FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Investor Contact Media Contact Mark Feuerbach Ryan Flaim Innophos Sharon Merrill Associates 609-366-1204 617-542-5300 investor.relations@innophos.com iphs@investorrelations.com INNOPHOS HOLDINGS, INC. REPORTS SECOND-QUARTER 2017 RESULTS Q2 Revenue and Earnings Performance Exceeds Guidance Positive Volume Trends and Operational Excellence Achievements Position Innophos to Deliver Robust Second Half 2017 In Line with Full Year Guidance Innophos To Acquire Novel Ingredients To Create A Nearly $0.5 Billion Food, Health And Nutrition Platform Advancing Vision 2022 Growth Strategy CRANBURY, New Jersey (August 1, 2017) Innophos Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: IPHS) today announced its financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2017. In a separate press release, Innophos announced today that it has entered into a definitive merger agreement to acquire Novel Ingredients, a New Jersey-based provider of dietary supplement ingredient solutions. Highlights Q2 revenue and earnings performance exceeded expectations All segments showed positive year-over-year volume comparisons Delivered final $2 million of $16 million procurement savings pipeline from Phase 1 Operational Excellence initiatives H2 2017 on track to realize $5 million of the identified $13 million Phase 2 Operational Excellence cost savings in the areas of MRO, packaging and logistics Reiterates full year 2017 revenue and earnings guidance, excluding impact of Novel Ingredients acquisition The acquisition of Novel Ingredients will create a Food, Health and Nutrition (FHN) platform of nearly $0.5 billion in revenue representing 60% of total sales. The combined Company will benefit from leading, innovative technology; a broader and deeper product portfolio; and access to new market segments. Please see the Company s Novel Ingredients press release issued today for more details We delivered a very robust second quarter with top and bottom line results above our expectations, said Kim Ann Mink, Ph.D., Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. By remaining focused on cost savings from performance improvement initiatives, we grew margins
on a year-over-year basis despite continuing market pressure. As we transition into the second half of the year, we are encouraged by several recent developments, including improvements in sales volume. We are confident in our ability to deliver on a strong second half of the year and are reiterating our guidance, excluding the Novel Ingredients acquisition. Executing against our Operational Excellence and Commercial Excellence pillars remains paramount to our strategy, continued Mink. We now have completed our Phase 1 Operational Excellence efforts and are on schedule to begin delivering Phase 2 savings in the third quarter. We continue to look at additional opportunities to achieve further productivity improvements in 2018 and beyond, including in the areas of manufacturing optimization and strategic supply chain enhancements. Under the Strategic Growth pillar, we took a significant step forward toward achieving our Vision 2022 goals with our announced acquisition of Novel Ingredients, which creates a $0.5 billion FHN platform, continued Mink. With an enhanced set of innovative products and capabilities that serve high-growth nutrition markets, we are strengthening our ability to deliver value to our customers, more closely aligning Innophos with consumer mega-trends such as health and wellness, energized aging, and clean labels, and advancing toward our goal to be a leading specialty ingredient solutions provider to attractive FHN markets. Second Quarter Results Variance $ and Variance % in the following tables may not foot due to rounding $ Millions except EPS Quarter 2 2017 2016 Variance $ Variance % Sales 179 182 (3) (2)% Net Income 11 12 (1) (7)% Adj. Net Income 11 12 (1) (8)% EBITDA 28 28 -- (1)% Adj. EBITDA 30 30 -- -- Diluted EPS 0.57 0.61 (0.05) (8)% Adj. Diluted EPS 0.57 0.63 (0.05) (8)% Cash from Ops 30 45 (15) (33)% Free Cash Flow 23 35 (12) (35)% Q2 earnings performance exceeded guidance due to strong sales performance. Adjusted EBITDA of $30 million yielded a margin of 17%, up 18 basis points versus prior year. Sales volume was 3% higher year over year, with all segments recording positive variances, and up 8% sequentially. Operational Excellence initiatives continued to make a strong contribution with favorable input costs more than offsetting lower selling prices. Net income and EPS were adversely affected by a higher effective tax rate of 34% in the quarter from a strengthened Mexican peso and general inflation. Cash flow was positive with continued working capital improvements and a low capital expenditure run rate. Cash flow was down year over year due to higher working capital improvements in Q2 2016. Capex was down versus the prior-year quarter despite the strategic investment in the Geismar deep well, which represents approximately 30% of total quarterly spend.
