Presented by Samuel O Ochieng MGCSD KENYA Policy dialogue expert workshop and south to south learning event Brasília, Brazil 3-5 December 2012 CT- OVC MIS AND POSSIBLE USES TO IMPROVE THE COORDINATION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMMES
OUTLINE 2 Profile and Introduction. Coverage and Major programmes Eligibility criteria Management information system. Cycle, Targeting and Funding. Delivery/instruments/agencies Evolution of delivery systems in Kenya. conclusion
PROFILE PROFILE Population-38.61 million No. of children-19.1 million Total adults-19.4 million Under 5 years-5.56 million Poverty -46% below poverty line including 8.6 million children HIV AIDS prevalence - 7% 48 % of OVCs are due to HIV AIDS Orphans -2.5 million (2009 census). OVC-3.6 million Provinces 8 Coverage area -47 old districts
Profile cont Total population Absolute Poor Hardcore Poor Totals Number Percent of total Number Percent of total 38,610,097 19,026,671 49.3 8,308,177 21.5 Children (0-18 years) 19,147,737* 10,252,805 53.5 4,636,046 24.2 Total Number of OVC 3,612,679 1,953,418 54.1 933,734 25.8 Children with Disability 349,207 219,086 62.7 95,862 27.5 Total Adults 19,441,274* 8,732,179 44.9 3,671,305 18.9 Adults with Disability*** 981,105 563,519 57.4 278,978 28.4 Older Persons (> 60 years) 1,332,273* 708,201 53.2 337,993 25.4 Chronically Ill Adults 1,947,484 879,093 45.1 340,743 17.5 4 Food Insecure 1,834,367** * CENSUS DATA
Introduction There are 2.5 million OVC in Kenya Most OVC live in extremely poor house holds with elderly grandparents and poor care givers,while others live in child-headed household where they have to fend for themselves. The Government and civil society organizations have done a lot to address the situation of OVC in the country but many of them still remain outreached. The family is the natural and basic unit for growth and development of children. Raising children in family setup has long term benefits. It is important that interventions for OVC focus on facilitating family and community fostering Strengthening the Capacities of households/ communities to be able to take care of OVC has been identified as a key priority area in responding to the situation of OVC in the Country. It is in this spirit that a Cash Transfer Program to support poor households taking care of OVC was introduced in 2004.
Overall Objective The main objective of the CT-OVC programme is to: Provide a social protection system through regular and predictable cash transfers to poor households living with OVC in order to encourage fostering and retention of OVC within their families and communities, and to promote their human capital development.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE CT-OVC PROGRAMME No. 1 2 3 4 5 Education: * Increase school enrolment, attendance and retention of 6 to 17 years old children in basic school (up to standard 8). Health: * Reduce the rates of mortality and morbidity among 0 to 5 year old children, through immunizations, growth control and vitamin A supplements. Food security: * Promote household nutrition and food security by providing regular and predictable income support Civil registration: * Encourage caregivers to obtain identity cards within the first six months after enrolment * Encourage caregivers to obtain birth certificates for OVC and death certificates for deceased parents Strengthening capabilities within the household: * Coordinate with other Ministries and partners training on topics such as nutrition and health. * Provide guidance and refer cases related to HIV/AIDS, both to adults and children who are members of the households.
Coverage 8
Beneficiaries households Major SCT Coverage 9 (i) Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children 180,000 160,000 140,000 (ii) Older Persons Cash Transfer 120,000 (iii) Disability Grant 100,000 80,000 (iv) Urban Food Subsidy Program 60,000 (v) Hunger Safety Net Program 40,000 20,000 0 Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Older Persons Cash Transfer Program Persons with Disabilities Cash Transfer Urban Food Subsidy Hunger Safety Net Programme
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA A HOUSEHOLD WHICH. is Hard core /Extremely poor members are not enroled in other CT programmes has OVCs The HH is subjected to proxy- mean test has lost one or both parents (i.e., single/double orphan) An OVC is defined as a child that lives in a household where at least one parent, caregiver or child is chronically ill for the last 3 months or more lives in a child-headed household (where the head of the household is < 18 years old) CT-OVC provides cash transfers to Extremely poor households taking care of orphans and vulnerable children
Management information system (MIS) The CT-OVC developed a Management Information System within the first year of the implementation of the programme. The information system supports all operational processes of the programme; it is a web oriented design. It processes data collected from the field, generates the beneficiaries lists, enrollment tools, payrolls, payment files, compliance and monitoring reports, reconciliation reports. The Kenya National Social Protection Policy(NSPP) gives prominence to the development of robust MIS systems and development of a single registry as an important foundation to harmonizing the sector Initial focus has been on social assistance programmes. However, linkages and integration will be explored at later stage with social security and health insurance programmes.
Management information system 12 A good information system is developed around organizational readiness aligned with vision, mission, and strategic plan of the programme/department. anticipated and desired change identified, resources available to begin development, active organizational champion, stakeholder support, clear ownership over the system.
Management information system 13 Management of information is central to delivery process of social protection. The success of social protection programmes depend on the consistency between its design and its implementation. MIS designed according to the needs of the programme simplify its delivery supervision and increase its efficiency and coordination. MIS assist at every stage of the delivery process- from data collection, to targeting, verification, registration, payments, conditionality and up-dates, to operational supervision and monitoring and evaluation.
