I Overview of the System and the Basic Statistics

I Overview of the System and the Basic Statistics [1] General Welfare and Labour Population Structure Overview The Population Pyramid in Japan Age 15 or over Age 71: the number of births decreased in 193839 due to the mobilization of soldiers for the JapanChina War Age 64, 65: the number of births decreased around the end of war Males 1 95 9 85 8 75 7 65 Females Age 6163: the first baby boom from 1947 to 1949 6 55 5 45 4 35 3 Age 44: born in 1966 (year of the Fire Horse, renowned for disasters, etc.) Age 3639: the second baby boom from 1971 to 1974 25 2 15 1 5 15 125 1 75 5 25 25 5 75 1 125 15 Population (1, persons) Sources: 225 Population Projection for Japan (estimated in January 212), mediumvarient assumption, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research 21 21 Population Census, Statistics Bureau, MIC (Note) The solid line represents the figures for 21 and the broken line represents the figures for 225. The population aged 15 or older cannot be calculated by age group and has collectively been put into the age group of 15 or older. Vital Statistics in Japan (213 approximates) Live births Deaths (Regrouped) Infant deaths Foetal deaths Marriages Divorces 1,29,8 1 in every 31 sec. 1,268,432 1 in every 25 sec. 2,185 1 in every 4 hours 33 sec. 24,93 1 in every 21 min. 49 sec. 66,594 1 in every 48 sec. Source: Vital Statistics, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW 231,384 1 in every 2 min. 16 sec. 4

Population Trends of Japan Actual Figures (Population Census) Estimates of FY212 (Population Projection for Japan) Population (1 thousand persons) 14, Percentage of productiveage population (aged 1564) Population peak (24) 12,779 12,752 *1 12, 11,662 1, 8, 6, Population aged 1564 Elderly rate (percentage of population 65 or older) 62.9% *1 24.1% *1 3,685 6,773 Population 65 or older 8,674 3,464 Percentage of productiveage population 5.9% Elderly rate 39.9% 4, 2, Population 14 or younger 195 196 197 198 199 2 21 212 215 225 235 245 255 26 1.41 212 1,24 Total fertility rate 4,418 791 Total fertility rate 1.35 Source: Population Census and Population Estimates by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Population Projection for Japan: MediumFertility/Mortality Projections (estimated in January 212) by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, and (population as of October 1 of the respective year) Vital Statistics. by the Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW *1 Source: FY212 Population Estimates by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (according to the 21 Population Census, the population was 128.6 million persons, the percentage of labour population was 63.8%, and the aging rate was 23.%) 5

Detailed Data 1 Population Projection for Japan (Estimated in January 212) <Summary of Results and Assumptions> 1.Projection in January 212 With the release of the first basic survey results of 21 Population Census as well as that of the confirmed number of 21 Vital Statistics, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research initiated a new national population projection. The outline of the projection results and methods are as follows. 2. Result of Projection (Medium Variant Assumptions for Mortality) Assumption for fertility rate [Longterm total fertility rate] Assumptions for mortality rate [Longterm life expectancy at birth] Mediumvariant assumptions [1.35] Highvariant assumptions [1.6] Assumptions of mediumvariant mortality [Male=84.19 years] [Female=9.93 years] Lowvariant assumptions [1.12] Projection in December 26 mediumvariant assumptions [1.26] Male=83.67 years Female=9.34 years Total population 21 23 255 26 128.6 million 116.62 million 91.93 million 86.74 million 128.6 million 119.24 million 98.8 million 94.6 million 128.6 million 114.17 million 85.93 million 79.97 million 127.18 million 115.22 million 89.93 million Child Population (Population aged 114) 21 23 255 26 16.84 million 13.1% 12.4 million 1.3% 8.61 million 9.4% 7.91 million 9.1% 16.84 million 13.1% 14.32 million 12.% 11.4 million 11.5% 1.87 million 11.5% 16.84 million 13.1% 9.99 million 8.7% 6.38 million 7.4% 5.62 million 7.% 16.48 million 13.% 11.15 million 9.7% 7.52 million 8.4% Productiveage Population (Population aged 1564) 21 23 255 26 81.73 million 63.8% 67.73 million 58.1% 47.6 million 51.2% 44.18 million 5.9% 81.73 million 63.8% 68.7 million 57.1% 51.14 million 51.8% 49.9 million 51.9% 81.73 million 63.8% 67.33 million 59.% 43.3 million 5.4% 39.71 million 49.7% 81.28 million 63.9% 67.4 million 58.5% 45.95 million 51.1% Elderly Population (Population aged 65 or older) 21 23 255 26 29.48 million 23.% 36.85 million 31.6% 36.26 million 39.4% 34.64 million 39.9% 29.48 million 23.% 36.85 million 3.9% 36.26 million 36.7% 34.64 million 36.6% 29.48 million 23.% 36.85 million 32.3% 36.26 million 42.2% 34.64 million 43.3% 29.41 million 23.1% 36.67 million 31.8% 36.46 million 4.5% 6

3. The Method Used for Projecting Population The cohort component method is used for Population Projections with assumptions made for components of population change, namely population process components, birth, death and international migration. Assumptions are made based on actual statistics of each component using the demographic projection method. (1) Summary of Assumptions for Future Fertility Assumptions were made for both marriage and birth index of female cohorts born in 1995 (reference cohorts) and that the transition would gradually take place from the actual figures of elderly cohorts or statistically assumed figures through the assumptions of the reference cohorts to those of cohorts born in 21, and then remain flat thereafter. Type of assumption Mediumvariant assumption Highvariant assumption Lowvariant assumption Fertility assumption index (1) Average age of first marriage (2) Proportion of nevermarried (3) Number of live births by a marriedcouple (4) Effects of divorce, bereavement, and remarriage (1) Average age of first marriage (2) Proportion of nevermarried (3) Number of live births by a marriedcouple (4) Effects of divorce, bereavement, and remarriage (1) Average age of first marriage (2) Proportion of nevermarried (3) Number of live births by a marriedcouple (4) Effects of divorce, bereavement, and remarriage Presupposition Actual current figure of generation born in 196 25.7 9.4% 2.7.962 Same as above Same as above increase rise decrease decline increase rise decrease decline increase rise decrease decline Assumption for generations 21 born in 1995 Actual figure (reference cohort) 28.2 2.1% 1.74.938 27.9 14.7% 1.91.937 28.5 26.2% 1.57.938 1.39 1.39 1.39 Total fertility rate Interim Maximum 213 1.39 Minimum 224 1.33 Maximum 22 1.61 Minimum 21 1.39 Maximum 21 1.39 Minimum 223 1.9 Sex ratio for live birth: Sex ratio for live birth from 26 to 21 was set to a constant value (15.5). 26 1.35 1.6 1.12 Projection in Dec. 26 255 1.26 1.55 1.6 (2) Summary of Assumptions for Mortality Mediumvariant of death assumption (26: male 84.19 years, female 9.93 years) was made according to the actual mortality figures from 197 to 21 and highvariant death assumption (26: male 83.22 years, female 89.96 years) and lowvariant death assumption (26: male 85.14 years, female 91.9 years) based on the confidence interval of mortality index parameters. Life expectancy at birth Male Female Actual figure 21 79.64 years 86.39 years Mediumvariant death assumption 26 84.19 years 9.93 years Projection in December 26 255 83.67 years 9.34 years (3) Outline of Assumptions on International Migration The average rate of annual net migration of Japanese by age and sex during the period between 24 and 29 was set to a constant value. With foreign nationals, the assumptions were made for the net migration by reflecting the trend since 197. Departure excess was observed with both males and females in 211, the year affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, but entry exceeded departure in 212. The average rate of annual net migration of foreign nationals in 23 is assumed to be 34, males and 38, females and to remain unchanged thereafter. 7

