Significant Forecasting Assumptions LTP (including Infrastructure Strategy )

Significant Forecasting Assumptions LTP 2018 2028 (including Infrastructure Strategy 2018 2048) Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Risk Assessment... 3 Significant Non Financial (NF) Forecasting Assumptions... 4 NF1. Population growth... 4 NF2. Ethnicity... 7 NF3. Age... 8 NF4. Economic Growth... 10 NF5. Labour Force... 12 NF6. Affordability of essential goods and services... 14 NF7. Affordability of housing... 17 NF8. Rate of new residential development... 19 NF9. Tourism... 22 NF10. Climate Change, climate hazards and extremes... 25 NF11. Existing and future resource consents... 28 NF12. Legislation changes... 29 Financial Assumptions... 31 F1. The effects of inflation on the Council s services... 31 F2. Revaluation of assets... 33 F3. Useful lives of significant assets... 34 F4. Vesting of new assets in the Council... 35 Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 1

F5. Sources of funds for future replacement of significant assets.... 36 F6. External funding support (government subsidies and funding support, and other external parties funding support, including NZTA subsidy rates)... 37 F7. Rating remissions... 38 F8. Investment Revenues and Values (forecast return on investment)... 39 F9. Development and financial contributions... 40 F10. Borrowing and interest rate risk (expected interest rates on borrowing and renewability or otherwise of external funding)... 41 F11. Asset Sales... 43 F12. Significant contingencies and commitments (contingencies and commitments not budgeted for)... 45 F13: Emissions Trading Scheme... 47 F14: Level of service operating costs... 48 Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 2

Introduction In developing a Long Term Plan (LTP), NPDC will make decisions about how it will approach the future, in relation to both non financial and financial matters. Forecasting assumptions identify possible significant future events and trends and examine their likelihood and potential impact on the community and the Council. These assumptions deal with matters of uncertainty and complexity. The forecasting assumptions described in this document provide the basis for the Council planning and its activities over the coming ten years in the LTP 2018 28 and the Infrastructure Strategy out to 2048 where applicable. The forecasting assumptions should be read in the context of the purpose of local government described in the Local Government Act 2002: To enable democratic local decision making and action by, and on behalf of, communities To meet the current and future needs of communities for good quality local infrastructure, local public services, and performance of regulatory functions in a way that is most cost effective for households and businesses. The Council also has an important leadership role within the New Plymouth district that includes working with other parties to advance the interests of the district through advocacy and facilitation. Risk Assessment Risk is defined as the effect of uncertainty on our objectives. In the course of planning for the next ten years the Council assesses the risks it faces, and the impact on the achievement of those objectives should those risks be realised. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 3

Significant Non Financial (NF) Forecasting Assumptions NF1. Population growth Assumption Source Risk Assessment There will be high population growth in the New Plymouth District over the next ten years. Projections estimate the district s population will grow from 83,400 in 2018 to 92,400 over the life of the LTP and to 106,100 by 2048. New Plymouth District Council will use the following projections: NP District 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 83,400 88,100 92,400 96,300 99,800 103,000 106,100 Internal report: Population and housing forecasts for the LTP and District Plan: Decision evidence base Growth assumptions underpin the Council s asset and activity management planning and planned capital expenditure budgets in the LTP. Any increase in population is likely to result in proportionate increase in demand on council services. This is through additional growth infrastructure, as well as services to people where an increase in population is likely to lead to more use (such as libraries). New Plymouth District Council is now required by the National Policy Statement on Urban Development Capacity 2016 to assess future population growth using Statistics New Zealand population projections as a starting point and then considering any future changes in the local economy. Having considered Statistics New Zealand s medium projection, the Tapaue Roa: Make Way for Taranaki Regional Economic Development Strategy and advice from Venture Taranaki on projected future job growth, the Council has taken a projection above the Statistics New Zealand medium projection, but below that of the high projection. This has been calculated using the medium projection for natural increase (that is, births minus deaths) but the high projection for immigration, on the basis that new jobs will attract more people in. The difference is shown on the graph below (which also extends forecasts to 2068). Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 4

140,000 130,000 120,000 110,000 Projections NPDC (red) compared to Stats NZ projections 2013 2068 LTP IS 108,900 111,500 106,100 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 114,000 116,500 99,800 103,000 88,100 92,400 96,300 77,100 83,400 2013 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 2053 2058 2063 2068 with high migration High Following from the Council basing its overall population projections on the medium natural increase rate and high migration rate, Council staff have developed a revised projection for age and ethnic population distributions. This has been done through a weighted average approach using Statistics New Zealand s medium and high projections, and is outlined in NF2 and NF3. If population growth exceeds these projections, the Council may need to invest in additional urban growth infrastructure and this will impact capital budgets and revenue. There is also a risk that forecast population growth does not occur, or occurs at a slower rate. The Council carries some risk of overinvestment in growth infrastructure. As the cost of growth assets are generally recovered through development contributions, the Council would bear the debt for capital expenditure until those growth areas were utilised. Level of uncertainty The Council will continue to monitor population growth and the particular demographics of the district s population yearly and review projections every 3 years as part of each LTP. The Council will appropriately adjust capital budgets and revenue as required. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 5

