CAP CONTEXT INDICATORS 2014-2020 13. EMPLOYMENT BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY December 2014
CONTEXT INDICATOR 13: EMPLOYMENT BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Agriculture employed almost 10 million people in 2013 According to the Labour Force Survey, agriculture employed 9.8 million people in 2013, which represented 4.5% of total employment in the EU- 28 1. Romania and Poland alone accounted for 44% of the total number of persons employed in agriculture in Europe. In 2013, Romania, Greece, Poland and Croatia presented the highest share of employment in agriculture as a share of total employment. Both the employment in agriculture and its share in total employment decreased over the period 2008-2013. In absolute terms, the decrease represented nearly one million persons. The decline in the share of total employment is even more apparent in the EU-N13 (-2.0%) than in the EU-15 (-1.6%) and EU-28 (- 1.8%). As Graph 1 shows, the number of people employed in agriculture increased only in France, Hungary, Luxemburg and Estonia over the period 2008-2013. 1 For a comparison of data sources on agricultural labour, see http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rural-areaeconomics/briefs/pdf/08_en.pdf Graph 1 Annual change in the number of persons employed in agriculture, 2008-2013 1
The number of people working in forestry remained broadly stable over the period 2008-2013 in Europe Forestry employed 0.5 million people in 2013, which represented 0.2% of total employment in the EU-28. In Latvia, Finland and Slovakia, forestry had the highest share in total employment among the Member States. The share of employment in forestry was three times higher (0.6%) in the EU- N13 compared to the EU-28 average and only accounted for 0.1% in the EU-15. The number of people working in forestry remained broadly stable over the period 2008-2013 in Europe, decreasing by only 0.4% at EU-28 level. This is due to a decrease of employment in forestry in the EU-15 (- 2.4%), while the new Member States showed a slight increase (+1.6%). Germany, France, Poland, Spain and Italy employed nearly half of the total number of persons in the food industry The food industry employed nearly 5 million people in 2013, which represented 2.2 % of total employment in the EU-28. Germany had the largest number of employees in the food industry (0.9 million people) accounting for 20% of total employment in the sector in the EU-28 and 27% of the EU-15. Germany together with France, Poland, Spain and Italy employed approximately half of the total number of persons in this sector in the EU-28. As a share of total employment, the food industry in Croatia, Poland, Hungary and Greece presented the highest values in the EU. All Member States except Belgium, Italy, Slovakia, Hungary and Finland have seen a decrease in the number of persons employed in the food industry over the period 2008-2013. The loss was most significant in Bulgaria (annual rate of -6.6%) and Malta (-6.0%) In 2013 tourism employed approximately the same number of persons as the agricultural sector In 2013, tourism employed approximately the same number of people (9.7 million) as agriculture in the EU-28. Germany, Spain and Italy had the largest number of people working in this sector in Europe. The share of employment in tourism as a share of total employment shows a different picture. Malta took the lead (8.5%) followed by Cyprus (8.1%), Spain (7.8%) and Greece (7.2%). In absolute terms, the tourism sector gained 0.3 million persons in Europe over the period 2008-2013, which accounted for an annual growth of employment in tourism (0.7%) in the same period. At the two ends of the spectrum stood Romania with the highest average annual growth (+4.75%) and Greece with the biggest loss (- 3.7%) in the number of persons employed in tourism between 2008 and 2013. 2
Map 1 Employment in agriculture as % of total employment, 2013 Map 2 Employment in forestry as % of total employment, 2013 3
Map 3 Employment in the food industry as % of total employment, 2013 Map 4 Employment in tourism as % of total employment, 2013 4
Table 1 Employment by economic activity Table 2 Absolute change and average annual growth of employment by economic activity 2008-2013 5
Baseline indicator objective related Measurement of the indicator Definition of the indicator 2 Unit of measurement Source C.13 - Employment by economic activity Employment in agriculture, forestry, food industry and tourism The EU LFS is the main data source for the domain employment. The EU LFS is a large household sample survey providing quarterly results on labour participation of people aged 15 and over. Sectors in NACE rev.2: Agriculture = Crop and animal production, hunting and related activities (A01); Forestry = Forestry and logging (A02); Food industry = Manufacture of food products (C10) + Manufacture of beverages (C11) + Manufacture of tobacco products (C12); Tourism = Accommodation (I55) + Food and beverage service activities (I56). Age: 15 years or over (except for Spain and the United Kingdom where data corresponds to 16 years and over) Thousands of people employed and % of total employment Eurostat Labour Force Survey (Employment at regional level on special request to Eurostat) Last update: November 2014 2 New tables using NACE rev. 2 (which is the revised version of NACE rev. 1.1) have been included by Eurostat in the economic statistics. The table has been updated to include explanation of NACE rev. 2 divisions. 6