These figures are to be attached to Polterovich and Popov's paper. Fig. 3.1. Foreign Exchange Reserves as a % of GDP, Average Ratios for 19-99 Congo, Rep. US Mexico Russia (1993-99) India Brazil UK Pakistan Argentina Turkey (198-99) Germany (1991-99) Korea, Rep. France Indonesia (197-99) Philippines Italy Nigeria China (1977-99) Egypt UAE Iran(7-99) Israel Mauritius Ireland Thailand Kuwait Saudi Arabia Libya HK(-99) Botswana (197-99) % 1
Fig. 3.. Share of Gold in Reserves in the World and in the US (%, left scale) and the Ratio of Foreign Exchange Reserves to GDP in the World (%, right scale) Share of gold in reserves in the US (left scale) 9 8 Share of gold in reserves, % Share of gold in reserves in the world (left scale) Ratio of reserves to GDP (right scale) 7 3 Ratio of net reserves (excluding gold) to GDP (right scale) 1 1998 199 199 199 19 1988 198 198 198 19 1978 197 197 197 19 198 19 19 19 19 Fig. 3.a. Average Ratio of Imports to GDP and Average Ratio of Reserves to GDP in 19-99, % Lebanon Malta FER as a % of GDP Botswana R =.11 1 1 1 1 Import as a % of GDP Fig. 3.3. Average Ratio of Gross International Reserves to GDP and Average Annual Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita in 19-99, %, Average annual growth rates of GDP per capita - Korea China Sierra-Leone Thailand Venezuela Switzerland R =.39 Average ratio of gross international reserves to GDP HK Botswana
Fig. 3.3a. Average Ratio of FOREX to GDP and GDP Per Capita Growth Rates in 19-99 GDP per capita average annual growth rates in 19-99. 3. 3. 1. 1 Ireland Portugal R =.1 New Zealand Switzerland 1 3 Average ratio of reserves to GDP in 19-99, % Fig. 3.. Increase in the Ratio of Gross Foreign Exchange Reserves to GDP and the Ratio of PPP to Official Exchange Rate in 197-99, % Ratio of PPP to official exchange rate 1 1 1 1 Saudi Arabia Switzerland Kuwait Sweden Congo, Rep. Norway Denmark R =.811 Indonesia Guyana Nicaragua - - - - Increase in the ratio of gross foreign exchange reserves to GDP Ratio of official to PPP exchange rate, % 1 1 197 Fig. 3.. Ratio of Official to PPP Exchange Rate (LCU per $1) in 197-99 for Groups of Countries (unweighted average) Average developed 1977 1979 1981 1983 198 1987 1989 1991 1993 199 1997 1999 FAST RICH All countries Average developing FAST POOR 3
Fig. 3.. PPP GDP Per Capita in 1999 and the Ratio of Domestic to US Prices of Tradables and Nontradables in 1993, % Ratio of domestic to US prices of tradables and non-tradables, % 1 1 1 Cloth-dom/US Health-dom/US R =.8 1 R =.73 1 PPP GDP per capita in 1999, dollars Fig. 3.7. Increase in the Ratio of Gross International Reserves to GDP, p.p., and Average Ratio of Gross Capital Investment to GDP in 19-99, %, for... Countries Average ratio of gross capital investment to GDP 3 1 Gabon Algeria Congo,Rep. Sierra-Leone China (est.) Korea Philippines Guyana R =.133 - - Increase in the ratio of gross international reserves to GDP, p.p. 1 Fig. 3.8. Investment/GDP Ratio and Average Ratio of Foreign Trade to PPP GDP in 19-99 Export/GDP in 19-99 1 1 1 R =.139 Exp/GDP-av-99 Trade/PPPGDP-av-99 R =.11 3 1 Trade/GDP in 19-9i9 1 3 Investment/GDP ratio in 19-99 and in 19-99
Fig. 3.9. Increase in the Ratio of FOREX to GDP in 19-99 and Average Net inflows of FDI as a % of GDP in 19-99 Average annual net inflow of FDI as a % of GDP 8 - - R =.93 FDI in 19-99 FDI in 19-99 R =.8-1 - 1 3 7 Increase in the ratio of FOREX to GDP in 19-99, p.p. Fig. 3.. Reserves/GDP Ratios and GDP Per Capita Growth Rates for 1 Fastest Developing Economies in 197-99, Unweighted Average, % ("" is the year of take-off) 3 8 GDP growth rates (actual and -year moving average), left scale Reserves/GDP ratios, right scale - FDI inflow, % of GDP, left scale - - -3 - -1 1 3 7 8 9 11 1 13 1 1 1 17 18 19 1 3 1 - - -8 External balance, % of GDP, left scale
Fig. 3. 11. Average Real Exchange Rate Versus the US $ (Year 1 = %) in Fast Growing Developing Economies, Year "" Denotes the Point of Take-off 1 1 1 1 1 Botswana China India Korea, Rep. Mauritius Sri Lanka FAST POOR Egypt, Arab Rep. Indonesia Thailand - - -3 - -1 1 3 7 8 9 11 1 13 1 1 1 17 18 19 1 3 1 Fig. 3. 1. Average Real Exchange Rate Versus the US $ (Year 1 = %), Trade Balance and Net Inflow of FDI as a % of GDP in 1 Fast Growing Developing Economies, Year "" Denotes the Point of Take-off 1 1 1 RER, left scale FDI, right scale 1 1 1 - Trade balance, 3-year moving average, right scale - - - - -3 - -1 1 3 7 8 9 11 1 13 1 1 1 17 18 19 1 3-8