Community Needs Assessment Update NEMCSA Early Childhood Services Prepared by: Kristen Walcheski Program Operations Manager 10/13/17
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Report Area Alcona; Alpena; Arenac; Bay; Cheboygan; Clare; Crawford; Gladwin; Huron; Iosco; Lapeer; Mecosta; Midland; Montmorency; Ogemaw; Osceola; Oscoda; Otsego; Presque Isle; Sanilac; Tuscola Demographics Population Current population demographics and changes in demographic composition over time play a determining role in the types of services needed by children and families. Table 1: Population Density Report Area Total Population Total Land Area (Square Miles) Population Density (Per Square Mile) Alcona 10,550 674.59 15.64 Alpena 29,068 571.87 50.83 Arenac 15,424 363.19 42.47 Bay 106,698 442.30 241.23 Cheboygan 25,690 715.27 35.92 Clare 30,710 564.34 54.42 Crawford 13,895 556.28 24.98 Gladwin 25,501 501.78 50.82 Huron 32,290 836.08 38.62 Iosco 25,401 549.12 46.26 Lapeer 88,235 644.19 136.97 Mecosta 43,301 555.07 78.01 Midland 83,624 516.26 161.98 Montmorency 9,401 546.66 17.2 Ogemaw 21,222 563.49 37.66 Osceola 23,234 566.43 41.02 Oscoda 8,444 565.74 14.93 Otsego 24,141 514.99 46.88 Presque Isle 13,037 658.72 19.79 Sanilac 42,014 962.57 43.65 Tuscola 54,420 803.37 67.74 Report Area 726,300 12,672.30 57.31 Michigan 9,900,571 56,546.78 175.09 United States 316,515,021 3,532,070.45 89.61 Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2011-15. Source geography: Tract Total Population 726,300 people live in the 12,672.30 square mile report area defined for this assessment according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011-15 5-year estimates. The population density for this area, estimated at 57.31 persons per square mile, is less than the national average population density of 89.61 persons per square mile and significantly lower than the State average of 175.09 population per square mile. Bay, Midland, and Lapeer counties have the highest population density in the service area while Alcona, Montmorency, Oscoda, and Presque Isle have the lowest less than 20 persons per square mile. Page 2 of 26
Change in Total Population According to the United States Census Bureau Decennial Census, between 2000 and 2010 the population in the report area fell by 13,477 persons, a change of -1.8%. A significant positive or negative shift in total population over time affects providers and the utilization of community resources. Between 2012 and 2015, the rate of population decrease in the service area is -1%, compared to a 4% increase in the State. Alpena, Montmorency, Ogemaw, and Presque Isle had a decrease greater than 2% while Oscoda saw a 4% decrease. Iosco County saw no Table 2: Change in Total Population Location 2012 2013 2014 2015 % Change 2012-2015 Michigan 9,883,360 9,895,622 9,909,847 9,922,576 0.4% Alcona 10,635 10,578 10,424 10,349-2.7% Alpena 29,234 29,091 28,988 28,803-1.5% Arenac 15,477 15,487 15,353 15,261-1.4% Bay 106,935 106,832 106,179 105,659-1.2% Cheboygan 25,835 25,726 25,675 25,427-1.6% Clare 30,753 30,569 30,652 30,553-0.7% Crawford 14,009 13,904 13,745 13,801-1.5% Gladwin 25,484 25,493 25,411 25,164-1.3% Huron 32,463 32,224 32,065 31,883-1.8% Iosco 25,357 25,429 25,420 25,345 0.0% Lapeer 88,173 88,389 88,153 88,373 0.2% Mecosta 43,318 43,108 43,186 43,067-0.6% Midland 83,822 83,919 83,427 83,632-0.2% Montmorency 9,476 9,350 9,300 9,259-2.3% Ogemaw 21,437 21,234 21,039 20,937-2.3% Osceola 23,276 23,259 23,169 23,058-0.9% Oscoda 8,592 8,379 8,371 8,251-4.0% Otsego 24,020 24,129 24,158 24,253 1.0% Presque Isle 13,129 13,062 13,004 12,841-2.2% Sanilac 42,268 41,823 41,587 41,475-1.9% Tuscola 54,662 54,263 54,000 53,777-1.6% Service Area 728,355 726,248 723,306 721,168-1.0% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County Population Estimates change in population while Lapeer and Otsego counties saw slight increases in their population over the reporting period. Population Age 0-4 This indicator reports the percentage of children aged 0-4 in the designated geographic area. When planning Head Start and Early Head Start services, it is important to understand the percentage of infants and young children in the community. Page 3 of 26
