FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD FEDERAL RESERVE AGENT

SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT TO THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD BY THE FEDERAL RESERVE AGENT FEDERAL RESERVE BANK SAN FRANCISCO FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1931

SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT TO THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD BY THE FEDERAL RESERVE AGENT FEDERAL RESERVE BANK SAN FRANCISCO FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1931

DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO January 1, 1932 Class A Group DIRECTORS C. K. MCINTOSH, San Francisco, California - President, The Bank of California, N. A., San Francisco, California. THOMAS H. RAMSAY, Red Bluff, California - President and General Manager, Pacific National Agricultural Credit Corporation, San Francisco, California. Term Expires Dec. 31 1934 1932 KEITH POWELL, Woodburn, Oregon - - - - - - 1933 President, Bank of Woodburn, Woodburn, Oregon. A. B. C. DOHRMANN, San Francisco, California - - - - 1932 Chairman of the Board, Dohrmann Commercial Company and The Emporium Capwell Corporation, San Francisco, California. MALCOLM MCNAGHTEN, LOS Angeles, California - 1933 President, Broadway Department Store, Inc., Los Angeles, California. ELMER H. COX, San Francisco and Madera, California - - 1934 President, Madera Sugar Pine Company, Madera, California. ISAAC B. NEWTON, LOS Angeles, California - 1932 Chairman of the Board. WALTON N. MOORE, San Francisco, California - 1933 Deputy Chairman, President, Walton N. Moore Company, San Francisco, California. WILLIAM SPROULE, San Francisco, California - 1934 President-Retired, Southern Pacific Company; President, and Director, Central Pacific Railway Co. and Southern Pacific Railroad Co., San Francisco, California. MEMBER FEDERAL ADVISORY COUNCIL HENRY M. ROBINSON, representing District No. 12 Chairman of the Board, Security-First National Bank, Los Angeles, California ISAAC B. NEWTON, Chairman of the Board and Federal Reserve Agent S. G. SARGENT, Assistant Federal Reserve Agent, Chief Examiner, and Secretary OLIVER P. WHEELER, Assistant Federal Reserve Agent F. H. HOLMAN, General Auditor R. T. HARDY, Auditor OFFICERS JNO. U. CALKINS, Governor WM. A. DAY, Deputy Governor IRA CLERK, Deputy Governor W. M. HALE, Cashier CHESTER D. PHILLIPS, Assistant Cashier C. E. EARHART, Assistant Cashier H. N. MANGELS, Assistant Cashier E. C. MAILLIARD, Assistant Cashier J. M. OSMER, Assistant Cashier

DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF BRANCHES January 1, 1932 SPOKANE BRANCH Term Directors Expires Officers Dec. 31 PETER MCGREGOR*, D. L. DAVIS, Managing Director Chairman 1932 J. M. LEISNER, Assistant Manager G. I. TOEVS* 1933 A. J. DTJMM, Assistant Cashier D. W. TwoHYf.... 1933 R. M. HARDY!.... 1932 D. L. DAVIS!.... 1932 SEATTLE BRANCH HENRY A. RHODES*, C. R. SHAW, Managing Director Chairman... 1932 B. A. RUSSELL, Assistant Manager CHARLES H. CLARKE*.. 1933 G. W. RELF, Assistant Cashier M. A. ARNOLDf.... 1933 M. F. BACKusf.... 1932 C. R. SHAWJ 1932 PORTLAND BRANCH EDWARD C. PEASE*, R. B. WEST, Managing Director Chairman 1932 S. A. MACEACHRON, Assistant Manager NATHAN STRAUSS*... 1933 J. P. BLANCHARD, Assistant Cashier J. C. AlNSWORTHf... 1933 JOHN F. DALY!}.... 1932 R. B. WESTf 1932 SALT LAKE CITY BRANCH G. G. WRIGHT*, W. L. PARTNER, Managing Director Chairman 1932 H. M. CRAFT, Assistant Manager LAFAYETTE HANCHETT*. 1933 W. M. Smoot, Assistant Cashier H. E. HEMINGWAY! 1933 E. O. HowARDf.... 1932 W. L. PARTNER!.... 1932 LOS ANGELES BRANCH JESSE B. ALEXANDER*, W. N. AMBROSE, Managing Director Chairman 1932 M. MCRITCHIE, Assistant Manager CHARLES B. VOORHIS*.. 1933 FRED C. BOLD, Assistant Cashier F. J. BELCHER, JR. f... 1933 L. C. MEYER, Assistant Cashier A. J. CRUICKSHANKf.. 1932 W. N. AMBROSE!... 1932 * Appointed by Federal Reserve Board. fappointed by Federal Reserve Bank ^Succeeded by Richard S. Smith, February 18, 1932.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Sirs: Federal Reserve Bank, San Francisco, California, March 1, 1932. I have the honor to submit the following report concerning conditions in the Twelfth Federal Reserve District and the operations of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, for the year ended December 31, 1931. Yours respectfully, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D. C. Chairman of the Board and Federal Reserve Agent.

