Donor Confidence Report Issue 9, February 2010

Similar documents
Donor Confidence Report Issue 20, December 2011

Giving, Volunteering & Participating

Session 2 Philanthropic Trends: Impact of High Net Worth, Gender, and Generational Trends on Giving and Volunteering

Saving and Investing Among High Income African-American and White Americans

2016 Retirement Confidence Survey

Hawai i Community Foundation

The new state of donation: Three decades of household giving to charity

The 2004 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating: NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR

The 2007 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating: ATLANTIC CANADA

Insights: Financial Capability. Gender, Generation and Financial Knowledge: A Six-Year Perspective. Women, Men and Financial Literacy

Economic Optimism Gains, But Current Ratings, Not So

17 th Annual Transamerica Retirement Survey Influences of Educational Attainment on Retirement Readiness

Giving, Volunteering & Participating

Segmentation Survey. Results of Quantitative Research

Attitudes towards New Zealand s financial markets. Investor confidence research May 2018

Research fundamentals

Pulse of Southern Maryland Fall 2016 Presidential Outlook

Heartland Monitor Poll XXII

Client Experience With Investment Call Centers 2011 Investment Call Center Satisfaction Survey

Boomers at Midlife. The AARP Life Stage Study. Wave 2

16 th Annual Transamerica Retirement Survey Influences of Generation on Retirement Readiness

Scottrade Financial Behavior Study. Scottrade Financial Behavior Study 1

William C. Dunkelberg Holly Wade SMALL BUSINESS OPTIMISM INDEX COMPONENTS

The Labor Force Participation Puzzle

10th Annual Transamerica Retirement Survey Full-Time & Part-Time Workers

17 th Annual Transamerica Retirement Survey Influences of Gender on Retirement Readiness

INTRODUCTION 1 1. RETIREMENT IN GERMANY 2 2. THE CHANGING NATURE OF RETIREMENT 2 3. THE STATE OF RETIREMENT READINESS 6

Retired Spouses. A National Survey of Adults Conducted for AARP The Magazine. November Retired Spouses: A National Survey of Adults 55-75

17 th Annual Transamerica Retirement Survey Influences of Ethnicity on Retirement Readiness

Trends. o The take-up rate (the A T A. workers. Both the. of workers covered by percent. in Between cent to 56.5 percent.

Canadian Mutual Fund Investor Survey. July,

Engagement Study February 2014

THE CAQ S EIGHTH ANNUAL. Main Street Investor Survey Focus on Weathering Risk

17 th Annual Transamerica Retirement Survey Influences of Generation on Retirement Readiness

2007 Minnesota Department of Revenue Taxpayer Satisfaction with the Filing Process

Results by Oversampled Audiences June 2014

The 2018 U.S. Trust Study of High Net Worth Philanthropy 1

TIAA-CREF Investing in You Survey Executive Summary. August 12, 2014

Extreme Engagement. And Other Trends that are Still Tracking Fall/Winter 2009

Giving, Volunteering & Participating

AMERICA AT HOME SURVEY American Attitudes on Homeownership, the Home-Buying Process, and the Impact of Student Loan Debt

2018 Report. July 2018

TEN PRICE CAP RESEARCH Summary Report

GEELONG BUSINESS TRENDS SURVEY 2016

SPECIAL REPORT. TD Economics THE WORRISOME DECLINE IN THE U.S. PARTICIPATION RATE

How America Saves Vanguard 2016 defined contribution plan data

Gas Prices Hurt, But it's Been Worse

Gain on Personal Finances Tug Confidence to 2009 High

Risk Tolerance Questionnaire

Health Care in America 2006 Survey

Canadian Mutual Fund Investors Perceptions of Mutual Funds and the Mutual Funds Industry. Report 2017

Survey of Residential Landlords

CITIZEN PERSPECTIVE Citizen Survey. Survey conducted by Prairie Research Associates May 2017

Adults in Their Late 30s Most Concerned More Americans Worry about Financing Retirement

Investment Company Institute and the Securities Industry Association. Equity Ownership

Consumer Sentiment Survey

EMPLOYEE OUTLOOK. Winter EMPLOYEE VIEWS ON WORKING LIFE FOCUS. Employee attitudes to pay and pensions