Q2 Segment Financials Sales 2017 $ Millions 2016 $ Millions Variance $ Variance % FHN 92 95 (2) (3)% IS 67 72 (5) (6)% Other 20 15 4 28% Total Innophos 179 182 (3) (2)% Adj. EBITDA 2017 $ Millions 2016 $ Millions 2017 Margin 2016 Margin FHN 18 20 20% 22% IS 10 11 14% 15% Other 2 (1) 12% (8)% Total IPHS 30 30 17% 17% Note: See Adjusted EBITDA reconciliation to EBITDA in the financial tables that follow Sales volume was up across all segments compared with the prior-year quarter, offset by price erosion in line with expectations. FHN sales represented 51% of total Company sales. FHN Q2 EBITDA margins were strong at 20%, and improved 138 basis points sequentially. IS margins declined 78 basis points versus Q2 2016 due to lower average selling prices, partially offset by improved mix from product pruning and cost controls. Other margins were 12%, a significant improvement compared with negative 8% for the same period last year. Year-to-date Results Variance $ and Variance % in the following tables may not foot due to rounding $ Millions except EPS YTD Quarter 2 2017 2016 Variance $ Variance % Sales 345 371 (26) (7)% Net Income 22 25 (3) (11)% Adj. Net Income 23 25 (2) (9)% EBITDA 54 59 (5) (9)% Adj. EBITDA 58 61 (4) (6)% Diluted EPS 1.12 1.27 (0.15) (12)% Adj. Diluted EPS 1.16 1.28 (0.12) (9)% Cash from Ops 19 42 (23) (54)% Free Cash Flow 3 24 (21) (86)% YTD Sales variance improved sequentially by 540 basis points. H1 year-over-year comparisons were adversely affected by H2 2016 pruning actions management took on lower margin, less differentiated applications. Adjusted EBITDA margin was up 19 basis points versus the prior-year period due to savings from Phase 1 Operational Excellence initiatives. Average working capital improved by $30 million, or 16% versus prior year.
YTD Quarter 2 Segment Financials Sales 2017 $ Millions 2016 $ Millions Variance $ Variance % FHN 183 193 (10) (5)% IS 131 147 (15) (11)% Other 31 32 (1) (4)% Total Innophos 345 372 (26) (7)% Adj. EBITDA 2017 $ Millions 2016 $ Millions 2017 Margin 2016 Margin FHN 35 41 19% 21% IS 20 20 15% 14% Other 3 -- 11% -- Total IPHS 58 61 17% 16% Note: See Adjusted EBITDA reconciliation to EBITDA in the financial tables that follow FHN YTD sales were down 5%, primarily due to lower export sales to Health end-markets, which had an adverse effect on average selling prices and segment profitability. IS YTD sales were primarily affected by H2 2016 pruning actions, resulting in improved adjusted EBITDA margins. Other sales were essentially flat year over year, benefiting at the adjusted EBITDA level from the new tolling arrangement. Recent Trends and Outlook Q3 2017 Sales in Q3 are expected to be similar to the second quarter 2017, down approximately 4% year over year, but with an anticipated mix improvement towards FHN. Earnings in the third quarter are forecast to be positively affected sequentially by reduced implementation fees and first-time cost savings from Phase 2 operational excellence. Input costs are otherwise expected to be in line with second quarter 2017. The Company anticipates that the tax rate will be at the more normalized level of approximately 33% in the third quarter. Full Year 2017 The Company is reiterating its revenue and earnings guidance for full year 2017, excluding the impact of the Novel Ingredients acquisition. On a full-year basis, overall market conditions and the competitive landscape for 2017 are expected to be similar to 2016. The Company anticipates that the Phase 2 Operational Excellence fees incurred in the first half of the year will be more than offset by the Phase 2 savings, of which $5 million is estimated to take effect in the second half of 2017. As a result of these factors, the Company continues to expect full-year revenues to be down by approximately 4% compared with 2016. The Company further continues to expect full-year earnings to be broadly in line with 2016, reflecting the impact of management s focus on cost actions and productivity initiatives given the challenging market conditions.