Table 3: Population: Age 0-4 Location 2012 2013 2014 2015 % Change 2012-2015 Michigan 575,714 572,768 570,292 571,776-0.7% Alcona 328 314 319 314-4.3% Alpena 1,403 1,370 1,323 1,330-5.2% Arenac 644 668 623 608-5.6% Bay 5,828 5,702 5,493 5,360-8.0% Cheboygan 1,086 1,051 1,018 988-9.0% Clare 1,752 1,725 1,665 1,634-6.7% Crawford 659 582 564 581-11.8% Gladwin 1,186 1,173 1,201 1,208 1.9% Huron 1,552 1,490 1,502 1,487-4.2% Iosco 1,034 1,122 1,156 1,191 15.2% Lapeer 4,305 4,287 4,220 4,225-1.9% Mecosta 2,150 2,026 2,084 2,065-4.0% Midland 4,420 4,546 4,324 4,302-2.7% Montmorency 347 318 338 322-7.2% Ogemaw 986 985 981 945-4.2% Osceola 1,338 1,344 1,317 1,293-3.4% Oscoda 404 402 378 355-12.1% Otsego 1,348 1,376 1,297 1,270-5.8% Presque Isle 488 462 470 459-5.9% Sanilac 2,346 2,230 2,217 2,217-5.5% Tuscola 2,890 2,687 2,708 2,694-6.8% Service Area 36,494 35,860 35,198 34,848-4.5% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County Population Estimates Unlike the numbers for the general population where Michigan showed a slight increase over the reporting period, the 0-4 population decreased. The same is true for the NEMCSA service area where the 0-4 population has declined 4%. Two counties actually had double-digit decreases in this population Crawford (-11.8%) and Oscoda (-12.1%). Iosco County actually showed a significant increase of 57 children age 0-4 an increase of 15.2%. Live Births: The number of live births has been generally declining over the period illustrated in table. When comparing 2012 numbers with 2015 number, Michigan s birthrate is down by 60 infants (-0.1%) while the service area is actually down by 95 infants (1.3%). Some counties did experience an increase in births, ranging from Iosco, an increase of 7.4% (16 births), to Alpena with 0.8% increase (2 births). Bay and Arenac counties experienced the greatest loss of the 0-4 population, down 6.9% and 6.2% respectively a combined 85 fewer children. Community Safety: Child Abuse and Neglect 2015 saw a significant increase in the rate of children 0-5 years of age who were confirmed as victims of child abuse or neglect an increase of 21.2% (3,332 children) in the State and 22.5% (287 children) in Page 4 of 26
the overall service area when comparing numbers to 2011. Differences in the number of confirmed cases between 2014 2015 were also significant 2,601 in Michigan and 176 within the program s 21- county service area. Only three counties, Alcona, Midland, and Sanilac, had lower rates of increase than the State for this indicator. However, Midland still saw an increase of 7.1% over 2011 and Alcona an increase of 60%. All remaining counties had higher rates than the State with three significantly higher Crawford County s numbers doubled for an increase of 100%; Huron had an increase of 118.2%; and Gladwin was up 230.8%. Five counties had a decrease in rates Cheboygan, Mecosta, Ogemaw, Osceola, and Sanilac. Table 4: Confirmed Victims of Abuse and Neglect, 0-5 Years Location Data Type 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 % Change in Number 2011-2015 Michigan Number 15,748 15,984 16,646 16,479 19,080 21.2% Rate 21.9 22.6 23.9 23.8 27.8 Alcona Number 5 9 18 7 8 60.0% Rate * 22.3 44.9 18.1 21 Alpena Number 76 63 36 43 59-22.4% Rate 41.9 35.6 21 25.7 36.6 Arenac Number 31 34 35 40 32 3.2% Rate 33.7 40 43.2 48.6 41.8 Bay Number 153 206 175 189 244 59.5% Rate 20.4 28.3 24.6 27.2 36.6 Cheboygan Number 77 55 44 40 48-37.7% Rate 50.8 39.2 32.4 31.2 39.2 Clare Number 59 61 71 78 106 79.7% Rate 28.1 28.6 33.5 38 53 Crawford Number 18 39 26 45 36 100.0% Rate 22.1 49.2 32.7 62.2 52.7 Gladwin Number 26 57 50 73 86 230.8% Rate 17.5 37.7 34.8 51.4 59.4 Huron Number 33 35 28 47 72 118.2% Rate 16.9 18.6 14.9 25.8 39.3 Iosco Number 60 46 46 55 65 8.3% Rate 48.5 36.9 36.6 41 47.9 Page 5 of 26
Location Data Type 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 % Change in Number 2011-2015 Lapeer Number 131 85 126 137 159 21.4% Rate 23.1 15.6 23.8 26 30.9 Mecosta Number 111 130 80 128 97-12.6% Rate 41.5 48.8 30.9 52 38.7 Midland Number 112 102 112 82 120 7.1% Rate 19.6 18.2 20.6 14.9 22.8 Montmorency Number 8 9 13 14 13 62.5% Rate 18 20 29.5 36.6 31.9 Ogemaw Number 61 56 33 42 47-23.0% Rate 48.2 46.8 27.3 35.2 39.7 Osceola Number 75 119 93 69 72-4.0% Rate 42.6 68.9 56.8 42.4 45.3 Oscoda Number 15 6 16 14 17 13.3% Rate 28.2 11.5 31.3 29.7 36.1 Otsego Number 55 56 60 82 61 10.9% Rate 32.9 33.2 37 49.8 38.7 Presque Isle Number 15 19 17 25 27 80.0% Rate 23.1 31.3 28.1 44.4 47.9 Sanilac Number 79 71 85 76 71-10.1% Rate 25.9 24.3 30 27.8 26.4 Tuscola Number 77 102 123 102 124 61.0% Rate 20.4 27.6 35 30.9 37.8 Service Area Number 1277 1360 1287 1388 1564 22.5% Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Protective Services. Out-of-Home Placements due to Abuse and Neglect: 0-5 Years Directly correlating with an increase in confirmed cases of abuse and neglect, there has also been an increase in the number of out-of-home placements due to abuse and neglect. However, the service area has seen an increase in this population of 47% when comparing 2015 to 2011 whereas the State increase was only 14.9%. Page 6 of 26