Council Community Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 6

NF2. Ethnicity Assumption Over the next 10 years, the ethnic makeup of the New Plymouth District will continue to be predominately European and Māori with some increases in the Asian community. Overall, the population is expected to continue to predominately be European and Māori, however the Asian community will grow to around 9 per cent of the population by 2028 (from 6 per cent in 2018). The chart below reflects that people can have multiple ethnicities, so adds to over 100 per cent. 100% Projected ethnic population distribution 2013 2038 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2013 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 European or Other (including New Zealander) Maori Asian Pacific Source Risk Assessment Level of uncertainty Council and Community Internal report: Population and housing forecasts for the LTP and District Plan: Decision evidence base The Council needs to consider the ethnic make up of the district to ensure its services are accessible across the population, including different cultural views on certain services. This will also have an impact on how the Council engages effectively with the community. The Council closely monitors the characteristics of the district s population and will continue to do so over the life of the LTP. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 7

NF3. Age Assumption The district will continue to have an ageing population, with a significant increase in those aged 65 years and over. Overall, the population is expected to continue to age, with most growth occurring in the over 65 age groups. By 2028, over 65 year olds will be approximately one quarter of the total population, up from 18 per cent in 2018. 35,000 Forecast population by age 2013 2068 35% Forecast population by age (as %) 2013 2068 30,000 30% 25,000 25% 20,000 20% 15,000 15% Risk Assessment 0 14 15 39 40 64 65+ 0 14 15 39 40 64 65+ 10,000 10% 201320182023202820332038204320482053205820632068 2013 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 2053 2058 2063 2068 Declines in fertility rate, reinforced by increasing longevity will continue to produce changes in the structure of our society, locally, nationally and internationally. Ageing is compounded by the large baby boom generation, which has increased the pace of the population ageing, as this cohort reaches age 65 and older. An ageing population is projected to impact on the district economy by reducing the proportion of the population who are of working age and therefore increasing the number of people on a fixed income. This may be mitigated by people choosing to remain in the workforce longer and/or working in different ways (part time, self employed etc), and through a focused immigration attraction strategy as part of Tapuae Roa: Make Way for Taranaki Strategy. An ageing population may impact a range of Council services. These include accessibility issues in parks and the transport network (e.g. footpaths), backdoor kerbside collection services, changes to libraries, and housing for the elderly. There will also be an increase in the proportion of ratepayers on fixed incomes, which may increase rates affordability issues. A more rapidly ageing population will result in many of these issues needing to be considered earlier, either resulting in increased investment to make the district more aged friendly or increased dissatisfaction with services (which may impact on Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 8

Uncertainty Impact of Council Impact of the Community performance measures of level of service). A slower ageing population will provide more time to invest in making the district aged friendly and may mean some planned investment is earlier than necessary to maintain levels of service. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 9

NF4. Economic Growth Assumption The rate of economic growth in the district will be similar to the national average. Taranaki s GDP has shown considerable changes over recent years. Growth rates have been as high as 44 per cent per annum (year to March 2008 compared to year to March 2007) and as low as a 9 per cent decrease per annum (year to March 2016 compared to year to March 2015). In the years from 2000 to 2016 (years ending March), the average GDP growth rate was 5 per cent per annum. This is above the national average of the same time period (around 4 per cent). However, it is considered unlikely that Taranaki will experience a growth similar to that of 2007 to 2008 as that was the result of several very large projects occurring at the same time (including Pohukura and Methanex Waitara Valley). 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Annual GDP Growth (2001 2016, year end March) Taranaki Region accounted for 3.4% of national GDP in 2016. Taranaki s regional GDP per capita is the highest of any region in New Zealand. The BERL forecasts include national real GDP forecasts. The Council assumes that real GDP growth in the district will be similar over the life of the Long Term Plan. However, the Council also acknowledges that there may be considerable variation in any given years as the historic trend shows divergence from the national forecasts. Year Real GDP growth % p.a. 2017/18 3.0 2018/19 2.4 2019/20 2.2 2020/21 2.3 2021/22 2.4 2022/23 2.5 2023/24 2.7 2024/25 2.8 0% 10% Taranaki New Zealand Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 10

