SOCIAL POLICY AND SOCIAL PROTECTION SECTION EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION. Working Paper

Progress in the national response to Orphans and other Vulnerable Children in sub-saharan Africa: The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round WORKING PAPER Summary Report August 2008 unite for children

SOCIAL POLICY AND SOCIAL PROTECTION SECTION EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION Working Paper Progress in the national response to Orphans and other Vulnerable Children in sub-saharan Africa: The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round Summary Report Summary Report The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report 3

Saharan Africa: The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF), Social Policy and Social Protection Section, Nairobi, Kenya, 2008 Design and Layout: Makau Ngola Cover Photo: UNICEF/ HQ93-2043/Cindy Andrew Social Policy and Social Protection Section Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office United Nations Complex Gigiri, Nairobi P.O. Box 44145-00100 Nairobi, Kenya August, 2008 This document has not been professionally copy edited 4 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction.......................................................................6 2. Methodology......................................................................6 3. Results...........................................................................7 3.1 Overall summary scores 2004-2007...................................................7 3.2 Regional summary scores 2004-2007.................................................8 3.3 Overall analysis of components, 2004-2007............................................10 3.4 Detailed analysis by component.....................................................12 3.4.1 National situation analysis........................................................13 3.4.2 Consultative process............................................................12 3.4.3 Coordination mechanism.........................................................13 3.4.4 National action plans............................................................14 3.4.5 Policy........................................................................15 3.4.6 Legislative review...............................................................15 3.4.7 Monitoring and evaluation........................................................16 3.4.8 Resource Mobilization...........................................................17 4. Conclusions......................................................................18 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report 5

1. Introduction The OVC Policy and Planning Effort Index (OPPEI) was developed by UNICEF, USAID and the Futures Group to measure the response by countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to the crisis facing orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC) as a result of the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The Index is a core composite indicator in the Guide to monitoring and evaluating the national response to orphans and vulnerable children (UNICEF 2005).It is one of 10 core indicators recommended to countries by UNAIDS to monitor the implementation of their national response for OVC (UNICEF, 2005). Specifically, the index assesses how countries are progressing with the implementation of eight components that are required to create an enabling environment for an appropriate scaled up response at country level. These eight components of the response are national situation analysis of OVC; consultative processes; coordinating mechanisms; national action plans; policy; legislative review; monitoring and evaluation and resources. The Index was first administered to 36 sub-saharan countries in 2004 1. A revised index was administered to 35 sub-saharan countries in late 2007 (see Table 1). The present report provides an analysis of the results from this latest round of the Index and reviews progress made in effort since 2004. 2. Methodology The survey was conducted in thirty-five countries in sub-saharan Africa during the period October 2007- May 2008. Thirty-two countries from the 2004 round were included as well as Kenya, Botswana and Angola. The countries that implemented the survey in 2007 are shown in the table below. Countries participating in the 2007 Round Region West Africa Central Africa Country Burkina Faso, Cap Vert, Côte D Ivoire, Gambie, Ghana, Guinée, Guinée Bissau, Libéria, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Sénégal, Sierra Léone Cameroon, CAR, Chad, Congo, DRC, Gabon East Africa Southern Africa Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe 1 2004 Round countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic (CAR), Chad, Congo, Cote D Ivoire, DRC, Ethiopia, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Togo Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. 6 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report

3. Results 3.1 Overall summary scores 2004-2007 The results of the analysis of the OPPEI in 35 countries are shown in Figure 1a below. The overall effort score for sub-saharan Africa in 2007 is 59 points out a possible 100 (59%). Overall, the result represents an increase of 10 points from that of 2004 and reinforces the findings of a recent report commissioned by the Inter-Agency Task Team (IATT) on Children and AIDS Working Group on National Plans of Action that the combined efforts of governments, international organizations, civil society, local communities and the private sector since 2004 has made a difference and delivered results for children 2. Yet the results also reveal that much more must be done and that progress towards ensuring effective responses for OVC must be accelerated with a collective sense of urgency. Figure 1a: OPPEI score by region 2004-2007 80 70 Index of effort 60 50 40 30 45 56 63 64 35 47 54 69 49 50 2004 2007 20 10 0 West Africa East Africa Central Africa Southern Africa Sub - Saharan Africa In general, the overall regional average scores mirror HIV prevalence rates with regions with high HIV prevalence rates (ESAR), scoring higher in effort scores than regions with low HIV prevalence rates (WCAR). Disaggregated by sub-region, the countries in Southern Africa have on average the highest score with 69 points, followed by East Africa with 64 points. Countries in the Southern Africa region have improved the most since 2004. Although countries in the West and Central Africa regions have significantly improved their average effort scores compared to 2004, they still score below the sub-saharan average. Scores for individual countries range from a low of 35%% (DRC) to a high of 87% (Mali). Mali has seen increased attention to and investment in the situation of children over the past three years by both government and non-government actors, resulting in significantly improved scores from 28% in 2004. 2 Inter-Agency Task Team (IATT) on Children and AIDS Working Group on National Plans of Action (2008) National responses for children affected by AIDS: Review of progress and lessons learned The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report 7

