DIRECTIVE ON CREDIT AGREEMENTS FOR CONSUMERS RELATING TO RESIDENTIAL IMMOVABLE PROPERTY Public Consultation September 2014
Public Consultation Paper: Mortgage Credit Directive Department of Finance September 2014 Department of Finance Government Buildings, Upper Merrion Street, Dublin 2 Ireland E-mail: MCDconsultation@finance.gov.ie Website: www.finance.gov.ie
Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The Consultation Process....4 3. What is the Mortgage Credit Directive 5 4. National Discretions in the Mortgage Credit Directive 6 Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 2
1. Introduction The Directive on credit agreements for consumers relating to residential immovable property, (known as The Mortgage Credit Directive) which is required to be transposed by March 2016, was published in the Official Journal of the European Union L60 dated 28.02.2014 and is also available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/txt/pdf/?uri=oj:l:2014:060:full&from=en The purpose of this consultation is to obtain submissions on the transposition of Directive 2014/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 February 2014 on credit agreements relating to residential immovable property and amending Directives 2008/48/EC and 2013/36/EU and Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010. The consultation will inform the Department s position with regard to provisions in the Mortgage Credit Directive where Member States have discretion as to whether or not to apply them in national legislation. It should be noted that the transposition will also have an impact on certain other national legislation/ codes. Comments on such impacts are welcome. The Department invites comments on whether or not discretions should be availed of as well as the reasoning for such a position. For example, in relation to banning commissions, respondents may wish to submit why they believe that a ban should or should not be imposed. Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 3
2. The Consultation Process The consultation period will run until 16 October 2014. Any submissions received after this date may not be considered. Questions and observations are welcome on any aspect of the Directive s transposition, and not just the issues identified in this consultation paper. The preferred means of response is by email to: MCDconsultation@finance.gov.ie Alternatively, your response may be posted to: Mortgage Credit Directive Consultation Financial Services Division Department of Finance Upper Merrion Street Dublin 2 Ireland Please include your contact details if responding by post. Freedom of Information Responses to this consultation are subject to the provisions of the Freedom of Information Acts. Parties should also note that it is the intention that responses to the consultation will be published on the Department s website www.finance.gov.ie after the deadline for receiving the submissions has passed. It is important to be aware that unless you clearly identify any commercially or personally sensitive information in your submission, you are making a submission on the basis that you consent to it being made available in full on the Department of Finance website. Efforts will be made not to place on the website any material that is potentially libellous. What happens after this Consultation? The submissions to this public consultation will be published on the Department of Finance website. They will inform how the discretionary provisions of the Directive are transposed into Irish law. Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 4
3. What is the Mortgage Credit Directive? The Mortgage Credit Directive will establish a legal framework for the provision of Mortgage Credit which is harmonised in the European Union in a number of areas 1. The Directive is being introduced to facilitate an internal market with a high level of consumer protection in the area of credit agreements relating to immovable property (Mortgages). Consumers looking for mortgage credit can be confident in the knowledge that the institutions they interact with must act in a professional and responsible manner and afford consumers the protections to which they are entitled. This Directive aims to develop a more transparent, efficient and competitive internal market by implementing strong protections for consumers when seeking mortgage credit, while promoting sustainable lending and borrowing and financial inclusion. Brief Overview of the Directive The Directive applies to credit agreements, entered into by consumers, which are secured either by a mortgage or by another comparable security commonly used in a Member State of the European Union on residential immovable property. It also applies to credit agreements which are used to acquire or retain property rights in land or in an existing or projected building. The Directive defines a consumer (as defined in point (a) of Article 3 of Directive 2008/48/EC) as a natural person who, in transactions covered by this Directive, is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business or profession. The Directive is divided as follows: Recitals (1) to (85) setting out the background rationale to the Directive and a commentary relating to individual articles in the Directive Chapter 1: Articles 1-5, Setting out the subject matter, scope and definitions and competent authorities for the Directive Chapter 2: Article 6, Financial Education of consumers Chapter 3: Articles 7-9, Conditions applicable to creditors, credit intermediaries and appointed representatives Chapter 4: Articles 10-16, Information and practices preliminary to the conclusion of the credit agreement Chapter 5: Article 17, Annual percentage rate of charge Chapter 6: Articles 18-20, Creditworthiness Assessment 1 Taking into account differences in credit agreements arising in particular from differences in national and regional immovable property markets. Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 5