Detailed Data 2 Changes in Number of Live Birth and Total Fertility Rate Year Number of live birth Total fertility rate Year Number of live birth Total fertility rate 1899 195 191 1915 192 1925 193 1935 194 1943 1947 195 1955 196 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 197 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1,386,981 1,452,77 1,712,857 1,799,326 2,25,564 2,86,91 2,85,11 2,19,74 2,115,867 2,253,535 2,678,792 2,337,57 1,73,692 1,66,41 1,589,372 1,618,616 1,659,521 1,716,761 1,823,697 1,36,974 1,935,647 1,871,839 1,889,815 1,934,239 2,,973 2,38,682 2,91,983 2,29,989 1,91,44 1,832,617 1,755,1 1,78,643 1,642,58 4.54 3.65 2.37 2. 1.96 1.98 2. 2.5 2.14 1.58 2.23 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.16 2.14 2.14 2.5 1.91 1.85 1.8 1.79 1.77 198 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 * 213 Source: Vital Statistics, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) The figures indicated by * are approximates. 1,576,889 1,529,455 1,515,392 1,58,687 1,489,78 1,431,577 1,382,946 1,346,658 1,314,6 1,246,82 1,221,585 1,223,245 1,28,989 1,188,282 1,238,328 1,187,64 1,26,555 1,191,665 1,23,147 1,177,669 1,19,547 1,17,662 1,153,855 1,123,61 1,11,721 1,62,53 1,92,674 1,89,818 1,91,156 1,7,35 1,71,34 1,5,86 1,37,231 1,29,8 1.75 1.74 1.77 1.8 1.81 1.76 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.57 1.54 1.53 1.5 1.46 1.5 1.42 1.43 1.39 1.38 1.34 1.36 1.33 1.32 1.29 1.29 1.26 1.32 1.34 1.37 1.37 1.39 1.39 1.41 1.43 Detailed Data 3 Changes in Total Fertility Rates in Developed Countries 195 196 Japan U.S.A. France Germany Italy Sweden U.K. 3.65 2. 3.2 3.64 2.92 2.72 2.5 (1951) 2.34 2.52 2.31 2.32 2.17 2.19 2.67 197 2.13 2.46 2.47 2.1 E 2.43 1.94 2.38 198 1.75 1.84 1.99 1.46 1.62 1.68 1.9 199 1.54 U 2.8 1.78 E 1.45 1.36 2.14 1.84 2 1.36 2.6 1.88 1.38 1.26 1.57 1.64 Present year * 1.43 (213) U 1.88 (212) 2. (211) 1.36 (211) 1.42 (211) 1.9 (211) Sources: Japan Vital Statistics, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW Other than Japan Demographic Yearbook, UN Except for U National Vital Statistics Reports, NCHS E Recent demographic developments in Europe, Council of Europe (Note) 1. The figures for Germany up to 199 are those of former West Germany. The figures for the U.K. up to 1985 are for those of England and Wales combined. 2. The figures indicated by * are approximates. 1.91 (211) 8

Life Expectancy at Birth Overview Trends in Life Expectancy (Unit: years) Year Age Age 2 Male Age 4 Age 65 Age 9 Age Age 2 Female Age 4 Age 65 Age 9 1947 5.6 4.89 26.88 1.16 2.56 53.96 44.87 3.39 12.22 2.45 1951952 59.57 46.43 29.65 11.35 2.7 62.97 49.58 32.77 13.36 2.72 1955 63.6 48.47 3.85 11.82 2.87 67.75 52.25 34.34 14.13 3.12 196 65.32 49.8 31.2 11.62 2.69 7.19 53.39 34.9 14.1 2.99 1965 67.74 5.18 31.73 11.88 2.56 72.92 54.85 35.91 14.56 2.96 197 69.31 51.26 32.68 12.5 2.75 74.66 56.11 37.1 15.34 3.26 1975 71.73 53.27 34.41 13.72 3.5 76.89 58.4 38.76 16.56 3.39 198 73.35 54.56 35.52 14.56 3.17 78.76 59.66 4.23 17.68 3.55 1985 74.78 55.74 36.63 15.52 3.28 8.48 61.2 41.72 18.94 3.82 199 75.92 56.77 37.58 16.22 3.51 81.9 62.54 43. 2.3 4.18 1995 76.38 57.16 37.96 16.48 3.58 82.85 63.46 43.91 2.94 4.64 1997 77.19 57.86 38.62 17.2 3.81 83.82 64.36 44.79 21.75 5.3 1998 77.16 57.85 38.66 17.13 3.86 84.1 64.56 45.1 21.96 5.15 1999 77.1 57.74 38.56 17.2 3.76 83.99 64.5 44.94 21.89 5.5 2 77.72 58.33 39.13 17.54 4.1 84.6 65.8 45.52 22.42 5.29 21 78.7 58.64 39.43 17.78 4.19 84.93 65.39 45.82 22.68 5.41 22 78.32 58.87 39.64 17.96 4.29 85.23 65.69 46.12 22.96 5.56 23 78.36 58.89 39.67 18.2 4.26 85.33 65.79 46.22 23.4 5.57 24 78.64 59.15 39.93 18.21 4.36 85.59 66.1 46.44 23.28 5.69 25 78.56 59.8 39.86 18.13 4.15 85.52 65.93 46.38 23.19 5.53 26 79. 59.49 4.25 18.45 4.32 85.81 66.22 46.66 23.44 5.66 27 79.19 59.66 4.4 18.56 4.4 85.99 66.39 46.82 23.59 5.72 28 79.29 59.75 4.49 18.6 4.36 86.5 66.45 46.89 23.64 5.71 29 79.59 6.4 4.78 18.88 4.48 86.44 66.81 47.25 23.97 5.86 21 79.55 59.99 4.73 18.74 4.19 86.3 66.67 47.8 23.8 5.53 211 79.44 59.93 4.69 18.69 4.14 85.9 66.35 46.84 23.66 5.46 212 79.94 6.36 41.5 18.89 4.16 86.41 66.78 47.17 23.82 5.47 Source: Complete Life Tables (up to 1995 and 2, 25, 21) and Abridged Life Tables (other years), Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) The figures up to 197 exclude those for Okinawa Prefecture. Life expectancy at age is the life expectancy at birth. Region North America Asia Europe Oceania Country Japan U.S.A. Israel Korea France Iceland Italy Norway Sweden Switzerland U.K. Australia (Note) Data are provided by the relevant governments. International Comparison of Life Expectancy at Birth Reference period for the data 212 211 211 211 212 212 211 212 212 211 29211 29211 Male 79.94 76.3 8. 77.6 78.4 8.8 79.4 79.42 79.87 8.3 78.66 79.7 Female 86.41 81.1 83.6 84.5 84.8 83.9 84.5 83.41 83.54 84.7 82.64 84.2 (Unit: years) 9