3.2 Regional summary scores 2004-2007 3.2.1 Southern Africa The results of the analysis of the OPPEI in Southern Africa are shown in Figure 2a below. Scores range from 51% (Botswana) to 81% (South Africa). Although the effort index scores for 2007 for all countries reflect an improvement from those of 2004, Zambia has made the most significant improvement from a score of 29 in 2004 to 79 in 2007 reflecting the robust efforts made in Zambia across all eight components for an effective national response to OVC. Other notable improvements are those of Mozambique, due to improved policy environment and legislative framework and Lesotho due to improved coordination mechanisms for OVC, development of a national action plan and strengthened policy environment. Figure 2a: Total OPPEI scores in countries in the Southern Africa region, 2004-2007 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 51 50 40 62 41 65 69 65 73 73 76 72 63 76 29 79 69 91 2004 2007 0 South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe Namibia Swaziland Lesotho Mozambique Malawi Angola Botswana 3.2.2. East Africa The results of the analysis of the OPPEI in the East African region are shown in Figure 2b below. Scores range from 55% (Kenya) to 77% (Uganda). The Index scores for all countries reflect an improvement from those of 2004 with the exception of Rwanda, which registered a decline due to lower scores in coordination mechanisms, policy and legislative review components. Uganda has made the most significant improvement from a score of 65 in 2004 to 77 in 2007, followed by Tanzania. Figure 2b: Total OPPEI scores in countries in the East Africa region, 2004-2007 90 80 70 79 77 Index Effort 60 50 40 30 20 55 57 56 65 59 55 65 66 65 2004 2007 10 0 Kenya Ethiopia Burundi Tanzania Rwanda Uganda Countries 8 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report

3.2.3 West Africa The results of the analysis of the OPPEI in the West African region are shown in Figure 2c below. Scores range from 40% (Sierra Leone) to 87% (Mali). Figure 2c: Total OPPEI scores in countries in the West Africa region, 2004-2007 100 90 80 87 Index Effort 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 31 64 40 42 39 47 22 47 26 47 72 50 77 53 25 51 38 58 63 62 68 67 52 78 28 2004 2007 0 Mali Burkina Faso Cote D'Ivoire Guinea Mauritania Senegal Gambia Ghana Guinea Bissau Cape Verde Niger Liberia Sierra Leone Countries Mali has made the most significant improvement from a score of 28 in 2004 to 87 in 2007. This is due to the increased attention paid to children and resources given by the Government of Mali and stakeholders since 2004 particularly focusing on strengthening coordination mechanisms, the development of a national plan of action and improvements in the policy and legislative environment. Other notable improvements in this region are those of Burkina Faso, Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde. In contrast, Gambia, Ghana and Liberia have registered a decline in effort scores 3. 3.2.4 Central Africa The results of the analysis of the OPPEI in the Central African region are shown in Figure 2d below. Scores range from 35% in the DRC to 58% in the Central Africa Republic. Cameroon has made the most significant improvement in effort scores due to improved consultative processes, monitoring and evaluation and increased resources., The Democratic Republic of Congo has registered a decline in effort scores, while Gabon s has remained the same 4. 3 The declines experienced in the Gambia, Ghana and Liberia are likely due to a change in methodology used to complete the index in 2007, rather than due to a change in effort scores per se. 4 The declines experienced in the DRC are likely due to a change in methodology used to complete the index in 2007, rather than due to a change in effort scores per se. The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report 9