Chapter 7: Article 21, Database access Chapter 8: Article 22, Standards for Advisory Services Chapter 9: Articles 23 and 24, Foreign currency loans and variable rate loans Chapter 10: Articles 25-28, Sound execution of credit agreements and related rights Chapter 11: Articles 29-34, Requirements for establishment and supervision of credit intermediaries and appointed representatives Chapter 12: Article 35, Admission and supervision of non credit institutions Chapter 13: Articles 36 and 37, Cooperation between competent authorities of different Member States Chapter 14: Articles 38-50, Final provisions Annex I: Calculation of the annual percentage rate of charge (APRC) Annex II: European standardised information sheet (ESIS) Annex III: Minimum knowledge and competence requirements Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 6
4. National Discretions in the Mortgage Credit Directive (and consultation questions) Some articles must be transposed on a fully harmonised basis. Member States are required to implement these provisions on a consistent basis. There are a number of provisions in the Directive to which full harmonisation does not apply and Member States are given discretion as to whether and how to apply these provisions. These discretions are listed below along with the related consultation questions: Discretion 1 - Ireland may maintain or introduce more stringent provisions than those contained in the Directive (Article 2.1) The Directive lays down a common framework for certain aspects of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning agreements covering credit for consumers secured by a mortgage or otherwise relating to residential immovable property. This framework must be adopted by Ireland. However the Directive does not preclude Member States from maintaining or introducing more stringent provisions in order to protect consumers, provided that such provisions are consistent with their obligations under European Union law. Consultation Question 1: Are there more stringent provisions that should be included? If so, what are they and why should they be introduced? Discretion 2 Certain transactions within the scope of Directive 2008/48/EC (Consumer Credit Directive) may be exempted (Article 3.3 Paragraph a) Ireland may decide not to apply Articles 11 (Standard information in advertising), 14 (Pre contractual information) and Annex II (European Standard Information Sheet- ESIS) of the Mortgage Credit Directive to the following transaction: Credit agreements for consumers, secured by a mortgage on a property, the purpose of which is not to acquire or retain the right to residential immovable property. An example of such transactions would be equity release loans. Ireland may only not apply the articles above if it applies to such credit agreements Articles 4, 5 and Annexes II and III of the Consumer Credit Directive (Directive 2008/48/EC). Consultation Question 2: Should Ireland apply the Articles mentioned above from the Consumer Credit Directive instead of the relevant articles from the Mortgage Credit Directive: If so, why? Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 7
Discretion 3 - Buy to Let transactions may be exempted from the Directive (Article 3.3 Paragraph b) Ireland may decide that dwellings purchased as buy to let investment may be excluded from the provisions of this Directive. However Ireland is required to apply an alternative appropriate framework if Buy to Let transactions are exempted. Consultation Question 3: Should Ireland exempt buy to let transactions and, if so, why? If yes then what alternative framework should be put in place? Discretion 4 Loans provided on better then commercial terms (e.g. local authority mortgages) may be exempted (Article 3.3 Paragraph c) Certain types of loans, offered on better then commercial terms, may be exempted from the Directive. Examples of this type of mortgage include annuity mortgages provided by Local Authorities. If these loans are exempted then an alternative appropriate framework must be adopted to ensure that consumers receive timely information on the main features, risks and costs of such credit agreements at the pre-contractual stage and that advertising of such credit agreements is fair, clear and not misleading. Consultation Question 4: Should these types of loan mentioned be exempted from the Directive? If so, why? What alternative framework would you suggest? Discretion 5 Securitised loans provided by Credit Unions or Friendly Societies may be exempted (Article 3.3 Paragraph E) Credit agreements where the creditor is an organisation within the scope of of Article 2(5) of the Consumer Credit Directive (Directive 2008/48/EC) may be exempted. Such organisations would include some Friendly Societies and Credit Unions. As with discretion 4, if these loans are exempted then an alternative appropriate framework must be adopted to ensure that consumers receive timely information on the main features, risks and costs of such credit agreements at the pre-contractual stage and that advertising of such credit agreements is fair, clear and not misleading. Consultation Question 5: Should these types of loan mentioned be exempted from the Directive? If so, why? What alternative framework would you suggest? Discretion 6 Bridging loans may be exempted (Article 3.3 Paragraph d) Bridging loans may qualify for an exemption from the application of the Directive. The Directive gives Member States the option of fully exempting them. Bridging loans are a type Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 8