Six counties had a rate of increase of total number of out-of-home placements of 100% or more, with Montmorency County up 700%. Cheboygan had a reduced number of out-of-home placements, dropping by 40.9%. Table 5: Out-of-Home Placement due to Abuse/Neglect - 0-5 Years Location Data Type 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 % change in Number Michigan Number 4,901 4,701 4,756 4,732 5,633 14.9% Rate 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 8.2 Alcona Number 3 4 9 2 8 166.7% Rate * * 22.4 * 21 Alpena Number 22 31 22 22 31 40.9% Rate 12.4 18.1 12.8 13.1 19.2 Arenac Number 6 6 14 17 20 233.3% Rate 7.1 7.4 17.3 20.7 26.1 Bay Number 39 65 47 57 59 51.3% Rate 5.4 9.1 6.6 8.2 8.8 Cheboygan Number 22 20 11 7 13-40.9% Rate 15.7 14.7 8.1 5.5 10.6 Clare Number 20 16 23 18 39 95.0% Rate 9.4 7.5 10.8 8.8 19.5 Crawford Number 10 18 12 15 21 110.0% Rate 12.6 22.6 15.1 20.7 30.7 Gladwin Number 9 15 7 13 12 33.3% Rate 6 10.4 4.9 9.2 8.3 Huron Number 11 10 5 9 19 72.7% Rate 5.9 5.3 * 4.9 10.4 Iosco Number 8 13 10 12 15 87.5% Rate 6.4 10.3 8 8.9 11 Lapeer Number 17 18 27 14 34 100.0% Rate 3.1 3.4 5.1 2.7 6.6 Mecosta Number 19 24 23 31 20 5.3% Rate 7.1 9.3 8.9 12.6 8 Midland Number 25 29 37 22 37 48.0% Rate 4.5 5.3 6.8 4 7 Montmorency Number 1 1 3 9 8 700.0% Rate * * * 23.5 19.7 Page 7 of 26
Location Data Type 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 % change in Number Ogemaw Number 14 9 8 11 13-7.1% Rate 11.7 7.5 6.6 9.2 11 Osceola Number 9 14 24 10 9 0.0% Rate 5.2 8.6 14.7 6.1 5.7 Oscoda Number 9 4 3 6 8-11.1% Rate 17.3 * * 12.7 17 Otsego Number 25 12 12 19 21-16.0% Rate 14.8 7.4 7.4 11.5 13.3 Presque Isle Number 9 4 3 7 16 77.8% Rate 14.8 * * 12.4 28.4 Sanilac Number 15 15 16 32 31 106.7% Rate 5.1 5.3 5.6 11.7 11.5 Tuscola Number 26 21 35 24 35 34.6% Rate 7 6 10 7.3 10.7 Service Area Number 319 349 351 357 469 47.0% Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Services management Information System. Population estimates are from the Census Bureau. Social Economic Factors Poverty, unemployment, and lack of educational achievement affect access to services and a community s ability to engage in healthy behaviors. Without a network of support and a safe community, families cannot thrive. Ensuring access to social and economic resources provides a foundation for a healthy community. Children Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch This indicator is relevant because it assesses vulnerable populations that are more likely to have multiple health access, health status, and social support needs. Within the report area, 50,562 public school students or 50.2% are eligible for Free/Reduced Price lunch out of 100,716 total students enrolled. In Michigan as a whole, 46.62% are eligible, with only four counties in the service area having fewer than the State average Bay, Lapeer, Midland, and Otsego. Page 8 of 26
Table 6: Students Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch Report Area Total Students Number Free/Reduced Price Lunch Eligible Percent Free/Reduced Price Lunch Eligible Report Area 100,716 50,562 50.2% Alcona 726 455 62.67% Alpena 3,970 2,199 55.39% Arenac 2,211 1,220 55.18% Bay 14,340 6,384 44.52% Cheboygan 2,954 1,967 66.59% Clare 4,383 2,656 60.6% Crawford 1,590 909 57.17% Gladwin 2,934 1,659 56.54% Huron 4,763 2,302 48.33% Iosco 3,494 2,224 63.65% Lapeer 12,825 5,569 43.42% Mecosta 6,042 2,989 49.47% Midland 12,119 4,119 33.99% Montmorency 918 521 56.75% Ogemaw 2,465 1,605 65.11% Osceola 4,147 2,541 61.27% Oscoda 861 553 64.23% Otsego 3,685 1,643 44.59% Presque Isle 1,469 839 57.11% Sanilac 6,615 3,556 53.76% Tuscola 8,205 4,652 56.7% Michigan 1,491,914 695,479 46.62% United States 50,436,641 26,213,915 52.12% Data Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NCES - Common Core of Data. 2014-15. Source geography: Address Percent Students Eligible for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Report Area (50.2%) Michigan (46.62%) United States (52.12%) State-Funded Preschool Programs After a significant expansion in the year 2015, Great Start Readiness Program (GSRP) expansion has leveled off. However, between FY 2017 and FY 2018, there was still an increase of 376 total slots, or 7.16%. These additional slots are reflected across seven Intermediate School District areas. Page 9 of 26