Figure 2d: Total OPPEI scores in countries in the Central Africa region, 2004-2007 70 Index Effort 60 50 40 30 20 48 35 26 37 45 45 27 49 44 55 47 58 2004 2007 10 0 DRC Chad Gabon Cameroon Congo CAR Countries 3.3 Overall analysis of components, 2004-2007 The average scores by the different components: national situation analysis; consultative process; coordinating mechanism; national action plans; policy; legislative review; monitoring and evaluation and resource mobilization are presented in Figure 3a below. The possible scores for each of the different components are between 0 and 100 with a minimum of zero indicating no effort and maximum of 100 for the best possible effort. National situation analysis has the highest score (75/100), followed by three components that score between 60 and 70 points: national action plans (68/100), consultative process (63/100) and coordination mechanism (63/100). Policy (53/100), monitoring and evaluation (50/100), legislative review (48/100) and resources (48/100) score significantly lower between 48 and 53 points (see figure 3a below). With the exception of national situation analysis, the components with the four lowest scores (coordination mechanisms, policy, legislative review and monitoring and evaluation) remain the same in rank as those in the 2004 round even though they have been improvements in the average score for these components in the 2007 round. The greatest improvements appear for national situation analysis, legislative review, policy and national action planning. The increase in national situation analysis and national action planning reflects the particular efforts by countries in West and Central Africa since the last index in 2004 in understanding the situation of OVC in their countries and in developing national plans of action that respond appropriately to these situations. 10 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report

Figure 3a: Total OPPEI by component scores, 2004-2007 Ressources 48 55 monitoring and evaluation legislative review 33 33 49 50 policy 40 53 national action plans coordinating mechanism 53 58 63 68 2004 2007 consultative process 66 63 national situation analysis 51 75 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Index of effort (%) The average scores by components for the four sub-regions are presented in Figure 3b below. The countries in Southern Africa have on average the highest score on all components with the exception of coordination mechanisms and legislative review, where the countries in East Africa have higher rates. All four subregions show a similar pattern of effort by component, the only deviation from this general pattern is the lower levels of legislative review in Southern Africa. Figure 3b: OPPEI score by component and sub-region, 2007 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 West africa Central africa East africa Southern Africa 20 10 0 Resources Monitoring and evaluation Legislativereview Policy National action plans Coordinating mechanism Consultative process National situation analysis The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report 11

3.4 Detailed analysis by component The OPPEI questionnaire contains 134 specific questions (items). These questions address specific activities within the eight components discussed in the preceding sections. As some of the specific activities are implemented by more countries than others, it is important to analyze the specific responses to these activities in more detail. 3.4.1 National situation analysis National situation analysis received the highest score (75%). More than 94% of the countries (33 out of 35) have conducted research into the situation of OVC that at least includes estimates of numbers and location, the reasons for their vulnerability and the challenges faced. Given that in 2004 only 16 countries, had conducted such research, this represents a significant improvement. A major limitation of the situation analyses noted is that of quality, where 40% of countries did not consider the situation assessment useful, largely because they are perceived as outdated. It is therefore pleasing to note that 72% of these countries (24 out of 33) have specific plans to update the study within the next year. It will be important for those countries planning to update their situation analysis, to consider the use of more robust methodologies and tools developed by various stakeholders to better understand the needs of OVC, and to review, plan, match and prioritize their national responses to meet these needs. The employment of such methods and tools will lead to a considerable improvement in the quality of the situation analysis conducted. Quality such that situation assessment is considered 'useful' 60 Specific plans to update study within the next year 72 Conducted research into situation of OVC 91 Situation assement conducted 94 3.4.2 Consultative process 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent of countries (%) Consultative process received the third highest score (66 out of a possible 100). Over 88% (compared to 80% in 2004) of countries have a structure with representatives from all major stakeholders that meet regularly to consider children. Over 86% (compared to 80% in 2004) have held a national meeting of stakeholders to formally discuss the situation of orphans and other children made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS. There however remains much scope for improvement as only 41% (14 out of 35) of countries considered current stakeholder involvement and participation in consultative processes as good. 12 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report