of short term loan given to consumers typically while waiting for longer term financing such as a mortgage. Consultation Question 6: Should bridging loans be exempted? If so, why? Discretion 7 Member States may ban commissions paid by the creditor to credit intermediaries (Article 7.4) Where creditors, credit intermediaries or appointed representatives provide advisory services to consumers the remuneration structure of the staff involved must not prejudice their ability to act in the consumer s best interest. In particular, they must not be contingent on sales targets. In order to achieve this objective, Ireland may ban commissions paid by the creditor (Banks) to the credit intermediary (Mortgage Broker). Consultation Question 7: Do you think that banks should not be allowed to pay commission to brokers? If so, why? Discretion 8 Payments by consumers to a mortgage provider or credit intermediary (broker) may be forbidden or restrictions may be imposed until the conclusion of a mortgage agreement (Article 7.5) Consultation Question 8: Do you think such payments should be forbidden or restricted? If so, why? Discretion 9 Option to include certain warnings about risk associated with credit agreements (Article 11.6) Ireland may require the inclusion of a concise and proportionate warning concerning specific risks associated with credit agreements. Consultation Question 9: Are there specific risks that should be included in a warning? If so, why is the warning necessary? Discretion 10 Ireland may allow tying of products in certain circumstances (Article 12.2) Member States must allow bundling practices but in certain circumstances have to prohibit tying practices. However Ireland may provide that creditors can request the consumer, or a family member, or close relation of the consumer to: (a) open or maintain a payment or a savings account, where the only purpose of such an account is to accumulate capital to repay the credit, to service the credit, to pool resources to obtain the credit, or to provide additional security for the creditor in the event of default; Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 9
(b) purchase or keep an investment product or a private pension product, where such product which primarily offers the investor an income in retirement serves also to provide additional security for the creditor in the event of default or to accumulate capital to repay the credit, to service the credit or to pool resources to obtain the credit; (c) conclude a separate credit agreement in conjunction with a shared-equity credit agreement to obtain the credit. Consultation Question 10: Should Ireland adopt this discretion? If so, why? Discretion 11 Tied products may be allowed where there is a clear benefit to the Consumer (Article 12.3) Ireland may allow tying practices where the creditor can demonstrate to its competent authority that the tied products offered, which are not made available separately, result in a clear benefit to the consumers taking due account of the availability and the prices of the relevant products offered on the market. This discretion would only apply to products which are marketed after 20 March 2014. Consultation Question 11: Do you think Ireland should allow tied products if there is a clear benefit to the consumer? If so, why? Discretion 12 Creditors may be allowed to require consumers to hold relevant insurance (Article 12.4) Ireland may allow creditors to require the consumer to hold a relevant insurance policy related to the credit agreement. In such cases Ireland shall ensure that the creditor accepts the insurance policy from a supplier different to his preferred supplier where such policy has a level of guarantee equivalent to the one the creditor has proposed. Consultation Question 12: Should creditors be allowed to require that consumers hold insurance policies relevant to the Credit agreement? If so, why? Discretion 13 Non-tied credit intermediaries may be compelled to provide general information to consumers (Article 13.1) Ireland is required to ensure that clear and comprehensible general information about credit agreements is made available by creditors or, where applicable, by tied credit intermediaries or their appointed representatives. Such information must be available on paper or on another durable medium or in electronic form. In addition, Ireland may provide that general information is made available by non-tied credit intermediaries. Consultation Question 13: Should Ireland provide that general information is made available by non-tied credit intermediaries? If so, why? Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 10