Table 7: State Funded Preschool Programs ISD Alpena-Montmorency-Alcona ESD FY 2013 Allocation FY 2014 Allocation FY 2015 Allocation FY 2016 Allocation FY 2017 Allocations FY 2018 Allocations Increase Increase FY 2013 FY 2015 FY 2018 FY 2018 # % # % 155 275 346 346 346 346 191 123.23% 0 0.00% Bay-Arenac ISD 424 856 999 999 999 999 575 135.61% 0 0.00% Cheboygan-Otsego-Presque Isle ESD 138 257 255 255 255 255 117 84.78% 0 0.00% Clare-Gladwin RESA 191 450 446 450 466 466 275 143.98% 20 4.48% Huron ISD 66 146 206 206 202 202 136 206.06% -4-1.94% Iosco RESA 158 233 215 215 239 239 81 51.27% 24 11.16% Lapeer ISD 132 191 233 377 366 366 234 177.27% 133 57.08% Mecosta-Osceola ISD 258 363 368 400 395 395 137 53.10% 27 7.34% Midland County ESA 162 394 483 466 466 466 304 187.65% -17-3.52% C.O.O.R. ISD 179 307 543 543 647 666 487 272.07% 123 22.65% Sanilac ISD 174 232 350 402 402 402 228 131.03% 52 14.86% Tuscola ISD 213 351 461 461 461 461 248 116.43% 0 0.00% Wexford-Missaukee ISD 427 394 347 365 365 365-62 -14.52% 18 5.19% Service Area Totals 2,677 4,449 5,252 5,485 5,609 5,628 2932 110.24% 376 7.16% Child Care Along with a decrease in the 0-4 population, there has also been a decrease in the availability of childcare for this age group. Many counties within the NEMCSA service area saw a decrease between 2015 and 2017 as much as 50% fewer slots in Arenac alone. Overall, 120 fewer slots are available in the service area, even with an 11.1% (183 slots) gain in the county of Lapeer. Table 8: Available Child Care for 0-4 Year Olds Location 2015 2016 2017 % Change 2015-2017 Michigan 316,969 324402 315975-0.3% Alcona 136 136 118-13.2% Alpena 569 597 594 4.4% Arenac 292 206 144-50.7% Bay 3,552 3,668 3,483-1.9% Cheboygan 489 494 429-12.3% Clare 556 688 663 19.2% Crawford 217 219 175-19.4% Gladwin 411 393 374-9.0% Page 10 of 26
Huron 1,111 1,256 1,123 1.1% Iosco 621 625 512-17.6% Lapeer 1,647 1,686 1,830 11.1% Mecosta 1,001 1,048 1,003 0.2% Midland 3,273 3,564 3,348 2.3% Montmorency 199 145 181-9.0% Ogemaw 336 369 335-0.3% Osceola 686 633 693 1.0% Oscoda 90 90 84-6.7% Otsego 840 859 881 4.9% Presque Isle 219 213 195-11.0% Sanilac 875 877 869-0.7% Tuscola 1,318 1,300 1,284-2.6% Service Area 18438 19066 18318-0.7% Source: Michigan Great Start to Quality Income Median Family Income This indicator reports median family income based on the latest 5-year American Community Survey estimates. A family household is any housing unit in which the householder is living with one or more individuals related to him or her by birth, marriage, or adoption. Family income includes the incomes of all family members age 15 and older. In Michigan, Median Household Income has risen 9.1% since 2012. All counties in the service area, with the exception of one, also showed an increase in this indicator. Ten counties had an equal or higher rate of increase, with Iosco and Osceola having the greatest at 16.1% and 16% respectively. Arenac County actually saw a decrease in their Median Household Income - $37,120 in 2015 down from $37,330 in 2012. Table 9: Median Household Income Location 2012 2013 2014 2015 % Change 2012-2015 Michigan 46,793 48,200 49,755 51,063 9.1% Alcona 37,443 36,334 36,377 37,618 0.5% Alpena 37,330 38,784 38,121 40,665 8.9% Page 11 of 26
Location 2012 2013 2014 2015 % Change 2012-2015 Arenac 37,924 38,201 36,460 37,120-2.1% Bay 44,242 42,305 46,061 46,256 4.6% Cheboygan 37,610 37,949 41,930 41,036 9.1% Clare 32,274 33,605 34,655 33,250 3.0% Crawford 37,169 37,627 41,101 40,907 10.1% Gladwin 37,442 35,049 39,721 40,746 8.8% Huron 40,459 41,044 41,678 45,917 13.5% Iosco 34,343 36,103 37,122 39,874 16.1% Lapeer 51,627 53,506 51,510 57,774 11.9% Mecosta 39,253 39,764 41,572 41,755 6.4% Midland 53,208 53,007 51,629 59,248 11.4% Montmorency 34,336 33,742 37,961 37,153 8.2% Ogemaw 33,769 34,778 35,968 37,057 9.7% Osceola 36,023 38,407 40,235 41,782 16.0% Oscoda 33,046 31,094 33,975 36,724 11.1% Otsego 48,242 47,016 44,693 50,420 4.5% Presque Isle 38,019 38,648 39,420 41,658 9.6% Sanilac 39,315 41,502 42,081 41,861 6.5% Tuscola 42,165 41,441 43,186 45,800 8.6% Data Source: U. S. Census Bureau and Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) web site. Per Capita Income The per capita income for the report area is $23,501. This includes all reported income from wages and salaries as well as income from self-employment, interest or dividends, public assistance, retirement, and other sources. The per capita income in this report area is the average (mean) income computed for every man, woman, and child in the specified area. Per capita income in the service area is less than that of the State, with only one county higher Midland. Lowest per capita income in the service area is Clare County. Page 12 of 26
