PROJECT PRO$PER PRESENTS The Basics of Building Wealth Investing and Retirement Participant Guide www.projectprosper.org www.facebook.com/projectprosper Based on Wells Fargo's Hands on Banking The Hands on Banking program is a free public service provided by Wells Fargo. You may also access the program anytime at www.handsonbanking.org & www.elfuturoentusmanos.org
P a g e 1 Table of Contents BUILDING WEALTH... 2 THE IMPORTANCE OF MAKING FINANCIAL GOALS... 4 AT HOME GOAL SETTING WORKSHEET.... 5 INVESTING BASICS... 6 POWER OF COMPOUNDING... 7 TYPES OF INVESTMENTS... 8 THE RULE OF 72... 10 PLANNING FOR RETIREMENT... 11 RETIREMENT BASICS... 11 TYPES OF RETIREMENT SOURCES... 11 TYPES OF RETIREMENT PLANS... 12 PROTECTING YOUR ASSETS... 15 THE VALUE OF INSURANCE... 15 BASIC DEFINITIONS FOR COMMON INSURANCE VOCABULARY... 15 GLOSSARY... 15
P a g e 2 Building Wealth Which of these two families is wealthier? FAMILY ONE FAMILY TWO
P a g e 3 Family One Income: $150,000 annually Family Two Income: $665,000 annually Assets Assets Home Value $200,000 Home Value $600,000 Car Value $10,000 Car Value $35,000 Savings $25,000 Savings $5000 Investments $250,000 Investment $25,000 Total $485000 Total $665000 Liabilities Liabilities Mortgage $120,000 Mortgage $540,000 Car Loan $0 Car Loan $40,000 Credit Card Debt $0 Credit Card Debt $20,000 Student Loan Debt $10,000 Student Loan Debt $46,000 Total $130,000 Total $646,000 Net Worth $355,000 Net Worth $19,000 Lesson Learned: Having Money and Building Wealth are really two different things. When you have wealth, you have more than just income. You should have a set of resources like assets and investments that will help you take advantage of life s opportunities. Wealth building usually doesn t happen overnight, in a year, or in three years. Building wealth is a series of steps that you make over time. It s an ongoing process that requires patience and discipline to reach your goals.
The Importance of Making Financial Goals P a g e 4 Setting financial goals throughout your life will help you see what s really important to you and where to focus your time, effort, and money. When making financial goals, you should write them down in a journal. This will help you determine exactly what you want to accomplish and by when. Writing down your goals is a great first step for moving your ideas from dreams to reality. Types of goals Immediate Goals- These are goals that you would like to achieve in 6 months to 1 year. Examples are: employment, learn English, and obtain work authorization. Short Term Goals These are financial goals that you want to achieve in the next 1 to 5 years. Examples are: saving for a car down payment, apartment security deposit, citizenship filing fees, etc Long Term Goals These are financial goals that you want to achieve in 5 years and more. Examples are: down payment for a house, retirement, starting a business, college or professional education, etc Review your list annually (once a year) Goals can change based on time, situations or events. As your personal circumstances change, your goals may need to be updated. This is totally acceptable. Review your list once a year and if you experience big life changes consider updating your goals. Life Changes can include: Income changes, family growth, purchase of a home, etc Activity: Take a moment and write a few of your own short term and long term goals. Short Term Goals Long Term Goals - - - - - -
At Home Activity P a g e 5
P a g e 6 Investing Basics The basics Investing is putting money you ve saved into things you think will increase in value over time. The best way to make a profit when investing is to buy when the price is low and sell when the price is high. With investing there s always a risk of losing some or even all of your money if the investment doesn t perform well. Any time you sell an investment for a profit, your earnings are called CAPITAL GAIN and if you lose money when you sell your investment you ll have what s called a CAPITAL LOSS. Savings vs. Investing It is important to remember that there is a difference between saving your money and investing your money. Savings Ready Cash Gives you ready cash; provides funds for emergencies; often used for specific purchases in the near future (usually three years or less). Minimal Risk Minimal or no risk Earn Interest You earn interest, but savings accounts generally earn a lower return than do investments. Investing Achieve Goals Can help you achieve longterm, major financial goals. Always Involves Risk You may lose some or all of the money you invest. Potential for Profit Investments have the potential for higher return than a regular savings account. This increases your net worth, which is the value of your assets (what you own) minus your liabilities (what you owe). If you sell for higher price than you invested initially, you make a profit.
P a g e 7 Power of Compounding Whether gains come from interest earned in a savings account or dividends from investments, compounding allows your money to grow larger for you. What is compounding? Compounding occurs when your earnings on an investment are added to the amount you originally invested (Capital). As your total investment grows larger, your earnings have the potential to grow larger too. It pays to start investing as soon as you can, and to take advantage of the power of compounding.