Figure 4b: Progress in involving key stakeholders in national response for OVC, 35 countries in sub-saharan Africa, 2007 Staakelolder participation in consultative processes considered 'good' 41 National meeting organised to discuss situation of OVC 86 Structure with representation from all stakeholders meets regularly 88 3.4.3 Coordination mechanism 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent of contries (%) Coordinating mechanism ranked fourth with a summary score of 63% (an improvement of 10% from 2004). Over 88% (31 out of 35) of countries have formally established mechanisms to coordinate national action for orphans and other children made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS. Ninety three percent (93%) of these bodies have a constitution or terms of reference. Seventy four percent (74%) of these bodies have met within the last 3 months. Figure 4c: Progress in establishing a mechanism to coordinate the national response, 35 countries in sub-saharan Africa, 2007 Coordination ins considered 'effective' 35 Body has med within the last 3 months 74 Formal body established to coordinate national action Body has constitution or terms of reference 88 93 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent of countries (%) However, consistently noted in many of the comments provided in the Index is the limited institutional capacity of the authorities (primarily ministries or departments of social welfare) to guide and coordinate the national action for OVC, including alignment of all implementers, as well as overall managerial capacity. In addition, it is noted in commentary that sub-national coordination of national action for OVC remained a significant challenge. It is therefore not surprising that only 12 out of 35 countries (35%) considered existing coordination mechanisms as effective. This is problematic since the lack of effective and efficient coordination mechanisms among stakeholders working at country level leads to duplication and concentration of efforts in a few areas. The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report 13

3.4.4 National action plans Well-elaborated national action plans are prerequisite for successful implementation of interventions focused on OVC. National action plans received the second highest summary score (68 out of 100). 29 out of 35 countries (82%) have a national plan of action that either focuses explicitly on orphans or is inclusive of all children compared to over 50% in 2004. Over 92% of countries have integrated OVC into national AIDS plans, while 62% have integrated OVC issues into national development plans (NDPs) or poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs). There remains much scope for countries to integrate OVC issues into PRSPs and NDPs. Figure 4d: Progress in developing a national plan of action for OVC, 35 countries in sub- Saharan Africa, 2007 Ressource allocation by gout for NAP percelved as 'adequate' Gout commitment to taking action on OVC considered 'good' 4 42 OVC intergrated into PRSPs/NDP 62 NAP for OVC exists Plan provides straegy and dear timeline to reach OVC OVC intergrated inton national AIDS plans Plan industries estimate of costs 82 88 92 92 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent of countries (%) It is acknowledged that the development of these national action plans have elevated commitment, broadened the response and increased stakeholder engagement. However, national action plans have not served as genuinely strategic tools for guiding and prioritizing national action for OVC for a number of reasons: Firstly, resource allocation by national governments to support their implementation has been very limited, with only 4% of countries noting that the resources allocated are sufficient. Secondly, although the development of these plans have elevated commitment, only 42% of countries expressed positive sentiments relating to their government s commitment to take action on OVC. Thirdly, whilst over 92% of national action plans include estimates of costs, it is acknowledged that a majority of these plans are unrealistically costed (on the high side), limiting their utility as tools for resource mobilization and government budget allocation. Fourth, monitoring and evaluation frameworks for these plans are essential yet only 37% of countries report having monitoring and evaluation frameworks to monitor the implementation of the national action plans. Fifth, it was noted in commentary that some of the national action plans are all encompassing and do not prioritize and only 40% of these plans specify actors and responsibilities required to realize their strategic vision. Finally, a number of these national action plans (especially in West and Central Africa) are still in draft form or are yet to be launched by their respective governments and as such have yet to be utilized. As noted above, this is likely to be a result of other competing priorities. 14 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report