Table 10: Per Capita Income Report Area Total Per Capita Total Income ($) Population Income ($) Report Area 726,300 $17,068,924,400 $23,501 Alcona 10,550 $252,490,100 $23,932 Alpena 29,068 $641,874,100 $22,081 Arenac 15,424 $326,943,800 $21,197 Bay 106,698 $2,608,194,200 $24,444 Cheboygan 25,690 $607,070,100 $23,630 Clare 30,710 $589,045,800 $19,180 Crawford 13,895 $313,960,300 $22,595 Gladwin 25,501 $541,481,100 $21,233 Huron 32,290 $754,997,000 $23,381 Iosco 25,401 $596,571,500 $23,486 Lapeer 88,235 $2,159,783,500 $24,477 Mecosta 43,301 $883,545,100 $20,404 Midland 83,624 $2,523,074,700 $30,171 Montmorency 9,401 $195,269,800 $20,771 Ogemaw 21,222 $445,070,400 $20,972 Osceola 23,234 $446,215,300 $19,205 Oscoda 8,444 $164,822,800 $19,519 Otsego 24,141 $621,458,600 $25,742 Presque Isle 13,037 $307,025,800 $23,550 Sanilac 42,014 $897,999,800 $21,373 Tuscola 54,420 $1,192,030,600 $21,904 Michigan 9,900,571 $263,420,822,500 $26,606 United States 316,515,021 $9,156,731,836,300 $28,929 Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2011-15. Source geography: Tract Per Capita Income ($) Report Area (23,501) Michigan (26,606) United States (28,929) Public Assistance Income This indicator reports the percentage of children 0-5 years receiving public assistance income. Public assistance income includes general assistance and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). Separate payments received for hospital or other medical care (vendor payments) are excluded. This does not include Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or noncash benefits such as Food Stamps. The overall rates of children in this age group receiving public assistance has been declining. Between 2012 and 2015, there was a decrease of 60.9% in the State and 52.1% in the service area. Even though public assistance rates for this population in the NEMCSA service area declined at a lesser rate than the Page 13 of 26
State, seven counties within the service area had rates of decrease higher than Michigan. These ranged from Montmorency down 61.1% to Oscoda being down 72.7%. Table 11: Children 0-5 Receiving FIP/Public Assistance Location Data Type 2012 2013 2014 2015 Michigan Number 48,706 30,961 25,238 19,061 Percent 6.90% 4.40% 3.60% 2.80% Alcona Number 21 17 26 10 Percent 5.20% 4.20% 6.70% 2.60% Alpena Number 128 72 63 41 Percent 7.20% 4.20% 3.80% 2.50% Arenac Number 27 32 28 23 Percent 3.20% 3.90% 3.40% 3.00% Bay Number 378 265 274 212 Percent 5.20% 3.70% 3.90% 3.20% Cheboygan Number 56 46 39 28 Percent 4.00% 3.40% 3.00% 2.30% Clare Number 163 117 86 70 Percent 7.60% 5.50% 4.20% 3.50% Crawford Number 53 27 45 20 Percent 6.70% 3.40% 6.20% 2.90% Gladwin Number 63 50 51 35 Percent 4.20% 3.50% 3.60% 2.40% Huron Number 68 45 40 36 Percent 3.60% 2.40% 2.20% 2.00% Iosco Number 78 50 48 47 Percent 6.30% 4.00% 3.60% 3.50% Lapeer Number 138 53 55 49 Percent 2.50% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% Mecosta Number 99 82 60 64 Percent 3.70% 3.20% 2.40% 2.60% Midland Number 115 83 77 68 Percent 2.10% 1.50% 1.40% 1.30% Montmorency Number 18 14 11 7 Percent 4.00% 3.20% 2.90% 1.70% % Change 2012-2015 -60.9% -52.4% -68.0% -14.8% -43.9% -50.0% -57.1% -62.3% -44.4% -47.1% -39.7% -64.5% -35.4% -40.9% -61.1% Page 14 of 26
Location Data Type 2012 2013 2014 2015 Ogemaw Number 98 68 52 48 Percent 8.20% 5.60% 4.40% 4.10% Osceola Number 69 45 25 31 Percent 4.00% 2.70% 1.50% 2.00% Oscoda Number 33 24 12 9 Percent 6.30% 4.70% 2.50% 1.90% Otsego Number 56 43 34 24 Percent 3.30% 2.60% 2.10% 1.50% Presque Isle Number 29 16 12 8 Percent 4.80% 2.60% 2.10% 1.40% Sanilac Number 117 65 51 43 Percent 4.00% 2.30% 1.90% 1.60% Tuscola Number 149 99 70 63 Percent 4.00% 2.80% 2.10% 1.90% % Change 2012-2015 -51.0% -55.1% -72.7% -57.1% -72.4% -63.2% -57.7% Service Area Number 1956 1313 1159 936-52.1% Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Assistance Payments Statistics-Table 67. Health Insurance Population Receiving Medicaid This indicator reports the percentage of the population with insurance enrolled in Medicaid (or other means-tested public health insurance). This indicator is relevant because it assesses vulnerable populations that are more likely to have multiple health access, health status, and social support needs. The 21-county service area percentage of population enrolled in Medicaid is 23.9% - just slightly higher than Michigan at 22.49%. Thirteen counties have higher rates of Medicaid enrollees than the State average. Page 15 of 26
