Bilder immer einfärben in: Blue, Accent color 1 Saudi Arabia Statista Country Report November 2017
Saudi Arabia Overview General information: Capital: Official language(s): Main religion: Main ethnic group: Population: Area: - Population density: Total GDP 1 in 2016: - GDP 1 per capita: Corporate tax: Currency: - Exchange rate: Time zone: Calling code: Riyadh Arabic Muslim Arab 28,571,770 2,149,690 sq km 14.7 people per sq km US$646.0bn US$20,150.13 2.2% Saudi Riyals (SAR) USD/SAR = 3.75 UTC+3 +966 2 1: Current US$, see appendix for differences between current and constant US$ Source: CIA World Factbook 2017, World Bank World Development Indicators 2017, Columbia University
Saudi Arabia is a high income country with a population growth of 2.3% in 2016 Executive summary (1/2) Economy Real GDP is forecast to increase by 1% p.a. from 2016 to 2022 GDP growth at -1.9% was slower and GDP per capita at US$20,150 was higher than average in 2016 Saudi Arabia had a trade deficit of -2.6% of total GDP Rising interest rates while inflation is increasing from 2015 to 2016 Services accounted for 52.10% of total value added in 2015, compared to 78.9% in the United States It takes 16.2 days to start a business in Saudi Arabia compared to 5.6 days in the U.S. Female unemployment rate was 21.2% in 2016 and has been increasing over the past decade Consumers Population projected to reach 44.1 million by 2100 Declining birth rates and low death rates combined with more people living to old age Population growth at 2.3% was faster and GDP per capita at US$20,150 was higher than average in 2016 Saudi Arabia had the 41st highest total population in the world in 2015 Rate of natural increase in Saudi Arabia was 1.7% in 2015 Life expectancy at 74.6 was higher, while fertility rate at 2.6 was lower than the regional average In 2017, most employees work in the services sector and have a postsecondary education 3
Saudi Arabia is a dictatorship with a high level of technological development Executive summary (2/2) Technology 100% of the population in Saudi Arabia have access to electricity 73.8% use the internet and there are 157.6 mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people With US$5,446.4m and a share of 57.0%, ecommerce generates the highest digital revenues ecommerce revenues are expected to have a positive average growth of 11.5% annually up to 2022 Politics Saudi Arabia is a dictatorship Control of corruption is rated as mediocre Rule of Law in Saudi Arabia is high in global comparison High risks from political instability and high threat of violence or terrorism Regulatory quality in Saudi Arabia is on a middle level The total FinTech transaction value is forecast to grow by 108.6% from 2017 to 2021 4
Real GDP is forecast to increase by 2% p.a. from 2017 to 2022 Economic conditions Real GDP 1 in billion US$ 2 3 +2% 600.4 611.7 652.4 639.3 671.2 3 +4% 780.4 740.3 801.2 830.7 864.8 879.9 881.0 891.0 905.5 922.2 940.5 959.3 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 International Monetary Fund forecast 5 1: Real GDP is an inflation-adjusted GDP assessment, based on growth of constant prices in national currency, see appendix for more information 2: Constant US$, see appendix for differences between current and constant US$ 3: Compound annual growth rate Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database 2017, Statista 2017
GDP growth at -1.9% was slower and GDP per capita at US$20,150 was higher than average in 2016 Economic conditions GDP growth, GDP and GDP per capita in US$ 1 in the Middle East & North Africa in 2016 GDP growth 2015-2016 in % 12 Regional average GDP: US$100 billion 10 8 Djibouti Libya Israel 6 4 2 0 Morocco Jordan Iran Lebanon Bahrain United Arab Emirates -2-4 -6 Egypt Algeria Tunisia Middle East & North Africa Saudi Arabia Kuwait Qatar -8-10 Yemen Iraq Oman -28 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 65,000 GDP per capita in US$ 6 1: Current US$, see appendix for differences between current and constant US$ Source: International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook Database 2017