INTRODUCTION AEGON GERMANY REPRESENTATIVE 1 1. RETIREMENT IN GERMANY 2 2. THE CHANGING NATURE OF RETIREMENT 2 3. THE STATE OF RETIREMENT READINESS 6

PPI ALERT November 2011

MoneyMinded in the Philippines Impact Report 2013 PUBLISHED AUGUST 2014

A Compendium of Findings About American Employers 15 th Annual Transamerica Retirement Survey. April 2015 TCRS

Vermont Department of Financial Regulation Insurance Division 2014 Vermont Household Health Insurance Survey Initial Findings

CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web

Results of the 56th Opinion Survey on the General Public's Views and Behavior (December 2013 Survey)

HOW AMERICA SAVES Vanguard 2017 defined contribution plan data

Marriage and Money. January 2018

The Cornell Retirement and Well-Being Study. Final Report 2000

The Morning Call / Muhlenberg College Institute of Public Opinion THE 2009 LEHIGH VALLEY QUALITY OF LIFE SURVEY KEY FINDINGS REPORT

MULTIFAMILY INDUSTRY Leaders Survey

CIMA salary survey 2009 South Africa

OPTIMISM BOUNDLESS. Minnesota s manufacturers forecast record growth and profitability. By Rob Autry

And the Survey Says: We Want a Positive Clinical AND Financial Experience

Britain s Brexit hopes, fears and expectations

2016 Retirement preparedness survey findings

Heartland Monitor Poll XXI

Health Insurance Coverage in the District of Columbia

EBRI EMPLOYEE BENEFIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Health and retirement security research

Health Insurance Authority A review of Private Health Insurance in Ireland PM

Generosity in Canada: Trends in Personal Gifts and Charitable Donations Over Three Decades, 1969 to 1997: A Report Summary

NORTHWEST AREA FOUNDATION SOCIAL INDICATORS SURVEY

The Impact of the Recession on Employment-Based Health Coverage

2018 FUNDRAISING OUTLOOK. A synopsis of America s donation habits and trends for the future

Sector Monitor David Lasby, MPhil, Director, Research Cathy Barr, PhD, Senior Vice-president

The Province of Prince Edward Island Employment Trends and Data Poverty Reduction Action Plan Backgrounder

UBS Investor Watch. Analyzing investor sentiment and behavior / 2Q Couples and money. Who decides? a b

Health Status, Health Insurance, and Health Services Utilization: 2001

The Federal Budget: Sources of the Movement from Surplus to Deficit

The Financial Capability of Young Adults A Generational View

The contribution and benefit preferences of active members of the Ontario Teachers Pension Plan

Public Says a Secure Job Is the Ticket to the Middle Class

Two Points from its Low, Confidence Looks Like 92

Sixth Annual Transamerica Center for Health Studies Employers Survey: U.S. Businesses Remain Committed to Employee Healthcare Benefits

MYOB Australian Small Business Survey

New Low for Personal Finances; Overall Confidence Comes Close

Issue Brief. Salary Reduction Plans and Individual Saving for Retirement EBRI EMPLOYEE BENEFIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Two Weeks Before the Election Confidence is a Point from its Low

Why Measure Health Security? Health Security Index Methodology

Nonrandom Selection in the HRS Social Security Earnings Sample

Women in the Egyptian Labor Market An Analysis of Developments from 1988 to 2006

Transcription:

Donor Confidence Report Issue 9, ruary 2010 The results in this Donor Confidence Report are drawn from an ongoing survey of donor attitudes about giving by Campbell Rinker. The sample size for the ruary 2010 poll is 506. Details about the study methodology, audience may be found on the final page of this report. Donor Confidence Inches Higher Campbell Rinker s overall Donor Confidence Index (DCI) now stands at 88.4, posting a marginal increase of 1.1 points since the ember poll. The benchmark of for the Index was established in ruary 2008. The Index takes into account donors selfreported expectations about their giving, their view of the nonprofit sector, the nation s economic health, and several other factors. The performance of the Index within various sectors is shown in the table below, ranked by the change since ember with the overall Index listed first. 2-Mo Chg Overall 88.2 90.3 87.0 87.5 87.3 88.4 1.1 Int'l Relief and Development 88.9 90.3 92.2 88.7 90.3 93.7 3.4 Environmental 88.3 90.9 82.9 79.2 86.4 89.1 2.7 Political and Advocacy 90.8 93.0 85.6 91.5 87.7 90.1 2.4 Faith-based 92.9 87.0 90.1 92.2 93.1 94.9 1.8 Animal Rights 85.3 91.9 87.2 87.0 85.2 86.8 1.6 Place of Worship Arts, Culture and Humanities Hospitals & Hosp. Fnd. 89.4 90.4 88.6 91.6 90.7 91.1 0.4 89.1 93.2 83.3 91.9 91.3 91.7 0.4 87.8 89.7 87.9 85.6 89.0 89.3-0.3 Education 88.9 91.2 87.9 90.9 89.7 88.5-1.2 Social Service 90.0 89.1 87.9 86.7 90.8 89.3-1.5 Health and Medical 86.4 91.0 86.2 88.5 91.3 87.8-3.5 The Index has risen among donors to seven of the individual nonprofit sectors Campbell Rinker measures, while four have fallen. Positive or negative opinions from any single donor will impact the Index for all sectors they have supported. 125 75 50 25 '08 85.4 '08 Analysis 84.7 '08 87.5 88.2 90.3 87.0 87.5 87.3 88.4 In this poll, conducted on March 3-5, 2010, individual American donors appear to be holding their collective breath. The slight gain in the Index over the ember poll does little to reassure the nonprofits that donors are feeling more confident in the new decade. By and large, the tepid pace of economic recovery combined with a renewed push by national leadership for record levels of federal spending seem to have donors playing a waiting game. (Note that while this report is being published after the President signed $987 billion in health care legislation, the poll occurred before Congress cast the final vote). Donors are quite unsure of how these factors might play out over the long haul, and they respond with uncertainty about their future giving. Only 52% of donors in this poll who gave less in 2009 than in 2008 fully expect their giving to return to previous levels; one in ten say no, and 38% are unsure. One third of donors age 66+ expect their giving will never go back to 2008 levels. The DCI peaked in e 09 at a level of 90.3 after its inception in ober, 08. '10

Donor Confidence Report ruary 2010, p. 2 Donor Confidence by Demographics Once again, men exhibit a slightly higher level of donor confidence than women. Currently, the Index among men stands at 89.7, three points higher than the Index of 86.8 among women. Only in ember 09 have we found women to be more confident than men. with an index of 89.1, while Boomers have the worst outlook with an Index of 86.3. 125 75-09 -09-09 -10 96.1 87.1 92.9 87.586.088.1 89.1 96.3 86.2 88.4 86.3 85.0 125-09 -09-09 -10 50 25 87.7 89.6 86.7 89.7 86.3 85.0 88.0 86.8 0 75 Gen X and Y Boomers Pre-Boomers 50 25 0 Male Female Giving households earning $,000+ annually continue to post a significantly higher confidence Index compared to households with lower income levels. The score for these donors is now 93.9, over nine points higher than the Index among those earning $50,000- $74,999 annually. Strikingly, both the annual income groups under $50,000 generate higher Index scores than these middle income earners. 125-09 -09-09 -10 Likelihood for Consistent Giving from 09 to 10 Rises Campbell Rinker asked U.S. donors whether they expected to give the same amount, more, or less in 2010 compared with 2009. Nearly half of all donors, 49%, expect to give the same amount this year as in 2009, and 30% expect to give less (in some category). This is a five percent shift from less to same category compared to the ember poll, a move that drives some of the strong sector level improvements in the Index noted on the previous page. (In ember, 44% expected to give the same amount and 35% planned to give less). 94.293.693.9 90.8 85.9 82.9 85.6 88.1 89.0 91.9 88.6 87.8 85.1 84.2 86.9 88.287.3 84.1 82.4 81.4 75 Expected 2010 Giving (ruary 2010) 49% 50 < $35,000 $35,000 - <$50,000 $50,000 - <$75,000 $75,000 - <$,000 $,000 + 18% 12% 5% 1% 1% 4% Pre-boomers continue to exhibit very high confidence levels. As of ruary, this group has a Confidence Index of 96.3. Donors in Generation X and Y are much less optimistic None at all than half as much but at least half as much amount Up to 50% more Over 50% more but less than double Twice as much or more Unsure