Table 12: Percent of Insured Population Receiving Medicaid Total Population Population Population (For Whom with Any Report Area Receiving Insurance Health Medicaid Status is Insurance Determined) Percent of Insured Population Receiving Medicaid Report Area 718,392 642,335 153,532 23.9% Alcona 10,454 9,355 2,210 23.62% Alpena 28,703 25,278 6,314 24.98% Arenac 15,255 13,648 3,949 28.93% Bay 105,742 96,620 22,636 23.43% Cheboygan 25,387 22,028 6,210 28.19% Clare 30,387 26,054 8,774 33.68% Crawford 13,713 12,505 3,234 25.86% Gladwin 25,275 21,954 6,389 29.1% Huron 31,921 28,813 6,449 22.38% Iosco 25,079 22,256 6,503 29.22% Lapeer 86,725 78,472 15,215 19.39% Mecosta 43,073 38,221 9,106 23.82% Midland 83,011 76,277 13,044 17.1% Montmorency 9,289 8,090 2,067 25.55% Ogemaw 20,952 18,645 5,702 30.58% Osceola 22,972 19,785 5,730 28.96% Oscoda 8,401 6,946 2,060 29.66% Otsego 23,956 21,517 4,859 22.58% Presque Isle 12,877 11,503 2,316 20.13% Sanilac 41,718 36,238 8,890 24.53% Tuscola 53,502 48,130 11,875 24.67% Michigan 9,789,145 8,845,904 1,989,825 22.49% United States 311,516,332 271,070,101 57,557,806 21.23% Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2011-15. Source geography: Tract Percent of Insured Population Receiving Medicaid Report Area (23.9%) Michigan (22.49%) United States (21.23%) Uninsured Adults This indicator reports the percentage of adults age 18 to 64 without health insurance coverage. In Michigan, 8.71% of persons in this age group are uninsured. In the service area, 8.99%, just slightly Page 16 of 26
higher than the State, are uninsured. The majority of counties have higher rates than the State average as high as 12.37% in Oscoda. Bay, Midland, and Tuscola Counties have lower rates. Table 13: Percent Population 18-64 Without Medical Insurance Percent Population Population Total Population with Without Report Area Population With Medical Medical Age 18-64 Medical Insurance Insurance Insurance Percent Population Without Medical Insurance Report Area 421,283 383,420 91.01% 37,863 8.99% Alcona 5,298 4,758 89.81% 540 10.19% Alpena 16,824 15,294 90.91% 1,530 9.09% Arenac 8,901 8,021 90.11% 880 9.89% Bay 63,747 58,802 92.24% 4,945 7.76% Cheboygan 14,391 12,757 88.65% 1,634 11.35% Clare 17,633 15,701 89.04% 1,932 10.96% Crawford 7,892 7,194 91.16% 698 8.84% Gladwin 13,860 12,408 89.52% 1,452 10.48% Huron 18,049 16,376 90.73% 1,673 9.27% Iosco 13,800 12,544 90.9% 1,256 9.1% Lapeer 53,774 49,086 91.28% 4,688 8.72% Mecosta 24,535 22,285 90.83% 2,250 9.17% Midland 50,780 47,233 93.01% 3,547 6.99% Montmorency 5,056 4,527 89.54% 529 10.46% Ogemaw 11,867 10,592 89.26% 1,275 10.74% Osceola 13,133 11,740 89.39% 1,393 10.61% Oscoda 4,552 3,989 87.63% 563 12.37% Otsego 14,102 12,789 90.69% 1,313 9.31% Presque Isle 6,936 6,229 89.81% 707 10.19% Sanilac 23,984 21,488 89.59% 2,496 10.41% Tuscola 32,169 29,607 92.04% 2,562 7.96% Michigan 6,010,062 5,486,495 91.29% 523,567 8.71% United States 194,584,952 168,884,012 86.79% 25,700,940 13.21% Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates. 2015. Source geography: County Percent Population Age 18-64 Without Medical Insurance Report Area (8.99%) Michigan (8.71%) United States (13.21%) Uninsured Children This indicator reports the percentage of children under age 19 without health insurance coverage in 2015. In Michigan, 3.2% of this population is without coverage, a percentage change of -26.6% from 2012. For the service area, 4.13% of this population is without coverage, a percentage rate of change of -19.9%. One county, Osceola, actually saw a.3% increase in uninsured children. All counties, with the exception of Bay and Midland, have a higher percentage of children who are uninsured than the State. Page 17 of 26
Table14: Children 0-18 Uninsured Location Data Type 2012 2013 2014 2015 Michigan Alcona Alpena Arenac Bay Cheboygan Clare Crawford Gladwin Huron Iosco Lapeer Mecosta Midland Montmorency Ogemaw Osceola Oscoda Number 100,783 100,298 91,070 73,997 Percent 4.30% 4.30% 4.00% 3.20% Number 106 118 102 87 Percent 6.80% 7.80% 7.10% 6.10% Number 298 289 292 249 Percent 4.90% 4.90% 5.00% 4.40% Number 175 184 164 142 Percent 5.60% 6.00% 5.50% 4.90% Number 930 829 854 719 Percent 3.90% 3.50% 3.70% 3.20% Number 299 293 282 210 Percent 5.70% 6.00% 6.00% 4.60% Number 315 318 353 310 Percent 4.80% 5.00% 5.60% 5.00% Number 132 141 121 103 Percent 4.70% 5.20% 4.70% 4.00% Number 273 371 280 234 Percent 5.30% 5.20% 5.50% 4.70% Number 344 383 350 336 Percent 5.10% 5.80% 5.30% 5.20% Number 228 229 214 181 Percent 5.00% 5.00% 4.80% 4.10% Number 1,017 1,012 800 759 Percent 4.80% 4.90% 4.00% 3.80% Number 429 414 408 304 Percent 4.90% 4.80% 4.80% 3.70% Number 823 715 732 561 Percent 4.20% 3.70% 3.90% 3.00% Number 91 107 90 80 Percent 5.80% 7.20% 6.10% 5.60% Number 243 242 225 209 Percent 5.60% 5.70% 5.50% 5.20% Number 319 333 284 320 Percent 5.60% 5.90% 5.20% 6.00% Number 111 130 121 93 Percent 6.30% 7.70% 7.30% 5.90% % change 2012-2015 -26.6% -17.9% -16.4% -18.9% -22.7% -29.8% -1.6% -22.0% -14.3% -2.3% -20.6% -25.4% -29.1% -31.8% -12.1% -14.0% 0.3% -16.2% Otsego Number 262 290 265 235-10.3% Page 18 of 26
