Volume 5, Issue 11 (November, 2016) Online ISSN-2277-1166 Published by: Abhinav Publication Abhinav National Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANIES IN INDIA Bhagwan Dass Research Scholar Himachal Pradesh University Shimla, India Email: bdasskga@gmail.com Dr. Kuldeep Kumar Attri Professor Himachal Pradesh University Shimla, India Email- kuldeepkumar.attri@gmail.com ABSTRACT Indian life insurance sector was nationalized by the govt. of India in the year 1956 with the existence of Life Insurance Corporation of India (L.I.C.) as Public Sector Company and afterwards L.I.C. enjoyed the monopoly for more than four decades in the Indian life insurance segment. Under economic reforms process Indian life insurance sector was opened to the private players in the year 2000 under the supervision and control of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (I.R.D.A.). Foreign promoters can hold the 26 percent equity in the Indian life insurance companies. Now at present govt. of India has raised this limit to 49 percent and foreign promoters can hold 49 percent equity in the life insurance company. Today, Public and Private life insurance companies doing insurance business in the Indian life insurance sector, competing with each other and providing numbers of protection and saving plans to the Indian customers. In the present research paper an attempt has been made to study the comparative evaluation of public and private life insurance companies in India. Comparative evaluation will disclose the growth of each life insurance company operating in the life insurance industry after liberalization. Ultimately the savings mobilisation of rural and urban masses by the public and private life insurance companies plays pivotal role in the overall balanced economic progress of the nation. Keywords: L.I.C, IRDA. INTRODUCTION The economy of India had under gone various significant policy shifts in the beginning of the year 1991. This model of economic reforms, commonly known as Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization and also adopted by the govt. of India. The primary objective of this model was to make the Indian economy fast growing with the world economy. To make the Indian economy fast growing in the world, the reforms process started with regards to business, manufacturing, financial institutions, and services sector. Indian life insurance sector was opened to the private players in the year 2000 and there was no monopoly of Life Insurance Corporation of India (L.I.C.) as Public Sector Company in the Indian life insurance sector. Now days public and private life insurance players are providing attractive protection and saving plans to the Indian customers which were lacked earlier in the insurance market due to the long monopoly of the Life Insurance Corporation of India in this market. This development is helping in the growth of Indian life insurance sector in a significant manner Available online on www.abhinavjournal.com 12
REVIEW OF LITERATURE Patil Kallinath, S. (2002) in his study found that various new products were introduced by LIC of India to attract the consumers. It was found that coverage of insurance in agricultural labour is very low and the insurance with low premiums with more risk were preferred by the people. He concluded that insurance business is mainly focused to the urban areas and the rural people are still waiting for the insurance companies to cover them.. Radha Krishna, G. (2005) disclose that the Tata AIA private company has come up with a multichannel distribution strategy in insurance sector which includes bancassuranc, corporate agents, financial advisors and financial services consultants to taps the insurance potential of the country. Shukla, A.K. (2006) reveals that India happens to be the first country in world to launch the independent insurance regulator exclusively for pension sector. The insurance industry and researchers and community has to come together to take these pensions reforms forward. He summarised with the great dictum in the Rig-Veda Let nobles idea comes to us from every side. Basavanthappa, C. and Rajanalkar Laxman (2009) explain that the private insurance companies have made their required