Donor Confidence Report ruary 2010, p. 3 Donors who Plan to Give Still Cite Economy as Cause Approximately three in four donors who plan to give less in 2010 (73%) knock the economy as the reason. Just four percent plan to give less as a result of anything related to the nonprofit sector. Reasons for Donating in 2010 level of dissatisfaction is more acute among older respondents, where none of the respondents report that they are satisfied regardless of political affiliation. 1 38% Satisfied with Country's Direction 18% 40% 19% 3 Yes Somewhat No 13% 11% 9% 38% 39% 40% 73% 31% 35% 38% 40% 42% 43% 1% 3% Something related to a particular charity The condition of the charitable sector in general The condition of the economy in general Nonprofit Approval Stays High 23% Some other reason Similar to what we ve seen in previous months, 5 of those polled rate their satisfaction with U.S. charities as either excellent or good. Satisfaction with U.S. Charities (ruary 2010) 5% 4% 4% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Today, more than six in ten donors are dissatisfied with the political system at the national level, spiking nearly ten percent since ember. This is also the lowest satisfaction rating since ember of 2008, and is undoubtedly influenced by news reports concerning action on health care reform taking place in Congress. Yes Satisfied with National Politics Somewhat No 15% 13% 13% 11% 8% 4% 35% 32% 35% 29% 35% 45% 46% 51% 50% 51% 62% 52% An excellent job A good job A fair job A poor job Unsure -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Satisfaction with Direction of Country, Politics Erodes Further The proportion of donors dissatisfied with the country s direction has risen by another percentage point since ember 2009 to 43%. The percentage of donors who are satisfied with the country s direction is at its lowest point since President Obama took office. The Expectations for Economic Gains The percentage of donors who expect the economy to remain the same throughout 2010 increased from 3 in ember to 39% now, reinforcing the impression that American donors remain cautious about the economy.

Donor Confidence Report ruary 2010, p. 4 Unsure Economy Expected in Next Twelve Months Improve Stay the same line 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% Unexpected Expenses Negative effect No effect Positive effect 32% 42% 43% 26% 44% 34% 34% 3 39% 49% 50% 4 46% 51% 49% 41% 45% 2% 2% 2% 2% 29% 26% 18% 18% 22% 21% e ust ober ember -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Since il 09, a 95% majority has consistently indicated they believe the economy will require one or more years to improve. 56% 5% When Will Economy Improve? 39% 3 55% 43% 50% 8% 40% 38% 41% 53% 54% Longer than two years One or two years Six months to a year 54% 8% 5% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Unexpected Expenses and Lost Income Delay Giving Unexpected expenses and changes in household income continue to have the greatest negative effect on giving. Nine in 20 donors (45%) say unexpected expenses have a negative impact on their giving, while four in ten (41%) say their household income has negatively impacted their giving. Household Income 50% 48% 45% 45% 4 44% 44% 43% 40% 41% Negative effect No effect Positive effect 8% e ust ober ember ruary 8% In this edition of the Donor Confidence poll, 62% of donors report being employed full-time in one or more jobs, 13% are retired, 10% are employed part-time in one or more jobs, five percent are unemployed, and five percent are homemakers. Few were disabled or reported themselves in other categories. Spotlights Campbell Rinker asked donors to indicate which of 11 nonprofit sectors they had supported in the last year. Within these results, ratings from one donor may contribute to the DCI in more than one of the nonprofit sectors highlighted below. Animal rights, protection, and training Arts, culture, and humanities Educational institutions and programs Environmental protection and preservation Faith-based charities, excluding places of worship Health and medical charities International relief, education, and sponsorship Not-for-profit hospitals and hospital foundations Places of worship Political organizations Social service organizations