3.4.5 Policy Policy ranked fifth overall (compared to sixth in 2004) with 53 out of a possible 100 points. In only fifteen of the thirty-five countries, (42%) has the government adopted a specific policy on OVC or it is the view of respondents that existing general policies cover the needs of OVC sufficiently. Seventy five percent of these 15 countries have an inter-ministerial structure in place to oversee policy implementation. Sixty percent of the countries consider existing policy or policies adequate in creating a supportive environment for effective programming for OVC. Eight countries note that their policies are still in draft form, have stalled at draft stage or are yet to be approved by government. In addition, some of these policies are generally outdated and do not reflect new developments and evidence-based approaches. Figure 4e: Progress in the development of a policy for OVC, 35 countries in sub-saharan Africa, 2007 Policy on OVC extists or considered covered by general policy on all children 42 Policy considered' good' in creting supportive environnement effective programme 60 Interministerial structure to oversee policy 75 3.4.6 Legislative review 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent of countries (%) Legislative review is the lowest ranked component with 48 out of a possible 100 points (48%). It was similarly ranked in the 2004 round. Twenty out of thirty-five countries (57%) have enacted legislation specifically to protect orphans compared to 36% in 2004 5.Three countries reported that their legislation is still in draft form, has stalled at draft stage or is yet to be approved by parliament. In 90% of the countries that have enacted legislation, the laws include protection from all forms of violence and abuse, all forms of exploitation, loss of inheritance and stigma and discrimination. In total 62% of these countries have created mechanisms to enforce these laws. However, as figure 4f below indicates, only 27% of countries reported having the resources to enforce these laws. Consequently, only 14% of countries reported that current legislation to protect OVC was considered as good. 5 Whilst, the enactment of legislation specifically for orphans is commended, it is generally accepted that it is much more appropriate and effective to enact inclusive legislation that seeks to provide protection for all children including orphans and other children made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS. The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report 15

Figure 4f: Progress in reviewing and updating the legal framework related to OVC, 35 countries in sub-saharan Africa, 2007 Protection of OVC legislation is considered 'good' 14 Resources to fully enforcelzws are available 27 Laws enacted specificaly to protect OVC Mechanisms to enforme laws created 57 62 3.4.7 Monitoring and evaluation 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent of countries (%) Monitoring and evaluation ranks sixth overall with 50 out of a possible 100 points (50%). In only eight out 35 countries (22%) is a single organization mandated to conduct national M&E on OVC national responses and 66% of countries (23 out of 35) have an estimate of coverage of services for OVC. Figure 4g: Progress in conducting monitoring and evaluation of the national response to OVC, 35 countries in sub-saharan Africa, 2007 Single agency mandated to conduct national M & E ON OVC Single agency madated to conduct national M & E OVC 22 22 National M & E framework en OVC exists Gavr interventions for OVC monitored & evaluated nationally 37 48 Non-govt intervention for OVC monitored and evaluated nationally Estimate on coverage or services for OVC is available 51 68 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent of countries (%) In just over half of these countries (51%), non-government interventions for OVC are being monitored and evaluated, while only 48% of countries reported that government interventions are being monitored and evaluated. Data is seldom used to support policy, program and strategic decisions, as only 5% of countries reported good utilization of monitoring and evaluation in policy formulation and program planning and 37% reporting the existence of national M&E framework on OVC. The main underlying cause reported is the insufficient capacity of national monitoring and evaluation (M&E) programmes. Almost all countries with mandated national agencies for M&E for OVC noted that they are insufficiently staffed, lack specific technical expertise to identify and aggregate available data, and adequately coordinate and manage new data col- 16 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report

lection among the multiple partners involved in M&E for OVC. Most importantly, there is a lack of capacity to synthesize the information that is collected for strategic decision-making and accountability. In addition, systems for dissemination of such strategic information are not developed as only four countries (11%) report that they conduct annual M&E review and re-planning that incorporates all relevant shareholders and includes an appropriate and transparent forum for disseminating all monitoring and evaluation data on OVC. 3.4.8 Resource Mobilization Resource mobilization ranked last and tied with Legislative review. The summary score for the entire region is 48 out of a possible 100 points (48%). Seventy seven percent of countries (27 out of 35) reported that the government was actively soliciting funds for OVC from the international community and that it was making serious efforts in supporting NGOs in their fundraising efforts. Over half (57%) of the governments were actually providing funds to NGOs for programmes for OVC (20 out of 35). Sixty percent of countries (21 out 35) reported that expenditures for OVC are made in terms of an overall policy or plan. This is surprising in light of the fact that 82% of them have national action plans so one would expect the same number of countries with action plans to expend resources for OVC based on that plan or policy. Figure 4h: Progress in resource mobilization for the national response to OVC, 35 countries in sub-saharan Africa, 2007 Ressources to support the national response to OVC considered 'adequate' Govt provides funds to NGOs Expenditure en OVC made in terms of overall policy or plan 6 57 60 Govt supports NGOs in fundrasing 77 20 40 60 80 100 Percent of countries (%) It is evident that there are generally inadequate resources to support the national response to OVC, with only 6% (2 out 35) of countries reporting that they have adequate resources from all funding sources to finance the national response to OVC. This perception of inadequacy of resources is more marked among countries in West and Central Africa than among those in East and Southern Africa where (with the exception of Nigeria and Cote D Ivoire) national plans of action have not generated the resources hoped for, and existing investments for the national response to HIV and AIDS have not prioritized OVC. The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report 17