ECONOMIC REVIEW OF THE YEAR 1931 TWELFTH FEDERAL RESERVE DISTRICT Agriculture Agricultural products brought unusually low returns to District farmers during 1931. Shortages of rainfall and irrigation water in all states of the District except Arizona and excessive temperatures during mid-summer reduced crop production to the smallest volume since 1921 and created a serious shortage of feed on livestock ranges. Not only were harvests greatly reduced, but average farm prices reached the lowest levels since the immediate pre-war period, some of the important commodities of the District selling at the lowest prices on record. Although costs of production were reduced during 1931, gains from such sources did not offset declines in production and in prices received for agricultural products and, as a result, the farmer's purchasing power was further sharply curtailed during 1931., 1931*. Volume Value Grains... 73.7 35.7 Field Crops Fruits... Vegetables. All Crops.. 88.9 107.6 126.9 94.6 56.6 68.1 91.5 58.4 *Preliminary. ) ] Revisec INDEXES OF CROP PRODUCTION Twelfth Federal Reserve District (1925-1927 Annual Average = 100), 1930t - Volume! Value 94.7 53.9 104.7 81.0 120.7 100.3 136.5 122.6 110.2 84.4 r 1929, Volume Value 99.1 105.6 112.9 132.7 108.7 92.7 124.3 111.4 128.4 112.8 t 1928 N Volume Value 115.2 96.C 105.3 107. J 111.5 102.0 117.2 116.8 109.0 103.5, 1921 - Volume 101.3 92.2 73.6 47.6 84.9 Value 77.6 77.8 90.0 50.3 79.8 While production of crops decreased during 1931, output of dairy and poultry products and marketing of cattle and lambs were greater than in 1930. Decreases of from 10 to 30 per cent in the prices of these products, however, more than offset increases in production and their aggregate value in 1931 was below that of the preceding year. Except in Arizona, livestock ranges were in poor condition throughout the year and the condition of livestock was affected accordingly. During the autumn and winter it became necessary to use increased amounts of supplemental feeds to prepare livestock for market a factor which prevented any appreciable saving from lowered costs of production. Industry and Trade Industrial production in the Twelfth District was comparatively stable during the first five months of 1931, but declined sharply during the later months of the year. For the year as a whole, slaughter of livestock, production of butter, and consumption of wool were greater than in 1930, while output of flour and paper and pulp declined but slightly. Gold production was also larger in 1931 than in 1930. Consumption of electric energy, which has increased during each of the past 12 years, partly as a result of a shift to the use of electric power in place of other forms of energy, was about 3 per cent smaller in 1931 than in 1930. Marked declines in activity were recorded in the lumber, petroleum, cement, non-ferrous metals, furniture, dried fruits, and canning and preserving industries. The value of contracts awarded for such public