Saudi Arabia had a trade deficit of -2.6% of total GDP Economic conditions GDP composition by type of expenditure in this country and in the U.S. 68.1% Saudi Arabia United States 40.4% 29.6% 14.4% 28.2% 19.8% 33.3% 12.6% 4.5% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% -15.4% 7 Household consumption expenditure 1 General government final consumption expenditure 2 Gross fixed capital formation 3 Changes in inventories 4 Exports of goods and services 1: Expenditure by resident households and non-profit institutions serving households on individual consumption goods and services 2: Expenditure on individual consumption goods and services and collective consumption services 3: Including acquisitions less disposals of valuables 4: Value of entries into inventories less value of withdrawals and value of any recurrent losses of goods held in inventories Source: United Nations National Accounts Estimates of Main Aggregates 2017-35.9% Imports of goods and services Other
Saudi Arabia takes 29th place in competitiveness Economic conditions Percentile rankings in Global Competitiveness Index in 2017 0%-20% 21%-40% 41%-60% 61%-80% 81%-100% Saudi Arabia ranked 29th out of 136 countries 1 in national competitiveness Percentile rank indicates the country s place in the ranking, with 0 corresponding to lowest rank, and 100 to highest rank The Global Competitiveness Index includes 114 indicators of infrastructure quality, efficiency enhancers and innovation factors that determine the level of competitiveness of a country Competitiveness is a set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of an economy Highly competitive economies are more productive and have higher chances of long-term prosperity than less competitive economies 8 1: covered by the aggregate indicator Note: Data for Bolivia, Ivory Coast, Gabon & Macedonia from 2016-2017 edition, data for Guyana & Myanmar from 2015-2016 edition, data for Angola, Burkina Faso, Libya, Suriname & Timor-Leste from 2014-2015 edition, data for Belize & Syria from 2011-2012 edition Source: World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Index 2017
It takes 16.2 days to start a business in Saudi Arabia compared to 5.6 days in the U.S. Economic conditions Business Administration Time needed to Time needed to start a business 1 resolve insolvency 2 Saudi Arabia 16.2 days n.a. The U.S. 5.6 days 1.5 years Delivery Time needed to export 3 Time needed to import 3 Saudi Arabia 13 days 17 days The U.S. 6 days 5.4 days 9 1: Number of calendar days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate a business 2: Number of years from the filing for insolvency in court until the resolution of distressed assets 3: Time necessary to comply with all procedures required to export/import goods in calendar days Source: World Bank World Development Indicators 2017
Total labor force to increase to 13,540 thousand persons by 2021 Labor force Total labor force 1 in thousand by gender Male Female 8,773 9,092 9,389 9,680 10,176 10,673 11,191 11,652 11,998 12,779 12,336 12,567 12,979 13,175 13,374 13,540 +54.3% 85.3% 85.6% 85.8% 86.1% 85.4% 84.8% 84.6% 85.0% 84.9% 84.9% 84.8% 84.7% 84.6% 84.4% 84.4% 84.2% 14.7% 14.4% 14.2% 13.9% 14.6% 15.2% 15.4% 15.0% 15.1% 15.1% 15.2% 15.3% 15.4% 15.6% 15.6% 15.8% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 International Labour Organization forecast 10 1: All persons of working age who furnish the supply of labor for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. The sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. Data for 1990-2015 are estimates while 2016-2021 data are projections Source: ILO Labour force by sex and age ILO modelled estimates 2015
Female unemployment rate was 21.2% in 2016 and has been increasing over the past decade Labor force Unemployment 1 by sex and totals with regional comparison in % Female unemployment Male unemployment Total unemployment Unemployment in Middle East & North Africa 21.0% 20.9% 22.2% 22.8% 21.2% 18.0% 15.3% 14.6% 14.0% 16.3% 17.6% 18.9% 11.9% 11.0% 10.4% 10.0% 10.2% 10.5% 11.3% 11.5% 11.1% 11.2% 11.2% 11.1% 6.1% 4.1% 6.3% 4.7% 5.7% 4.2% 5.1% 3.6% 5.4% 5.6% 5.8% 5.5% 5.6% 5.7% 3.6% 3.5% 3.4% 2.7% 2.9% 2.8% 5.6% 2.5% 5.5% 2.7% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 11 1: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment Source: World Bank World Development Indicators 2017