Types of Investments Type Stocks Type Mutual Funds Bonds P a g e 8 Description When you invest in stocks, you re investing in businesses. These could be small, medium, or large companies in the U.S. or around the world. Buying stock gives you part ownership in a company. That s why you should only buy stocks in companies you believe in and believe can do well. Stocks are usually bought and sold in units called SHARES. The value of shares and share prices rise and fall based on how much people will pay for a share. Sometimes the company will pay its investors a DIVIDEND. That s when the company pays the shareholders a part of its profits. Description Mutual Funds are a collection of money from a group of investors placed in a variety of stocks, bonds and other products. These types of investments are professionally managed by a mutual fund manager. Instead of deciding for yourself what stocks and bonds to buy, the mutual fund manager makes the decisions of what to buy, sell and when for everyone in the group. There is usually greater POTENTIAL for profit than many lowrisk investments and less risk than buying individual stocks and some bonds. Corporations, governments and municipalities issue bonds to raise funds. In return they typically repay the bond owners with interest. When you purchase a bond, you are lending money to a corporation or to the government for a certain period of time called a TERM. Bond terms can range from a few months to 30 years. Usually, the longer the bond term the higher the return. The bond certificate is a promise from the issuer that they will repay you on the specific date usually with a fixed rate of interest. Government bonds tend to be lower risk because they are backed by the government. Corporate bonds are higher risk.
P a g e 9 Be sure to research the company before investing. Low Risk Investments Real Estate Low-risk investments enable you to earn interest on your money while maintaining liquid funds (flexible access to your cash). Low-risk means that your odds of losing your money through investments are extremely low. However, the potential of return (profit) is also low. Examples of low risk investments- Certificates of Deposits (CDs) A type of savings account with fixed term, higher opening balance, and higher interest rate than regular savings accounts. CDs at banks and credit unions are FDIC/NCUA insured. These are investments in homes or properties. Like stocks, you earn money when you sell real estate for more than what you paid (capital). Real estate usually, but not always, increases in value over time without daily ups and downs as in stocks. Remember, selling property can take time. Also, there are costs involved in buying, selling, and maintaining properties. The greater the risk of a loss on an investment, the greater the potential return. The lower the risk of loss, the lower the potential return.
The Rule of 72 P a g e 10 The Rule of 72 is a mathematical formula used to determine how many years it will take you to double the money of your investment. Formula: 72 interest rate = years it will take to double your investment 1. Take the interest rate of your investment. 2. Divide 72 by the interest rate. 3. The number you come up with is how many years it will take your original investment to double. Activity: You have a mutual fund that s earning 6% per year. How many years will it take to double your investment? You have a Certificate of Deposit which earns 2% interest per 12 month term. How long will it take you to double your investment? Mutual Funds Real Estate Certificate of Deposits Real Estate How to Get Started with Investing There are 3 basic steps you should take before investing: 1. Save enough money to cover 6 months of your expenses. Be sure you re prepared to cover your expenses in case of an emergency, a sudden illness, or if you lose your job. 2. Meet with an investment advisor and make an investment plan that fits your budget and the level of risk that works for you. a. Advisors can be located at your financial institution(s) and/or investment firms. 3. Budget how much money you need to invest every month and make a COMMITMENT to do so.
P a g e 11 Planning for Retirement Retirement Basics Most of us would like to retire someday with the peace of mind that we can take care of ourselves financially. When it comes to creating a retirement plan, there is no such thing as one size fits all. Having a financial plan is very important because you want to have the necessary funds for the full length of your retirement. The length of your retirement may equal the number of years you were employed. o If you retire at 65 and have a life expectancy of 87 then you will need retirement income for at least 22 years. With a personal retirement plan, you will know how much you can afford to spend each month and not outlive your retirement savings. Start to implement your retirement savings plan as early as you can. Types of Retirement Sources Money Source Employer Investment Plans Investments Personal Savings Home Equity New Income Description These plans include 401ks, IRAs, Pensions Your investment portfolio might include stocks, mutual funds, bonds, etc This is money you save. Try to earn the highest rate of compound interest you can. If you are a homeowner, the equity your home has accumulated over the years could be used as a source of income. (Equity = Home value Mortgage balance) This is money from part time jobs, running a small business, working off and on throughout the years.