Source Risk Assessment Uncertainty Council Community 2025/26 2.9 2026/27 3.0 2027/28 3.1 Ehttp://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/economic_indicators/NationalAccounts/RegionalGDP_HOTPYeMar16.aspx; http://www.solgm.co.nz/assets/berl Resources/BERL SOLGM Adjustors 2017 update and forecast.pdf Local economic growth and activity is driven by the national and global economies. Change and fluctuations in these larger economies have high likelihood of impacting our local economy. Existing and planned council infrastructure and services will be sufficient to meet growth in demand generated by the anticipated growth in economic activity. The oil and gas sectors continue to drive a large proportion of local economic activity. Any significant changes to the scale or activities of these industries would have an impact on the local economy. If economic growth and activity were to increase significantly beyond the predictions of this assumption, there may be an increase in demand on council infrastructure and services. The Council will continue to closely monitor local, national and international economic trends to identify and mitigate risk. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 11

NF5. Labour Force Assumption Over the life of the plan, there will be minimal change to both employment and unemployment as a result of economic growth forecasts. Employment The employment rate (total employed as a proportion of the working age population) was 65.1% in 2016 for New Plymouth District and 63.8% for Taranaki region. New figures for 2017 show an increase in employment, New Plymouth District currently sits at 66.5% and 65.6% for Taranaki region. This is consistent with the employment rate for New Zealand which also sits at 66.7%. 2.5 2.0 Annual average % change in employment rate 1.5 1.0 Axis Title 0.5 0.0 0.5 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 New Plymouth New Zealand Taranaki Source Risk Assessment Unemployment The unemployment rate in New Plymouth is 4.7% for 2017, this is down from the previous three years. New Plymouth unemployment rate was slightly lower than the national average at 5% and Taranaki at 5.7%. http://www.mbie.govt.nz/info services/business/business growth agenda/regions An increase in employment is likely to positively benefit the districts population and the local economy. High employment results in higher household income and an increase in discretionary income. If lower employment rates eventuated then they are likely to result in a number of impacts on Council services. There may be rates affordability issues, which may impact on levels of service to respond to. There may also be increased use in some Council services such Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 12

Uncertainty Council Community as libraries and community facilities, and other services may have decreased use (or, at least, not forecast increases in use), such as in the commercial use of water and wastewater services. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 13

NF6. Affordability of essential goods and services Assumption The affordability of essential goods and services will continue to be affected by the rate of inflation. Annual Consumer Price Inflation Inflation has dropped in the past few years since 2011 but we do expect inflation to gradually lift from an average rate of 0.4% to be between 1 3% over the long term. Annual average % change 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% 1.0% Annual Consumer Price Inflation New Zealand Expected Inflation is usually between 1 3% 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 BERL inflation forecasts for CPI will be used. CPI 17/18 1.8 18/19 1.8 19/20 1.6 20/21 1.6 21/22 1.7 22/23 1.7 23/24 1.8 24/25 1.8 25/26 1.9 26/27 1.9 27/28 2.0 Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 14

Household Income The average annual household income for New Plymouth in 2016 was $83,557, this is lower than the national average of $94,587. Thousands $110 $105 $100 $95 MBIE Average Annual Household Income Annual average accumulated % $90 $85 $80 $75 $70 $65 $60 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 New Plymouth New Zealand Auckland Napier 2016 Source Risk Assessment http://www.solgm.co.nz/assets/berl Resources/BERL SOLGM Adjustors 2017 update and forecast.pdf If current trends in inflation and incomes continue over the life of the LTP, affordability of essential goods and services are unlikely to be negatively impacted, although rises in interest rates will have negative effects on affordability for those households with mortgages. Affordability of essential goods and services is likely to be a significant issue for those households on lower incomes, including those living on less than $30,000. Inflationary increases will exacerbate this. A significant increase in prices for essential goods and services without a corresponding increase in incomes would place financial pressure on individuals and households and would have a negative impact on affordability. Inflation and wages are influenced by a number of factors, including the national and international economies. While the current trend is for wages to increase in line with inflation, this could change over the course of the LTP. CPI is a factor that influences the Local Government Cost Index. A higher or lower CPI is likely to have some impact on the LGCI (see F1). Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 15

Uncertainty Council and the Community CPI is also often used as a comparison tool for rates. A lower than forecast CPI, without a corresponding decrease in the LGCI, may result in an increased difference between rates and other prices. This could result in increased community concern about rates affordability. Similarly, if household income increases at a lower level then rates affordability issues are likely to become a concern in the community. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 16

