The Philippine Experience in the development and use of Listahanan National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR)
Outline of the Presentation Listahanan and its Objectives Listahanan 2 Project Cycle Proxy Means Test Households for On-Demand Application Various Use Cases for Listahanan Challenge
Project Cycle Phase 2: Data Collection and Analysis Listahanan is conducted every four (4) years. 2019 is another enumeration year. Phase 1: Preparatory Phase Phase 4: Report s Generation Phase Phase 3: Validation and Finalization Phase
What is Listahanan? Listahanan is an Information Management system that identifies who and where the poor are. Listahanan uses the Proxy Means Test (PMT) to estimate household income. The output of the system is a national list of the poor household.
Why Listahanan? Formulate a uniform set of criteria for identifying poor families in the country. Ensure that benefits are given only to those who are deserving. Improve the design of social protection programs. Legal Bases Dept. Order No. 1, s. 2008 National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) Resolution No. 18, s. 2009 Executive Order 867, s. 2010
Listahanan 2 Assessment Process URBAN RURAL to generate HH estimated income
Quality Control in terms of data collection & encoding Data Collection Assessments were conducted inside the house. Numbered stickers were posted on the front of the house as proof of assessment. Supervision ratio was 1 is to 5. Area Supervisors reviewed FAFs and conducted 5 re-interviews of households assessed by their enumerators. Encoding Mobile and computer encoding applications (offline and online) with validation routines and duplicate checker were used to ensure quality of data. Hired verifiers to check the accuracy of data encoded and transmitted to the server
Household Assessment & Encoding
Data Validation and Finalization Phase 1. Posting of the initial list of poor households for validation 2. Conduct of validation and ondemand application 3. Complaints and appeals resolution by Local Verification Committee 4. Finalization of List
Proxy Means Test PMT is a statistical model that estimates HOUSEHOLD INCOME based on non-income, non-food, non-cash variables such as educational attainment of household members, housing materials, and employment, among others. In preparation for the 2 nd round of assessment, the DSWD enhanced the PMT to reduce the exclusion and inclusion error rates and sharpen the poverty targeting methodology.
How did we identify poor households using the PMT? We estimated the household s per capita income based on data from various non-income variables collected from the family assessment form. + + =
How does PMT work? We classified households to poor & non-poor using the per capita poverty threshold as reference and comparing with estimated household income derived from the PMT. = P12,500.00 NON-POOR = P10,500.00 Poverty threshold P10,969.00 = P8,500.00 POOR
Listahanan: from the perspective of the People and Politicians People No reaction at first (conduct of Listahanan 1) Overwhelmingly received (conduct of Listahanan 2) Politicians Varied reaction (some supports it, other don t) Others questions its validity In all of these, DSWD s message is clear: fair means of identifying who are the poor! No political bias, same yardstick for all where ever you are in the country
Quick Fact: Listahanan 2015 Title Total number of Household enumerated Total Number of Poor Household Total Number of HH in the Philippines Result 15.1 Million (1 st round) 15.2M after on Demand Assessment 5.1M poor HH Approximately 20M
Various Use Cases The many uses for Listahanan data
Program/Project Design and Development How many? Where are they? Who are they? Developing Program and Projects for Social Protection
Listahanan was used in identifying beneficiaries of Social Protection Programs like the 4Ps. (Philippine version of Conditional Cash Transfer)
How DSWD used the Listahanan Registry Set 6 Set 5 Set 4 Set 3 How did it help? 1.Prioritizing 2.Clustering 3.Identifying Set 2 SET 1
Application of Lessons Learned Reactive and Proactive use cases
Listahanan Database Making predictions on the impact of potential disaster events as well as key to the preparation of humanitarian response using mathematical theories, scientific processes, and spatial technologies based on current and historical data
Set 6 Set 5 Set 4 Set 3 How did it help? 1.Prioritizing 2.Clustering 3.Identifying Set 2 SET 1
Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) Listahanan was extensively used in designing programs Disaster response phase Food for work program Early recovery phase cash for work program Clean up operation https:maps.dswd.gov.ph
Food for Work (immediate assistance) In the early days of the relief assistance, when banks and other shops are still closed, hose in the Listahanan Registry are offered an opportunity to work for food. They help clear the streets, DSWD and other agencies lend them tools for the clearing operations
Modality of cash assistance After a week or two, when banks resumes operation and shops start operations, DSWD and other development partners offered cash for work program Combination of all available modalities (direct payout, vouchers, cash cards, etc). Maximum utilization of cash cards and other related technology or bank or financial products intended for quick and mass-based cash distribution.
Other Government Programs using Listahanan Database Listahanan was used in the implementation of Universal Health Program of the Department of Health and PhilHealth. Currently, the Department of Higher Education is tapping in on the Listahanan Database in identifying who will be the beneficiaries of the government scholarship program for this school year Department of Finance is using the Registry in the Unconditional Cash Transfer Progra
Listahanan and the Unconditional Cash Transfer Program Tax Reform Initiative by the Department of Finance (DOF) aims at improving the overall competitiveness of the Philippines in terms of Foreign Direct Investment. DOF expects a small increase in inflation during the implementation of the proposed Tax Reform Packages To protect the poor Household, DOF and DSWD conceptualized a targeted Unconditional Cash Transfer Program. Provide cash grants as buffer to the expected inflationary increase in the prices of basic commodities. Makes use of Listahanan 2015 for targeting.
Listahanan 2015 made it possible Title Total number of Household enumerated Total Number of Poor Household Total Number of HH in the Philippines Result 15.1 Million (1 st round) 15.2M after on Demand Assessment 5.1M poor HH Approximately 20M
Major Challenge Most urgent concern
Queuing Up for Relief Assistance
Challenge There are many, but the most difficult is dealing with Duplicates Response A bigger and better database: the Phillipine ID system a biometric enabled registry designed to be a foundational ID primarily aimed at eliminating duplicates
Closing In terms of DSWD s experience, Listahanan (registry of the poor household) allowed us to proactively plan and adapt to various emerging social protection scenarios Our social registry readily gives us these three very important information 1. how many are they? 2. who are they? 3. where are they?
THANK YOU! Noel M. Macalalad Assistant Secretary, Policy and Plans Group Department of Social Welfare and Development Philippines Email: nmmacalalad@dswd.gov.ph Disaster Response Map: https://maps.dswd.gov.ph