presence and over the years achieved remarkable growth and progress in the life insurance sector. There is a big opportunities to these companies in the Indian Life insurance industry and healthy competition in the life insurance sector would be beneficial to the needed public of the country at large. N, Kannan. (2010) explains that insurance act was implemented in India in the year 1938 and IRDA Act in 1999 is controlling authority over the LIC Act 1956 and concluded that India has vast insurance potential and most of the area is untapped so there is a tremendous scope of growth of the insurance sector Dr. Sonika Chaudhary and Priti Kiran. (2011) explained that Life insurance Corporation of India came in to existence after nationalization of all 245 insurance providing companies. However the govt. of India made a paradigm shift in the economic policy by adopting LPG policy in 1999 and insurance and regulatory development authority established under IRDA act to regulate the insurance business in the country. Authors concluded that the insurance companies are launching various innovative plans according to the need and requirements of the customers. Shri George Pascal Osta. (2012) quoted the historical statement made by the then united national secretary General on 29 th December 2003 that The stark reality is that most of the poor people in the world still lack access to sustainable financial services, whether it is saving, credit or insurance. The great challenge before us to address the constraints that exclude people from full participation in the insurance sector. Being a market leader L.I.C. will have to take the major responsibility, however others can not shy away from their role.. Dr. P,Raja Babu.(2013) concluded that by increase in the population, expansion in private sector life insurance companies reached to 23 in numbers and insurance density as a premium to population from 7.60 to 52.70 percent and the contribution of the private sector in gross domestic saving rose up to 9.5 percent it creates a strong foundation for the development of life insurance industry in India.. Bidyadhar Pandhi. (2013) reveals that in the year 2000, the insurance sector was liberalized and insurance development authority was set up. Author concluded that the business of most of the private companies has been increased significantly in the first ten years. The overall performance of all the private insurance companies was satisfactory and they need to continue this pace to penetrate the Indian rural and urban insurance market. Nirjhar Majumdar. (2014) explains that the life insurance industry has tremendous growth potential in India. About 75% of the insurable population is still uninsured. Those who are insured are mostly under insured. So insurers are trying hard in recruiting talent form the various sources to capture the VOL. 5, ISSUE 11 (November 2016) 13
huge insurance market. He concluded that the companies with most satisfied customers are also the companies with most satisfied and productive employees. OBJECTIVES 1. To study the business performance of public and private Life Insurance Company operating in India. 2. To evaluate the comparative performance of public and private life insurance companies in India. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In the present study secondary data for 05 financial years i.e. 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 is used and analysed from the annual reports of the public and private life insurance companies. For the comparative evaluation tools and techniques like percentage and compound annual growth rate has been applied. In comparative evaluation only quantitative data has been used and analyzed qualitative aspect is not taken in consideration becomes the limitation of the present study. Comparative business performance of public and private life insurance companies operating in India. For comparative evaluation the key insurance business parameters i.e. premium earned, commission paid by life insurance companies, operating expenses, claims paid and investments of public and private life insurance companies are taken in to consideration Table 1: Premium Earned by public and private life insurance companies