NF7. Affordability of housing Assumption Residential house prices will continue to grow at a slightly lower rate than the national average. The average house price in New Plymouth has increased by 9.1% in the year to March 2017 in the last 12 months. The growth in New Plymouth was lower than the national average of 14.1%. New Plymouth s average house price was $379,926 in the year to March 2016, prices in New Plymouth are comparable to the following districts. Average property values across New Zealand cities New Plymouth Taupo Napier Palmerston North Upper Hutt Nelson Mar 16 $379,926 $375,562 $358,732 $306,690 $349,295 $446,860 Mar 17 $418,057 $435,052 $422,945 $351,959 $442,379 $522,201 Housing affordability is measure by comparing housing prices to income levels. The house prices: income ratio for New Plymouth and New Zealand indicates housing has been consistently more affordable for New Plymouth residents compare to the New Zealand average (Including Auckland and Christchurch). Ratio Average Sale Price: Average Annual Household Income 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 New Plymouth 4.09 4.24 4.14 3.81 3.85 3.87 3.79 4.53 New Zealand 4.94 5.14 5.00 5.01 5.19 5.36 5.76 5.95 Source Risk Assessment https://www.qv.co.nz/resources/property trends Growth in average household income, along with growth in house prices and any rise in interest rates will jointly determine whether housing affordability becomes an issues within the district. Availability of housing will also drive housing prices and this could affect housing affordability. Rising interest rates would also have negative impacts for housing affordability. Increasing house prices may see an increase in demand for rental properties and affect the availability of affordable rental accommodation. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 17

Uncertainty Council community Housing affordability may have impacts on the Council s planning for new developments and the delivery of social housing services. It may also deter people from moving to the region. The Council will continue to monitor housing affordability over the life of the LTP. High Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 18

NF8. Rate of new residential development Assumption The rate of new dwellings in the district will fluctuate annually over the life of the LTP. We expect 387 houses to be built per annum in the first 5 years of the Plan and 353 houses per annum in the following five years. However, taking into consideration the Government s National Policy Statement on Urban Development Capacity, our planning provides infrastructure and land supply for 464 new houses to be built per annum from 2018 23, and 424 new houses per annum from 2023 28. Using the forecast population rate, and an average 2.6 people per occupied dwelling with a 7.5% unoccupied dwelling level, we assess that 387 houses will be built annually between 2018 23 and 353 houses will be built annually between 2023 38. The National Policy Statement on Urban Development Capacity requires the Council to provide the necessary infrastructure for this level of demand plus an additional 20 per cent over capacity. This means that the infrastructure will need to provide for an additional 464 houses every year annually for 2018 23 and 424 houses annually for 2023 28. Annual land supply capacity Houses likely to be delivered annually Difference 2018 23 464 387 77 2023 28 424 353 71 2028 33 369 321 48 2033 38 331 288 43 2038 43 303 263 40 2043 48 293 255 38 Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 19

500 Building Consents New Dwellings: District Wide 2000 2016 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 New Building 2008 2009 Relocation 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source Risk Assessment Internal building consent data; Internal report: Population and housing forecasts for the LTP and District Plan: Decision evidence base The rate of new dwellings is a significant factor in ensuring the district has enough housing and sufficient housing options to meet demand. Given the forecast population growth it is anticipated that the predicted rate of new dwellings will be sufficient to meet demand. There is also opportunity for infill development that provides additional housing choices. Residential development increases pressure on the capacity of the Council s infrastructure (roads, sewers, stormwater, water and open space) and service delivery and can result in the need to upgrade existing and/or develop new infrastructure and services. Development and financial contributions need to be set at the appropriate levels to ensure that the costs of growth are paid for by those who create the demand for the additional infrastructure and services. If dwellings growth exceeds these projections, the Council may need to invest in additional urban growth infrastructure and this will impact capital budgets and revenue. However, if growth exceeds forecasts by less than the 20% over capacity requirements of the National Policy Statement on Urban Development Capacity then there will not be a short term requirement to increase land supply and infrastructure, although there will still be a medium and long term impact. The mandatory requirement of the National Policy Statement on Urban Development Capacity to provide for 20% over capacity is highly likely to lead to unutilised, or under utilised, infrastructure provision. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 20

There is also a risk that forecast household growth does not occur, or occurs at a slower rate. This would mean that the Council has overinvested in growth infrastructure and it remains unused. As the cost of growth assets are generally recovered through development contributions, the Council would bear the debt for capital expenditure until those growth areas were utilised. Uncertainty Council community High Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 21

