INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION

INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION

Microfinance and Disaster Management

Surviving Disasters and Supporting Recovery Framework Assessment of Risks Client Preparedness Disaster Response Institutional Preparedness Disaster Recovery

Assessment of Risks

Risk Assessment HIGH IMPACT LOW FREQUENCY HIGH IMPACT HIGH FREQUENCY IMPACT LOW IMPACT LOW FREQUENCY LOW IMPACT HIGH FREQUENCY FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE

PH Risks Last 10 Years HIGH IMPACT LOW FREQUENCY HIGH IMPACT HIGH FREQUENCY LA NIÑA FLOOD TYPHOON IMPACT PESTS LANDSLIDE STRONG WAVES DROUGHT EARTHQUAKE TORNADO LOW IMPACT LOW FREQUENCY LOW IMPACT HIGH FREQUENCY

Top Disaster Risks Earthquake Storm surge Flood Drought Typhoon La Niña Pests Landslide

Disaster Risk Management IMPACT CONTROL / INSURE Improve and invest in and equipment, technology and techniques ACCEPT / RETAIN AVOID / INSURE Activities should be changed of moved, if possible Role of traditional humanitarian relief and development TRANSFER / INSURE Savings, access to credit, selfinsurance and reserves Through commercial or community-based / indigenous insurance FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE Women World Banking framework Kurz, Financial Inclusion Before, During and After Natural Disasters, Mercy Corps, 2015

Disaster Typhoon Characteristics of Disasters How often? Very often Warn Likely to occur? Yes Highly likely Rapid onset Earthquake Often No Highly likely Rapid onset Speed Spread Level of Damage Provincial - Regional Provincial - Regional Drought Rare Yes Highly likely Slow onset Regional 5.71 Flood Very often Divided Yes/No Highly likely Rapid onset Tsunami Never PAGASA Likely Rapid onset Volcanic Eruption Never Unsure Likely Rapid onset Landslide Often No Likely Rapid onset Storm Surge Very rare Yes Highly likely Rapid onset 9.57 6.45 Municipal 7.50 Municipal Regional 8.60 Provincial 6.33 Barangay- Municipal 5.25 Municipal 8.50

Workshop: Mitigating Disaster Risks Effect to the MFI Activities or policies of MFI to mitigate the effect of the risk How can other organizations help LGU, aid agencies, academe, church etc? Effect to the Clients Changes in product design to mitigate the effect of the risk How can other organizations help LGU, aid agencies, academe, church etc?

Client Preparedness

Impact: Household level Loss of livelihood Severe impact on agriculture Damage or loss of houses Injury/Death

Impact: Community level No water and electricity Damage to infrastructure Outbreaks, Sickness Lack of access to gov t services

Coping Mechanisms of the Poor Access to loans Finding additional work Assistance from family members Donations/relief operations Prayer

Coping Mechanisms Low-stress coping Modify Consumption Budget Call in small debts Draw on insurance Medium-stress coping Use savings Sell non-essential household assets Borrow from friends/family Migrate for work Take on new work High-stress coping Sell productive assets Default on loan(s) Drastically reduce consumption Offer products that will help clients avoid high-stress coping mechanisms Microfinance and Disaster Management, Banking with the Poor Network

MFI Preparedness

MFIs Lack Disaster Preparedness Inadequate policies, procedures and systems Document backup Funding requirements for emergencies Search and rescue, relief Crop insurance Identify risk or hazard areas Capacity building on disaster preparedness Restructuring, refinancing and moratorium of loans

Negative Impact on MFIs Low portfolio quality management Lack of communication clients and staff Difficulty reaching clients Damaged infrastructure office and equipment Lack of manpower staff are victims Liquidity management challenge Delays in management information system

Disaster Response

MFI Practices Made client savings available First responders to their clients some even faster than government aid Distribution of relief goods (pre-positioned) Food Clothing Medicine Temporary shelter

Disaster Recovery

MFI Policies Processing of insurance claims Restructuring and refinancing of loans Loan application for new clients Moratorium on loan applications right after disaster

MFI Practices Moratorium in loan payments After moratorium, clients used savings to pay off loans MFI as source of information for disaster announcements OCCCI earmarked part of its net income to pay for disaster insurance premium of all its members against

ROLE OF MICROFINANCE IN DISASTERS

Before the Disaster Financial education importance of savings and insurance in mitigating effect of disasters Provide safe and compelling place to save Offer affordable insurance products Increase in investment climate confidence Help prepare mitigations Provide information and encourage alternatives when disaster is predicted Kurz, Financial Inclusion Before, During and After Natural Disasters, Mercy Corps, 2015

During the Disaster Allow access to remittances and savings Keep points of service open possible evacuation point Help channel aid Coordinate with government and aid agencies Kurz, Financial Inclusion Before, During and After Natural Disasters, Mercy Corps, 2015

After the Disaster Lend, recapitalize and adjust terms to help restart activities Provide insurance payouts Rebuild and repair institutions Help prevent adverse choices such as asset selling Financial education Kurz, Financial Inclusion Before, During and After Natural Disasters, Mercy Corps, 2015

Indonesia Liquidity Facility After Disasters Emergency liquidity facility Pre-approved 164 MFIs participating Technical assistance with product development and emergency management Aid-led Kurz, Financial Inclusion Before, During and After Natural Disasters, Mercy Corps, 2015

Is a liquidity facility for disaster relevant in PH?

Liquidity Facility Design Purpose Term Amount Interest rate Repayment (amortization) Pre-qualification

Philippine Microfinance NGO Act Financial literacy to clients is a requirement Other services disaster risk reduction and management Preferential tax treatment 2% based on gross revenues in lieu of all national taxes Accredited MFIs gets access to government programs

The way forward

Recommendations Need for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management technical assistance government support Need to coordinate efforts with LGUs and other aid organizations announcements and relief Livelihood support for clients technical and financial, preferably soft loans during recovery stage Availability of soft loans during recovery stage Financial education to clients

Recommendations Strengthen value chain on agriculture where the poor can participate and benefit the most Technical assistance on restructuring and refinancing policies in times of disaster Support for microinsurance disaster, property, capital replacement, loan write off Activities that spur local economy during recovery cash for work; cash transfers Disaster Fund at subsidized costs recoverable at long period

Sources Bhat and Mukherjee, Towards De-Risking Disasters: Taking Stock of Microinsurance for Disaster Risk Reduction Index-Based Microinsurance in South and Southeast Asia, Microsave, 2013 Goldberg and Varada, Microfinance and Disasters: Preparing for the Worst, World Bank, December 2008. Hoy and Toth, The Use of Financial Products in Mitigating natural Disaster Risk, Mercy Corps, May 2017. Kurz, Financial Inclusion Before, During and After Natural Disasters, Mercy Corps, 2015 Loving and Sandusky, Disaster Microcredit: A Mechanism for Recovery, Interagency Biological Restoration Demonstration Program, September 2010. Rapisura, Mariel Vincent, The Effect of Yolanda/Pablo to MFIs and its Clients, March 2014 Rapisura, Mariel Vincent, Coping Mechanisms of the Poor, February 2011 Recovery from the Tsunami Disaster: Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development through Microfinance, Grameen Foundation USA, May 2005.

Vince Rapisura @vincerapisura vincerapisura

Website www.sedpi.com Telefax +632-433-8795 Office Address Unit 303, Loyola Heights Condominium 23 Dela Rosa Street, Loyola Heights Quezon City