Trends in Death Rates for Leading Causes of Death (per 1, population) Death rate (per 1, population) 28 26 24 22 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Malignant neoplasms Heart diseases (excluding hypertensive diseases) Pneumonia Cerebrovascular diseases Accidents Suicide Diseases of liver Tuberculosis 195 6 7 8 9 2 1 13 (Year) Source: Vital Statistics, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. Cases of death may not match completely due to the revision of categories of cases of death. 2. The figures for 213 are approximates. Year 1899 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 1975 198 1985 199 1995 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 * 213 Malignant neoplasms 44.7 67.1 72.6 7.6 72.1 77.4 1.4 116.3 122.6 139.1 156.1 177.2 211.6 22.4 226.7 231.6 235.2 238.8 241.7 245.4 253.9 258.3 261. 266.9 272.3 273.5 279.7 283.2 286.6 29.1 Heart diseases (excluding hypertensive diseases) 48.6 65. 63.5 63.8 63.3 64.2 73.2 86.7 89.2 16.2 117.3 134.8 112. 112.2 114.3 12.4 116.8 117.8 121. 126.5 126.5 137.2 137.2 139.2 144.4 143.7 149.8 154.5 157.9 156.4 Pneumonia Cerebrovascular Accidents Suicide diseases 99.8 142.1 313.9 156.8 154.4 65.1 4.2 27.1 27.4 28.4 37.5 55.6 64.1 63.1 63.8 74.9 69.2 67.8 69.4 75.3 75.7 85. 85. 87.4 91.6 89. 94.1 98.9 98.4 97.8 17.5 131.9 157.6 162.8 177.7 127.1 16.7 175.8 156.7 139.5 112.2 99.4 117.9 111. 11. 11.8 15.5 14.7 13.4 14.7 12.3 15.3 11.7 1.8 1.9 97.2 97.7 98.2 96.5 94.1 5.1 44.7 46.8 4.8 39.5 39.5 41.7 42.5 3.3 25.1 24.6 26.2 36.5 31.1 31.1 32. 31.4 31.4 3.7 3.7 3.3 31.6 3.3 3.1 3.3 3. 32.2 47.1 32.6 31.4 Source: Vital Statistics, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) The figures indicated by * are approximates. 13.7 19.1 19. 21.6 13.7 19.6 21.6 15.3 18. 17.7 19.4 16.4 17.2 18.8 25.4 25. 24.1 23.3 23.8 25.5 24. 24.2 23.7 24.4 24. 24.4 23.4 22.9 21. 2.7 Diseases of liver 17.2 2.2 16.2 12.3 1.4 14.3 16.6 16.3 16.3 16.5 16.1 13.7 13.3 12.9 13.2 12.8 12.6 12.3 12.5 12.6 13. 12.9 12.8 12.9 12.7 12.8 13. 12.7 12.7 Tuberculosis 155.7 23.2 223.7 185.6 212.9 146.4 34.2 15.4 9.5 5.5 3.9 3. 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 2. 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1

Trends in death (1, persons) 1,8 1,6 Projected figures 1,4 1,2 239 1.66 million persons 1, 8 Actual figures 6 4 2 1951 55 6 65 7 75 8 85 89 93 98 23 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48 53 58 63 68 72 Source: Up to 213 Vital Statistics, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW After 213 Population Projection for Japan (January 212) (live birth: mediumvariant, deaths: mediumvariant), National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (Note) The figures for 213 are approximates. 11

Household Structure (1, households) (Persons) 48,17 5, 6 5. 45, 4, Average number of household members Number of households 5 Number of households Overview 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 1953 17,18 Changes in Number of Households and Average Number of Household Members 6 7 8 9 95 4 3 2.57 2 1 212 (Year) Source: Up to 1985 Basic Survey on Health and Welfare Administration, Statistics and Information Department, Minister s Secretariat, MHW From 1986 on Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 29,Statistics and Information Department, Minister s Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. The figures for 1995 exclude Hyogo Prefecture. 2. The figures for 211 exclude Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures. 3. The figures for 212 exclude Fukushima Prefecture. Average number of household members 12