NF9. Tourism Assumption In accordance with the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment national growth rate forecasts, tourist guest nights will increase by 4.9 per cent per annum over the 10 year period. Statistics New Zealand s Accommodation Survey shows that tourism was largely flat in New Plymouth District from 2004/05 through to 2013/14. Following a drop in 2014/15, total guest nights have begun to increase steadily. Taranaki is also increasingly focused on tourism in the region. This includes the growth from the Govett Brewster Art Gallery/Len Lye Centre, leveraging the Lonely Planet 2 nd best region in the world accolade, the arrival of Jetstar and Originair flights to New Plymouth Airport, Government announcements for further funding for Egmont National Park tracks and other investments, both committed and potential (e.g. Mt Messenger bypass and SH43 investment respectively). The Government s Tourism Strategy also highlights increasing the regional dispersal of tourism as a key goal. MBIE have released national forecasts for tourism growth of 4.8 per cent increase in visitor numbers and a 4.9 per cent increase in visitor days per annum for 2017 to 2023. The Council assumes that the District will have tourism rates growing at the same as the national average for the life of the LTP. 900,000 New Plymouth District Total Guest Nights 800,000 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 381,981 435,890 437,574 448,537 449,109 438,373 446,414 443,481 456,913 460,185 470,111 447,102 480,005 497,360 521,731 547,295 574,113 602,244 631,754 662,710 695,183 729,247 764,980 802,464 841,785 0 Source http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/industry_sectors/accommodation/accommodationsurvey_hotpjun17.aspx Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 22

Risk Assessment http://www.mbie.govt.nz/info services/sectors industries/tourism/tourism research data/international tourism forecasts/documentsimage library/forecasts 2017 report final.pdf http://www.mbie.govt.nz/info services/sectors industries/tourism/tourism strategy http://makeway.co.nz/ The growth in overall guest nights to the District is likely to have some impact on the Council and the community. It is likely that an increase in visits will lead to an increase in use of some Council facilities such as the Puke Ariki, Len Lye, Aquatics Centre, the Coastal Walkway, parks, public toilets and certain roads (particularly coastal roads and around Egmont National Park). Tapuae Roa: Make Way for Taranaki (the Taranaki Regional Economic Development Strategy) includes the visitor sector as one of its three key sectors for acceleration. The Taranaki Visitor Sector Action Plan targets a 7.5 per cent growth in regional visitor numbers. There is a risk that the acceleration results in significant increases in visitor stay nights that place additional pressure on Council services and infrastructure above those forecast, potentially leading to increased cost for the Council. A lower growth rate could also occur. The average growth rate of the past five years is 1.7 per cent per annum (with variations from dropping 5 per cent to growing 7 per cent). If that happens, visitor numbers would still increase, but would be considerably slower. While this scenario is considered unlikely given the considerable opportunities and investment, it may occur. This could mean some investment is under utilised (such as in public toilets), although the impact is likely to be less than at a rate exceeding the assumption. 1,200,000 1,000,000 New Plymouth District Total Guest Nights: Comparison of potential growth rates 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Actuals to date LTP assumptions Make Way aspiration Status quo (average 5 year growth rate) The Council will continue to monitor visitor numbers to assess ongoing trends. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 23

Uncertainty Impact on Council and Community High Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 24

NF10. Climate Change, climate hazards and extremes Assumption The most significant implications of climate change, climate hazards and climate extremes will occur beyond the scope of the Long Term Plan and Infrastructure Strategy. However, some impact will occur during the timeframes of the LTP and IS. Asset Management Plans take into account forecasted climate change and variability in relation to the future management of Council activities. New Plymouth district will, over time, experience more impacts from climate change, climate hazards and climate extremes. However, it is not expected that the most significant changes to the climate, hazard rates or extremes will occur over the life of the Long Term Plan. Instead, the Long Term Plan (and particularly the Infrastructure Strategy) will need to lay the foundations for preparations to address the potential climate change impacts in the future, while addressing some aspects of climate changes. The main forecasts for climate change are: By 2040 the average temperature are forecast to be 0.7 C to 1.1 C warmer than 1995. By 2090 the average temperature is forecast to be 0.7 C to 3.1 C warmer than 1995, with 5 to 41 extra days per year where the maximum temperature exceeds 25 C. In terms of an assumption for the purposes of High Intensity Rainfall Design System (HIRDS) analysis a temperature increase of 2.1 C by 2090 is used. Winter rainfall is expected to increase by 5 to 9 per cent by 2090 The number of extreme wind and storm events is not expected to vary significantly, but there may be changes in their direction and intensity by 2090 The sea level is expected to have risen by 0.5m by 2090 The impacts of climate change are likely to impact the district in a variety of ways. Below is a list of possible impacts and Council responses. The Infrastructure Strategy and subsequent Asset Management Plans now place more emphasis on climate change adaptation and preparedness. Coastal Hazards Within the next 10 years there could be increased risk to coastal properties, roads and infrastructure from coastal erosion and storm inundation. The Council has commissioned Tonkin and Taylor to assess the likely coastal hazard and inundation in the district. This work has demonstrated that there are only small, discrete areas of developed low lying coastal land at risk from inundation, being Waitara, Puke Ariki landing, Oakura and low lying areas around river mouths. In terms of coastal erosion Tonkin and Taylor found that the coast north of Oakura is showing a long term trend of erosion, with properties in Onareo, Waitara and Oakura likely to be impacted within the next 100 years. The proposed District Plan places building restrictions in these areas and ongoing consultation is occurring with these communities. The Council has created an internal working party focussing on better understanding the district s vulnerability and risk to both private and public coastal land and infrastructure. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 25