Conference Call Innophos will host its second quarter 2017 conference call on Tuesday, August 1, 2017 at 9:00 am ET to discuss its earnings results and the Novel Ingredients acquisition. The call can be accessed by dialing 1-800-708-4539 (U.S.) or 1-847-619-6396 (international) and entering passcode 4532-6485. Please dial in approximately 15 minutes ahead of the start time to ensure timely entry to the call. The Q2 2017 earnings call presentation will be made available on the Company s website the morning of the call. A replay will be available between 11:30 am ET on August 1 and 11:59 pm ET on August 15, 2017. The replay is accessible by dialing 1-888-843-7419 (U.S.) or 1-630-652-3042 (international) and entering passcode 4532-6485#. Additional information on Innophos second quarter results can also be found on the Company s website. About the Company Innophos is a leading international producer of specialty ingredient solutions that deliver farreaching, versatile benefits for the food, health, nutrition and industrial markets. We leverage our expertise in the science and technology of blending and formulating phosphate, mineral and botanical based ingredients to help our customers offer products that are tasty, healthy, nutritious and economical. Headquartered in Cranbury, New Jersey, Innophos has manufacturing operations across the United States, in Canada, Mexico and China. For more information, please visit www.innophos.com. 'IPHS-G' SOURCE Innophos Holdings, Inc. ### Financial Tables Follow
Safe Harbor for Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements This press release contains or may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27a of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company intends these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for such statements. Statements made in this press release that relate to our future performance or future financial results or other future events (which may be identified by such terms as expect, estimate, anticipate, assume, believe, plan, intend, may, will, should, outlook, guidance, target, opportunity, potential or similar terms and variations or the negative thereof) are forward-looking statements, including the Company s expectations regarding the business environment and the Company s overall guidance regarding future performance and growth. These statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may materially differ from the expectations expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause the Company s actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to: (1) global macroeconomic conditions and trends; (2) the behavior of financial markets, including fluctuations in foreign currencies, interest rates and turmoil in capital markets; (3) changes in regulatory controls regarding tariffs, duties, taxes and income tax rates; (4) the Company s ability to implement and refine its Vision 2022; (5) the Company s ability to successfully identify and complete acquisitions in line with its Vision 2022 and effectively operate and integrate acquired businesses to realize the anticipated benefits of those acquisitions; (5) the Company s ability to realize expected cost savings and efficiencies from its performance improvement and other optimization initiatives; (6) the Company s ability to effectively compete in its markets, and to successfully develop new and competitive products that appeal to its customers; (7) changes in consumer preferences and demand for the Company s products or a decline in consumer confidence and spending; (8) the Company s ability to benefit from its investments in assets and human capital and the ability to complete projects successfully and on budget; (9) economic, regulatory and political risks associated with the Company s international operations, most notably Mexico and China; (10) volatility and increases in the price of raw materials, energy and transportation, and fluctuations in the quality and availability of raw materials and process aids; (11) the impact of a disruption in the Company s supply chain or its relationship with its suppliers; (12) the Company s ability to comply with, and the costs associated with compliance with, U.S. and foreign environmental protection laws; (13) the Company s ability to meet quality and regulatory standards in the various jurisdictions in which it has operations or conducts business and (14) the Company s ability to consummate the acquisition of Novel Ingredients and to achieve the benefits anticipated from such acquisition. We caution you to consider the important risks and other factors as set forth in the forward-looking statements section and in Item 1A Risk Factors in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by subsequent reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K. We do not undertake to update the forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that may arise after the date of the forward-looking statements.