4. Conclusions Overall, the OPP Effort Index shows that progress is evident since 2004 in national responses to OVC across every region and across every component reflecting a return on the investments in financial and technical resources made to date. However, as the analysis shows, this progress is uneven and there remains considerable room for improvement in all countries and across all components. The overall effort score for sub-saharan Africa in 2007 is 59 out of a possible 100 (59%) an increase of 10 points from that of 2004. By region, the countries in Southern and Eastern Africa have on average the highest score (69% and 64% respectively). West and Central Africa score below the sub-saharan average (56 and 47 respectively). Scores for individual countries range from 35% in DRC to 87% in Mali. Overall scores mirror HIV prevalence rates, with regions with high prevalence rates such as Southern Africa, scoring higher on average in effort scores than in regions with low prevalence rates such as West and Central Africa. Generally, in comparison with the 2004 round, the 2007 index results show that progress is evident across every sub-region and across all eight components of the index reflecting a return on the investments in financial and technical resources made since then. However this progress is uneven and there remains considerable room for improvement in all countries and across all components. The components with the highest scores and with the greatest improvements between 2004 and 2007 are national situation analyses, consultative processes, coordination mechanisms and national action planning. Much progress has been made in establishing coordination mechanisms and in the organization of national consultations to discuss the situation of children. However, the limited effectiveness of these coordination mechanisms remains of concern and requires attention as a lack of clear and effective coordination mechanisms among stakeholders working at country level leads to duplication and a concentration of efforts in few areas. In addition, there remains scope to develop decentralised coordination mechanisms. The fact that a significant majority of countries have now developed national plans of action for OVC and have integrated OVC into national AIDS plans, national development plans or poverty reduction strategies is commendable. However, additional efforts are required to improve these national action plans to ensure that they are prioritised, results focused, evidence based and accurately costed. Monitoring and evaluation, legislative review, policy and resources are the components in which the least progress has occurred since 2004. With the exception of the resources component, these same components were identified in the 2004 round of the Index as areas of weakness and in which greater effort was required. There has been limited progress in enforcing legislation that protects children. Just ten countries reported to have the resources to enforce legislation, largely due to a lack of adequate resources (both human and financial). Monitoring and evaluation remains a challenge as well. It is widely acknowledged that monitoring and evaluation is essential to establishing performance indicators; detecting and addressing problems in the implementation of national responses; providing early evidence of the effectiveness of national responses and communicating in a transparent and objective manner, the efforts being made to mitigate the impact of HIV and AIDS among OVC. It is therefore imperative that greater efforts are made to fund and strengthen national monitoring and evaluation systems. 18 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report