Flooding With increasing rainfall intensity it is likely that increased flooding will occur in some areas. A series of stormwater catchment management plans is programmed for development within the next three years which will analyse the district s stormwater catchments, taking into consideration the most up to date climate change data when drawing conclusions that will inform resilient land use decisions. The significant stormwater projects budgeted for over the next 10 years have taken account of the latest rainfall projections from NIWA. The result of this is increased stormwater pipe capacity which will move stormwater more quickly and reduce flooding in some areas. Over the next 10 years the Council is also investing in wastewater pumpstation overflow prevention in order to minimise the likelihood that sewer overflows occur during storm events. Structure Planning is now common place in areas of significant growth to allow for comprehensive stormwater management when developing greenfield sites. The Infrastructure Strategy identifies the need to invest in upgrading the level of protection provided by the dams within the district to continue to provide the existing levels of service. Drought With increasing water demand and the increasing likelihood of extended dry periods during summer months, the district it at risk of not meeting water supply levels of service at certain times of year. The Council is taking proactive steps to reduce the district s water use e.g. high industrial/commercial users currently metered and proposing to consider with the community the future shift from voluntary to mandatory residential metering, along with public education. Pressure reduction measures are being explored in some areas. Investigations are also underway for increasing water supply volumes to meet increasing demand over dry periods. Source Risk Assessment Uncertainty MFE Climate change projections for the Taranaki region, http://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate change/how climate change affects nz/howmight climate change affect my region/taranaki Tonkin+Taylor, New Plymouth District Plan Review: Coastal Management Various NIWA reports There is significant uncertainty in the long term implications of climate change. However, it is unlikely that any of the investment undertaken in the LTP will be an over investment in the long term. There is risk that climate hazards occur earlier than current forecasts meaning, for instance, that stormwater asset capacity has not been increased early enough despite the increased investment in new stormwater assets capacity and increased capacity at the time of renewal of existing assets. This will result in infrastructure failure (whether temporary or permanent), requiring additional resource and financing. The LTP includes significant investment in resilience in water and waste water infrastructure. This work will lower the longer term risk for water operations. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 26

Council and the Community over the life of the LTP and IS, however there are potentially significant effects outside of those timeframes Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 27

NF11. Existing and future resource consents Assumption All resource consents required for the operations of Council services will be obtained or renewed when required. The Council is legislatively required to obtain resource consents for various activities that it undertakes in the district, including: Okato WTP abstraction consent expires 2019 NP WWTP discharge of leachate from sludge lagoon to groundwater in the vicinity of the Waiwhakaiho River expires 2020 To place and maintain Te Henui rising main under Waiwhakaiho expires 2020 Oakura WTP bore water abstraction consent expires 2020 NP WTP abstraction consent renewed until 2021 Inglewood WTP abstraction consents expire 2021 To place and maintain Waitara outfall pipe expires 2021 Contingency disposal of sludge to land and air expires 2022 NPWWTP discharge to air expires 2026 Colson Road (regional) Landfill consent expires 2026, it is anticipated this landfill will close around 2019. A regional landfill is being constructed in Eltham. Inglewood oxidation pond intermittent discharge to the Kurapete Stream renewed until 2033 NP WWTP discharge consent renewed until 2041 Risk Assessment Uncertainty Council and the Community The Council s services, including current and future developments would be affected by not obtaining any relevant resource consents. This could ultimately lead to discontinuance in service delivery until consent is obtained. The Council will continue to work closely with the Taranaki Regional Council to ensure all existing and future resource consents are renewed or obtained without any effect on the delivery of the Council s services. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 28