6 SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT enterprises as sewers, bridges, streets and roads, and the Hoover Dam was larger than in 1930, but the value of all other types of building was smaller than in any year since 1922. Both the number of employees engaged by industry and the average earnings per worker averaged well below the reduced levels of 1930. Distribution of commodities proceeded at a slower rate in 1931 than in 1930. Sales of department stores and wholesalers decreased substantially in value and, after allowance for the decline in prices, there appears also to have been some reduction in the volume of goods sold. The most abrupt declines of the year (seasonal factors allowed for) occurred during September, October, November, and December. The value of stocks carried by department stores decreased during 1931, with the result that the rate of turnover remained about the same as in previous years. Collections by those stores were somewhat slower, particularly during the last few months of the year. Greater decreases were shown in freight carloadings of industrial products on District railroads than in merchandise shipments. Intercoastal traffic through the Panama Canal was at a much lower level in 1931 than in 1930, largely because of a reduced movement of petroleum products. The value of foreign trade decreased sharply as compared with a year earlier, the decrease in imports exceeding that in exports, reflecting the greater decline in prices of certain major import commodities such as silk and rubber than in the bulk of commodities exported. INDEXES OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION Twelfth Federal Reserve District (1923-1925 Annual Average=100) 1931 1930 1929 1928 Industrial Production 74 98 123 114 Carloadings, Industrial 58 85 111 113 Electric Power Production 155 159 157 144 Manufactures 75 102 124 118 Foods 102 122 120 124 Butter 121 114 105 111 Canned Fruits 110 148 138 167 Canned Vegetables 77 160 160 132 Canned Fish 112 131 144 135 Flour 104 109 113 103 Slaughter of Livestock 91 80 84 94 Wool Consumption 89 71 82 75 Lumber 54 86 108 107 Paper and Pulp 123 128 142 145 Eefined Mineral Oils 140 168 193 155 Cement 70 90 106 115 Metals and Metal Products 58 93 143 128 Minerals 71 90 122 104 Petroleum 79 95 121 96 Copper 62 83 129 118 Lead 68 96 114 111 Silver 47 71 86 85 Building and Construction 62 67 81 83 Building Permits 31 51 68 75 Larger Cities 29 49 64 71 Smaller Cities 36 59 87 94 Engineering Contracts Awarded 109 120 134 124 Excluding Buildings 191 128 134 113 1927 110 108 131 114 113 110 129 109 148 99 97 89 105 132 148 114 121 100 96 106 118 89 88 84 81 97 132 105 1926 110 112 121 114 116 104 164 112 106 92 94 80 109 133 132 110 121 100 93 109 114 92 93 92 88 109 115 95 1925 104 110 109 106 105 98 121 118 123 80 97 94 106 104 118 107 102 100 96 106 113 99 102 104 103 107 106 99

FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO 7 Credit The record of the credit situation in the Twelfth District during 1931 shapes itself into three general periods. The first period, covering five months, bore the general characteristics of easy money conditions. Interest rates continued to decline as they had throughout 1930 and, although banks scrutinized loan applications carefully, money Avas advanced for sound undertakings. Time deposits of reporting member banks increased to record levels; net demand deposits rose slightly; commercial loans changed little; security loans continued the decline that had commenced in October, 1930, and investments increased rapidly. Demand for currency on the part of the public showed no appreciable change aside from its usual seasonal fluctuations. Borrowings from the Reserve Bank, although somewhat higher than during most of 1930, were at relatively low levels. A distinct change in the credit situation was ushered in late in the second quarter of 1931. Bankers' balances in the larger centers of the District declined, thereby necessitating increased borrowing from the Reserve Bank. About that time greater than seasonal withdrawals of currency began to affect deposits appreciably, a development which moved sw r iftly to its climax for the year in October. Although the volume of currency in circulation continued to increase during November and December, the advance w r as largely in response to seasonal INDEXES OF TRADE Twelfth Federal Reserve District (1923-1925 Annual Averajre = 100) 1931 1930 1929 192S 1927 1926 1925 Carloadings 75 97 112 114 112 112 108 Merchandise and Miscellaneous.. 90 107 117 117 116 113 107 Foreign Trade* 72 109 141 130 121 125 102 Imports* 64 105 128 116 114 120 104 Exports 7G 110 147 138 124 127 102 Intercoastal Trade 71 87 98 89 97 99 85 Eastbound 67 80 87 80 94 96 82 Westbound 87 109 137 120 110 107 96 Wholesale Sales 73 93 108 102 97 100 101 Agricultural Implements 72 128 155 139 132 134 120 Automobile Supplies 54 72 89 93 94 96 98 Dry Goods 52 68 88 89 88 90 95 Electrical Supplies 70 103 124 121 112 112 106 Furniture 77 96 122 110 97 102 101 Groceries 105 118 123 102 89 94 97 Hardware 60 81 99 96 94 99 98 Shoes 62 82 101 106 110 104 99 Paper and Stationery 79 94 103 96 98 102 101 Department Store Sales 103 113 120 117 114 111 105 Los Angeles 103 116 125 122 121 115 107 Salt Lake City 90 97 110 111 103 104 103 San Francisco 100 107 114 113 110 109 105 Seattle 92 110 120 117 107 103 102 Department Store Stocks 91 104 106 108 108 101 102 Automobile Registrations New Cars 66 95 133 99 89 109 102 Passenger 61 90 129 99 86 109 103 Commercial 112 151 180 96 95 105 98 *Excluding raw silk.

O SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT demands. Withdrawals of both time and demand deposits, combined with a desire for increased liquidity on the part of banks prompted bankers to adopt a more stringent policy in the placing and continuance of loans so that their institutions might retain other readily marketable assets. This tendency was reflected in a sharp turn downward in commercial loans of reporting member banks in August, a movement which continued to the end of the year. Further liquidation of loans on securities also took place during this period. As would be expected, these developments were accompanied by advances in interest rates. COMMERCIAL LOAN RATE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 4 0 Reporting Member Banks Twelfth District Interest Rate and Bankers' Balances San Francisco Bank failures became more numerous during these and later months of 1931, the largest share of the year's total (33 member and 43 nonmember) coming in September, October, November, and December when 49 banks were closed. The departure of several countries from the gold standard and subsequent withdrawals of gold from the United States added to the tightening of the credit structure in this District. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS DEMAND FOR CURRENCY CREDIT EXTENDED IN THE TWELFTH DISTRICT Reserve Bank Credit Currency Circulation Twelfth District Changes cumulated from January 2,1929 Culmination of the effects of these various factors was evident in October, when demand for credit at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco reached almost record proportions and total credit extended by that Bank, both within and outside the District, stood at 246 million dollars on October 28, compared with the record of 249 million dollars for October 1, 1920.

FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OP SAN FRANCISCO 9 During the last two months of 1931, there was some easing from the pressure of the June-October period. Public demand for currency ceased to expand other than for seasonal needs, the downtrend in deposits moderated, the need for Reserve Bank credit diminished, and in December interest rates declined slightly. Considering the year as a whole, volume of credit extended by Twelfth District member banks declined substantially. The contraction was evident chiefly in total loans, as investment holdings, a large part of which is purchased in national markets, increased during the year. Part of the funds transferred from the District in payment for these additional investments was repatriated indirectly by a reduction in open market loans which represented almost entirely the extension of credit to other areas. On the basis of reports for all member banks, total loans and investments declined 245 million dollars (80 million dollars at country banks and 165 million dollars at city banks), investments increased 77 million dollars (90 million dollars at city banks offset in part by a decline of 13 million dollars at country banks), while total loans decreased 322 million dollars (255 million dollars at city banks and 67 million dollars at country banks). Net demand and time deposits of member banks declined 407 million dollars during 1931. The more important factors contributing to this decrease were: (1) A decline of 277 million dollars in total loans, excluding open market loans. (2) A net loss to the District of 261 million dollars through payments to other areas for the account of individuals. (3) A net increase of approximately 51 million dollars in currency in the hands of the public in this District. Partially offsetting these factors were the following elements which tended to increase deposits: (1) Mint purchases of locally produced gold amounting to 44 million dollars. (2) United States Treasury expenditures in the Twelfth District 144 million dollars in excess of collections. (:3) An increase of 6 million dollars in loans to banks. The factors tending to reduce deposits amounted to 589 million dollars and the offsetting factors amounted to 194 million dollars. The difference between these two totals (395 million dollars) thus accounts for all but 12 million dollars of the 407 million dollar decline of total deposits during the year. The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco supplied but little credit to the District banking structure during the first few months of 1931. Holdings of discounted bills and locally purchased acceptances combined approximated 20 million dollars prior to late May when borrowings began to increase. Investments in United States securities were maintained at a fairly high level throughout the year, but inasmuch as practically all purchases for this portfolio are made in New York these holdings represent principally a direct extension of credit outside the District. The increase in total credit extended by the Bank to near-record proportions in October was the result not only of increased discounts for member banks, but also of record holdings of acceptances representing participation in the System's extension of credit in the open market.

10 SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT STATEMENT OF CONDITION Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco RESOURCES December 31, 1931 December 31, 1930 Cash Reserves held by this bank against its deposits and note circulation: Gold and Gold Certificates in vault $ 18,925,961.62 * 43,003,674.95 Gold in the Gold Settlement Fund lodged with the Treasurer of the United States for the purpose of settling current transactions between Federal Reserve Districts 26,617,538.71 27,057,475.41 Gold Held by the Federal Reserve Agent as part of the collateral deposited by the bank when it obtains Federal Reserve notes. This gold is lodged in his name partly in the vaults of the bank and partly with the Treasurer of the United States 214,662,550.00 215,762,550.00 Gold Redemption Fund in the hands of the Treasurer of the United States to be used to redeem such Federal Reserve notes as are presented to the Treasurer for redemption 3,268,046.29 4,529,086.43 Legal Tender Notes, Silver, and Silver Certificates in vaults of the bank (available as reserve against deposits only) 8,812,715.00 8,392,116.00 Total Cash Beservcs $272,286,811.62 $298,744,902.79 Loans and Investments Loans to Member Banks: On the security of obligations of the United States $ 10,844,261.50 $ 5,893,005.00 By the discount of commercial or agricultural paper or acceptances 19,898,289.63 9,590,701.58 Acceptances bought in the open market 32,013,913.11 31,023,120.89 United States Government Bonds, Notes, etc. 62,810,000.00 51,082,350.00 Federal Intermediate Credit Bank Debentures 1,870,000.00 Total Loans and Investments (or Earning Assets) $127,436,464.24 $ 97,589,177.47 Uncollected Items Checks and Other Items not yet collected... $ 27,081,334.96 $ 31,560,282.05 Miscellaneous Resources Bank Premises $ 4,433,213.90 $ 4,620,999.03 Non-Reserve Cash, consisting largely of National Bank notes and minor coin 6,394,917.09 5,310,820.80 All Other Miscellaneous Resources 1,474,801.15 783,629.84 Total Miscellaneous Resources $ 12,302,932.14 $ 10,715,449.67 TOTAL RESOURCES $439,107,542.96 $438,609,811.98

FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO 11 LIABILITIES December 31, 1931 December 31, 1930 Currency in Circulation Federal Reserve Notes in actual circulation, payable on demand. These notes are secured in full by gold and discounted and purchased paper $231,077,615.00 $185,838,075.00 Deposits Reserve Deposits maintained by member banks as legal reserves against the deposits of their customers $138,600,061.70 $182,583,846.72 United States Government Deposits 3,193,632.81 1,409,493.75 Other Deposits, including foreign deposits, deposits of non-member clearing banks, etc. 12,679,923.33 7,432,342.65 Total Deposits $154,473,617.84 $191,425,683.12 Deferred Availability Items Deferred Items, composed mostly of uncollected checks on banks in all parts of the country $ 22,447,616.24 $ 30,793,00:5.42 Miscellaneous Liabilities Reserves and All Other Miscellaneous Liabilities $ 2,063,083.94 $ 573,755.21 Capital and Surplus Capital Paid In, equal to 3 per cent of the capital and surplus of member banks $ 11,339,050.00 $ 11,504,300.00 Surplus as permitted by law 17,706,559.94 18,474,995.23 Total Capital and Surplus $ 29,045,609.94 $ 29,979,295.23 TOTAL LIABILITIES :. $439,107,542.96 $438,609,811.98

12 SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OPERATIONS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO DURING 1931 Changes most noticeable in the statistical record of the operations of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco during 1931 were concerned chiefly with (a) the increase of currency in the hands of banks and of the public and the accompanying decline of deposits at member banks; (b) a decline in the availability of "Federal" funds and of bankers' balances generally, with the consequent necessity of increased borrowing on the part of member banks, and (c) the general tightening of credit and increased dependence upon the Reserve Bank necessitated by these two movements, The effects upon the Bank's operations of these circumstances so far as they can be expressed numerically are shown in the table on the opposite page. A more specific explanation of the important items follows: (1) An outstanding change as compared with 1930 was the relatively large increase in the Bank's discounting and rediscounting operations. As previously indicated, most of the increase over 1930 came during the last three or four months of the year, following the abandonment of the gold standard by England in September. That event tended to accentuate the increase of currency circulation which had become evident early in the second quarter. At the same time individual deposits decreased at an accelerated pace and net bankers' balances at city member banks, particularly in San Francisco, continued a sharp drop Avhich commenced earlier in the year. The combined result of these circumstances was a sizeable increase in the volume of member bank borrowing at the Reserve Bank. (2) In contrast with 1930, acceptance dealings of this Bank declined in relative importance, reflecting primarily a decline in the volume of business which customarily serves as a basis for the creation of acceptances and late in the year, a shifting within the interest rate structure which tended to favor borrowing of member banks at the discount window rather than through the sale of acceptances. (3) The function of supplying currency and coin showed a decrease in the number of individual pieces and in the dollar amount of coin and currency received and counted. This decrease contrasted with an increase during 1930, a year when currency circulation declined, and reflected in large measure the marked increase of currency held by the banks and the public during 1931. (4) A further decrease in the volume of operations appears in the number and dollar amount of telegraphic transfers of funds during 1931. The greater share of this decrease may be attributed to (a) the reduction of bankers' balances and the less rapid shuttling of "Federal" fund's back and forth between Twelfth District and New York money markets, and (b) the sluggish action of securities markets, whose operations instigate the transfer of a considerable volume of funds during periods of activity.

FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO 13 (5) Reflecting the necessity for the United States Treasury to borrow large amounts during 1931 and its practice of using short term instruments predominantly, the physical volume and dollar amount of United States securities issued, redeemed or exchanged during the year exceeded the 1930 figures by a relatively large amount. (6) Although there were no changes in methods of procedure or in organization which appreciably affected the volume of checks, drafts, notes and coupons collected, both the number of items and their dollar amount declined sharply during 1931. This decline is primarily an indicator of the trend of general business activity during the year. PRINCIPAL OPERATIONS 1931 1930 1929 Supplying Currency and Coin Currency Received and Counted: Individual notes counted Dollar amount Coin Received and Counted: Number Dollar amount Making Loans and Investments Bills Discounted for Member Banks: Number Dollar amount* Bills Purchased for the Account of this Bank: Number Dollar amount Collecting Checks, Drafts, Notes, and Coupons Checks handled for collection: Number Dollar amount Collection Items handled, including drafts, notes, and coupons: Number Dollar amount Supplementary Services United States Government Securities issued, redeemed, or exchanged : Number Dollar amount Funds Transferred: Number of transfers Dollar amount 129,561,000 $832,157,000 132,158,000 $63,220,000 20,000 2,182,084,000 17,000 $299,630,000 61,547,000 $13,176,339,000 1,293,000 $321,519,000 74,000 $568,591,000 129,000 $17,325,704,000 134,955,000 $912,188,000 135,439,000 $74,913,000 16,000,109,586,000 28,000 $446,841,000 67,180,000 $15,322,015,000 1,437,000 $387,186,000 51,000 $311,343,000 149,000 $25,282,661,000 125,680,000 $899,442,000 124,060,000 $29,887,000 21,000 $4,089,446,000 19,000 $301,741,000 76,800,000 $15,399,865,000 1,572,000 $353,899,000 94,000 $453,845,000 158,000 $16,561,947,000 ' Includes paper discounted for the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks at Berkeley, California, and Spokane, Washington, amounting to $0,675,000 in 1931; $5,581,000 in 1930; and $16,374,000 in 1929.

14 SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT INCOME AND DISBURSEMENTS Federal Reserve Hank of San Francisco Earnings On Loans to Banks and Paper Discounted for I9SI Them $1,091,639.84 $ 558,033.03 On Acceptances Purchased 471,8.33.53 753,757.80 On United States Government Obligations Owned 972,636.47 1,017,171.06 Other Earnings 181,410.39 79,548.44 Total Earnings $2,717,520.23 $2,408,510.33 Additions to Earnings $ 110,275.23 $ 117,073.28 Deductions from Earnings For Current Bank Operation $2,12!),347.50 $2,251,862.72 For Assessments for Federal Reserve Board Expenses 48,497.57 55,915.2] For Federal Reserve Currency, mainly the cost of printing new notes to replace worn notes in circulation, and to replenish the stock unissued and on hand 180,935.25 190,870.83 For Furniture and Equipment 13,214.47 1S6,3O9.15 For Reserves and Depreciation, Self-Insurance, Losses, etc 188,840.88 188,840.88 All Other 19,748.84 7,473.84 Total Deductions from Earnings $2,580,584.51 $2,881,272.63 Net Income available for dividends, additions to surplus, and payment to the United States Government' $ 253,210.95 $ S55.689.02* Dividends Paid to Member Banks, at the rate of 6 per cent on paid-in capital $ 685,070.12 $ 682,946.11 Excess of Dividends and Expenses over net income 431,859.17 1,038,635.13 Addition to Surplus The bank is permitted by law to accumulate out of net earnings, after payment of dividends, a surplus amounting to 100 per cent of the subscribed capital; and after such surplus has been accumulated to pay into surplus each year 10 per cent of the net income remaining after paying dividends... 0 0 Payment to the United States Government as a franchise tax representing the entire net income of the bank after paying dividends and making additions to surplus (as above). No balance remained for such payments in 1930 and 1931 0 0 Charges to Surplus Account Excess of Dividends over Net Income $ 431,859.17 $ 682,!)46.11 Excess of Expenses over Net Income 0 355,689.02 Depreciation Reserve on United States Government Securities 336,576.12 0 'Deficit. Total Charged to Surplus Account $ 768,435.29 $1,038,635.13

FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO 15 Earnings and Expenses In consequence chiefly of the more active discount operations, earnings of the Bank were $309,010 larger in 1931 than in 1930. At the same time total expenses were reduced by $300,688 and net earnings of $253,211 were reported for 1931, contrasting with a net loss on 1930 operations amounting to $355,689. Dividend payments to member banks at the legal rate of 6 per cent per annum required $685,070 during 1931 and, tinder authorization of the Board of Directors, surplus was reduced by $431,859, or the difference between that amount and net earnings ($253,211). The largest items contributing to the reduction of expenses during 1931 were decreases in expenditures amounting to $173,095 for furniture and equipment and $122,515 for current bank operation. Expenditures for furniture and equipment were unusually large in 1930 when the Los Angeles Branch moved into its new building. A substantial reduction in rent, due largely to the occupancy of owned quarters by the Los Angeles Branch, and some reduction of expenditures accruing from a slight reduction in the number of employees during the year account for the major part of the decline in current bank operation expenses. The principal sources of earnings of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco during 1931 and 1930, with an enumeration of the major classifications of operating expenses, and a statement of distribution of net income, are presented in the table on the opposite page. Changes in Membership Three banks were admitted to membership during 1931. Resources added by these banks and by other changes which did not affect the number of member banks amounted to $7,155,000. Losses to membership during the year, however, totaled 62 banks with combined total resources of $49,348,000. Included in the reduction of 62 in the number of active member banks were 15, having total resources of $21,081,000, which lost their identity through merger with other member banks and thus did not affect total resources of all member banks. The absorption by non-member banks of 11 member banks with resources of $5,529,000 reduced both the number and resources of member banks by the respective equivalent amounts as did the suspension or insolvency of 33 member banks with resources of $40,118,000. Other classes of membership losses involved 3 banks with resources of $3,701,000, thus accounting for the $49,348,000 gross loss of resources incident to changes in bank membership. These changes in membership account for the net loss of 59 member banks and a net decline of $42,193,000 in resources. In addition, there was a shrinkage during the year of $458,382,000 in member bank resources due to other causes, including the general tightening of the credit situation. Although the period of credit strain experienced in 1931, with its testing of the banking structure, reduced the amount of banking resources in the District, it was accompanied by an increase of approximately 10 per cent in the average capital and surplus of banks.

16 SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT CHANGES IN BANK MEMBERSHIP DURING THE YEAR 1931 -Member Banks f Number \ Resources National State Total (000 omitted) Active Member Banks December 31, 1930 470 111 581 $4,206,448 Additions to Membership: Organization of National Banks 1.. 1 354 Conversion of non-member banks to National banks 1.. 1 711 Admission of State banks.... Eesumption following suspension 1.. 1 170 Conversion within the System.... Succession between member banks of same class 1*.. 1* (5,082)t Absorption of non-member banks by National and State member banks.. 13* 1* 14* 5,920 TOTAL ADDITIONS 3.. 3 $ 7,155 Losses to Membership: Merger between member banks: Intraclass 12 1 13 ($18,467) t Interclass 2 2 ( 2,614) t Voluntary liquidation 1.. 1 1,849 Suspension or insolvency 23 10 33 40,118 Absorption of member by non-member banks 11.. 11 5,529 Conversion of member to non-member....... Withdrawal of State banks 2 2 1,852 Termination of membership by reason of expiration of charter.... Conversion within the System.... Succession between member banks: Intraclass 1*.. 1* (5,082) t Interclass.... TOTAL LOSSES 47 15 62 $ 49,348 Net Change 44 15 59 42,193 Active Member Banks December 31, 1931 426 96 522 $3,705,873 *Changes not affecting total number of member banks. tchanges not affecting total resources of member banks. Bank Organization and Personnel In the annual election of directors held in 1931, two places on the Board of Directors were filled. The banks of Group One (those having a combined capital and surplus in excess of $599,999) reelected C. K. Mclntosh, President of the Bank of California, N. A., San Francisco, as a Class A director for a three-year term ending December 31, 1934. The banks of Group Three (those having a combined capital and surplus of less than $125,000) reelected Elmer H. Cox, President, Madera

FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OK SAN FRANCISCO 17 Sugar Pine Company, Madera, California, as a Class B director for a similar three-year term. The Federal Reserve Board at Washington, D. C, reappointed William Sproule, President-Retired, Southern Pacific Railway Company, and President and Director, Central Pacific Railway Company and Southern Pacific Railroad Company, San Francisco, a Class C director for the three years which end December 31, 1934. Isaac B. Newton of Los Angeles, California, a Class C director whose term expires December 31, 1932, was redesignated Chairman of the Board and Federal Reserve Agent for the year 1932. Walton N. Moore, President, Walton N. Moore Company, San Francisco, was redesignated Deputy Chairman of the Board to serve during the year 1932. To represent the Twelfth Federal Reserve District in the Federal Advisory Council during the year 1931, the Board of Directors selected Henry M. Robinson, Chairman of the Board, Security-First National Bank of Los Angeles, Los Angeles.* The directorates at the five branches of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco were not changed at the year-end, t A new chairman of the board was appointed at each branch in conformity with a policy of alternation in that office of the two branch directors appointed by the Federal Reserve Board. There were two changes in the official staff of the Bank during the year. On April 1, 1931, Fred C. Bold, formerly Assistant Cashier at II~2d Office, was transferred to Los Angeles as Assistant Cashier of the branch, and A. J. Dumm, formerly Assistant Cashier at the Los Angeles Branch, was transferred to Spokane as Assistant Cashier of the Branch. PERSONNEL AND SALARIES Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (including Branches), Number -i t Annual Salaries ^ Jan. 1 Jan.1 Jan.1 Jan. 1 1932 1931 1932 1931 OFFICERS 30 30 $ 252,400 $ 251,800 EMPLOYEES BY DEPARTMENTS : Banking Department 650 662 1,077,300 1,090,370 Federal Eeserve Agent's Department 22 27 54,240 63,840 Auditing Department 6 7 13,020 16,080 Fiscal Agency Department 10 11 19,080 23,220 TOTAL 718 737 $1,416,040 $1,445,310 EMPLOYEES WHOSE SALARIES ARE EEIMBURSED TO BANK: Fiscal Agency Department 2 4,320 4,320 Other Employees 32 30 36,600 34,440 GRAND TOTAL 752 769 $1,456,960 $1,484,070 TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES (not included) 5 7 $ 4,808 $ 6,408 *On January 7, 1932, Henry M. Eobinson was appointed to serve as the representative of the Twelfth Federal Reserve District in the Federal Advisory Council for the year 1932. tat Portland, Eichard S. Smith succeeded J. F. Daly February 18, 1932.

IS SEVENTEENTH ANNUAJJ REPORT BRANCH BANKING The number of branch operating banks in the Twelfth District decreased from 64 to 59 during 1931, while consolidations and closings of individual branches reduced the number of branches from 857 to 833. Statistics of branch banking shown in the accompanying table include figures for all banks 'operating offices other than their Head Office, whether such offices are located in the same city as the Head Office or in another locality. The establishment of branches is prohibited by law in Idaho, Nevada, and Utah, while the operation of branches established prior to the passage of the existing banking law r s is permitted in Oregon and Washington. At the beginning of 1931 one branch operating bank with one branch was located in Oregon, but that institution suspended operations during the year and there are now no branch operating banks in Oregon. State Arizona* California Washington... BRANCH BANKS IN THE TWELFTH DISTRICT Number of Banks 21 393 286 I Total.1 51 3 Banks Operating Branches \ National Mem- Mem- State Non- Banks ber ber 0 1 4 12 4 35 1 2 f Total 23 805 5 Branches - i Operated by \ Member Mem- Non- National State ber Banks Banks 0 520J > lit 103 Banks 12 1SL> 3 LOCE In Home City 0 262 3 ited Outside Home City 23 543 % *Does not include part of the state of Arizona which is in the Eleventh Federal Heserve District, tincludes four branches located in the Eleventh Federal Reserve District. {Includes three branches of Bank of California, N. A., San Francisco, located in Oregon and Washington and excludes one foreign branch of the Bank of America National Trust and Savings Association, San Francisco. BRANCH BANKS IN CALIFORNIA December 31, 1931: State Banks Member Non-Member Total number of State banks having branches Total number of National banks having branches* Total Number of Kanks -1 35 39 12 51 Number of Branches 103 182 2 S.I 520 805 Total Resources $ 520,040,000 565,114,000 1,085,154,000 1,767,958,000 $2,853,112,000 '"Includes three branches of Bank of California, N. A., San Francisco, located in Oregon and Washington and excludes one foreign branch of the Bank of America National Trust and Savings Association, San Francisco. NOTE Detailed.statistical tables pertaining to the Twelfth Federal Reserve District and the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco will appear in the Annual Report of the Federal Reserve Board. Copies of the Board's report may be obtained, when published, from the Federal Reserve Board at Washington, D. C.

FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO 19 TWELFTH FEDERAL RESERVE DISTRICT Includes the States of Arizona, except the five southeastern counties, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington SAN FRANCISC Map showing territory of Head Office and Branches of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco