April June 2013 August 7, 2013 1
Outline 1 External Conditions 2 Economic Activity in Mexico 3 Monetary Policy and Inflation Determinants Forecasts and Balance of Risks 2
External Conditions Global Environment in 2Q 2013 Growth International trade kept weakening and the world economy continued showing a deceleration. Considerable downward risks to the global economy persist. Inflation In light of further weakness of the global economy and lower commodity prices: An outlook of low inflation is anticipated. Monetary Policy Desynchronization of the monetary policies of the main advanced economies central banks. The expectation that the U.S. Federal Reserve could reduce the pace of asset purchases. 3
The downside revision of the growth forecasts for 2013 continued. International trade kept losing dynamism, affecting industrial activity at the global level. GDP Growth Forecast for 2013 1/ Annual % change World Trade and Industrial Production Annual % change; s.a. 8 2 Emerging 7 6 World trade 18 12 5 6 World Advanced 3 2 World industrial production 0-6 -12 1-18 0 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 Apr-13 Jul-13 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013-2 1/ An average per region is calculated, weighting the participation of each country's GDP based on purchasing power parity relative to total world GDP. Source: Estimated by Banco de México with data from the International Monetary Fund and Consensus Forecasts. s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: CPB Netherlands.
The U.S. economy continued to recover in 2Q 2013. Particularly, employment kept improving. 1.6 3.9 I 2010 Gross Domestic Product Quarterly growth at annual rates %; s.a. 2.8 2.8 Observed -1.3 IV 2010 3.2 1..9 III 2011 3.7 1.2 2.8 II 2012 0.1 1.1 I 2013 2.3 1.7 Forecast 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 IV 2013 III 201 6 5 3 2 1 0-1 -2 12 10 8 6 2 Change in Nonfarm Payroll and Unemployment Rate Thousands of jobs and % of EAP; s.a. Unemployment rate Change in nonfarm payrolls 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 800 600 00 200 0-200 -00-600 -800 s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: BEA and Blue Chip. EAP: Economically Active Population. s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 5
The Euro zone has been going through a period of severe recession since 1Q 2012, although at the margin some economies present certain signs of recovery. Industrial Production Index Jan-2008=100; s.a. Ireland 115 110 105 Unemployment Rate % of EAP; s.a. Spain 28 2 100 Portugal 20 Germany Euro Zone 95 90 Ireland 16 Italy Portugal Spain 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 85 80 75 70 Euro Zone Italy Germany 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 12 8 s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: Eurostat. EAP: Economically Active Population. s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: Eurostat. 6
The growth of emerging economies continued moderating, in light of reduced commodity prices and lower dynamism of both domestic and external demand. Industrial Production Annual % change of 3-month moving average 0 Exports Annual % change of 3-month moving average 70 Korea 30 India 50 Mexico India Brazil China 20 10 0-10 Mexico Korea China Brazil 30 10-10 -20-30 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013-30 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013-50 Source: INEGI and Haver Analytics. Source: INEGI and Haver Analytics. 7
The Federal Reserve announced that it could begin the tapering of asset purchases in 2H 2013, which generated increases in long-term interest rates in the U.S. and other countries, in a context of high volatility in the financial markets. Advanced Economies 10-year Yields %.5 Annual Implied Volatility of U.S. Treasury Securities (MOVE) 1/ Index 10 U. K..0 120 U. S. 3.5 3.0 2.5 100 80 Germany Japan 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 60 0 20 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: Bloomberg. 0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 1/ MOVE: Merrill Lynch Option Volatility Estimate. Index of the implied volatility on 1-month Treasury at the money options on bonds maturing in 2, 5, 10 and 30 years. 'MOVE' is a trademark product of Bank of America / Merril Lynch. Source: Bloomberg. 0 8
In emerging economies, this announcement, together with a downward revision of their growth prospects, generated falls in their stock markets and a depreciation of their currencies. Stock Markets Index 02-Jan-2013=100 Chile Turkey Emerging Economies Korea 120 115 110 105 100 Exchange Rate Index 02-Jan-2013=100 Appreciation Mexico 108 106 10 102 100 95 90 Colombia 85 Mexico 80 Brazil 75 70 Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jun-13 Aug-13 98 Colombia Chile 96 9 Korea 92 Turkey 90 Brazil 88 Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jun-13 Aug-13 Source: Bloomberg. Source: Bloomberg. 9
In this context, capital outflows from emerging economies have been registered. Emerging Economies: Capital Flows (Debt and Equity) Billions of dollars Accumulated Capital Flows 10 Weekly Capital Flows 10 2013 2010 2012 2009 120 100 80 60 0 5 0 20 0-5 2011-20 -0-10 2008 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 3 9 Weeks -60-80 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013-15 Source: Emerging Portfolio Fund Research. Source: Emerging Portfolio Fund Research. 10
Given the weaker global economy and lower international commodity prices, an outlook of low inflation is anticipated in a number of countries. Commodity Prices Index 03-Jan-2006 = 100 Agricultural 290 260 World Inflation % Annual Forecast 10 9 230 200 Emerging 8 7 170 10 World 6 5 110 3 Total Energy 80 50 Advanced 2 1 20 2000 2001 2003 200 2006 2007 2009 2010 2012 2013 Source: Standard & Poor s. 2000 2002 200 2006 2008 2010 2012 201 Source: International Monetary Fund. 0 11
Outline 1 External Conditions 2 Economic Activity in Mexico 3 Monetary Policy and Inflation Determinants Forecasts and Balance of Risks 12
In 2Q 2013, the deceleration of the Mexican economy, observed since 2H 2012, intensified. Global Indicator of Economic Activity (IGAE) Index 2003=100; s.a. Industrial Activity Index 2003=100; s.a. 185 175 Services 10 135 Non-oil mining 175 165 165 Total 130 155 155 15 135 Industrial 125 120 115 Electricity Construction 15 135 125 125 110 Manufacturing 115 115 105 105 105 95 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: INEGI. Agricultural 100 95 Oil mining 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: Banco de México. 13 95 85
110 Weak external demand, exhibited since mid-2012, was reflected in the stagnation of the Mexican manufacturing production and exports. Manufacturing Production Index 2003=100; s.a. 130 Manufacturing Exports Index 2007=100; s.a. 200 Manufacturing Exports by Region of Destination Index 2007=100; s.a. 190 105 U. S. 1/ 12 Automobile 185 170 Others 170 100 95 118 112 Total 155 10 125 Total 150 130 110 90 85 Mexico 106 100 Non-automobile 95 80 65 U.S. 110 90 80 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 9 2007 2009 2011 2013 50 2007 2009 2011 2013 70 s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. 1/ Excludes high-technology industries. Available data for Mexico up to May 2013. Source: Federal Reserve and INEGI. s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: Banco de México. s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: Banco de México. 1
The recent data suggest that the gross fixed investment kept decelerating in 2Q 2013. Investment and its Components Index 2005=100; s.a. Real Value of Production in Construction Index Jan-2008=100; s.a. Machinery and equipment Total 165 155 15 135 125 Total Public Private excluding housing Private 150 130 110 90 Construction 115 105 70 95 Private housing 50 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 85 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 30 s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: Estimated by Banco de México with data from INEGI. s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: INEGI and seasonally adjusted by Banco de México in the case of public and private construction (private housing and private excluding housing). 15
Reduced public investment expenditure in the first months of 2013 contributed to lower the growth rate of domestic demand. Total Public Spending and its Components Index I-2008=100; s.a. Public investment 135 125 115 Public consumption Public spending 105 95 85 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: Estimated by Banco de México with data from Mexico s System of National Accounts (Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales), INEGI.. 75 16
Private consumption continued observing a weak growth rate in 2Q 2013. Commercial Establishments Retail Sales Index 2003=100; s.a. Consumer Confidence Index Jan-2003=100; s.a. 130 115 128 110 126 105 12 100 122 120 118 95 90 116 85 11 80 112 75 2007 2009 2011 2013 110 2007 2009 2011 2013 70 s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: INEGI. s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: INEGI and Banco de México. 17
Given the growth moderation of the Mexican economic activity, the soundness of the financial system has been a factor that has partly attenuated the shocks the economy had been going through. Commercial Banks Performing Credit to Non-Financial Private Sector Real annual % change 100 80 Housing 60 0 Total 20 Consumption Firms 0-20 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013-0 Source: Banco de México. 18
Outline 1 External Conditions 2 Economic Activity in Mexico 3 Monetary Policy and Inflation Determinants Forecasts and Balance of Risks 19
Banco de México s actions have contributed to generating an environment of credibility regarding the effort to curb inflation. In particular, the second round effects have been averted, in light of various episodes of changes in the relative prices that temporarily affected inflation in recent years. The virtuous circle has strengthened between: The price formation process Anchoring of mediumand long-term inflation expectations The above allowed consolidating the process of inflation convergence to the 3 percent target. 20
The evolution of inflation, supported by the monetary policy stance, confirms the continuity of convergence towards the 3 percent permanent target. Headline, Core and Non-core Inflation 1/ % 13 12 Non-core 11 10 9 8 Headline 7 6 Variability interval Core 5 3 2 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1 1/ Data as of the first fortnight of July 2013. Source: Banco de México and INEGI. 21
Core inflation has persisted at levels below 3 percent in recent months, even with a slight downside trend. Core Core Inflation 1/ % Merchandise Services 2000 2002 2005 2008 2010 2013 16 15 1 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 0 1/ Data as of the first fortnight of July 2013. Source: Banco de México and INEGI. 22
The lower growth recently presented by the economy was reflected in the negative trend of the output gap. Output Gap 1/ % of potential output; s.a. 8 6 GDP 2 0 IGAE -2 - -6-8 -10-12 200 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013-1 s.a./ Calculated with seasonally adjusted data. 1/ Estimated using the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter with tail correction method; see Banco de México (2009), April June 2009, p.69. The shaded area is the 95% confidence interval of the output gap, calculated with an unobserved components method. GDP figures up to 1Q 2013; IGAE up to May 2013. Source: Calculated by Banco de México with data from INEGI. 23
A greater degree of slackness in the labor market has been registered. IMSS-insured Workers 1/ Index Jul-2009=100 National Unemployment Rate % of EAP; s.a. IMSS Reference Wage Annual % change 120 7 7 Construction 115 6 6 Others 110 5 5 Commerce 105 100 3 3 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 95 2007 2009 2011 2013 2 2007 2009 2011 2013 2 1/ Permanent and temporary workers in urban areas. Source: Calculated by Banco de México with data from IMSS. EAP/ Economically Active Population. s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: National Employment Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo), INEGI. Source: Calculated by Banco de México with data from IMSS. 2
In the last months, inflation expectations remained stable, just as in other recent episodes of changes in relative prices. Inflation Expectations for the End of 2013 and 201 Median, % Non-core 2013 6.5 6.0 5.5 Annual Headline Inflation Expectations Median, % 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 Headline 2013 Non-core 201 Headline 201 Core 2013 Core 201.5.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 Next years Next 5-8 years.5.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2011 2012 2013 1.5 2010 2011 2012 2013 1.5 Source: Banco de México s survey. Source: Banco de México s survey. 25
Given the expected changes in the U.S. monetary policy, mediumand long-term interest rates in Mexico increased considerably. Yields of Government Securities 1/ % 12 11 6.0 5.5 10-Year Yields and Break-even Inflation and Inflationary Risk % U. S.: 10-year yield 12 11 30 years 10 9 8 7 5.0.5.0 3.5 3.0 Mexico: 10-year yield 10 9 8 7 6 10 years 6 5 2.5 2.0 5 6 months 1 day 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1/ Since January 21, 2008, the overnight interest rate corresponds to the target for the Overnight Interbank Interest Rate. Source: Banco de México and Proveedor Integral de Precios (PiP). 3 1.5 Mexico: break-even inflation 2/ 1.0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2/ The break-even inflation and inflationary risk implicit in 10-year bonds is calculated based on nominal and real interest rates of the secondary market. Source: Banco de México estimate with data from Valmer, Proveedor Integral de Precios (PiP) and U.S. Department of the Treasury. 26 3 2
In sum, the loss of dynamism that the Mexican economy has presented is driven by a series of adverse shocks. The environment of low growth of the world economic activity and trade The real exchange rate appreciation until mid-may Deceleration of the Mexican economy in 2Q 2013 Effort of fiscal consolidation for 2013 and lower dynamism of spending, caused by changes in the administration Weakness of the housing sector The economic activity is expected to strengthen in 2H 2013, driven by: Increased public expenditure Further growth of the U.S. economy Recovery of private domestic demand Reorganization of the housing sector 27
Outline 1 External Conditions 2 Economic Activity in Mexico 3 Monetary Policy and Inflation Determinants Forecasts and Balance of Risks 28
From 2H 2013 onwards, the Mexican economy is estimated to observe a higher growth rate. GDP growth: Between 2.0 and 3.0 percent in 2013. Between 3.2 and.2 percent in 201. Increase in the number of IMSSinsured workers: Between 50 and 550 thousand in 2013. Between 700 and 800 thousand in 201. Current Account: 1.2 percent of GDP in 2013. 1.3 percent of GDP in 201. 9 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 0-1 -2-3 - -5-6 -7-8 -9 Fan Chart: GDP Growth Annual %; s.a. Q2 Q Q2 Q Q2 Q Q2 Q Q2 Q Q2 Q Q2 Q 2008 2010 2012 201 s.a./ Seasonally adjusted data. Source: INEGI and Banco de México. 2012 Q 2013 Q 201 Q 9 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 0-1 -2-3 - -5-6 -7-8 -9 29
Inflation Forecasts The inflation forecast for the rest of 2013 and 201 is slightly below that of the previous Inflation Report. Headline inflation Core inflation 2013 From July onwards, it is estimated to lie close to 3.5 percent, fluctuating in the next months and concluding the year around this level. 201 A downward trend is anticipated so as to locate close to 3 percent by the end of the year. 2013-201 Will remain below 3 percent. 30
Thus, over the next quarters inflation is expected to present a trend of convergence towards the 3 percent target. 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0.5.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 Annual Headline Inflation 1/ % 1/ Quarterly average of annual headline inflation. Source: INEGI and Banco de México. 2012 Q 2013 Q 201 Q Fan Charts 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0.5.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0.5.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 Annual Core Inflation 2/ % 1.5 Observed 1.5 1.5 Observed 1.5 1.0 Headline inflation target 1.0 1.0 Headline inflation target 1.0 0.5 Variability interval 0.5 0.5 Variability interval 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Q2QQ2QQ2QQ2QQ2QQ2QQ2QQ2QQ2Q Q2QQ2QQ2QQ2QQ2QQ2QQ2QQ2QQ2Q 0.0 2006 2008 2010 2012 201 2006 2008 2010 2012 201 2/ Quarterly average of annual core inflation. Source: INEGI and Banco de México. 2012 Q 2013 Q 201 Q 31 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0.5.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0
Balance of Risks for Inflation The balance of risks for inflation has improved with respect to 1Q 2013. Downward risks Upward risks No aggregate demand-related inflationary pressures are anticipated in 2H 2013. Adverse weather and sanitary conditions, which would increase the agricultural products prices, or new adjustments in the public prices. The possibility of a more intensified market competition in the economy, derived from the progress in the process of structural reforms. Further exchange rate volatility given the new conditions in international financial markets. 32
It is necessary to proceed with the process of structural reforms, strengthening the potential growth of the Mexican economy. The downward revision of the GDP growth forecast for 2013, largely due to the lack of impulse from abroad, must strengthen the conviction about the urgency to continue with the structural reforms in the country. Over the next years the world economic situation can hardly be expected to improve to the extent that it would make the Mexican economy expand above the interval forecast of this for 201, i.e. of 3.2 to.2 percent. The referred growth interval is clearly insufficient to reduce the unemployment rate to levels comparable to the pre-crisis ones, to create better-paid jobs and to combat poverty in a fast and sustainable manner. Hence, it is imperative to increase the potential GPD growth rate of the country to levels above 5 percent in the medium term, for which it is necessary to properly implement the already legislated reforms and to carry out the pending ones, the energy, fiscal and financial reforms standing out among them. 33