P a g e 12 Social Security Benefits The amount you receive in Social Security will vary based on how much you earned and how long you paid into the Social Security System. Do not depend on Social Security to fully fund your retirement years. In 2016 the average social security benefit for a person of retirement age is $1341/month. This comes to $16,092 a year. Types of Retirement Plans 401k This is the most common type of company sponsored employee retirement plans. The most popular reason to have a 401k is that you do not have to pay taxes on this money until you use the money when you retire. If your company offers a 401k plan, study the specifics and talk with a retirement plan expert. Strongly consider investing as much as you can as soon as you can. Some companies offer a match to your contribution. If your company offers this, then take full advantage of the program by making your contribution enough to get the full match if possible. If you are over the age of 50, ask your company about the new catch up provision to help maximize the amount you can contribute for your retirement. Traditional Individual Retirement Account This is a personal investment account that you have opened with a financial institution. This account can include CDs, mutual funds and/or stocks. As you earn income, you can contribute up to $5000-$6000 a year up to the age of 70½. The major benefit is that the government does not tax the interest you earn until after you withdraw the money for retirement. This will allow your funds to compound faster to give you more money at retirement. Traditional IRAs are good investments for money you don t need right away and can afford to invest for a period of time. If you need it before you reach age 59½, unless you buy your first hoe or pay education expenses, you ll pay both a penalty fee and taxes on your withdrawal. A second type of IRA is called a ROTH IRA. A Roth IRA is an individual retirement account that offers taxfree growth and tax-free withdrawals in retirement. Roth IRA rules dictate that as long as you've owned your account for 5 years* and you're age 59½ or older, you can withdraw your money when you want to and you won't owe any federal taxes. To better understand the differences between traditional and Roth IRAs and to set up an account, it s important to work with a banker, a financial advisor, or a retirement specialist.
P a g e 13 SEP (Simplified Employee Pension) This retirement plan is designed for people who are self-employed. Funds may be invested the same way as an IRA. As the employer, you can contribute up to 25% of the participant's compensation or a maximum of $53,000 (for the 2016 tax year), whichever is less. Contributions are deductible as a business expense and are not required every year. Employees who are in the plan can also make personal contributions. It s never too early to start saving for retirement. Start saving as much as you can now at the best interest rate possible. Give your money time to grow! There may be different retirement plan options available to you. Be sure to consult with a retirement planning expert and tax advisor. The value of starting early Anna invested $5,000 a year for 11 years beginning at age 25, for a total investment of $55,000 Tomas began investing $5,000 a year at age 35 and continued to invest through age 60 for a total investment of $130,000. Who had more money to fund retirement, Anna or Tomas?
P a g e 14 What Affects My Retirement Plans 1. Where you plan to live and the cost of living there. Some cities, towns, and states are more expensive than others. 2. How many years you ll live in retirement. Remember that if you retire at age 65 and expect to live until age 85, that means you will need to live off of your retirement for 20 years. That s almost as long as you were in the workforce. Social Security offers a life expectancy calculator: www.ssa.gov/planners/lifeexpectancy.html 3. How much your health care expenses will be during your retirement years. As you know healthcare expenses can be expensive. Please remember to include this future cost in your retirement planning. 4. INFLATION- Occurs when the general price level of goods and services goes up which means the purchasing power of your dollar goes down. This can really consume your future purchasing power. Who Can Help You with Your Retirement Plans 1. Employer Human Resources- Speak with a representative in your human resource department about your retirement options at your company. 2. Financial Advisor- Your financial institution (bank, credit union, or financial firm) employs specialists who can talk to you about your future plans. Also, certified financial planners are professionals who assist individuals with planning for retirement 3. Accountant- This person usually handles your taxes (personal and business) and can possibly help you with your plans for retirement.
P a g e 15 GLOSSARY Appreciate - Increase of value of assets Assets - Something valuable that you or your business owns or benefits from, in creating income. Examples are cash, securities, accounts receivable, inventory, office equipment, real estate a car, and other property. Capital Gain - The money you earn/make(profit) from the sale of property or of an investment. Capital Loss - The money you lose when an asset such as an investment or real estate loses value. Commitment - a willingness to give your time and energy to something that you believe in, or a promise or firm decision to do something: Compounding - Earning interest on both principal and earned interest. Goals - something that you are trying to do or achieve. Human Resources (H.R.) - your company department charged with finding, screening, recruiting and training job applicants, as well as administering employee-benefit programs. Inflation - an increase in the price you pay for goods in an economy over a period of time. Investments - An asset or item that is purchased with the hope that it will generate income or will appreciate in the future. Net Worth - everything you own of significance (your assets) minus what you owe in debts (your liabilities). Assets include cash and investments, your home and other real estate, cars or anything else of value you own. Potential - a chance or possibility that something will happen or exist in the future. Profit- money that is made in a business, through investing, etc., after all the costs and expenses are paid. Retirment - the act of ending your working or professional career Risk - the potential of gaining or losing something of value. The Rule of 72 - determines how many years it will take your financial investment to double.
P a g e 16 Basics of Building Wealth Post Course Survey Please answer the following questions. When finished remove this paper and hand it to our instructor. Thank you for attending our class! 1. At what age should a person begin saving for retirement? At age 21 10 years before they plan to retire As soon as they possibly can I don't know 2. Which are the best type of investments for profit making? Real Estate Investments Low Risk Investments It depends on your comfort level I don't know School Name