Summary Profit & Loss Statement INNOPHOS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations (Unaudited) (Dollars In thousands, except per share amounts or share amounts) Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Net sales $179,140 $181,888 $345,084 $371,518 Cost of goods sold 140,064 145,738 269,465 294,652 Gross profit 39,076 36,150 75,619 76,866 Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative 19,867 15,732 39,175 33,967 Research & development expenses 818 1,021 1,648 2,017 Total operating expenses 20,685 16,753 40,823 35,984 Operating income 18,391 19,397 34,796 40,882 Interest expense, net 1,452 1,913 2,805 3,712 Foreign exchange loss (gain) (78) 355 (135) 316 Income before income taxes 17,017 17,129 32,126 36,854 Provision for income taxes 5,794 5,025 9,980 11,908 Net income $11,223 $12,104 $22,146 $24,946 Diluted Earnings Per Participating Share $0.57 $0.61 $1.12 $1.27 Diluted weighted average participating shares outstanding 19,692,690 19,613,807 19,693,682 19,521,960 Dividends paid per share of common stock $0.48 $0.48 $0.96 $0.96 Dividends declared per share of common stock $0.48 $0.48 $0.96 $0.96
Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation to Net Income (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Net Income $11,223 $12,104 $22,146 $24,946 Interest expense, net 1,452 1,913 2,805 3,712 Provision for income taxes 5,794 5,025 9,980 11,908 Depreciation & amortization 9,550 9,282 19,131 18,564 EBITDA 28,019 28,324 54,062 59,130 Adjustments Non-cash stock compensation * 1,568 1,292 2,285 1,826 Foreign exchange loss (gain) (78) 355 (135) 316 Severance/Restructuring expense (income) 326-1,326 (43) Adjusted EBITDA $29,835 $29,971 $57,538 $61,229 Percent of Sales 16.7% 16.5% 16.7% 16.5% * Not adjusted when calculating Adjusted EPS Adjusted Net Income Reconciliation to Net Income (Dollars in thousands, except EPS) Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Net Income (loss) $11,223 $12,104 $22,146 $24,946 Pre-tax Adjustments Foreign exchange loss (gain) (78) 355 (135) 316 Severance/Restructuring expense (income) 326-1,326 (43) Total Pre-tax Adjustments 248 355 1,191 273 Income tax effects on Adjustments 84 104 346 76 Adjusted Net Income $11,387 $12,355 $22,991 $25,143 Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Participating Share $0.57 $0.63 $1.16 $1.28 Segment Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation to EBITDA (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 FHN IS Other Total FHN IS Other Total EBITDA $17,032 $8,654 $2,333 $28,019 $19,744 $10,136 ($1,556) $28,324 Non-cash stock compensation 887 621 60 1,568 732 534 26 1,292 Foreign exchange loss (gain) (26) 0 (52) (78) 0 0 355 355 Severance/Restructuring exp.(inc.) 130 196 0 326 0 0 0 0 Adjusted EBITDA $18,023 $9,471 $2,341 $29,835 $20,476 $10,670 ($1,175) $29,971 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 FHN IS Other Total FHN IS Other Total EBITDA $32,656 $18,175 $3,231 $54,062 $39,677 $19,697 ($244) $59,130 Non-cash stock compensation 1,293 905 87 2,285 1,039 715 72 1,826 Foreign exchange loss (gain) (30) 0 (105) (135) 0 0 316 316 Severance/Restructuring exp.(inc.) 665 635 26 1,326 145 0 (188) (43) Adjusted EBITDA $34,584 $19,715 $3,239 $57,538 $40,861 $20,412 ($44) $61,229
Cash From Operations Reconciliation to EBITDA (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 EBITDA $28,019 $28,324 $54,062 $59,130 Operating Working Capital 7,840 24,987 (21,382) 13,701 Taxes paid (5,940) (6,425) (11,365) (26,443) Interest paid (1,380) (1,788) (2,685) (3,498) All other including non-cash stock compensation and changes in other 1,496 15 726 (851) long-term assets and liabilities Net cash provided from operations $30,035 $45,113 $19,356 $42,039 Cash From Operations Reconciliation to Adjusted EBITDA (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Adjusted EBITDA $29,835 $29,971 $57,538 $61,229 Operating Working Capital 7,592 24,632 (22,573) 13,428 Taxes paid (5,940) (6,425) (11,365) (26,443) Interest paid (1,380) (1,788) (2,685) (3,498) All other including changes in other long-term assets and liabilities (72) (1,277) (1,559) (2,677) Net cash provided from operations $30,035 $45,113 $19,356 $42,039 Free Cash Flow Reconciliation to Cash From Operations Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2017 2016 2017 2016 Cash From Operations $30,035 $45,113 $19,356 $42,039 Capital Expenditures (7,524) (10,514) (16,077) (18,538) Free Cash Flow $22,511 $34,599 $3,279 $23,501