Donor Confidence Report ruary 2010, p. 5 Animal Rights & Protection In ruary, the DCI among donors to Animal Rights charities rose by 1.6 points. This increase marks a rebound for this group from a low in ember. '10 Animal Rights 85.3 91.9 87.2 87.0 85.2 86.8 6-mo Avg. 87.6 88.0 88.1 88.7 86.5 86.3 Expected Giving to Arts & Culture 10% 10% 10% 43% 40% 48% 4 32% 39% 12% 12% 10% 4 49% 51% 35% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Expected Giving to Animal Rights 21% 14% 46% 56% 1 52% 29% 2 24% 20% 25% 56% 41% 51% 22% 18% 31% 26% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Educational Institutions & Programs The DCI for Educational Institutions dropped further by 1.2 points in ruary to 88.5. This poll marks the second straight decline in this sector. Education 88.9 91.2 87.9 90.9 89.7 88.5 6-mo Avg. 88.4 89.0 89.3 90.0 89.5 89.7 As of ruary 2010, less than two in ten donors (18%), plan to give more to Animal Rights organizations. A majority (51%) now say they plan to donate the same amount to this sector as last year an increase of 10%. Expected Giving to Education 3% 16% 12% 12% 5 52% 58% 65% 53% 12% 10% 65% Arts, Culture, and Humanities The DCI among Arts donors has remained fairly constant over the past six months, varying between 91.3 and 91.9. This group s Index score currently stands at 91.7. '10 Arts & Culture 89.1 93.2 83.3 91.9 91.3 91.7 6-mo Avg. 88.7 89.0 88.5 89.5 88.8 91.6 Expected giving to Arts and Culture has seen little movement over the last six months. One in three donors to this sector (), still plan to give less this year, while a majority of 51% plans to give the same amount as in 2009. 28% 25% 26% 26% 29% 21% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Two in three Education donors plan to donate the same amount in 2010 as they did in 2009. Two in ten, 21%, plan to give less and 10% plan to give more. Environmental Protection The Index for donors to Environmental organizations has made additional gains since ember, rising by 2.7 points.

Donor Confidence Report ruary 2010, p. 6 Environmental 88.3 90.9 82.9 79.2 86.4 89.1 6-mo Avg. 88.4 87.8 87.4 84.3 82.8 84.9 Expected Faith-based Giving 14% 16% 15% 15% 16% 11% Expected giving to Environmental charities also shows signs of improvement. While 46% had plans to give less in than they gave in 08, just 21% now say they will give less to this sector in 2010 compared to. Another 20% plan to give more. The proportion of donors expecting to give the same this year as last is now at its highest mark ever for this sector. Expected Giving to Environmental 19% 45% 45% 46% 2 12% 16% 35% 13% 1 40% 34% 45% 46% 20% 53% 21% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 55% 2 61% 59% 19% 23% 65% 5 65% 1 22% 19% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Health and Medical Charities The DCI for Health and Medical charities has fallen by 3.5 points since ember. This is the largest decline for any sector in this edition of the poll, though the less volatile six-month rolling average for this sector shows a slight rising trend. Health and Medical 86.4 91.0 86.2 88.5 91.3 87.8 6-mo. Avg. 87.3 87.8 87.9 88.6 88.7 89.2 Faith-based Charities The Confidence Index among donors to Faithbased charities has risen by 1.8 points since ember, and currently stands at 94.9. Once again, donors to this sector continue to display the most positive outlook of any sector. Faith-based 92.9 87.0 90.1 92.2 93.1 94.9 6-mo. Avg. 92.1 90.1 90.0 89.8 91.8 93.4 Approximately two in three Faith-based donors say they will give the same amount in 2010 as in 2009. A solid majority of six in ten donors (61%), say they will give the same amount to Health and Medical charities this year. One in four (25%) plan to give less a positive nine percentage point decline from ember 09, when 34% indicated plans to give less. Expected Giving to Health & Medical 10% 6% 51% 52% 48% 32% 38% 9% 9% 48% 54% 34% 61% 25% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10