Population projected to reach 44 million by 2100 Demographics Population projection 1 in thousand 34,710 37,290 39,480 41,317 42,778 44,027 45,056 45,791 46,185 46,272 46,160 45,951 45,699 45,406 45,044 44,589 44,029 +39.5% 31,557 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065 2070 2075 2080 2085 2090 2095 2100 12 1: Medium fertility variant assumes total fertility to converge eventually toward a level of 1.85 children per woman Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2017) World Population Prospects The 2017 Revision DVD Edition
Declining birth rates and low death rates combined with more people living to old age Demographics Population by sex and age group 1 in thousand in 2016 Male Age group Female 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 80+ 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 13 1: Estimates based on the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects Source: World Bank Health Nutrition and Population Statistics 2017
Population growth at 2.3% was faster and GDP per capita at US$20,029 was higher than average in 2016 Demographics Population growth, total population, and GDP per capita in US$ 1 in the Middle East & North Africa in 2016 Population growth in % Regional average GDP per capita: US$10,000 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0-0,5-1,0-1,5-2,0 Oman Bahrain Qatar Lebanon Jordan Iraq Djibouti 2 Israel Yemen Saudi Arabia Algeria Egypt Kuwait 2 Tunisia Middle East & North Africa Morocco Iran 2 United Arab Emirates Libya 3 Syria 4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 80 95 100 Total population in millions 14 1: Current US$ 2: GDP per capita data for 2015 3: GDP per capita data for 2011 4: GDP data for 2010, IMF World Economic Outlook Note: Blue dashed horizontal line represents the regional aggregate value for population growth. Blue dashed vertical line represents simple average based on regional aggregate for total population Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators 2017, IMF World Economic Outlook 2017
In global comparison, Saudi Arabia has a very high level of human development Human development index Human development index in 2015 0%-54% 55%-79% 80%-94% 95%-100% With 84.7%, Saudi Arabia ranks #38 in comparison of 188 countries The Human Development Index was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone The index is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and having a decent standard of living 15 Source: United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2016
73.8% use the internet and there are 157.6 mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people Infrastructure Internet users 1 in % in 2016 Mobile phone subscriptions 2 per 100 inhabitants in 2016 Fixed broadband subscriptions 3 per 100 inhabitants in 2016 73.8% 76.2% 157,6 32,4 127,2 111,2 47.6% 10,8 7,7 Saudi Arabia The U.S. Middle East & North Africa Saudi Arabia The U.S. Middle East & North Africa Saudi Arabia The U.S. Middle East & North Africa 16 1: Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months 2: Subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service that provide access to the PSTN using cellular technology 3: Fixed subscriptions to high-speed access to the public Internet (a TCP/IP connection), at downstream speeds equal to or greater than, 256 kbit/s Source: World Bank World Development Indicators 2017
With US$5,446.4m and a share of 57.0%, ecommerce generates the highest digital revenues Digitalization Digital expenditures 1 as share of consumer spending per capita by region 2 2.2% 2.5% Africa & Middle East 8.3% 11.8% 2017 2021 2.4% 2.9% 4.7% 6.4% 3.0% 5.0% 5.3% 6.4% Asia Australia Europe Latin America North America Total digital revenues 1 in this country and breakdown by market in 2017 Highlights In Africa & Middle East, the digital expenditures as a share of consumer spending per capita reached 2.2% in 2017 By 2021, the share of digital spending will grow another 0.3 percentage points and reach 2.5% In Saudi Arabia, the revenue in the ecommerce market amounts to US$5.446,4m in 2017 The eservices market generates revenues of US$781.21m in 2017 US$9.6bn 2.2% 8.2% 0.4% 57,0% 32,2% ecommerce Digital Media eservices Connected Car etravel In the etravel market, 2017 revenues add up to US$3,074.26m The market for Connected Cars produces a revenue of US$40.81m in 2017 Revenue in the Digital Media market amounts to US$212.43m in 2017 17 1: Including all revenues generated within the ecommerce, etravel, eservices, Digital Media and Connected Car markets 2: Regions only include countries listed in the Digital Market Outlook Source: Statista Digital Market Outlook 2017