Segment Reporting Second Quarter Three Months Ended June 30, Net Sales 2017 2016 % Change Segment Net Sales Food, Health and Nutrition $92,198 $94,662 (2.6)% Industrial Specialties 67,368 71,912 (6.3)% Other 19,574 15,314 27.8% Total $179,140 $181,888 (1.5)% Segment EBITDA Food, Health and Nutrition $17,032 $19,744 Industrial Specialties 8,654 10,136 Other 2,333 (1,556) Total $28,019 $28,324 Segment EBITDA % of net sales Food, Health and Nutrition 18.5% 20.9% Industrial Specialties 12.8% 14.1% Other 11.9% (10.2)% Total 15.6% 15.6% Depreciation and amortization expense Food, Health and Nutrition $5,498 $5,252 Industrial Specialties 3,486 3,538 Other 566 492 Total $9,550 $9,282
Segment Reporting Year-to-date Six Months Ended June 30, Net Sales 2017 2016 % Change Segment Net Sales Food, Health and Nutrition $183,281 $193,074 (5.1)% Industrial Specialties 131,040 146,467 (10.5)% Other 30,763 31,977 (3.8)% Total $345,084 $371,518 (7.1)% Segment EBITDA Food, Health and Nutrition $32,656 $39,677 Industrial Specialties 18,175 19,697 Other 3,231 (244) Total $54,062 $59,130 Segment EBITDA % of net sales Food, Health and Nutrition 17.8% 20.6% Industrial Specialties 13.9% 13.4% Other 10.5% (0.8)% Total 15.7% 15.9% Depreciation and amortization expense Food, Health and Nutrition $11,220 $10,043 Industrial Specialties 6,858 6,597 Other 1,053 1,924 Total $19,131 $18,564
Price / Volume The Company calculates pure selling price dollar variances as the selling price for the current year to date period minus the selling price for the prior year to date period, and then multiplies the resulting selling price difference by the prior year to date period volume. The current quarter selling price dollar variance is derived from the current quarter year to date selling price dollar variance less the previous quarter year to date selling price dollar variance. The selling price dollar variance is then divided by the prior period sales dollars to calculate the percentage change. Volume variance is calculated as the total sales variance minus the selling price variance and refers to the revenue effect of changes in tons sold at the relative prices applicable to the variation in tons, otherwise known as volume/mix. The following table illustrates the percentage changes in net sales by reportable segments compared with the same period of the prior year, including the effect of selling price and volume/mix changes upon revenue: Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Reportable Segments Price Volume/Mix Total Price Volume/Mix Total Food, Health and Nutrition (4.5)% 1.9% (2.6)% (3.7)% (1.4)% (5.1)% Industrial Specialties (6.5)% 0.2% (6.3)% (6.8)% (3.7)% (10.5)% Other (2.7)% 30.5% 27.8% (6.9)% 3.1% (3.8)% Total (5.1)% 3.6% (1.5)% (5.2)% (1.9)% (7.1)%
Summary Cash Flow Statement INNOPHOS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands) Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 Cash flows provided from operating activities Net income $22,146 $24,946 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 19,131 18,564 Amortization of deferred financing charges 215 337 Deferred income tax provision 14 363 Gain on sale of building (153) - Share-based compensation 2,285 1,301 Changes in assets and liabilities: Increase in accounts receivable (7,797) (5,302) Decrease in inventories 1,650 16,480 (Increase) decrease in other current assets (5,975) 5,947 (Decrease) increase in accounts payable (6,389) 2,328 Decrease in other current liabilities (2,688) (18,327) Changes in other long-term assets and liabilities (3,083) (4,598) Net cash provided from operating activities 19,356 42,039 Cash flows used for investing activities: Capital expenditures (16,077) (18,538) Proceeds