Detailed Data Changes in Number of Households by Household Structure Year 1975 198 1985 199 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 1975 198 1985 199 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 Total (A) 32,877 35,338 37,226 4,273 41,826 42,69 4,77 43,87 44,669 44,496 44,923 45,545 45,664 46,5 45,8 46,323 47,43 47,531 48,23 47,957 48,13 48,638 46,684 48,17 Single person households 5,991 6,42 6,85 8,446 9,32 9,21 9,213 1,287 11,156 1,627 1,585 1,988 11,17 1,8 1,673 1,817 11,58 12,43 11,983 11,928 11,955 12,386 11,787 12,16 18.2 18.1 18.4 21. 22.3 21.9 22.6 23.5 25. 23.9 23.6 24.1 24.1 23.5 23.3 23.4 24.6 25.3 25. 24.9 24.9 25.5 25.2 25.2 Total 19,34 21,318 22,744 24,154 24,836 25,13 23,997 25,855 25,911 26,96 26,963 26,938 26,894 27,682 27,352 28,61 27,872 28,25 28,658 28,664 28,89 29,97 28,281 28,993 58.7 6.3 61.1 6. 59.4 59.7 58.9 59. 58. 58.6 6. 59.1 58.9 6.2 59.7 6.6 59.2 59. 59.7 59.8 6. 59.8 6.6 6.2 Household of a couple only Nuclear family households Household of a couple and unmarried children only Estimated number (1, households) 3,877 14,43 4,619 15,22 5,423 15,64 6,695 15,398 7,393 15,291 7,784 15,194 7,488 14,398 8,258 15,155 8,661 14,93 8,781 14,951 9,164 15,443 9,422 14,924 9,43 14,872 9,887 14,954 9,781 14,9 1,161 15,125 1,295 14,69 1,198 14,826 1,636 15,15 1,73 14,732 1,688 14,89 1,994 14,922 1,575 14,443 1,977 14,668 11.8 13.1 14.6 16.6 17.7 18.5 18.4 18.9 19.4 19.7 2.4 2.7 2.6 21.5 21.4 21.9 21.9 21.5 22.1 22.4 22.3 22.6 22.7 22.8 Household of a single parent and unmarried children only Three generations family households 5,548 5,714 5,672 5,428 5,342 5,361 5,82 5,1 4,999 5,125 4,754 4,823 4,844 4,63 4,769 4,512 4,575 4,326 4,45 4,229 4,15 3,835 3,436 3,648 Other households Elderly households (B) Estimated number (1, households) 1,89 1,684 2,192 3,113 3,913 4,252 4,39 4,866 5,159 5,614 5,791 6,261 6,654 7,182 7,25 7,874 8,349 8,462 9,9 9,252 9,623 1,27 9,581 1,241 Percentage distribution (%) (B) / (A) x 1 42.7 43.1 41.9 38.2 36.6 36.1 35.3 34.6 33.4 33.6 34.4 32.8 32.6 32.5 32.5 32.7 31.1 31.2 31.3 3.7 31. 3.7 3.9 3.5 1,385 1,48 1,718 2,6 2,152 2,125 2,112 2,442 2,347 2,364 2,356 2,592 2,618 2,841 2,67 2,774 2,968 3,2 3,6 3,22 3,23 3,18 3,263 3,348 4.2 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.7 5.7 6.2 5.8 6. 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.5 7. 6.9 16.9 16.2 15.2 13.5 12.8 12.7 12.5 11.6 11.2 11.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1. 1.4 9.7 9.7 9.1 8.4 8.8 8.4 7.9 7.4 7.6 2,34 1,94 1,959 2,245 2,328 2,44 2,478 2,565 2,63 2,648 2,621 2,796 2,99 2,919 3,6 2,934 3,16 3,137 3,337 3,136 3,234 3,32 3,18 3,37 6.2 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.7 6.1 5.9 5.8 6. 5.8 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.9 6.5 6.7 6.8 6.8 7. 3.3 4.8 5.9 7.7 9.4 1.1 1.8 11.1 11.5 12.6 12.9 13.7 14.6 15.6 15.8 17. 17.7 17.8 18.8 19.3 2. 21. 2.5 21.3 Source: Up to 1985 Basic Survey on Health and Welfare Administration, Statistics and Information Department, Minister s Secretariat, MHW From 1986 on Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions, Statistics and Information Department, Minister s Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. (1) Singles person households indicates a household of one person. (2) Household of a couple only indicates a household consisting only of a householder and his/her spouse. (3) Household of a couple and unmarried children only indicates a household consisting only of a couple and their unmarried children. (4) Household of a single parent and unmarried children only indicates a household consisting only of either father or mother and his/her unmarried children. (5) Three generations family households indicates a household consisting of lineal three or more generations centered by the householder. (6) Other households indicates households other than those mentioned in (1)(5) above. 2. Elderly household indicates a household consisting of persons aged 65 or older possibly with unmarried persons younger than 18. 3. The figures for 1995 exclude Hyogo Prefecture. 4. The figures for 211 exclude Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures. 5. The figures for 212 exclude Fukushima Prefecture. 13

Income Detailed Data 1 Average Income per Household and per Household Member, by Age Group of Householder Total Aged 29 and younger Aged 39 449 559 669 Aged 7 and over (Regrouped) Aged 65 and over Average income per household ( 1,) 548.2 314.6 547.8 669. 764.3 541. 43.8 427.2 Average income per household member ( 1,) 28.3 171.6 18.9 24.4 254.8 213.9 188. 19.6 Source: Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 212, Statistics and Information Department, Minister s Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. Total includes age unknown. 2. The figures exclude Fukushima Prefecture. Detailed Data 2 Average Income Per Household and its Percentage Distribution, by Type of Income Total Income Earned Income Public Pension and Onkyu Pension Property Income Average Income per Household (Unit: 1,) Social Security Benefits other than Pension Remittance, Corporate Pension, Personal Pension, and Other Income All Households 548.2 49.5 1.7 16.3 8.6 13.2 Aged households 33.6 59.2 29.8 17.6 2.3 14.6 Households with children 697. 626.2 27.1 11.2 25.8 6.8 Percentage Distribution of the Average Income per Household (Unit: %) All Households 74.7 18.4 3. 1.6 2.4 Aged households 19.5 69.1 5.8.8 4.8 Households with children 89.8 3.9 1.6 3.7 1. Source: Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 212, Statistics and Information Department, Minister s Secretariat, MHLW (Note) The figures exclude Fukushima Prefecture. 14

Basic Data on Labour Economy Detailed Data 1 (1, persons) 7, 6, 5, 6,384 65 or older Age 664 Changes in Labour Force Population 36 (5.6) 372 (5.8) 6,766 494 (7.3) 426 (6.3) 6,555 6,495 69 6,285 (9.3) 74 (11.4) 76 (12.1) 626 (9.5) 494 (7.6) 599 (9.5) 4, 3, Age 359 4,177 (65.4) 4,26 (63.) 4,195 (64.) 4,23 (64.7) 3,914 (62.3) 2, 1, Age 1529 1,475 (23.1) 1,588 (23.5) 1,125 (17.2) 1,58 (16.3) 199 2 212 22 23 Source: 199, 2, and 212 Labour Force Survey, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 22 and 23 Estimates made by the Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training (JILPT) (Note) 1. The figures in parentheses indicate percentage distribution. 2. The sum of the estimates for the age groups may not equal the total due to rounding. 3. 22 and 23 estimate figures are based on the case where economic growth and labour participation make appropriate progress (a case where high growth that takes into consideration that Strategy for Rebirth of Japan is achieved and participation in the labour market appropriately progresses). 4. The estimates are based on Labour Force Survey in 212. 1,12 (16.1) Detailed Data 2 (%) 9. 8. 7. Labour Force Participation Rate of males in 1993 Changes in Labour Force Participation Rates by Gender and Age Group Labour Force Participation Rate of males in 23 Labour Force Participation Rate of males in 213 6. 5. 4. 3. Labour Force Participation Rate of females in 23 Labour Force Participation Rate of females in 213 Labour Force Participation Rate of females in 1993 2. 1.. Age 1519 Age 224 Age 2529 Age 334 Age 3539 Age 444 Age 4549 Age 554 Age 5559 Age 664 65 or older Source: Labour Force Survey, Statistics Bureau, MIC 15

Detailed Data 3 (%) 12. 1. 8. 6. Unemployment rate of age 1524 (scale on left) Changes in Number of Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rate by Age Group Unemployment rate of age 3544 (scale on left) Unemployment rate of age 5564 (scale on left) Unemployment rate of all age groups (scale on left) Unemployment rate of 65 or older (scale on left) Unemployment rate of age 4554 (scale on left) Unemployment rate of age 2534 (scale on left) (1, persons) 4 Number of unemployed persons (scale on right) 35 3 25 2 4. 15 1 2. 5. 1975 76 77 78 79 8 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 Source: Labour Force Survey, Statistics Bureau, MIC (Year) (Note) The figures for 211 are supplementary reference estimates. Detailed Data 4 Changes in Job Openings, Applications, and Job Openingstoapplicants Ratio (1, persons) 25 Monthly active applications (scale on left) 2 Monthly active job openings (scale on left) Active job openingstoapplicants ratio (scale on right) (times) 1.6 1.4 1.2 15 1..8 1.6 5.4.2 1976 77 78 79 8 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2 1 Source: Report on Employment Service, Employment Security Bureau, MHLW (Note) Excluding new school graduates and including parttimers. 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8 9 1 11 12 13 (Year) 16

