MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME Kzt Term-End Examination (:)) December, 2009 : ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE FOR MANAGERS Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100 (Weightage 70%) Note : Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks. Use of calculators is allowed. (a) What do you understand by Internal Audit? How do the functions of an internal auditor differ from that of External Auditor? (b) Explain the consistency concept and Accrual Concept of Accounting. How is the Accrual Concept adhered to while preparing the final accounts of a company? (a) What are intangible assets of a firm? Why are they shown in the Balance Sheet? What is meant by amortisation of such assets? Give reason for the same. 1 P.T.O.
(b) What do you understand by Appropriation of profit of a company? How are the profits appropriated? How will the profits to be appropriated, affected, if the company issues debentures, instead of equity shares to finance its activities? Discuss how? 3. Distinguish between : FIFO and LIFO methods of Inventory valuation. Rights Shares and Bonus Shares (c) Direct Material Price Variance and Direct Material Usage Variance (d) Imputed Costs and Opportunity Costs. 4. What do you understand by Break-even analysis? Discuss the assumptions underlying the break-even analysis. How do these assumptions make the break-even analysis unrealistic? Explain and prepare a Break-even chart assuming relevant figures. 5. (a) What do you understand by Flexible Budget? How does it differ from a Fixed Budget? Explain its utility to a business organisation. (b) What do you mean by Control Ratios? Explain the three important control ratios and discuss their significance. 2
6. Explain fully the following statements : Operating cycle plays a decisive role in estimating the working capital requirement of a firm. As there is no explicit cost of retained earnings, they are free of cost. Depreciation acts as a tax shield An investor in shares considers not only its E.P.S. but also P.E. ratio. 7. A company, manufacturing a consumer product and marketing through its network of 400 depots all over the country, is considering closing down the depots and resorting to dealership arrangement. The total turnover of the company is Rs. 200 crore per annum. Average turnover, costs etc in respect of a depot is given below : Average Turnover Rs. 50 lakh Average Inventory Rs. 5 lakh Administration Expenses Rs. 50,000 p.a Staff Salary Rs. 80,000 p.a The inventory carrying cost is 16% p.a., which is the rate for working capital finance. Marketing through dealers would involve 3
engaging dealers for each area. The dealers will assure a minimum sale for each area. This would result in increasing the capacity utilisation from 75% as at present to 90%. The Company's P/V Ratio at present is 10% and the Break even point is at 50%of the capacity. Current profit is Rs. 150 lakh. Marketing through dealers would involve payment of a commission of 5% on sales, but 50% of the existing Depot Staff will have to be absorbed in the company. Dealers will deposit Rs. 5 crore with the company on which interest at 12% p.a. will be paid. You are required to work out the impact on profitability of the company by accepting the proposal as above, and to give your reaction if the commission to dealers is reduced to 4% on sales. 8. You have the following information on the performance of Premier Co. Ltd. and also the industry averages : Determine the indicated ratios for the Premier Co. Ltd., and Indicate the company's strengths and weakness as shown by your analysis. 4 P.T.O.
Balance Sheet as on 31st December, 2008. Equity Share Capital 24,00,000 Net fixed Assets 12,10,000 10% Debentures 4,60,000 Cash 4,40,000 Sundry Creditors 3,30,000 Sundry Debtors 5,50,000 Bills Payable 4,40,000 Stock 16,50,000 Other Current legend 2,20,000 38,50,000 38,50,000 Profit & Loss A/c for the year ending 31st Dec. 2008. Sales 55,00,000 Less Cost of Goods sold : Materials 20,90,000 Wages 13,20,000 Factory overhead 6,49,000 40,59,000 Gross profit 14,41,000 Less Selling & Distrubution cost 5,50,000 Administration & General Expenses 6,14,000 11,64,000 Earnings before interest & tax 2,77,000 Less interest charges 46,000 Less Taxes (50%) 1,15,500 Net Profit 1,15,500 Ratios Considered Industry Ratios Current Ratio 2.4 Debtors Turnover 8.0 Stock Turnover 9.8 Total Assets Turnover 2.0 Net Profit Margin 3.3% Net Profit /Total Assets 6.6% Net Profit/Net worth 10.7% Total Debt/Total Assets 63.5% - o 0 o - 5