NF12. Legislation changes Assumption Over the life of the LTP, the Government will give political directives on the design and function of local government. The Council does not, however, expect any significant changes to effect the Council. Current Bills before Parliament A number of bills are currently before Parliament that may have minor implications for the Council. This includes the Local Government Act 2002 Amendment Bill (No. 2), and the Health (Fluoridation of Drinking Water) Amendment Bill. Reform of the Resource Management Act and planning framework The Productivity Commission has also identified the inter relationship between the Resource Management Act 1991, the Land Transport Management Act 2003 and the Local Government Act 2002 as requiring change, including that the RMA should be split into urban and non urban legislation. Drinking water reforms There are a number of reviews around drinking water, including the Government s signalled response to the Havelock North Drinking Water Inquiry report. The Council considers it likely that most of the report s recommendations will be implemented. The removal of the secure bore status will impact on the Council s Oakura Water Treatment Plant. The Long Term Plan therefore includes provision to upgrade the Oakura Water Treatment Plant to reflect these changes. The Inquiry s report did not recommend any increased Drinking Water Standards that would impact on the Council s three other Water Treatment Plants (New Plymouth, Okato and Inglewood), however there is a small risk that this occurs as part of the Government s response to the Inquiry (or at some other time). The Long Term Plan does not include upgrades to reflect any increased standards to these three Water Treatment Plants. Freshwater reforms It is also likely that significant reform will occur around freshwater standards. The Long Term Plan includes proposed investments in wastewater pump station overflow preventions and elimination of the emergency use of the Waitara Marine Outfall. It is unclear whether any reform will impact on any other aspect of the Council s service delivery approach. Infrastructure funding The Government has signalled that it will introduce voluntary special purpose vehicles for infrastructure provision. This may require legislative change to implement. This could provide an alternative source for funding growth infrastructure for some growth areas. Risk Assessment Changes to legislation could have implications for the structure of the Council, what services it delivers, the processes and procedures that are used to deliver the services, and the accountability associated with services. There could be significant cost implications and legislative changes and consequences are closely monitored by staff. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 29

Uncertainty Council Community /High Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 30

Financial Assumptions F1. The effects of inflation on the Council s services Assumption The annual cost of Council services will continue to increase at between 1.8% and 2.6%. The Local Government Cost Index measures cost drivers specific to local government (e.g. concrete, reinforcing steel, bitumen, roading chip, building materials, energy and wages etc.) which differs significantly from the inflation pressures affecting households as measure by the CPI. BERL provide local authorities with their view of forecast inflation on key cost drivers. Their measure of inflation is forecast at 1.8 per cent to 2.6 per cent. The Council will need to ensure that the community is well informed about the cost drivers affecting service delivery. The Council s approach is to adopt BERL data and apply a percentage change on year prior values. Note that for year one the model has used half the inflation increase. LGCI Opex LGCI Capex LGCI Total CPI 18/19 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 19/20 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 20/21 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.6 21/22 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.6 22/23 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.7 23/24 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.7 24/25 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.8 25/26 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.8 26/27 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.9 27/28 2.5 2.6 2.6 1.9 The Council has also made specific assumptions about inflation for total staff costs (2 per cent per annum), gas and electricity increases (3 per cent per annum), and the rates payable on Council property (3.5 per cent per annum). Source Risk Assessment http://www.solgm.co.nz/assets/berl Resources/BERL SOLGM Adjustors 2017 update and forecast.pdf Forecast inflation will impact on the ability of the Council to deliver on its service levels and impacts future budgets. The Council will need to ensure that the community is well informed about the cost drivers affecting service delivery. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 31

Uncertainty Council and the Community A higher or lower LGCI than forecast is likely to have impacts on Council budgets. A higher rate of inflation will require either increased budgets (and therefore rates increases) or adjustments to levels of service. A lower rate of inflation will either reduce budgets (and therefore rates increases) or enable increase levels of service within existing budgets. High Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 32

F2. Revaluation of assets Assumption The fair value of assets that are revalued will increase in line with inflation. The revaluation of assets will result in book values that rise in line with inflation. The Council last revalued its land, building and infrastructure assets in 2016, revaluations are expected in 2019, 2022 and 2025 (every three years). Forestry assets are revalued annually. The Council assets deliver services to the community and hold a value in use. The Councils significant assets are long life assets, any reassessment of current replacement costs are used to determine the cost of the asset renewal programme as outlined in the respective Asset Management Plans. This in turn means Council will need to make an increased budgetary provision through general rates for renewal funding. Risk Assessment Uncertainty Council Community There is a risk that assets are revalued at a lower or higher amount than inflation (see also F1). Any substantive change in asset revaluation may result in an increase or decrease in the cost of the asset renewal programme. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 33

F3. Useful lives of significant assets Assumption The actual lives of significant assets are in line with expected useful lives. Assets are expected to have a lifespan as set in depreciation policy in the Statement of Accounting Policies. Asset class Years Roads 5 100 Laboratory 8 30 Solid Waste 35 100 Stormwater 50 140 Flood Protection 50 200 Water 10 120 Wastewater 10 140 Risk Assessment Where actual lives differ (favourably or unfavourably) from expected useful lives this influences the asset renewals and maintenance programme. Assets that have longer lives than assumed will either result in savings through later replacement or may still be replaced at the time set out (e.g. if it is difficult to determine the state of the asset until replacement, such as for underground assets). Assets that have shorter lives than assumed may either result in reduced levels of service or require replacement earlier than expected, potentially before the asset is fully depreciated. Uncertainty Council Community The Council has, and continues to develop, appropriate asset management plans together with regular inspection, maintenance and management practices to manage these risks. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 34