Detailed Data 5 (%) 6. 5. Changes in Total Cash Earnings and Scheduled Cash Earnings Changes in total cash earnings 4. 3. Changes in scheduled cash earnings 2. 1.. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1981 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2 1 Source: Monthly Labour Survey, Statistics and Information Department, Minister s Secretariat, MHLW (Note) Establishments with 3 employees or more. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 (Year) Detailed Data 6 (hour) 23 Changes in Annual Hours Worked (establishments with 3 employees or more) (hour) 7 22 2213 223 216 6 21 2 19 18 17 16 295 217 214 212 21 277 295 215 214 Total annual hours worked (scale on the left) 2116 215 2112 288 297 21 238 276 244 224 Annual scheduled hours worked (scale on the left) 28 198 1953 1955 1958 1939 1936 1932 1938 1954 19471947 1954 1943 1912 1912 194 194 1933 193 1888 1896 199 1913 1859 1868 1854 1853 1843 1842 185 1838 1848 1813 1814 1841 1834 1834 1794 1798 1775 Annual nonscheduled hours worked (scale on the right) 1764 1778 1794 1794 177 1748 1777 18 182 188 188 179 179 185 175 1734 17141714 172176 1686 165 171 172 17 1685 161 161 16 151 156 171 1682 169 1668 141 141 144 144 148 148 14 139 147 13 131 133 138 134 134 133 1643 165 1649 1654 1643 149 152 156 16 145 134 144 144 145 151 5 4 3 2 1 15 1971 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 Source: Monthly Labour Survey, Statistics and Information Department, Minister s Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. The figures were calculated by multiplying the monthly average by 12 and rounding to the whole number. 2. The figures for annual nonscheduled hours worked were calculated by subtracting annual scheduled hours worked from total annual hours worked. 3. The figures before FY1983 were calculated by adding up the monthly figures. (FY) 17

Social SecurityRelated Expenditure (National Budget) Overview Changes in Social SecurityRelated Expenditure in National Budget (Unit: 1 million, %) Category 8 85 9 95 2 5 Category 9 1 11 12 13 14 Social securityrelated 82,124() 95,74() 116,154() 139,244() 167,666() 23,88() Social securityrelated 248,344() 272,686() 287,79() 263,91() 291,224() 35,175() Public assistance 9,559 (11.6) 1,816 (11.3) 11,87 (9.5) 1,532 (7.6) 12,36 (7.3) 19,23 (9.4) Pension/ health care/ 196,4 (78.9) 23,363 (74.6) 21,366 (73.3) 19,845 (72.3) 218,475 (75.) 225,557 (73.9) longterm care Social welfare 13,698 (16.7) 2,42 (2.9) 24,56 (2.7) 34,728 (24.9) 36,58 (21.8) 16,443 (8.1) Public assistance 2,969 (8.4) 22,388 (8.2) 26,65 (9.1) 28,319 (1.7) 28,614 (9.8) 29,222 (9.6) Social insurance 51,95 (62.2) 56,587 (59.1) 71,953 (61.9) 84,7 (6.8) 19,551 (65.3) 158,638 (77.8) Social welfare 25,91 (1.1) 39,35 (14.4) 44,194 (15.4) 38,746 (14.7) 38,61 (13.3) 44,48 (14.6) Public health services 3,981 (4.8) 4,621 (4.8) 5,587 (4.8) 6,348 (4.6) 5,434 (3.2) 4,832 (2.4) Public health services 4,346 (1.8) 4,262 (1.6) 3,95 (1.4) 3,788 (1.4) 3,539 (1.2) 4,93 (1.3) Unemployment 3,791 (4.6) 3,674 (3.8) 3,471 (3.) 2,936 (2.1) 3,795 (2.3) 4,664 (2.3) Employment and 1,934 (.8) 3,367 (1.2) 2,549 (.9) 2,24 (.8) 1,986 (.7) 1,824 (.6) rmeasures industrial accident MHLW budget 86,416 (7.5) 99,92 (2.6) 12,521 (6.4) 144,766 (2.9) 174,251 (3.9) 28,178 (3.1) MHLW budget 251,568 (13.7) 275,561 (9.5) 289,638 (5.1) 266,873 ( 7.9) (*) 294,316 (1.3) 37,43 (4.5) General expenditures 37,332 (1.3) 325,854 (.) 353,731 (3.8) 421,417 (3.1) 48,914 (2.6) 472,829 (.7) General expenditures 517,31 (9.4) 534,542 (3.3) 54,78 (1.2) 512,45 ( 5.2) 539,774 (5.3) 564,697 (4.6) Source: Finance Division, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. The sums in the breakdown may not equal the total due to rounding. 2. The figures in parentheses indicate the percentage distribution, except for figures for the MHLW budget and general expenditures that indicate the rate of increase from the previous year. indicates a decrease. 3. The figures for MHLW budget up to FY21 were calculated as the sum of the budget of the former Ministry of Health and Welfare and that of the Ministry of Labour. 4. Categories of social securityrelated expenses were reviewed in FY29 budget. 5. The FY212 pension difference portion (i.e. the difference between the state subsidy rate for basic pension of 1/2 and 36.5% (*)) was originally intended to be financed by government bonds for pension funds but was then changed to stopgap public bonds (special bonds for covering public pension funding). It was increased in the FY212 supplementary budget. Detailed Data Changes in the General Account Expenditure Budget Classified by Expense Item Allocated for MHLW (Unit: million) Expenditure for public assistance Expenditure for social welfare Miscellaneous social welfare expenses Development of social welfare facilities Protection for children Miscellaneous expenses for child rearing allowance Welfare for fatherless families Rehabilitation protective care for women Protection for persons disabilities Miscellaneous expenses for benefits, including special child rearing allowance Welfare for elderly Operation of the Welfare And Medical Service Agency Operation of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Development of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Miscellaneous expenses for services and supports for persons with disabilities National rehabilitation facilities Expenditure for social insurance State subsidy for child allowance Promotion for LongTerm Care Insurance Miscellaneous expenses for medical care for elderly and LongTerm Care Insurance LongTerm Care Insurance subsidies Health Insurance Society subsidies National Health Insurance subsidies Implementation of Farmers Pension Pension Fund Association subsidies National Pension Fund subsidies, etc. State subsidy for social insurance State subsidy for Employees' Pension Insurance State subsidy for National Pension State subsidy for special disability benefits Expenditure for public health services Miscellaneous expenses for public health services Development of public health facilities Measures for atomic bomb casualties Facilities of National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims Medical care for tuberculosis Management of national hospitals and clinics Facilities of national hospitals and clinics Management of National Centers for Advanced and Specialized Medical Care Facilities of National Centers for Advanced and Specialized Medical Care Operation of the National Hospital Organization Development of the National Hospital Organization facilities Facilities of the National Hansen's Disease Museum Mental health care Implementation of medical care and treatment, etc. Quarantine stations National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Expenditure for unemployment measures Projects for employment in specialized area development Projects for job conversion measures State subsidy for employment insurance Others Total amount of the General Account budget allocated for MHLW Total amount of the General Account budget FY198 85 9 95 2 5 955,926 1,369,775 24,282 122,196 482,936 149,21 3,95 2,181 38,844 63,58 476,119 6,126 5,6,215 79,771 5,188 2,123,17 776 1,157,85 1,689,611 396,968 66,33 1,36 82,317 5,683 71,37 5,527 83,499 3,822 23,411 377,16 6,933 12,297 267,876 481,585 8,641,575 42,588,843 1,81,537 2,4,211 33,98 82,298 484,79 265,189 4,8 1,565 51,732 9,25 984,113 6,275 5,569,386 64,75 5,431 2,18,87 1,2 681,774 913,528 1,868,721 461,27 99,885 8,67 1,995 33,138 118,358 3,755 63,796 4,44 28,17 367,139 6,63 67,954 293,122 58,56 9,991,987 52,499,643 1,18,748 2,45,589 78,263 112,72 439,994 219,851 3,6 1,285 52,47 86,883 1,42,738 7,82 7,9,824 28,485 9,739 2,549,31 1,245 934,626 2,144,172 1,422,989 557,679 122,432 18,891 121,535 26,298 173,979 7,65 48,717 5,33 32,874 345,867 6,158 45,384 294,325 534,428 12,52,135 66,236,791 1,53,18 3,472,812 24,96 166,44 589,129 231,4 3,4 1,552 79,135 12,173 2,85,439 1,84 8,312,699 14,391 23,479 2,819,398 1,616 1,42 1,13,844 2,829,544 1,518,36 634,187 19,62 34,922 145,62 33 16,135 233,78 14,825 31,771 7,799 39,72 293,434 6,798 31,627 255,9 71,246 14,476,558 7,987,12 1,23,558 3,657,991 29,719 155,674 763,66 262,889 5,49 1,617 18,36 11,949 2,28,696 1,992 1,863,311 128,453 1,1,482 26,785 3,354,675 1,173 3,319 1,7,755 3,72,886 1,546,15 542,11 81,414 46,372 156,35 1,993 8,411 13,785 9,591 57,659 8,369 41,47 378,661 6,985 35,397 336,279 752,48 17,425,1 84,987,53 1,922,972 1,644,326 165,895 115,425 724,41 325,244 5,11 2,82 117,693 123,963 3,887 4,765 2,71 11 41,923 11,127 15,78,833 317,475 11,442 4,286,754 13,339 3,739,112 1,82 989,22 4,539,45 1,799,637 1,11 481,99 78,999 19,986 152,417 6,864 46,922 673 51,353 3,658 925 62,896 7,798 8,624 4,794 465,959 5,373 34,447 426,139 593,827 2,817,827 82,182,918 18