of India (Fig. in crores) LIC 186077.31 203473.40 202889.28 208803.58 236798.07 % growth - 9.34-0.28 2.91 13.40 6.21 BSLI 5505.66 5677.07 5885.36 5216.30 4833.05 % Growth - 3.11 3.66-11.36-7.34-3.2 ICICI PRU 16531.38 17880.63 14021.58 13538.24 12428.64 % Growth - 8.16-21.58-3.44-8.19-6.88 EXIDE 1642.65 1708.95 1679.98 1742.36 1830.67 % Growth - 4.03-1.69 3.71 5.06 2.74 HDFC STD 7005.10 9004.17 10202.40 11322.68 12062.90 % Growth - 28.53 13.30 10.98 6.53 14.55 MAX 4860.54 5812.63 6390.53 6638.70 7278.54 % Growth - 19.58 9.94 3.88 9.63 10.62 RELIANCE 6604.90 6571.15 5497.62 4045.39 4283.40 % Growth - -0.51-16.33-26.41 5.88-10.26 VOL. 5, ISSUE 11 (November 2016) 14
BAJAJ 11419.71 9609.95 7483.80 6892.70 5843.13 % Growth - -99.15-22.12-7.89-15.22-15.42 SBI 10104.03 12911.64 13133.34 10450.03 10738.60 % Growth - 27.78 1.71-20.43 2.76 1.53 KOTAK 2868.05 2975.51 2937.43 2777.78 2700.79 % Growth - 3.74-1.27-5.43-2.77-1.49 TATA AIA 3493.78 3985.22 3630.30 2760.43 2323.70 % Growth - 14.06-8.90-23.96-15.82-9.69 PNB MET 2536.01 2508.17 2677.50 2429.52 2240.58 % Growth - -1.09 6.75-10.00-7.77-3.04 AVIVA 2378.01 2536.01 2415.87 2140.67 1878.09 % Growth - 6.64-4.73-11.39-12.26-5.72 SAHARA 250.59 243.41 225.95 205.38 204.63 % Growth - -2.86-7.17-9.10-0.36-4.93 Source: Annual reports of public and private life insurance companies (2009-10 to 2013-2014) Table 1 shows the individual business performance of the public and private life insurance companies in terms of premium Earned. The compound annual growth rate of LIC for the study period is 6.21%. The highest compound annual growth rate is shown by HDFC standard life insurance company with 14.55%.but the yearly premium earned in rupees is all most increasing for the life insurance companies. It shows that the life insurance business is growing in India and the performance of all the life insurance companies is good Table 2: Commission Expenses of Public and Private Life mpanies of India. (Fig. in crores) LIC 12110.31 13308.68 14035.63 14667.98 16681.29 % Growth - 9.89 5.46 4.50 13.72 8.33 BSLI 516.20 380.58 325.40 300.48 234.71-17.88 % Growth - -26.27-15.38-7.65-21.88 ICICI PRU 602.97 560.68 606.93 765.42 627.48 1 % Growth - -7.01 8.24 26.11-18.02 EXIDE 120.76 130.58 132.46 117.59 131.15 2.08 INGVYSYA % Growth - 8.13 1.43-11.22 11.53 HDFC STD 525.50 476.81 577.64 639.40 509.69-0.761 % Growth - -9.26 21.14 10.69-20.28 VOL. 5, ISSUE 11 (November 2016) 15
MAX 421.21 539.90 579.86 614.03 682.81 12.83 % Growth - 28.17 7.40 5.89 11.20 RELIANCE 627.85 514.80 398.03 326.16 329.81-14.86 % Growth - -18.00-22.68-18.05 1.11 BAJAJ 962.57 616.47 388.27 280.42 148.25-37.30 % Growth - -35.95-37.01-27.77-47.13 SBI 666.17 671.05 518.36 511.41 556.18-4.41 % Growth - 0.73-22.75-1.34 8.75 KOTAK 167.92 130.17 112.12 117.41 134.37-5.42 % Growth - -22.48-13.86 4.71 14.44 TATA AIA 280.85 246.28 141.98 103.54 92.05 0.25 % Growth - -12.30-42.35-27.07-11.09 PNB MET 292.51 87.32 118.44 121.99 126.76 % Growth - -70.14 35.63 2.99 3.91-24.33 AVIVA 158.29 101.04 93.58 105.30 78.52-18.86 % Growth - -36.16-7.38 12.52-25.43 SAHARA 23.68 22.08 22.20 18.80 15.35-16.07 % Growth - -6.75 0.54-15.31-18.35 Source: Annual reports of public and private life insurance companies (2009-10 to 2013-2014) Table 2 shows the commission expenses paid by the public and private life insurance companies individually. The compound annual growth rate of commission expenses of LIC of India was 8.33%. Compound annual growth rate of majority of the private insurance companies is negative but the commission expenses in rupees are increasing for the life insurance companies. It reflects that the life insurance business is growing in India and the performance of all the life insurance companies is good. Table 3: Operating Expenses of public and private life insurance companies of India. (Fig. in crores) LIC 12245.82 16980.28 14914.40 16707.66 20277.88 13.43 % Growth - 38.66-12.16 12.02 21.36 BSLI 1326.75 1203.48 1215.12 1159.70 1038.17-5.94 % Growth - -9.29 0.96-4.56-10.47 ICICI PRU 2569.15 2187.39 2007.38 2038.63 1616.86-1.09 % Growth - -14.85-8.22 1.55-20.68 EXIDE 467.27 494.41 481.48 476.69 486.75 1.02 INGVYSYA % Growth - 5.80-2.63-0.99 2.11 HDFC STD 1509.04 1495.21 1269.54 1343.77 1414.64-1.60 VOL. 5, ISSUE 11 (November 2016) 16
% Growth - -0.91-15.09 5.84 5.27 MAX 1504.39 1440.44 1254.76 1228.84 1265.22-4.23 MNYL % Growth - -4.25-12.89-2.06 2.96 RELIANCE 1636.73 1562.70 1281.25 1275.06 1386.32-4.06 % Growth - -4.52-18.01-0.48 8.68 BAJAJ 1771.63 1606.58 1406.28 1600.30 1472.88-4.51 % Growth - -9.31-12.46 13.79-7.96 SBI 660.90 882.99 1023.93 1151.05 1222.72 16.62 % Growth - 33.60 15.96 12.41 6.22 KOTAK 573.84 580.06 554.60 573.28 582.72.03 % Growth - 1.08-4.38 3.36 1.64 TATA AIA 1026.31 938.77 760.19 591.57 477.88-17.39 % Growth - -8.52-19.02-22.18-19.21 PNB MET 681.99 563.60 554.17 570.45 540.59-5.64 % Growth - -17.35-1.67 2.93-5.23 AVIVA 710.19 568.73 594.72 513.79 428.42-11.87 % Growth - -19.91 4.56-13.60-16.61 SAHARA 37.00 32.98 39.07 40.26 35.51-1.02 % Growth - -10.86 18.46 3.04-11.79 Source: Annual reports of public and private life insurance companies (2009-10 to 2013-2014) Table 3 shows the operating expenses paid by the public and private life insurance companies during the period of study. The compound annual growth rate of all the life insurance is not good but there is growth in the business performance of public and private life insurance of India in terms of claims paid in rupees because operating expenses will increase the insurance business in India. Table 4: Claims paid by public and private life insurance companies of India. (Fig. in crore) LIC 79130.66 111241.19 117472.14 134881.28 158015.53 18.87 % Growth - 40.57 5.60 14.81 17.15 BSLI 1138.78 1934.37 2704.62 3658.64 3665.42 33.94 % Growth - 69.86 39.81 35.27 0.18 ICICI PRU 7209.99 10591.17 8458.38 13280.45 12073.96 13.75 % Growth - 46.89-20.13 57.00-9.08 EXIDE 245.44 586.27 758.88 1193.40 1153.05 47.22 % Growth - 138.86 29.44 57.25-3.38 HDFC STD 1337.89 2830.91 2953.53 4251.99 4661.91 36.62 VOL. 5, ISSUE 11 (November 2016) 17
% Growth - 111.59 4.33 43.96 10.34 MAX 589.17 1236.79 1728.30 2551.61 2931.20 49.34 % Growth - 109.92 39.74 47.36 14.87 RELIANCE 693.42 2011.59 2755.97 5783.29 5272.11 66.05 % Growth - 190.09 37.00 109.84-8.83 BAJAJ 2630.20 4984.67 5494.60 9303.77 8477.24 33.98 % Growth - 89.51 10.22 69.32-8.88 SBI 851.44 2925.77 4775.31 7791.01 8791.81 79.25 % Growth - 243.62 63.21 63.15 12.84 KOTAKM 496.68 1036.15 1434.94 1782.13 1854.22 38.86 % Growth - 108.61 38.48 24.19 4.04 TATA AIA 324.58 709.20 1005.18 1974.52 2689.98 69.67 % Growth - 118.49 41.73 96.43 36.23 PNB MET 185.73 477.92 808.64 1396.69 1604.50 71.44 % Growth - 157.31 69.19 72.72 14.87 AVIVA 630.94 1189.76 1459.80 1993.08 1920.75 32.09 % Growth - 88.56 22.69 36.53-3.62 SAHARA 14.83 47.77 90.17 190.27 220.31 96.32 % Growth - 222.11 88.75 111.01 15.78 Source: Annual reports of public and private life insurance companies (2009-10 to 2013-2014) Table 4 shows the claims paid by the public and private life insurance companies operating in India during the study period. It reveals that there is growth in the business of all the public and private life insurance companies operating in India. Because it is observed that the compound annual growth rate of claims paid was positive and increasing in all the public and private life insurance companies. Table 5: Investment of public and private life insurance companies of India. (Fig. in Crores) LIC 833395.03 970549.67 1070510.8 1188231.7 1390380.4 13.65 6 3 6 % Growth - 16.45 10.29 10.99 17.01 BSLI 1562.57 2300.62 2973.64 3592.16 4129.92 27.50 % Growth - 47.23 29.25 20.80 14.97 ICICI PRU 5741.60 9193.66 12587.77 16206.95 19808.92 36.28 % Growth - 60.12 36.91 28.75 22.22 EXIDE 1502.81 2200.12 2896.61 3802.12 4990.05 34.98 % Growth - 46.40 31.65 31.26 31.24 HDFC STD 4972.02 6034.95 8579.68 11561.18 16321.85 34.60 VOL. 5, ISSUE 11 (November 2016) 18