from sale of building 1,028 - Net cash used for investing activities (15,049) (18,538) Cash flows used for financing activities: Proceeds from exercise of stock options - 9 Long-term debt borrowings 14,000 36,000 Long-term debt repayments (19,000) (19,002) Excess tax (deficiency) benefit from exercise of stock options - (331) Restricted stock forfeitures (738) (318) Dividends paid (18,722) (18,564) Net cash used for financing activities (24,460) (2,206) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 162 12 Net change in cash (19,991) 21,307 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 53,487 17,905 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $33,496 $39,212
Summary Balance Sheets INNOPHOS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Dollars In thousands) June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $33,496 $53,487 Accounts receivable, net 85,493 77,692 Inventories 126,652 128,295 Other current assets 30,090 23,894 Total current assets 275,731 283,368 Property, plant and equipment, net 206,683 205,459 Goodwill 84,373 84,373 Intangibles and other assets, net 64,889 69,811 Total assets $631,676 $643,011 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable, trade and other $45,458 $51,611 Other current liabilities 40,934 43,605 Total current liabilities 86,392 95,216 Long-term debt 180,000 185,000 Other long-term liabilities 14,139 15,569 Total stockholders equity 351,145 347,226 Total liabilities and stockholders equity $631,676 $643,011 Additional Information Net debt is a supplemental financial measure that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, US GAAP. The Company believes net debt is helpful in analyzing leverage and as a performance measure for purposes of presentation in this release. The Company defines net debt as total long-term debt (including any current portion) less cash and cash equivalents. Free cash flow is a supplemental financial measure that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, US GAAP. The Company believes free cash flow is helpful in analyzing the cash flow generating capability of the business and as a performance measure for purposes of presentation in this release. The Company defines free cash flow as net cash provided from operating activities plus cash used for capital expenditures. EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income and adjusted diluted EPS are supplemental financial measures that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, US GAAP. The Company believes EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are helpful in analyzing the cash flow generating capability of the business and as performance measures for purposes of presentation in this release.
Net Working Capital is a supplemental financial measure that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, US GAAP. The Company believes net working capital is helpful in analyzing the effects on the cash flow generating capability of the business and as a performance measure for purposes of presentation in this release. The Company defines net working capital as total current assets less cash less total current liabilities. Operating Working Capital is a supplemental financial measure that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, US GAAP. The Company believes operating working capital is helpful in analyzing the effects on the cash flow generating capability of the business and as a performance measure for purposes of presentation in this release. The Company defines operating working capital as net working capital less taxes less interest. Innophos is not able to provide a reconciliation of its 2022 expectation for Adjusted EBITDA margin to GAAP net income due to the number of variables in the projected EBITDA margin for 2022 and because we are currently unable to quantify accurately certain amounts that would be required to be included in GAAP net income or the individual adjustments for such reconciliation. In addition, we believe such reconciliation would imply a degree of precision that would be confusing or misleading to investors.