ANNEX The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report 19

Annex B. Detailed OPPEI Scores by country 2004-2007 Total index score NSA CP CM NPA Policy Legislation M & E Resources Country 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 Benin 55 73 0 46 13 20 7 68 35 Burkina Faso 86 90 66 90 69 60 49 87 34 87 20 72 49 82 45 56 52 78 Cape Verde 0 75 55 35 0 30 46 60 8 65 0 40 7 36 58 36 22 47 Cote D'Ivoire 90 80 100 80 100 70 100 75 13 71 68 43 14 70 60 46 68 67 Gambia 86 86 80 80 84 40 49 57 90 8 78 30 78 71 70 51 77 53 Ghana 86 57 100 37 100 60 49 76 13 33 78 59 93 62 58 20 72 50 Guinea 82 76 86 85 80 70 49 61 53 44 40 55 51 60 68 46 63 62 Guinea Bissau 20 33 55 63 10 80 23 50 33 25 0 30 2 47 68 48 26 47 Liberia 49 90 78 80 90 45 48 47 80 42 57 0 54 5 58 25 64 42 Mali 33 100 68 90 20 90 26 97 4 90 24 73 5 77 45 78 28 87 Mauritania 53 65 53 40 20 90 46 75 43 25 10 63 12 55 65 51 38 58 Niger 17 58 63 53 69 55 84 80 13 33 0 33 12 14 55 46 39 47 Nigeria 14 86 79 66 0 47 7 68 46 Senegal 28 78 0 80 59 20 42 63 28 42 10 30 25 36 10 59 25 51 Sierra Leone 0 30 38 17 0 60 33 43 38 17 30 63 40 48 65 44 31 40 Togo 70 90 54 49 13 32 2 10 40 West Africa 48 71 68 64 52 59 50 67 30 45 32 45 29 51 54 47 45 56 Cameroon 33 68 28 45 60 65 36 30 8 25 18 30 5 77 25 54 27 49 CAR 8 75 68 75 20 80 97 59 68 33 30 68 14 36 70 38 47 58 Chad 86 86 28 28 0 0 26 26 24 63 0 55 0 18 48 20 26 37 Congo 13 86 51 37 84 50 65 75 73 65 0 20 17 63 48 41 44 55 DRC 59 45 72 70 20 50 59 38 58 25 20 20 46 18 48 17 48 35 Equatorial Guinea 8 0 0 10 24 10 7 53 14 Gabon 82 78 78 65 30 20 81 64 13 52 0 49 24 5 55 29 45 45 NSA: National Situation Analysis of OVC; CP: consultative processes; CM: coordinating mechanism; NPA: National Plan of Action; Policy ; Legislation ; M & E: monitoring & evaluation 20 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round - A Summary Report

Detailed OPPEI Scores by country 2004-2007 - Continued Total index NSA CP CM NPA Policy Legislation M & E Resources score Country 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 2004 2007 Central Africa 41 73 46 53 31 44 53 49 34 44 11 40 16 36 49 33 35 47 Burundi 38 75 48 75 69 75 75 95 34 65 68 20 59 72 78 44 59 65 Ethiopia 59 62 72 85 59 85 72 53 30 17 61 66 12 27 90 53 57 56 Kenya 65 55 70 73 65 30 35 44 55 Rwanda 46 82 96 75 73 50 97 84 86 78 85 65 93 40 60 55 79 66 Tanzania 82 86 63 70 69 85 69 77 43 17 30 65 40 62 45 60 55 65 Uganda 90 90 90 85 73 90 90 85 78 87 30 80 37 62 35 40 65 77 East Africa 63 77 74 74 69 76 81 78 54 55 55 54 48 49 62 49 63 64 Botswana 63 30 20 88 33 30 71 70 51 Lesotho 73 86 72 75 38 70 46 69 4 87 20 20 10 53 45 55 38 65 Malawi 8 76 59 47 73 70 26 72 73 81 30 20 66 62 55 70 49 62 Mozambique 53 86 49 60 64 75 59 77 4 55 10 72 43 40 48 60 41 65 Namibia 76 86 90 80 84 75 91 87 82 84 65 68 42 70 55 59 73 76 South Africa 72 72 80 90 59 70 94 84 38 90 71 96 61 60 80 83 69 81 Swaziland 90 82 90 90 73 85 90 87 43 62 45 30 78 75 65 75 72 73 Zambia 17 100 0 90 64 85 36 80 13 90 24 65 19 65 60 60 29 79 Zimbabwe 70 86 59 82 63 80 80 84 66 72 47 72 49 80 70 49 63 76 Angola 72 80 90 73 28 30 47 44 58 Southern Africa 57 81 62 72 65 72 65 80 40 68 39 50 46 62 50 63 54 69 Sub-Saharan Africa 52 75 63 66 54 63 62 68 40 53 34 48 35 50 54 NSA: national situation analysis of OVC; CP: consultative processes; CM: coordinating mechanism; NPA: National Plan of Action; Policy ; Legislation ; M & E: monitoring & evaluation The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round - A Summary Report 21

22 The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round - A Summary Report

The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round - A Summary Report 23

For More Information, please contact: Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office United Nations Complex Gigiri, Nairobi P.O. Box 44145-00100 Nairobi, Kenya E-mail: unicefesaro@unicef.org Website: http://www.unicef.org The OVC Policy and Planning Effort index (OPPEI) 2007 Round A Summary Report