Expenditure for public assistance Expenditure for social welfare Support measures for atomic bomb casualties, etc Promotion of drug safety measures, etc. Community child rearing support measures Operation of daycare centers Child abuse prevention measures Maternal and child health measures Measures for fatherless families, etc. Development of child welfare facilities Promotion of community welfare Miscellaneous social welfare expenses Health and welfare for persons with disabilities Operation of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Development of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Development of social welfare facilities Operation of the Welfare And Medical Service Agency Promotion of daily life support for elderly Common expenses for national rehabilitation facilities National rehabilitation facilities Operation of National Homes for Juvenile Training and Education Operation of national rehabilitation facilities Expenditure for social insurance Miscellaneous expenses for health care insurance benefits Transfer of insurance benefits, etc. to Special Account for National Pension Promotion of medical expenditure control Transfer of promotion expenses of medical expenditure control to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of expenses for sickness insurance benefits, etc. to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Transfer of expenses for pension benefits in the course of duties to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Transfer of operation expenses to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Transfer of child allowance to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of expenses for special disability benefits to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of contributions for Basic Pension, etc. to Special Account for National Pension Promotion and dissemination of corporate pension, etc. Promotion of daily life support for elderly Promotion of longterm care insurance operation Transfer of longterm care insurance levies to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of operation expenses to Special Account for National Pension Expenditure for public health services Transfer of management expenses, etc. to Special Account for National Advanced and Specialized Medical Center Transfer of facility expenses, etc. to Special Account for National Advanced and Specialized Medical Center Operation of the National Hospital Organization Development of the National Hospital Organization facilities Measures against infectious diseases Measures against specific diseases, etc. Promotion of medical transplantation Support measures for atomic bomb casualties, etc Measures for blood products Measures for securing important drugs Promotion of research and development of drugs Measures for regional health services Development of public health facilities Measures for health promotion Promotion of health risk management Measures against narcotics and stimulants, etc. Measures for environmental health Health and welfare for persons with disabilities Facilities of quarantine stations Implementation of quarantine duties, etc. Common expenses for National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Facilities of National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Operation of National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Expenditure for unemployment measures Measures for creating regional employment opportunities Employment security/promotion for elderly, etc. Transfer of unemployment, etc. benefits to Special Account for Labour Insurance Transfer of expenses for unemployment insurance benefits to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Vocational ability enhancement Vocational ability development support for young people, etc. Vocational ability development support for persons with disabilities, etc. Others Total amount of the General Account budget allocated for MHLW Total amount of the General Account budget 28 2,5,336 1,658,895 1,887 113 37,5 327,626 82,5 8,27 166,724 13,716 19,5 42,784 922,616 2,596 9 12,886 4,281 6,279 6,697 889 167 2,224 17,345,415 6,995,86 381,429 53,674 1,779 3,25 13 74 256,392 11,674 7,425,782 2,46 68,259 1,923,562 38,65 182,755 48,123 37,721 6,3 47,854 3,32 25,49 6,54 2,347 149,425 1,142 83 1,162 2,668 1,7 14,86 29 1,98 725 23,418 5 447 21,196 16,741 43,214 195,418 978 22,238 161,189 214 3,351 3,634 3,812 59,7 22,122,257 83,61,34 Pension/health care/longterm care insurance benefits Miscellaneous expenses for health care insurance benefits Transfer of expenses for sickness insurance benefits, etc. to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of contributions for Basic Pension, etc. to Special Account for National Pension Promotion of longterm care insurance operation Expenditure for public assistance Expenditure for social welfare Support measures for atomic bomb casualties, etc Promotion of drug safety measures, etc. Miscellaneous expenses for health care insurance benefits Transfer of miscellaneous expenses for health insurance business debts to Special Account for National Pension Promotion of medical expenditure control Transfer of expenses for sickness insurance benefits, etc. to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Transfer of operation expenses to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Community child rearing support measures Operation of daycare centers Transfer of benefits for children by way of performance in money to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of child allowance to Special Account for National Pension Child abuse prevention measures Maternal and child health measures Measures for fatherless families, etc. Children and childcare support measures Development of child welfare facilities Promotion of community welfare Miscellaneous social welfare expenses Health and welfare for persons with disabilities Operation of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Development of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Transfer of expenses for special disability benefits to Special Account for National Pension Development of social welfare facilities Operation of the Welfare And Medical Service Agency Operation of public pension systems Transfer of contributions for Basic Pension, etc. to Special Account for National Pension Appropriate operation of corporate pension, etc. Promotion of daily life support for elderly Promotion of longterm care insurance operation Transfer of operation expenses to Special Account for National Pension Common expenses for national rehabilitation facilities National rehabilitation facilities Operation of National Homes for Juvenile Training and Education Operation of national rehabilitation facilities Transfer of disaster measures promotion to Special account for reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake Expenditure for public health services Measures for securing medical service provision system Promotion of medical safety Transfer of management expenses, etc. to Special Account for National Advanced and Specialized Medical Center Transfer of facility expenses, etc. to Special Account for National Advanced and Specialized Medical Center Operation of the National Hospital Organization Development of the National Hospital Organization facilities Operation of the National Cancer Center Development of facilities of the National Cancer Center Operation of the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Operation of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Development of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Operation of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine Development of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine Operation of the National Center for Child Health and Development Development of the National Center for Child Health and Development Development of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Operation of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Measures against infectious diseases Measures against specific diseases, etc. Facilities of the National Hansen's Disease Museum Promotion of medical transplantation Support measures for atomic bomb casualties, etc Measures for blood products Measures for securing important drugs Promotion of research and development of drugs Development of medical service provision system/infrastructure Measures for regional health services Development of public health facilities Measures for health promotion Promotion of health risk management Measures against narcotics and stimulants, etc. Measures for environmental health Health and welfare for persons with disabilities Common expenses for quarantine stations Implementation of quarantine duties, etc. Implementation of imported food inspection Common expenses for National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Facilities of National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Operation of National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Employment and industrial accident measures Transfer of insurance benefits of Workers' Accident Compensation Insurance to Special Account for Labour Insurance Transfer of expenses for pension benefits in the course of duties to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Transfer of expenses for pension benefits in the course of duties to Special Account for National Pension Employment security/promotion for elderly, etc. Transfer of unemployment, etc. benefits to Special Account for Labour Insurance Transfer of expenses for employment support projects to Special Account for Labour Insurance Transfer of expenses for unemployment insurance benefits to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Vocational ability enhancement Vocational ability development support for young people, etc. Vocational ability development support for persons with disabilities, etc. Others Total amount of the General Account budget allocated for MHLW Total amount of the General Account budget 9 1 19,545,113 7,718,462 2,25 9,854,459 1,969,942 2,96,888 2,383,68 1,887 11 65,272 17,857 48,782 25 565 38,8 34,12 252,3 84,39 8,127 169,314 5,33 21, 41,39 941,784 2,382 9,959 11,448 4,138 4,811 2,579 74,38 49,425 178,578 6,657 231 171 2,185 433,337 4,124 467 41,497 4,757 45,972 3,217 23,584 5,86 2,275 148,893 1,136 7,453 1,15 47,69 2,86 735 13,74 198 931 1,3 3,384 6,572 687 2,594 19,957 5,634 11,335 193,286 41 1 2 22,319 16,175 157 3,351 3,568 3,34 54,614 25,156,846 88,548,1 2,274,779 8,72,46 1,122,389 2,8,345 2,238,82 3,84,447 1,587 13 81,692 15,29 29,793 36,1 353,362 1,514,767 85,934 11,471 176,413 5,33 24, 39,654 1,64,664 2,264 291 8,543 11,14 4,121 3,317 1,56 75,793 36,37 211,831 6,478 755 171 2,152 424,918 2,538 386 43,682 3,121 8,83 52 5,92 4,595 1,618 8,455 742 5,8 3,459 28,43 5,71 2,541 15,716 988 2,74 1,198 4,759 4,944 1,229 15,822 16 1,98 1,229 33,585 6,865 841 2,299 19,31 5,238 11,73 336,317 371 4 25,72 31,4 3,348 2,769 3,66 476,818 27,556,99 92,299,193 11 2,97,322 8,393,427 1,373,215 2,23,68 2,66,511 4,294,558 1,178 99 7,343 8,334 24,75 374,382 1,959,84 87,71 13,235 185,52 5, 3, 2, 33,822 1,128,598 2,261 7,891 11,727 3,948 2,28 1,48 69,659 18,313 26,43 6,46 1,217 167 2,7 389,176 2,881 362 36,22 8,755 51 5,428 4,513 7,514 261 4,666 4 3,613 24,954 5,492 2,493 143,733 879 754 3,374 32,149 2,15 783 21,129 113 1,57 1,532 29,81 6,675 713 1,964 18,75 4,936 1,764 254,689 333 4 13,289 215,551 17,266 3,347 2,39 2,861 448,586 28,963,843 92,411,613 12 19,35,41 8,63,613 8,92,266 2,339,162 2,831,887 3,749,37 945 94 65,746 14,86 25,8 396,225 1,285,832 93,564 13,945 185,635 3,7 2,7 23,724 33,447 1,247,639 1,977 7,698 6,93 3,571 2,238 1,596 69,78 14,534 211,88 6,151 35 17 2,34 378,775 2,962 333 28,623 8,24 5,91 4,761 45 7,321 1 4,45 451 3,852 24,111 5,373 225 2,449 144,59 846 4,834 3,27 1,896 883 18,744 65 946 1,587 32,946 6,777 669 1,84 18,33 4,86 1,792 22,196 317 4 12,2 171,369 28,516 3,447 2,38 2,54 472,118 26,687,323 (*) 9,333,932 13 (Unit: million) 21,787,29 8,878,863 1,416,78 2,491,638 2,861,438 3,738,691 695 88 58,575 11,943 24,886 425,625 1,258,25 96,537 12,872 192,77 2,3 25, 37,118 1,346,448 1,845 7,352 5,937 3,353 463 2,22 1,821 67,147 12,25 132,491 5,739 169 156 2,392 3,187 353,897 3,281 397 22,958 7,425 29 4,65 4,534 42 6,914 333 3,996 3,477 236 19,271 4,727 36 2,59 144,699 49 3,41 27,774 1,814 883 14,686 65 945 1,75 29,829 6,195 713 2,826 17,139 4,62 1,676 198,458 277 4 1,99 167,144 14,451 3,448 161 2,65 492,48 29,432,11 92,611,539 Source: Finance Division, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. The sums in the breakdown may not equal the total due to rounding. 2. The figures for MHLW budget up to FY21 were calculated as the sum of the budget of the former Ministry of Health and Welfare and that of the Ministry of Labour. 3. The budget items have been arranged in FY28 budget in order to strengthen the coordination between policy evaluation and budget/settled account. 4. Categories of social securityrelated expenses were reviewed in FY29 budget. 5. The FY212 pension difference portion (i.e. the difference between the state subsidy rate for basic pension of 1/2 and 36.5% (*)) was originally intended to be financed by government bonds for pension funds but was then changed to stopgap public bonds (special bonds for covering public pension funding). It was increased in the FY212 supplementary budget. 14 22,489,69 9,157,59 1,75,86 2,625,672 2,922,167 4,222,349 695 85 318,497 11,877 22,99 458,111 1,239,565 11,762 7,869 187,85 13,83 3,5 15, 36,383 1,453,643 1,99 1 7,44 3,745 3,47 3,991 1,64 2,12 68,573 12,712 12,123 6,126 381 153 2,496 49,277 3,766 398 19,788 6,687 52 4,316 4,292 137 6,317 674 3,587 3,58 137 2,46 21,6 2,596 141,531 487 3,93 79,354 1,814 883 1,8 65 944 1,877 28,48 6,728 677 1,563 18,135 3,957 1,63 182,25 25 6 1,745 153,565 12,366 3,348 25 1,811 517,914 3,743,27 95,882,33 19