Donor Confidence Report ruary 2010, p. 7 Hospitals & Hospital Foundations Donor confidence among givers to Hospitals and their Foundations increased slightly over the past two months, up 0.3 points since ember. Hospitals 87.8 89.7 87.9 85.6 89.0 89.3 6-mo. Avg. 88.4 89.0 88.5 87.7 87.5 88.0 Expected International Relief Giving 16% 13% 1 11% 43% 45% 45% 50% 49% 3 38% 30% 19% 49% 26% Similar to results for Health and Medical charities, the proportion planning to give less to this sector has dropped by six percent (from in ember to 2 today). 64% 2 Expected Giving to Hospitals 5% 8% 5% 59% 63% 26% 26% 2% 56% 51% 8% 9% 56% 2-09 -09-09 -09-09 -10 Int l Relief & Sponsorship The Index for International Relief and Development donors has increased by 3.4 points since the end of last year. -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 In ruary, 26% plan to give less to this sector, while 19% plan to give more. Places of Worship Confidence among donors to places of worship is holding mostly steady at 91.1. This Index score represents a 0.4 point increase from ember. Places of Worship 89.4 90.4 88.6 91.6 90.7 91.1 6-mo. Avg. 90.4 90.0 89.5 90.2 90.3 91.1 Since ruary 2009, a consistent 22-23% of donors plan to donate more to this sector this year compared to last. Six in ten say they will give the same in 2010 as in 2009. Giving to Places of Worship Int'l Relief and Development 88.9 90.3 92.2 88.7 90.3 93.7 6-mo. Avg. 91.8 89.5 90.5 90.4 90.4 90.9 23% 23% 23% 53% 55% 58% 22% 26% 22% 58% 55% 60% While confidence tends to track higher in this sector compared to others, donor expectations fluctuate widely from one poll to the next. 20% 18% 16% 19% 18% 16% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Political & Advocacy The Donor Confidence Index for Political and Advocacy groups is another sector that

Donor Confidence Report ruary 2010, p. 8 experiences frequent fluctuations. The score for this group rose by 2.4 points in ruary. Political and Advocacy 90.8 93.0 85.6 91.5 87.7 90.1 6-mo. Avg. 88.4 89.6 89.8 90.0 88.3 89.8 About one in three political donors, 35%, plan to give the same amount to this sector this year as last. This sector consistently contains the highest percentage of donors who plan to give less this year compared to last year. In an encouraging sign, the proportion of donors who say they plan to give more to this sector this year has doubled from 4% to 9% - since il, 2009. 4% 51% Expected Political Giving 4% 9% 35% 32% 30% 52% 5 5% 9% 26% 63% 39% 35% 46% 44% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Social Service The DCI for Social Service donors decreased by 1.5 points this month to 89.3. Despite this drop, the Index for social service nonprofits shows a fairly consistent trend. Social Svcs 90.0 89.1 87.9 86.7 90.8 89.3 6-mo. Avg. 88.9 88.6 89.0 87.9 88.5 88.9 Currently, 51% of Social Service donors expect to donate the same amount to this sector as last year. One in ten, 11%, plan to donate more. Expected Giving to Social Service 10% 11% 13% 50% 36% 53% 4 28% 34% 8% 4 41% 14% 11% 50% 51% 30% 35% -09-09 -09-09 -09-10 Methodology The Benchmark study that forms the basis for the Donor Confidence report was conducted as part of Campbell Rinker s ongoing DonorPulse survey in ruary 2008. This hybrid study of 3,312 US donors included 29% of respondent households from random telephone calling and the balance from an Internet panel reflecting national demographics. To qualify to take the survey, responding households must have made a charitable contribution in 2007. Respondents were required to be at least 18 years old. Of the 3,312 responding donors, 726 self-identified as Christian and 85 selfidentified as adherents to non-christian faiths. This Donor Confidence Report poll was conducted March 3-5, 2010 among 506 Internet respondents who had responded to the original ruary 2008 questionnaire. The Donor Confidence Index is computed at the respondent level using an algorithm developed by Campbell Rinker that takes into account a donor s propensity to give again, their opinions and attitudes about the condition of the country, the nonprofit sector, their economic outlook and their ongoing engagement in giving. The scores presented in this report represent a true longitudinal view of donors in ruary 2010 compared to the same pool of donors in previous reports. Fewer respondents answered some questions. The following table summarizes the estimate of error at the 95% confidence level at various sample sizes. Sample Size Estimate of Error 85 ±10.6% ±9.8% 200 ±6.9% 300 ±5. 500 ±4.4% The information contained in this publication is for information purposes only. Campbell Rinker does not provide financial advice. While the material in this publication is based on responses from actual donors, Campbell Rinker does not make any recommendation or endorsement as to any course of action, plan, or advice which might be taken or given as a result of this information.