F4. Vesting of new assets in the Council Assumption Council estimates the vesting of approximately $4.0 million of assets per annum (figure as of year one, adjusted for inflation in future years). This assumption is a conservative long run average. Risk Asset vested with Council increases the need for infrastructure renewal funding and also has additional funding implications for operating Assessment costs. Council is aware of likely future levels of vested assets through the resource consent process. The standard of assets proposed to be vested must meet Council s requirements for materials, construction techniques and quality. Any assets vested as the result of development will have minimal impact on the Council s asset base as the district s rate base increases with population growth. Any significant increase in vested assets will increase the Council s asset base. However, it is unlikely to have any significant impact on the Council s financial positions or levels of service. This is because an increase in vested assets would likely reflect additional development and therefore an increase rate base. A decrease in vested assets will mean the Council s asset base will not grow as quickly. This will not be significant in terms of impacting on the Council s debt to asset ratio so should not impact on the ability to borrow. It is, however, likely to reflect a downturn in development (see risks for NF8). Uncertainty Council and Community Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 35

F5. Sources of funds for future replacement of significant assets. Assumption The Council will fund the replacement of significant assets in line with the Revenue and Financing Policy and Financial Strategy The Revenue and Financing Policy sets out how assets will be funded for different activities. The Council maintains renewal reserves which is to fund the replacement of assets. Funding for the renewal of infrastructural assets is calculated on a Long Range Average Renewals Approach (LRARA). Risk Assessment Uncertainty Council Community There is a risk that a funding source is not available to fund the replacement of any given asset at the time of its replacement. Section 80 of the Local Government Act 2002 sets out the process for the Council to make a decision that is significantly inconsistent with a policy. This process could be used at that time. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 36

F6. External funding support (government subsidies and funding support, and other external parties funding support, including NZTA subsidy rates) Assumption NZTA funding to maintain and renew roads and associated assets will remain at current levels. Government funding in other areas and other external funding will remain at current levels External funders provide operational and capital funding support to enable Council to maintain and/or enhance level of service delivery. NZTA provides a significant level of subsidy for roading operations and maintenance as well as capital renewals and augmentation (51 per cent to 100 per cent of eligible works). The NZTA Financial Assistance Rate (FAR) has been reviewed and is currently set at 51 per cent. In addition, other government funding agencies provide funding support to enable the Council to deliver on its service levels. These include funding sources such as the Department of Internal Affairs (soldiers gravesites) and the Ministry for Culture and Heritage (Arts Grants). s of this funding is set out in the relevant Activity Management Plans. Risk Assessment Uncertainty Council and Community Further funding is provided by external parties for events, exhibitions and capital projects. Any reduction in funding support will impact on service levels and the long term custodianship of our roading assets in particular. Less funding from NZTA will have an impact on the district s roading work programme. Projects will either have to be deferred or the Council will need to provide extra funding through rates to counter reduced support from NZTA. An increase in the range and type of subsidies and funding support may require increased funding input from the Council. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 37

F7. Rating remissions Assumption Rates remissions are estimated at $0.76 million. Rates remissions will continue to apply at the current level. Risk The District Plan review is assessing further properties to provide regulatory controls on for which the Council currently provides a Assessment remission. The outcome of the District Plan review is unknown, as there are statutory processes (including public submissions and appeal processes). The remission estimate is based on the current operative District Plan, and a review of the remission policy may be required when the new District Plan is operative. Any change in legislation or the Council s remissions policy will have an impact on the level of rating remissions. Uncertainty Council and Community A higher level of remission will be met through other ratepayers paying higher rates, or may cause a review of the remission policies. A lower remission level will provide a savings and reduce the rates required. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 38

F8. Investment Revenues and Values (forecast return on investment) Assumption We expect the Perpetual Investment Fund (PIF) to release 3.3 per cent of its value per annum, with a rate of return of 5.3 per cent per annum The Council has significant external investments in the Council s PIF. The PIF is managed by a Full Outsourced Agent, (FOA), Mercer New Zealand Limited. The FOA is reviewed and monitored by the New Plymouth PIF Guardians Limited (NPG). Annual releases from the PIF contribute significantly to reducing the annual rates requirement. The proposed PIF release is based on a flat 3.3 per cent of the value of the fund after inflation and including fees and costs. The PIF s rate of return is expected to be 5.3 per cent per annum. Risk Assessment Uncertainty Council and Community This assumption is based on advice from NPG. It is based on a long term view of returns so the 10 year return may differ from the average. If the average annual earnings rate of the PIF is less than forecasted and the value of the PIF decreases, this will reduce the release and may impact on the Council s current Financial Strategy. This could have an impact on the rates requirement or adjustments to the levels of service provided to the community. Document Number: 7429084 LTP Significant Forecasting Assumptions 2018 28 Page 39