Social Security Benefits Overview Trends in Social Security Benefits National Income ( trillion) A Total Benefits ( trillion) B (Breakdown) Pension Medical services Welfare, etc. B / A 197 61. 3.5 (%).9 (24.3%) 2.1 (58.9%).6 (16.8%) 5.77% 198 23.9 24.8 (%) 1.5 (42.2%) 1.7 (43.3%) 3.6 (14.5%) 12.15% 199 346.9 47.2 (%) 24. (5.9%) 18.4 (38.9%) 4.8 (1.2%) 13.61% 2 371.8 78.1 (%) 41.2 (52.7%) 26. (33.3%) 1.9 (14.%) 21.1% 214 (budget based) 37.5 115.2 (%) 56. (48.6%) 37. (32.1%) 22.2 (19.3%) 31.9% ( trillion) 12 ( 1,) 1 115.2 11 Pension 14.7 9 1 Medical services Welfare, etc. 8 9 Social security benefits per person 8 78.1 7 7 6 6 5 5 47.2 Pension 4 4 Social security benefits per person (scale on the right) 3 3 2 24.8 Medical services 2 1 1 3.5.1.7 Welfare, etc. 195 196 197 198 199 2 21 214 (budget based) Source: Social Security Benefits FY211, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research FY212214 (budget based) Estimated by the MHLW National Income for FY214 Fiscal 214 Economic Outlook and Basic Stance for Economic and Fiscal Management (Decided by the Cabinet on January 24, 214) (Note) The figures shown in the diagram are social security benefits ( trillion) of FY195, FY196, FY197, FY198, FY199, FY2, 21, and FY214 (budget based). 2

Detailed Data 1 Changes in Social Security Benefits by Category Social security benefits FY Total ( 1 million) Medical services ( 1 million) Percentage distribution (%) Pension/other welfare ( 1 million) Percentage distribution (%) 195 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 196 1961 1962 1963 1,261 1,571 2,194 2,577 3,841 3,893 3,986 4,357 5,8 5,778 6,553 7,9 9,219 11,214 646 84 1,149 1,48 1,712 1,919 2,18 2,224 2,99 2,523 2,942 3,85 4,699 5,885 51.2 51.1 52.3 57.5 44.6 49.3 5.6 51. 41.3 43.7 44.9 48.7 51. 52.5 615 768 1,46 1,96 2,129 1,974 1,969 2,133 2,981 3,255 3,611 4,5 4,52 5,329 Percentage distribution 48.8 48.9 47.7 42.5 55.4 5.7 49.4 49. 58.7 56.3 55.1 51.3 49. 47.5 Pension ( 1 million) (%) Other welfare ( 1 million) Percentage distribution (%) 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 197 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 198 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 13,475 16,37 18,67 21,644 25,96 28,752 35,239 4,258 49,845 62,587 9,27 117,693 145,165 168,868 197,763 219,832 247,736 275,638 3,973 319,733 336,396 356,798 385,918 47,337 424,582 448,785 472,166 51,33 538,231 567,986 64,69 647,191 675,462 694,16 721,421 75,45 781,334 814,112 835,895 842,8 858,91 884,879 92,973 927,31 953,622 1,1,998 1,46,793 1,74,95 7,328 9,137 1,766 12,583 14,679 16,975 2,758 22,55 28,111 34,27 47,28 57,132 68,98 76,256 89,167 97,743 17,329 115,221 124,118 13,983 135,654 142,83 151,489 16,1 166,726 175,279 183,795 195,56 29,395 218,59 228,656 24,52 251,72 253,8 254,4 263,97 259,975 266,273 262,818 266,132 271,285 281,68 286,924 295,53 31,931 314,128 329,19 34,634 54.4 57. 57.7 58.1 58.5 59. 58.9 55.9 56.4 54.8 52.3 48.5 46.9 45.2 45.1 44.5 43.3 41.8 41.2 41. 4.3 4. 39.3 39.3 39.3 39.1 38.9 38.9 38.9 38.4 37.8 37.2 37.3 36.5 35.2 35.2 33.3 32.7 31.4 31.6 31.6 31.8 31.8 31.9 31.7 31.1 31.4 31.7 3,56 3,58 4,199 4,947 5,835 6,935 8,562 1,192 12,367 16,758 26,782 38,831 53,415 65,88 78,377 89,817 14,525 12,42 133,44 144,18 154,527 168,923 187,62 199,874 21,459 225,47 24,42 256,145 274,13 29,376 31,84 334,986 349,548 363,996 384,15 399,112 412,12 425,714 443,781 447,845 455,188 468,286 478,792 488,711 51,737 523,33 529,711 53,623 22.7 21.9 22.5 22.9 23.3 24.1 24.3 25.3 24.8 26.8 29.7 33. 36.8 39. 39.6 4.9 42.2 43.7 44.3 45.1 45.9 47.3 48.6 49.1 49.6 5.2 5.9 51.1 5.9 51.1 51.3 51.8 51.7 52.4 53.2 53.2 52.7 52.3 53.1 53.1 53. 52.9 53. 52.7 52.6 51.8 5.6 49.4 3,91 3,392 3,75 4,114 4,582 4,842 5,92 7,561 9,367 11,559 16,28 21,73 23,652 26,732 3,219 32,272 35,882 39,997 43,451 44,642 46,216 45,44 46,89 47,462 47,397 48,99 47,951 5,13 54,823 59,55 65,869 71,685 74,212 77,12 83,312 87,323 19,347 122,124 129,296 128,823 131,618 134,985 137,257 142,79 149,954 173,54 187,893 23,692 Longterm care measures ( 1 million) 32,86. 41,563. 47,53. 51,559. 56,167. 58,71. 6,492. 63,584. 66,513. 71,191. 75,82. 78,881. 22.9 21.2 19.8 19. 18.3 16.8 16.8 18.8 18.8 18.5 18. 18.5 16.3 15.8 15.3 14.7 14.5 14.5 14.4 14. 13.7 12.6 12.1 11.7 11.2 1.7 1.2 1. 1.2 1.5 1.9 11.1 11. 11.1 11.5 11.6 14. 15. 15.5 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.2 15.4 15.7 17.2 17.9 18.9 (Note) 1. The figures may not add up to the total due to rounding. 2. The costs newly included at the time of data collection in FY211 are retroactively applied to the figures for FY25 and later years, and therefore larger differences exist between the figures for FY24 and FY25. 21