CT-OVC MIS AND SINGLE REGISTRY 4. Linkages to other external information users and data sources Ministry of Planning NIMES Indicators IPRS (Population Database) 3. Central Database containing programmes, beneficiary/applciant names, id number, age/date of birth and transfer amounts Central SP Database 2. Enhancement Scenario (Databases that are able to talk to each other) HSNP WFPs e-voucher CT-OVC OPCT UFSP PwsD HSNP Database SQL Server e-voucher Database SQL Server CT-OVC Database SQL Server OPCT Database SQL Server UFSP Database SQL Server PwsD Database SQL Server 1. Current Setup (Database having different structures and not improved to allow linkages) HSNP WFPs e-voucher CT-OVC OPCT UFSP PwsD HSNP Database SQL Server e-voucher Database SQL Server CT-OVC Database SQL Server OPCT Database Access/Excel 14 UFSP Database Access/Excel PwsD Database Access/Excel
Management information system 15 The MIS collects information on socioeconomic status, economic activities and assets. CT-OVC programme uses geographical, community targeting and PMT to determine family socioeconomic characteristics related to poverty. MIS Cash Transfer is the biggest database in the country on HH and poverty after the census.the CT-OVC MIS registers over 600,000 HH, some of the health, payments and education data. MIS is being used as a first step in building a social protection single registry database on the poor and vulnerable households.
CT-OVC MIS 16 Who benefits from the system: The Community: transparency, equity, validation, opportunity, no duplication of programmes,other programmes The Beneficiaries: knowledge about the nearest school, health centre, the nearest Payment Agency, about the penalties, and compliance on conditions. The Government: Good information for Planning, (Treasury, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, DPs,NGOs, CBOs );
CT-OVC PROGRAMME CYCLE Exit/Graduation Information updates Promotion of appropriate care, M&E/ MIS Targeting and Enrolment Payments/delivery
Targeting in CT-OVC 18 Geographical,Community based approach blended with proxy-mean test is used to identify eligible households. A proxy means test is used to estimate the household welfare without requiring detailed information about the household. PMT is useful when a large share of the household welfare is obtained from hard to verify sources such as: informal sector, Own production, Agricultural production, Entrepreneurial activities
FUNDING 19 2011/12 Total Amount (KShs in millions) 2010/11 World Bank Trust Fund (DFID) 2009/10 2008/09 World Bank Amount (KShs in millions) UNICEF Amount (KShs in millions) 2007/08 GoK Amount (KShs in millions) 2006/07 2005/06 41004 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Delivering transfer key issues 20 Need to do studies before deciding on a payment system Frequency of payments and schedule Cost Beneficiaries Education-Illiteracy /Limited education Distributing agency-use of more than one payment agency can improve services, lower cost and avoid monopolistic capture. Use of Independent organizations Reconciliation Distance Transparency and audit -meet these standards
Delivering social transfers PSP Posta Equity Bank Safaricom Equity Bank CT-OVC, CT-OVC, UFSP WFP Programmes OPCT, PwSD, HSNP UFSP 21 Paypoints Payment Instrument Payment Device Authentication Process post office branches Programme card XML/Payroll s Equity agents / HSNP agents M-PESA agents Equity agents + ATMs +branches smart card SIM Magstripe card POS phone POS 1 factor 2 factor 2 factor 2 factor Authentication factors Communication channel ID card+biometri c SIM+PIN card+pin offline online/offline online online Manual/less electronic electronic electronic Reconciliation Process electronic Financial inclusion none basic basic bank account coverage 67% 31% 2% 80,000
Delivery instruments 22 CT-OVC programme still prefers a combination of electronic and physical cash transfer Source: Bold 2012
DISTRIBUTING AGENCIES IN KENYA 23 State Banks or Public banks Post offices Mobile banks Mobile phones service providers(m-pesa,zap) ATMs Retail shops/stores. Public agencies ( Government treasuries OR NGOs) POS-Point of sale devices are computerized retail payments systems that replace cash or human registers. Has a barcode reader
CT-OVC Delivery Process evolution 24
DELIVERING PAYMENTS TO SICK 25 HOUSEHOLD
AGENCY /POST OFFICE 26
POST OFFICE MODEL 27
POS DEVICE AND CASH PAYMENTS 28
POS and cash payments 29
PHONE TRANSFER (EXPLORING 30
CONCLUSION/lessons learnt 31 Social Protection Policy envision that the developed Single Registry MIS will (a) Provide increased harmonisation and consolidation of fragmented schemes; and (b) Enhance the responsiveness of social protection initiatives to increase its capacity to quickly scale-up in response to rapid-onset crises. Due to high costs associated with development of MIS and since all social protection programmes have the same basic requirements, it would make sense for certain key MIS components to be shared by all programmes in the sector. There is also a strong case to be made for harmonizing the indicators used to monitor them, especially given the constrained budgets and limited capacity for designing and maintaining M&E systems The institutional arrangements and integrated management information system have to be implemented hand-in-hand for an effective delivery system The choice of appropriate delivery mechanisms has to match the geographical, social and economic context. And has to be tailored on beneficiaries. Finally, it is clear that technologies could play a considerable role to help overcome some of the major barriers in social protection delivery and reduces the costs in the long run.
Thank you/asante sana/obrigado 32