Saudi Arabia is a dictatorship Political profile General information Citizens considered to be not free Regime type: dictatorship Freedom House score in 2016: 7.0 (1 = most free and 7 = least free) Saudi Arabia is characterized as a non-democracy, a the state has a Freedom House score in 1999-2000 from 5.5 to 7. This category includes military-backed dictatorships, authoritarian states, elitist oligarchies, and absolute monarchies Politics in Saudi Arabia There is no legally binding written constitution The king must follow the Islamic law Sharia and the Quran No political parties or national elections are permitted 3 municipal elections have taken place so far: in 2005, 2011 and 2015 Women have been granted a right to vote and run for office in the municipal elections since 2015 Chief of state: King and Prime Minister SALMAN bin Abd al-aziz Al Saud (since 23 January 2015); Crown Prince MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN bin Abd al-aziz Al Saud (born 31 August 1985); note - the monarch is both Chief of state and Head of government Head of government: King and Prime Minister SALMAN bin Abd al-aziz Al Saud (since 23 January 2015); Crown Prince MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN bin Abd al-aziz Al Saud (born 31 August 1985) 18 Source: Political Handbook of the World 2016-2017, CIA World Factbook, ElectionGuide, Freedom House
Methodology and data used in this report Data description and methods Data Sources The Statista Country Reports present quantitative data from various private and public sources of information. These sources include the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the United Nations, the OECD, the World Economic Forum, the International Labour Organization, the CIA World Factbook, the Election Guide, the Freedom House, the Political Handbook of the World and Statista itself. The data sources are indicated in footnotes throughout the report. Forecasts and estimates Certain diagrams within this Country Report include estimates or forecast values for the years 2016 to 2100. These estimated values and their sources are indicated in footnotes throughout the report. Real GDP calculation A country's real GDP is an inflation-adjusted GDP assessment reflecting its net growth. It can be used to compare economy sizes across countries. The data in this report is presented in U.S. dollars but maintains the growth rates of the real GDP series. The data is expressed in the base year of each country's national accounts, this year is country specific. For more information please refer to World Economic Outlook Database FAQ. Difference between current and constant US$ Data reported in current US$ for each year are in the value of the currency for that particular year. Current data series are influenced by the effect of price inflation and differences in exchange rates and the comparability of growth rates between countries is limited. Data expressed in constant US$ terms show the data for each year in the value of a particular base year. The base year of each country's national accounts is country specific. Constant series are used to measure the true growth of a series to adjust for the effects of price inflation. 19
Authors, Imprint, and Disclaimer Tytti Mälkki Analyst tytti.maelkki@statista.com Ksenia Striapunina Analyst ksenia.striapunina@statista.com Volker Staffa Analyst volker.staffa@statista.com Imprint Statista Johannes-Brahms-Platz 1 20355 Hamburg +49 40 413 49 89 0 www.statista.com Disclaimer This study is based on survey and research data from the previously mentioned sources. The forecasts and market analysis presented were researched and prepared by Statista with great care. For the presented survey data, estimations, and forecasts Statista cannot assume warranty of any kind. Surveys and forecasts contain information not naturally representing a reliable basis for decisions in individual cases and may require further interpretation. Therefore, Statista is not liable for any damage arising from the use of statistics and data provided in this report. www.statista.com