% Growth - 21.73 42.16 34.75 41.17 MAX 3543.02 4966.87 7356.39 8563.19 13385.26 39.41 % Growth - 40.18 48.10 16.40 56.31 RELIANCE 895.76 1368.87 2848.81 5401.98 8043.79 73.10 % Growth - 52.81 108.11 89.62 48.90 BAJAJ 5007.61 6445.80 9433.50 13457.26 17346.69 36.42 % Growth - 28.72 46.35 42.65 28.90 SBI 11464.15 15633.78 18309.47 23499.45 27677.33 23.50 % Growth - 36.37 17.11 28.34 17.77 KOTAK 1263.92 1605.93 2163.25 2890.92 3970.61 33.13 % Growth - 27.05 34.70 33.63 37.34 TATA AIA 3264.03 4067.95 5178.91 6421.11 7967.82 24.99 % Growth - 24.62 27.31 23.98 24.08 PNB MET 1098.21 1464.54 2377.65 3362.33 4396.90 41.45 % Growth - 33.35 62.34 41.41 30.76 AVIVA 430.77 835.23 1540.74 2317.52 2828.76 % Growth - 93.89 84.46 50.41 22.05 60.08 SAHARA 391.64 465.47 543.60 660.69 842.09 21.09 % Growth - 18.85 16.78 21.53 27.45 Source: Annual reports of public and private life insurance companies (2009-10 to 2013-2014) Table 5 shows the calculated compound annual growth rate of all the public and private life insurance companies is positive. The highest compound annual growth rate is shown by Reliance life insurance Company which is 73.10 percent it indicates the growth of the investment of life insurance companies operating in India CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS In the present study it has been observed that in the Indian Life Insurance sector the business of all the insurance companies i.e. public and private is increasing on the basis of various insurance business parameters like premium earned by the public and private life insurance companies, Commission expenses, operating expenses, claim paid and Investment made by public and private life insurance companies in India. But the penetration of the Life Insurance Corporation of India in the rural as well urban area is good in comparison to the private life mpanies operating in India. Private life Insurance Companies are mainly doing its life insurance business in urban areas and mainly targeting the high incomes group of rural areas for its life Insurance business. Public and private life mpanies will increase their insurance business in Indian life Insurance industry in the coming years. There is a vast insurance potential in the rural as well urban areas because rural insurance business is still untapped and unexploited. The language of the insurance policy or contract must be simple and content of the insurance contract must be brief and easily understandable to the ordinary public. Generally the language of the insurance contract or policy is not easily understandable to the ordinary public. It will help the public and private life mpanies to serve and help its customers in the better way. However to cover the vast Indian life Insurance potential each VOL. 5, ISSUE 11 (November 2016) 19
public and private life mpanies should develop the insurance products as per the need and requirement of the people it will help the insurance companies to increase their life insurance business. There must be active grievances redressal in each public and private life insurance company to address the grievances of the policyholders immediately. It will help the insurance companies to create goodwill among the customers. REFERENCES 1. Radha Krishna, G. (2005) Alternative Channel: A Nobel way of distribution (A Study with reference to Tata-AIG Life insurance) Marketing mastermind, CFAIUniversity press, May 2005, pp 46-58. 2. Shukla, A.K. (2006) Effect of liberalization on Indian insurance market - An overview The journal, January June, 2006, page 10-12. 3. Basavanthappa, C. and Rajanalkar Laxman. (2009) Performance of life insurance companies: A companies study Southern Economist, Oct.15, 2009, P.42. 4. N, Kannnan. (2010) A Study on Growth of Indian Insurance Sector International journal of Management, Vol. I Issue, I May 2010, pp. 17-32. 5. Dr. Sonika Chaudhary and Priti Kiran (2011) Life Insurance industry in India Current Scenario IJMBS Vol. 1, issue 3, September 2011 ISSN: 2330-9519. 6. Shri George Pascal Osta. (2012) Life Insurance industry- Role in financial inclusion The Journal of insurance institution of India, April 2012. Pp, 94-118. 7. Dr. P, Raja Babu. (2013) Challenges of private sector Life Insurance Companies in India International Research Journal of Commerce & Behavioural Science Feb,2013 Vol. 2 No,04 PP. 1-14. 8. Bidyadhar Pandhi (2013) Role and performance of Private insurance companies in India in the post liberalization Era International journal of Engineering, Business and Enterprise Applications 5(1), June-August,2013,PP.29-35. 9. Nirjhar Majumdar (2014) Talent Management in life insurance industry of India The Journal of Insurance institute of India April June 2014 Volume no. I, issue no. IV pp. 170-180. VOL. 5, ISSUE 11 (November 2016) 20