Discretion 14 Creditors can be required to include warnings particular to Ireland (Article 13.2) Ireland can oblige creditors to include warnings which are relevant to our market. Consultation Question 14: Do you think there are other warnings, relevant to the Irish market that should be included? What would the warnings be? Discretion 15 The European Standard Information Sheet (ESIS) may be required to be supplied before the creditor makes a binding offer (Article 14.4). The European Standard Information Sheet (ESIS) is a standardised notice that will allow consumers to directly compare different mortgage offers from different banks. Ireland may provide for the obligatory provision of the ESIS before the provision of an offer binding on the creditor (bank). If Ireland opts for this, then the ESIS shall only be required to be provided again where the characteristics of the offer are different from the information contained in the ESIS previously provided. An example of such a change would be an adjustment in the interest rate. Consultation Question 15: Should Ireland oblige creditors to provide consumers with the ESIS before the provision of a binding offer? If so, why? Discretion 16 Reflection period (Article 14.6) Ireland must specify a time period of at least seven days during which the consumer can compare offers, assess their implications and make an informed decision. However Ireland must choose that this will either be a reflection period before the conclusion of the credit agreement, or a period for exercising a right of withdrawal after the conclusion of the credit agreement, or a combination of the two. If Ireland specifies a reflection period before the conclusion of a credit agreement, the offer will be binding on the creditor for the duration of the reflection period and the consumer may accept the offer at any time during the reflection period. Notwithstanding the above, Ireland may also provide that consumers cannot accept the offer during the first 10 days of a reflection period. Furthermore, where the borrowing rate or other costs applicable to the offer are determined on the basis of the selling of underlying bonds or other long-term funding instruments, Ireland may provide that the borrowing rate or other costs can vary from that stated in the offer in accordance with the value of the underlying bond or other long-term funding instrument. Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 11
Consultation Question 16: Should Ireland specify a reflection period or a right of withdrawal or both? What time period should Ireland specify? Should Ireland provide that consumers can accept the offer during the first ten days of reflection period? If so, why? Discretion 17 Ireland may adapt the manner by which pre contractual explanations are given (Article 16.2) Ireland must ensure that creditors and, where applicable, credit intermediaries (brokers) or appointed representatives provide adequate explanations to the consumer on the proposed credit agreements and any ancillary services, in order to place the consumer in a position enabling him to assess whether the proposed credit agreements and ancillary services are adapted to his needs and financial situation. However, Ireland may adapt the manner and extent to which these explanations are given; by whom it is given; to the circumstances in which the credit agreement is offered; the person to whom it is offered; and the nature of the credit offered. Consultation Question 17: Should Ireland adopt this discretion? How would you suggest it could be achieved? Discretion 18 Warning relating to information provided by the consumer (Article 20) Ireland must have measures in place to ensure that consumers are aware of the need to provide correct information when applying for a mortgage and that such information is as complete as necessary to conduct a proper creditworthiness assessment. The creditor, credit intermediary or appointed representative must warn the consumer that, where the creditor is unable to carry out an assessment of creditworthiness because the consumer chooses not to provide the information or verification necessary for an assessment of creditworthiness, the credit cannot be granted. Ireland may decide that such a warning is provided in a standardised format. Consultation Question 18: Should the warning be provided in a standardised format? If so, please provide an example of the format and explain why this should be used? Discretion 19 Pre contractual information (Article 22.2) Ireland must ensure that, before the provision of advisory services or, where applicable, the conclusion of a contract for the provision of advisory services, the creditor or credit intermediary provides the consumer with the following information on paper or another durable medium: (a) whether the recommendation will be based on considering only their own product range or a wide range of products from across the market so that the consumer can understand the basis on which the recommendation is made; Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 12
(b) where applicable, the fee payable by the consumer for the advisory services or, where the amount cannot be ascertained at the time of disclosure, the method used for its calculation. Ireland may stipulate that the above information be provided to the consumer in the form of additional pre-contractual information. Consultation Question 19: Should Ireland stipulate that the information referred to in the discretion be provided to the consumer in the form of additional pre-contractual information? If so, why? Discretion 20 Ireland may prohibit the use of the term advice and advisor (Article 22.4) Ireland may prohibit the use of these or similar terms when the advisory services are being provided to consumers by creditors, tied credit intermediaries or appointed representatives of tied credit intermediaries. If the use of the term advice and advisor is not prohibited, the following conditions on the use of the term independent advice or independent advisor must be imposed on creditors, credit intermediaries or appointed representatives who provide advisory services: (a) creditors, credit intermediaries or appointed representatives must consider a sufficiently large number of credit agreements available on the market; and (b) Creditors, credit intermediaries or appointed representatives must not be remunerated for those advisory services by one or more creditors. Point (b) above shall apply only where the number of creditors considered is less than a majority of the market. Consultation Question 20(a): Should the use of the terms advice and adviser be prohibited as outlined above? If so, why? Ireland may also impose more stringent requirements in relation to the use of the terms independent advice or independent advisor by creditors, credit intermediaries or appointed representatives, including a ban on receiving remuneration from a creditor. Consultation Question 20(b): Should Ireland impose more stringent requirements in relation to the use of the terms independent advice or independent advisor? If so, why? Discretion 21 Ireland may provide for a warning about specific risk (Article 22.5) Ireland may provide for an obligation for creditors, credit intermediaries and appointed representatives to warn a consumer when, considering the consumer s financial situation, a credit agreement may induce a specific risk for the consumer. A specific risk is a risk that would be unique to a particular consumer and their circumstances. Consultation Question 21: Should Ireland provide for warnings on specific risks? If so, why? Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 13
Discretion 22 Ireland may decide not to apply the requirement that advisory services are only provided by creditors or credit intermediaries (Article 22.6) In particular, Ireland has the option to allow the provision of advisory services by the following: (a) Persons carrying providing advisory services where those services are provided in an incidental manner in the course of a professional activity and that activity is regulated by legal or regulatory provisions or a code of ethics governing the profession which do not exclude carrying out of those activities or the provision of those services; Such persons, for example, might include accountants or solicitors (b) Persons providing advisory services in the context of managing existing debt which are insolvency practitioners where that activity is regulated by legal or regulatory provisions or public or voluntary debt advisory services which do not operate on a commercial basis. This would include advice received from the Money Advice and Budgeting Service (MABS) or Personal insolvency practitioners. (c) Persons providing advisory services who are not creditors or credit intermediaries where such persons are admitted and supervised by competent authorities in accordance with the requirements for credit intermediaries under this Directive. Consultation Question 22: Should Ireland allow advisory services be provided by those that fall into categories described in (a), (b), & (c) above? If yes, why? Discretion 23 Foreign currency loans (Article 23) The Directive stipulates that an appropriate regulatory framework must be in place for consumers who wish to take out a credit agreement in a foreign currency. If a consumer takes out a loan in another currency, then that currency must be either the currency in which the consumer primarily receives income or holds assets from which the credit is to be repaid or the currency of the Member State in which the consumer either was resident at the time the credit agreement was concluded or is currently resident. Ireland may specify whether both of the choices referred to above are available to the consumer or only one of them or may allow creditors to specify whether both are available to the consumer or only one of them. Consultation Question 23(a): Should Ireland allow both choices referred to above or restrict the consumer to one choice? If only one choice should be allowed what one do you think it should be and why? Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 14
Alternatively do you think that creditors should be allowed decide what options to offer to consumers? If yes, why? Furthermore, Ireland may further regulate foreign currency loans provided that such regulation is not applied with retrospective effect. Consultation Question 23(b): Should Ireland provide for greater regulatory requirements in respect of foreign currency loans? If yes, why? Discretion 24 Early repayment of loans (Article 25) The Directive ensures the right of the consumers to repay the loan early if they so wish. If consumers do repay early they will be entitled to a reduction in the total cost of the credit. This reduction would consist of the interest and the costs that would have accrued over the remaining duration of the contract. The following discretions may be applied to the right to repay early: Ireland may provide that the exercise of the right to repay early is subject to certain conditions. Such conditions may include time limitations on the exercise of the right, a different treatment depending on the type of the borrowing rate or depending on the moment the consumer exercises the right, or restrictions with regard to the circumstances under which the right may be exercised. Consultation Question 24(a): Should Ireland set conditions on early repayment? If yes, please provide suggestions and your reasons for them. Ireland may also provide that the creditor is entitled to fair and objective compensation, where justified, for possible costs directly linked to the early repayment but shall not impose a sanction on the consumer. In that regard, the compensation shall not exceed the financial loss to the creditor. Subject to those conditions Ireland may provide that the compensation does not exceed a certain level, or be allowed only for a certain period of time. Consultation Question 24(b): Should Ireland provide that creditors can charge for early repayment subject to the restrictions outlined above? If so, why? Where the early repayment falls within a period for which the borrowing rate is fixed, Ireland may provide that the exercise of the right to repay early is subject to the existence of a legitimate interest on the part of the consumer. Consultation Question 24(c): Do you think Ireland should adopt the above discretion? If so, why? Discretion 25 - Information concerning changes in the borrowing rate (Article 27) The Directive stipulates that the creditor must inform the consumer of any change in the borrowing rate, on paper or another durable medium, before the change takes effect. The Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 15
information shall at least state the amount of the payments to be made after the new borrowing rate takes effect and, in cases where the number or frequency of the payments changes, particulars thereof. However, Ireland may allow the parties to the credit agreement to agree that the information referred to above is to be given to the consumer periodically. This would occur where the change in the borrowing rate is correlated with a change in a reference rate (such as with a variable rate mortgage). The new reference rate must be made publicly available by appropriate means and the information concerning the new reference rate must remain available on the premises of the creditor and communicated personally to the consumer together with the amount of new periodic instalments. Creditors may also continue to inform consumers periodically where the change in the borrowing rate is not correlated with a change in a reference rate where this was allowed under national law before 20 March 2014. Consultation Question 25: Should Ireland allow parties to the credit agreement to agree that the information referred to above can be given periodically? Discretion 26 Arrears and foreclosure (Article 28) Measures to encourage creditors to exercise reasonable forbearance before foreclosure proceedings are initiated must be adopted as part of this Directive. Ireland may require that, where the creditor is permitted to define and impose charges on the consumer arising from the default, those charges are no greater than is necessary to compensate the creditor for costs it has incurred as a result of the default. Consultation Question 26: If creditors are allowed to impose charges should those charges be restricted to the costs incurred by the creditor as a result of default by a consumer? Ireland may also allow creditors to impose additional charges on the consumer in the event of default. In that case a cap must be placed on those charges. Consultation Question: Should Ireland allow creditors to impose additional charges on consumers who default? If so, what would an appropriate cap be? Discretion 27 - Credit Intermediaries- Brokers (Article 29) Credit Intermediaries are generally known as brokers in Ireland Under the Directive, credit intermediaries must hold professional indemnity insurance covering the territories in which they offer services. If they do not have insurance they must have some other comparable guarantee against liability arising from professional negligence. Ireland may allow that such insurance or guarantee could be provided by a creditor for which the credit intermediary is empowered to act. Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 16
Ireland may also decide not to apply this Article to persons carrying out the credit intermediation activities where those activities are carried out in an incidental manner in the course of a professional activity and that activity is regulated by legal or regulatory provisions or a code of ethics governing the profession which do not exclude the carrying out of those activities (Article 29.8). Consultation Question 27: Should Ireland allow this insurance or guarantee be provided by creditors in the situations outlined above? If yes, why? Discretion 28 Tied Credit Intermediaries (Article 30.1) Ireland may allow that tied credit intermediaries can be admitted by competent authorities through the creditor on whose behalf the tied credit intermediary is exclusively acting. This would mean that a creditor (bank) would be responsible for the tied credit intermediary (a broker who only carries out work for that particular bank) and their actions. Consultation Question 28: Should banks be allowed to admit, and be responsible for, tied brokers or should the brokers continue to register in their own right with the competent authority (in this case the Central Bank of Ireland)? Discretion 29 Appointed Representatives (Article 31) Member States may decide to allow a credit intermediary to appoint appointed representatives. An appointed representative is a person who works for a credit intermediary (Broker) and who conducts business on their behalf. Consultation Question 29: Should Ireland allow brokers to employ appointed representatives? If so, why? Department of Finance Mortgage Credit Directive: Public Consultation Paper August 2014 Page 17