Location Data Type 2012 2013 2014 2015 Percent 4.80% 5.30% 5.00% 4.40% Presque Isle Number 127 165 141 114 Percent 5.50% 7.30% 6.40% 5.30% Sanilac Number 547 606 629 513 Percent 5.40% 6.20% 6.50% 5.40% Tuscola Number 599 523 556 384 Percent 4.80% 4.30% 4.70% 3.30% Service Area Number 7,668 7,692 7,263 6,143 Percent 4.83% 4.93% 4.77% 4.13% % change 2012-2015 -10.2% -6.2% -35.9% -19.9% Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates. 2015. Source geography: County Population Receiving SNAP Benefits (ACS) This indicator reports the estimated percentage of households receiving the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. The NEMCSA service area has a slightly higher percentage of households receiving SNAP benefits (17.09%) than the State (16.73%), but significantly higher than the nation (13.17%). There are only five counties in the service area with a rate lower than the State, with the remainder of them higher. Rates of households receiving SNAP benefits range from 12.95% in Presque Isle to a high of 25.09% in Ogemaw. Page 19 of 26
Table 15: Percent Households Receiving SNAP Benefits Report Area Total Households Households Receiving SNAP Benefits Percent Households Receiving SNAP Benefits Report Area 295,538 50,521 17.09% Alcona 5,001 748 14.96% Alpena 12,722 2,638 20.74% Arenac 6,447 1,308 20.29% Bay 43,565 7,329 16.82% Cheboygan 11,223 2,003 17.85% Clare 13,255 3,208 24.2% Crawford 5,954 1,145 19.23% Gladwin 10,960 2,264 20.66% Huron 13,805 1,880 13.62% Iosco 11,343 2,219 19.56% Lapeer 32,682 4,253 13.01% Mecosta 15,478 2,647 17.1% Midland 33,617 4,471 13.3% Montmorency 4,070 783 19.24% Ogemaw 9,434 2,367 25.09% Osceola 8,757 1,686 19.25% Oscoda 3,686 787 21.35% Otsego 9,956 1,660 16.67% Presque Isle 5,999 777 12.95% Sanilac 16,280 2,555 15.69% Tuscola 21,304 3,793 17.8% Michigan 3,841,148 642,482 16.73% United States 116,926,305 15,399,651 13.17% Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2011-15. Source geography: Tract Percent Households Receiving SNAP Benefits Report Area (17.09%) Michigan (16.73%) United States (13.17%) Educational Attainment 27.36% of the population aged 25 and older in the service area, or 140,842 have obtained an Associate's level degree or higher, in comparison to Michigan where 35.88% have obtained an Associate s level degree or higher. A similar comparison can be made when looking at Bachelor s degrees where 17.71% in the service area have obtained this level of education in comparison to 26.93% in Michigan. Midland County has the greatest percentage of Associate and Bachelor degrees. Page 20 of 26
Table 16: Educational Attainment Geographic Area No High School Diploma Associates Bachelors Alcona 11.47 22.69 14.27 Alpena 10.27 29.62 16.54 Arenac 14.9 20.29 11.66 Bay 10.67 29.55 18.29 Cheboygan 10.91 26.19 18.14 Clare 15.78 19.29 11.63 Crawford 12.52 27.34 17.15 Gladwin 15 21.6 12.31 Huron 12.14 22.74 14.13 Iosco 11.9 23.87 16.13 Lapeer 9.24 27.61 17.49 Mecosta 10.65 32.12 22.7 Midland 6.52 42.62 32.45 Montmorency 14.48 19.5 10.7 Ogemaw 15.02 19.97 11.67 Osceola 12.01 21.57 13.21 Oscoda 16.3 15.99 9.72 Otsego 8.08 31.46 20.54 Presque Isle 11.94 25.59 16.93 Sanilac 12.16 21.32 12.27 Tuscola 11.26 23.3 13.86 Service Area 11.03 27.36 17.71 Michigan 10.42 35.88 26.93 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2011-2015 The differences between Michigan and the service area are not as great when looking at adults without a high school diploma 10.42% in Michigan and just slightly higher at 11.03% in the service area. However, Clare and Montmorency County have over 15% each without a high school diploma. Midland County has the lowest average on non-high school graduates at 6.52% without a high school diploma. Poverty - Population Below 100% FPL Within the report area, 15.1% or 34,848 individuals were living in households with income below the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) in 2015. Of the 0-4 population, 27.9%, or 9,709 were living in home below the FPL. Specifically looking at the 0-4 population, 16 counties within the service area have higher than the State average of children in poverty. However, there has been an overall decline of 1,583 (-14%) children 0-4 year in poverty since 2012. Ten counties within the service area saw a reduction of this population at a higher rate as high as -25.9% in Cheboygan, -26.9% in Osceola, and -25.8% in Otsego. The loss in these three counties accounted for 388 potentially eligible Head Start and Early Head Start children nearly 25% of the overall reduction for the service area. Arenac County had no change in this population while Tuscola County had the only increase an additional 5.2% of children 0-4 in poverty. Page 21 of 26
Table17: Change in Poverty 2012-2015 (See appendix for full data chart) Location Change in Population in Poverty Percent Change Population in Poverty Change in 0-4 Population in Poverty Percent Change in 0-4 in Poverty Michigan -153,446-9.1% -22,702-13.1% Alcona -67-4.0% -12-8.7% Alpena -321-6.5% -83-17.8% Arenac 189 6.7% 0 0.0% Bay 688 4.8% -171-11.9% Cheboygan -320-6.8% -122-25.9% Clare -65-0.9% -99-12.9% Crawford -380-14.0% -17-6.5% Gladwin 129 2.7% -70-14.6% Huron -1,225-25.1% -105-22.6% Iosco -245-5.8% -47-11.4% Lapeer -509-5.5% -188-19.1% Mecosta -317-3.6% -81-10.6% Midland -1,217-11.4% -186-18.9% Montmorency -19-1.1% -4-2.8% Ogemaw -510-11.3% -11-2.8% Osceola -785-15.7% -166-26.9% Oscoda -126-7.0% -22-13.1% Otsego -431-13.0% -100-25.8% Presque Isle -102-5.6% -31-17.4% Sanilac -467-6.4% -108-14.3% Tuscola -119-1.4% 40 5.2% Service Area -6,219-5.4% -1,583-14.0% Unemployment Rate Total unemployment in the report area for the month of July 2017 was 22,128 or 6.7% of the civilian non-institutionalized population age 16 and older (non-seasonally adjusted). This is a higher rate than the State as a whole, which was 5.8%, and the country at 5.2%. Eleven counties within the service area had higher rates than the State. Rates ranged from a low of 4.8% in Cheboygan to a high of 9.6% in Montmorency. Page 22 of 26
Table 18: Unemployment Rate Report Area Labor Number Number Unemployment Force Employed Unemployed Rate Report Area 332,689 310,561 22,128 6.7 Alcona 4,033 3,726 307 7.6 Alpena 13,601 12,758 843 6.2 Arenac 6,331 5,816 515 8.1 Bay 52,412 49,187 3,225 6.2 Cheboygan 11,849 11,276 573 4.8 Clare 12,032 11,084 948 7.9 Crawford 5,484 5,050 434 7.9 Gladwin 10,125 9,318 807 8 Huron 16,854 15,853 1,001 5.9 Iosco 10,520 9,711 809 7.7 Lapeer 41,252 38,346 2,906 7 Mecosta 18,700 17,440 1,260 6.7 Midland 41,432 39,245 2,187 5.3 Montmorency 3,236 2,925 311 9.6 Ogemaw 8,537 7,868 669 7.8 Osceola 10,650 9,943 707 6.6 Oscoda 3,135 2,898 237 7.6 Otsego 12,275 11,492 783 6.4 Presque Isle 5,641 5,150 491 8.7 Sanilac 20,214 18,852 1,362 6.7 Tuscola 24,376 22,623 1,753 7.2 Michigan 4,891,813 4,608,817 282,996 5.8 United States 161,376,737 152,992,568 8,384,169 5.2 Data Source: US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2017 - July. Source geography: County Unemployment Rate Report Area (6.7) Michigan (5.8) United States (5.2) Work, School, and Training Schedules of Parents of Children Birth to Five Years Between March and September 2017, NEMCSA staff surveyed 3064 eligible and potentially eligible families about their work and school schedules. Of the 3064 respondents, 2,882 were found to be residents of the 21-county service area. The remainder of the respondent data was discarded. Of the total respondents, 63% had a child currently enrolled in Head Start or Early Head Start and the remaining 37% did not. Page 23 of 26
Appendix Page 24 of 26
Location % General Population in Poverty Population 0-4 Persons in Poverty: General Population and Children Age 0-4 2012 2015 Change from 2012 to 2015 Age 0-4 in Poverty % Age 0-4 in Poverty % General Population in Poverty Population Under Age 5 Age 0-4 in Poverty % Age 0-4 in Poverty % Change Population in Poverty Change in 0-4 Population in Poverty Michigan 17.4% 573,668 173,127 30.2% 15.4% 571,776 150,425 26.3% -9.1% -22,702-13.1% Alcona 16.0% 332 138 41.6% 15.6% 314 126 40.1% -4.0% -12-8.7% Alpena 17.1% 1,385 465 33.6% 16.0% 1,330 382 28.7% -6.5% -83-17.8% Arenac 18.6% 653 248 38.0% 19.8% 608 248 40.8% 6.7% 0 0.0% Bay 13.7% 5,824 1,441 24.7% 14.3% 5,360 1,270 23.7% 4.8% -171-11.9% Cheboygan 18.6% 1,086 471 43.4% 17.3% 988 349 35.3% -6.8% -122-25.9% Clare 24.7% 1,745 767 44.0% 24.3% 1,634 668 40.9% -0.9% -99-12.9% Crawford 19.7% 647 263 40.6% 16.9% 581 246 42.3% -14.0% -17-6.5% Gladwin 19.0% 1,195 478 40.0% 19.6% 1,208 408 33.8% 2.7% -70-14.6% Huron 15.3% 1,556 464 29.8% 11.5% 1,487 359 24.1% -25.1% -105-22.6% Iosco 17.0% 1,034 414 40.0% 15.8% 1,191 367 30.8% -5.8% -47-11.4% Lapeer 10.6% 4,316 984 22.8% 9.8% 4,225 796 18.8% -5.5% -188-19.1% Mecosta 22.0% 2,137 766 35.8% 19.6% 2,065 685 33.2% -3.6% -81-10.6% Midland 12.9% 4,442 983 22.1% 11.3% 4,302 797 18.5% -11.4% -186-18.9% Montmorency 18.0% 349 143 41.0% 17.9% 322 139 43.2% -1.1% -4-2.8% Ogemaw 21.3% 997 394 39.5% 19.1% 945 383 40.5% -11.3% -11-2.8% Osceola 21.9% 1,359 618 45.5% 18.3% 1,293 452 35.0% -15.7% -166-26.9% Oscoda 21.2% 412 168 40.8% 20.4% 355 146 41.1% -7.0% -22-13.1% Otsego 14.0% 1,337 387 28.9% 11.9% 1,270 287 22.6% -13.0% -100-25.8% Presque Isle 14.0% 486 178 36.6% 13.4% 459 147 32.0% -5.6% -31-17.4% Sanilac 17.5% 2,361 755 32.0% 16.5% 2,217 647 29.2% -6.4% -108-14.3% Tuscola 15.5% 2,879 767 26.6% 15.2% 2,694 807 30.0% -1.4% 40 5.2% Service Area 16.1% 36,532 11,292 30.9% 15.1% 34,848 9,709 27.9% -5.4% -1,583-14.0% Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates % Change in 0-4 in Poverty Page 25 of 26
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