PENNSYLVANIA COMPENSATION RATING BUREAU. Empirical Pennsylvania Loss Distribution

Exhibit 22 As Filed Corrected-12/1/2016 PENNSYLVANIA COMPENSATION RATING BUREAU Empirical Pennsylvania Loss Distribution Pages 1 through 4 of the attached exhibit present a distribution of Pennsylvania losses by size of claim. The losses used to produce this distribution include three years of experience. Losses have been trended to the midpoint of the experience period for the proposed loss costs and adjusted to reflect current benefit levels. Additionally, losses were brought to an ultimate level by applying development factors to open claims. Page 5 of the exhibit shows a summary and includes loss ranges consistent with those published with the excess loss factors. In certain instances it was necessary to interpolate between loss size ranges in the empirical distribution in deriving excess loss factors for specified limits. The PCRB s analysis this year again considered loss distributions by type of injury based solely on Pennsylvania experience. Pages 6 through 9 of this exhibit show excess loss ratios by loss limitation separately for death, permanent total, permanent partial, temporary total and medicalonly claims. The columns labeled Actual represent excess losses based entirely on actual losses. For each type of injury except medical-only, losses of $500,000 and higher were fitted to a loss distribution curve and actual losses and claim counts were replaced by the fitted values. Cumulative losses and claim counts were then recalculated using fitted values above $500,000 and actual values for loss limitations below $500,000. The resulting excess loss ratios are shown in the column labeled Fitted. Please Note: The term Pareto refers to Single Parameter Pareto Distribution. Page 10 is a graph showing the cumulative loss distribution for the above mentioned types of injury, along with the total for all injuries. The y-axis represents the cumulative percentage of total incurred losses.

LIMITS PENNSYLVANIA ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED INDEMNITY EXCESS CLAIMS OF LOSSES AND RATIO AVERAGE (ADDED UP) CLAIMS (ADDED DOWN) MEDICAL - 999 533,942 287,990 $ 125,105,718 $ 125,105,718 1.0000 $ 434 1,000 1,999 245,952 74,510 $ 229,906,158 $ 104,800,440.9842 $ 1,407 2,000-2,999 171,442 31,008 $ 305,910,697 $ 76,004,539.9275 $ 2,451 3,000-3,999 140,434 18,547 $ 370,124,213 $ 64,213,516.9080 $ 3,462 4,000-4,999 121,887 12,560 $ 426,331,923 $ 56,207,710.8915 $ 4,475 5,000-5,999 109,327 9,487 $ 478,290,822 $ 51,958,899.8769 $ 5,477 6,000-6,999 99,840 7,853 $ 529,175,631 $ 50,884,809.8637 $ 6,480 7,000-7,999 91,987 6,229 $ 575,806,738 $ 46,631,107.8516 $ 7,486 8,000-8,999 85,758 5,396 $ 621,578,142 $ 45,771,404.8403 $ 8,482 9,000-9,999 80,362 4,578 $ 665,000,894 $ 43,422,752.8298 $ 9,485 10,000-10,999 75,784 4,022 $ 707,177,103 $ 42,176,209.8200 $ 10,486 11,000-11,999 71,762 3,449 $ 746,806,483 $ 39,629,380.8106 $ 11,490 12,000-12,999 68,313 3,136 $ 785,949,978 $ 39,143,495.8018 $ 12,482 13,000-13,999 65,177 2,804 $ 823,775,494 $ 37,825,516.7933 $ 13,490 14,000-14,999 62,373 2,463 $ 859,469,745 $ 35,694,251.7853 $ 14,492 15,000-15,999 59,910 2,196 $ 893,478,801 $ 34,009,056.7775 $ 15,487 16,000-16,999 57,714 1,971 $ 925,985,835 $ 32,507,034.7701 $ 16,493 17,000-17,999 55,743 1,829 $ 958,005,057 $ 32,019,222.7629 $ 17,506 18,000-18,999 53,914 1,802 $ 991,325,049 $ 33,319,992.7560 $ 18,491 19,000-19,999 52,112 1,513 $ 1,020,822,083 $ 29,497,034.7493 $ 19,496 20,000-20,999 50,599 1,448 $ 1,050,472,644 $ 29,650,561.7428 $ 20,477 21,000-21,999 49,151 1,381 $ 1,080,158,905 $ 29,686,261.7365 $ 21,496 22,000-22,999 47,770 1,308 $ 1,109,589,910 $ 29,431,005.7303 $ 22,501 23,000-23,999 46,462 1,256 $ 1,139,103,066 $ 29,513,156.7244 $ 23,498 24,000-24,999 45,206 1,117 $ 1,166,455,378 $ 27,352,312.7186 $ 24,487 25,000-25,999 44,089 1,051 $ 1,193,231,946 $ 26,776,568.7129 $ 25,477 26,000-26,999 43,038 991 $ 1,219,496,049 $ 26,264,103.7074 $ 26,503 27,000-27,999 42,047 985 $ 1,246,588,714 $ 27,092,665.7020 $ 27,505 28,000-28,999 41,062 883 $ 1,271,742,151 $ 25,153,437.6968 $ 28,486 29,000-29,999 40,179 902 $ 1,298,362,611 $ 26,620,460.6916 $ 29,513 30,000-30,999 39,277 841 $ 1,324,000,408 $ 25,637,797.6866 $ 30,485 31,000-31,999 38,436 773 $ 1,348,343,488 $ 24,343,080.6817 $ 31,492 32,000-32,999 37,663 731 $ 1,372,110,234 $ 23,766,746.6769 $ 32,513 33,000-33,999 36,932 702 $ 1,395,630,875 $ 23,520,641.6722 $ 33,505 34,000-34,999 36,230 684 $ 1,419,230,684 $ 23,599,809.6675 $ 34,503 35,000-35,999 35,546 635 $ 1,441,785,506 $ 22,554,822.6630 $ 35,519 36,000-36,999 34,911 608 $ 1,463,962,165 $ 22,176,659.6585 $ 36,475 37,000-37,999 34,303 559 $ 1,484,929,934 $ 20,967,769.6542 $ 37,509 38,000-38,999 33,744 588 $ 1,507,563,090 $ 22,633,156.6499 $ 38,492 39,000-39,999 33,156 540 $ 1,528,891,232 $ 21,328,142.6456 $ 39,497 40,000-40,999 32,616 525 $ 1,550,150,886 $ 21,259,654.6415 $ 40,495 41,000-41,999 32,091 504 $ 1,571,056,466 $ 20,905,580.6374 $ 41,479 42,000-42,999 31,587 496 $ 1,592,132,164 $ 21,075,698.6333 $ 42,491 43,000-43,999 31,091 517 $ 1,614,616,127 $ 22,483,963.6294 $ 43,489 44,000-44,999 30,574 456 $ 1,634,915,229 $ 20,299,102.6255 $ 44,516 45,000-45,999 30,118 409 $ 1,653,518,188 $ 18,602,959.6216 $ 45,484 46,000-46,999 29,709 432 $ 1,673,616,787 $ 20,098,599.6179 $ 46,525 47,000-47,999 29,277 399 $ 1,692,565,184 $ 18,948,397.6141 $ 47,490 48,000-48,999 28,878 434 $ 1,713,613,984 $ 21,048,800.6104 $ 48,500 49,000-49,999 28,444 386 $ 1,732,727,602 $ 19,113,618.6068 $ 49,517 1

ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED INDEMNITY EXCESS LIMITS CLAIMS OF LOSSES AND RATIO AVERAGE (ADDED UP) CLAIMS (ADDED DOWN) MEDICAL 50,000-50,999 28,058 345 $ 1,750,151,068 $ 17,423,466.6032 $ 50,503 51,000-51,999 27,713 351 $ 1,768,222,363 $ 18,071,295.5997 $ 51,485 52,000-52,999 27,362 336 $ 1,785,854,147 $ 17,631,784.5962 $ 52,476 53,000-53,999 27,026 320 $ 1,802,968,289 $ 17,114,142.5928 $ 53,482 54,000-54,999 26,706 350 $ 1,822,036,057 $ 19,067,768.5894 $ 54,479 55,000-55,999 26,356 314 $ 1,839,460,154 $ 17,424,097.5860 $ 55,491 56,000-56,999 26,042 291 $ 1,855,899,113 $ 16,438,959.5827 $ 56,491 57,000-57,999 25,751 296 $ 1,872,921,135 $ 17,022,022.5794 $ 57,507 58,000-58,999 25,455 308 $ 1,890,938,836 $ 18,017,701.5762 $ 58,499 59,000-59,999 25,147 302 $ 1,908,906,790 $ 17,967,954.5730 $ 59,497 60,000-60,999 24,845 268 $ 1,925,120,766 $ 16,213,976.5698 $ 60,500 61,000-61,999 24,577 273 $ 1,941,913,546 $ 16,792,780.5667 $ 61,512 62,000-62,999 24,304 256 $ 1,957,913,527 $ 15,999,981.5636 $ 62,500 63,000-63,999 24,048 241 $ 1,973,220,990 $ 15,307,463.5606 $ 63,516 64,000-64,999 23,807 263 $ 1,990,181,324 $ 16,960,334.5575 $ 64,488 65,000-65,999 23,544 235 $ 2,005,571,742 $ 15,390,418.5545 $ 65,491 66,000-66,999 23,309 201 $ 2,018,935,370 $ 13,363,628.5516 $ 66,486 67,000-67,999 23,108 239 $ 2,035,074,595 $ 16,139,225.5486 $ 67,528 68,000-68,999 22,869 216 $ 2,049,868,324 $ 14,793,729.5457 $ 68,489 69,000-69,999 22,653 244 $ 2,066,826,116 $ 16,957,792.5428 $ 69,499 70,000-70,999 22,409 217 $ 2,082,120,113 $ 15,293,997.5400 $ 70,479 71,000-71,999 22,192 200 $ 2,096,414,908 $ 14,294,795.5372 $ 71,474 72,000-72,999 21,992 219 $ 2,112,298,511 $ 15,883,603.5344 $ 72,528 73,000-73,999 21,773 190 $ 2,126,260,038 $ 13,961,527.5316 $ 73,482 74,000-74,999 21,583 180 $ 2,139,669,886 $ 13,409,848.5289 $ 74,499 75,000-75,999 21,403 208 $ 2,155,376,168 $ 15,706,282.5261 $ 75,511 76,000-76,999 21,195 203 $ 2,170,911,344 $ 15,535,176.5235 $ 76,528 77,000-77,999 20,992 179 $ 2,184,788,119 $ 13,876,775.5208 $ 77,524 78,000-78,999 20,813 193 $ 2,199,936,395 $ 15,148,276.5181 $ 78,488 79,000-79,999 20,620 168 $ 2,213,297,731 $ 13,361,336.5155 $ 79,532 80,000-80,999 20,452 171 $ 2,227,061,230 $ 13,763,499.5129 $ 80,488 81,000-81,999 20,281 163 $ 2,240,347,015 $ 13,285,785.5103 $ 81,508 82,000-82,999 20,118 181 $ 2,255,273,872 $ 14,926,857.5078 $ 82,469 83,000-83,999 19,937 162 $ 2,268,803,865 $ 13,529,993.5053 $ 83,518 84,000-84,999 19,775 159 $ 2,282,239,835 $ 13,435,970.5027 $ 84,503 85,000-85,999 19,616 137 $ 2,293,954,034 $ 11,714,199.5002 $ 85,505 86,000-86,999 19,479 160 $ 2,307,793,908 $ 13,839,874.4978 $ 86,499 87,000-87,999 19,319 143 $ 2,320,304,262 $ 12,510,354.4953 $ 87,485 88,000-88,999 19,176 138 $ 2,332,519,008 $ 12,214,746.4929 $ 88,513 89,000-89,999 19,038 146 $ 2,345,591,492 $ 13,072,484.4905 $ 89,538 90,000-90,999 18,892 148 $ 2,358,985,348 $ 13,393,856.4881 $ 90,499 91,000-91,999 18,744 149 $ 2,372,625,207 $ 13,639,859.4857 $ 91,543 92,000-92,999 18,595 140 $ 2,385,575,510 $ 12,950,303.4833 $ 92,502 93,000-93,999 18,455 155 $ 2,400,068,499 $ 14,492,989.4810 $ 93,503 94,000-94,999 18,300 128 $ 2,412,168,628 $ 12,100,129.4787 $ 94,532 95,000-95,999 18,172 170 $ 2,428,404,165 $ 16,235,537.4763 $ 95,503 96,000-96,999 18,002 132 $ 2,441,134,961 $ 12,730,796.4741 $ 96,445 97,000-97,999 17,870 134 $ 2,454,200,133 $ 13,065,172.4718 $ 97,501 98,000-98,999 17,736 142 $ 2,468,180,790 $ 13,980,657.4695 $ 98,455 99,000-99,999 17,594 143 $ 2,482,405,650 $ 14,224,860.4673 $ 99,475 100,000-109,999 17,451 1,222 $ 2,610,367,220 $ 127,961,570.4651 $ 104,715 2

ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED INDEMNITY EXCESS LIMITS CLAIMS OF LOSSES AND RATIO AVERAGE (ADDED UP) CLAIMS (ADDED DOWN) MEDICAL 110,000-119,999 16,229 1,158 $ 2,743,503,684 $ 133,136,464.4438 $ 114,971 120,000-129,999 15,071 1,048 $ 2,874,400,083 $ 130,896,399.4240 $ 124,901 130,000-139,999 14,023 976 $ 3,006,154,492 $ 131,754,409.4056 $ 134,994 140,000-149,999 13,047 905 $ 3,137,297,870 $ 131,143,378.3885 $ 144,910 150,000-159,999 12,142 917 $ 3,279,247,450 $ 141,949,580.3726 $ 154,798 160,000-169,999 11,225 833 $ 3,416,635,238 $ 137,387,788.3578 $ 164,931 170,000-179,999 10,392 691 $ 3,537,505,800 $ 120,870,562.3441 $ 174,921 180,000-189,999 9,701 668 $ 3,661,061,102 $ 123,555,302.3314 $ 184,963 190,000-199,999 9,033 576 $ 3,773,507,659 $ 112,446,557.3196 $ 195,220 200,000-209,999 8,457 498 $ 3,875,511,261 $ 102,003,602.3085 $ 204,827 210,000-219,999 7,959 470 $ 3,976,484,509 $ 100,973,248.2981 $ 214,837 220,000-229,999 7,489 452 $ 4,078,116,417 $ 101,631,908.2884 $ 224,849 230,000-239,999 7,037 406 $ 4,173,489,135 $ 95,372,718.2792 $ 234,908 240,000-249,999 6,631 356 $ 4,260,752,757 $ 87,263,622.2705 $ 245,123 250,000-259,999 6,275 350 $ 4,350,106,392 $ 89,353,635.2624 $ 255,296 260,000-269,999 5,925 305 $ 4,430,885,276 $ 80,778,884.2546 $ 264,849 270,000-279,999 5,620 311 $ 4,516,363,292 $ 85,478,016.2473 $ 274,849 280,000-289,999 5,309 297 $ 4,601,092,056 $ 84,728,764.2404 $ 285,282 290,000-299,999 5,012 264 $ 4,678,918,318 $ 77,826,262.2339 $ 294,796 300,000-314,999 4,748 359 $ 4,789,366,649 $ 110,448,331.2277 $ 307,656 315,000-329,999 4,389 317 $ 4,891,595,040 $ 102,228,391.2191 $ 322,487 330,000-344,999 4,072 285 $ 4,987,816,078 $ 96,221,038.2110 $ 337,618 345,000-359,999 3,787 254 $ 5,077,410,015 $ 89,593,937.2036 $ 352,732 360,000-374,999 3,533 259 $ 5,172,660,167 $ 95,250,152.1966 $ 367,761 375,000-389,999 3,274 197 $ 5,247,897,149 $ 75,236,982.1901 $ 381,914 390,000-404,999 3,077 187 $ 5,322,118,233 $ 74,221,084.1841 $ 396,904 405,000-419,999 2,890 187 $ 5,399,214,256 $ 77,096,023.1785 $ 412,278 420,000-439,999 2,703 182 $ 5,477,606,406 $ 78,392,150.1732 $ 430,726 440,000-459,999 2,521 200 $ 5,567,559,708 $ 89,953,302.1666 $ 449,767 460,000-479,999 2,321 155 $ 5,640,467,689 $ 72,907,981.1604 $ 470,374 480,000-499,999 2,166 152 $ 5,714,799,846 $ 74,332,157.1547 $ 489,027 500,000-519,999 2,014 129 $ 5,780,587,921 $ 65,788,075.1495 $ 509,985 520,000-539,999 1,885 105 $ 5,836,172,134 $ 55,584,213.1445 $ 529,373 540,000-559,999 1,780 100 $ 5,891,145,360 $ 54,973,226.1399 $ 549,732 560,000-579,999 1,680 92 $ 5,943,559,885 $ 52,414,525.1355 $ 569,723 580,000-599,999 1,588 76 $ 5,988,345,465 $ 44,785,580.1314 $ 589,284 600,000-629,999 1,512 127 $ 6,066,353,029 $ 78,007,564.1275 $ 614,233 630,000-659,999 1,385 112 $ 6,138,625,536 $ 72,272,507.1220 $ 645,290 660,000-699,999 1,273 123 $ 6,222,353,395 $ 83,727,859.1170 $ 680,714 700,000-749,999 1,150 138 $ 6,322,423,871 $ 100,070,476.1108 $ 725,148 750,000-799,999 1,012 119 $ 6,414,563,203 $ 92,139,332.1040 $ 774,280 800,000-849,999 893 97 $ 6,494,672,274 $ 80,109,071.0980 $ 825,867 850,000-899,999 796 93 $ 6,576,109,965 $ 81,437,691.0926 $ 875,674 900,000-999,999 703 136 $ 6,704,782,741 $ 128,672,776.0879 $ 946,123 1,000,000-1,099,999 567 100 $ 6,809,857,385 $ 105,074,644.0799 $ 1,050,746 1,100,000-1,199,999 467 61 $ 6,879,865,517 $ 70,008,132.0733 $ 1,147,674 1,200,000-1,299,999 406 56 $ 6,949,565,075 $ 69,699,558.0678 $ 1,244,635 1,300,000-1,399,999 350 48 $ 7,014,154,955 $ 64,589,880.0631 $ 1,345,623 1,400,000-1,499,999 302 41 $ 7,073,397,434 $ 59,242,479.0590 $ 1,444,939 1,500,000-1,599,999 261 29 $ 7,118,442,619 $ 45,045,185.0554 $ 1,553,282 1,600,000-1,699,999 232 30 $ 7,168,134,802 $ 49,692,183.0523 $ 1,656,406 3

ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED INDEMNITY EXCESS LIMITS CLAIMS OF LOSSES AND RATIO AVERAGE (ADDED UP) CLAIMS (ADDED DOWN) MEDICAL 1,700,000-1,799,999 202 20 $ 7,203,333,701 $ 35,198,899.0495 $ 1,759,945 1,800,000-1,899,999 182 10 $ 7,221,723,378 $ 18,389,677.0471 $ 1,838,968 1,900,000-1,999,999 172 17 $ 7,254,590,077 $ 32,866,699.0449 $ 1,933,335 2,000,000-2,999,999 155 80 $ 7,444,547,683 $ 189,957,606.0428 $ 2,374,470 3,000,000-3,999,999 75 27 $ 7,533,428,874 $ 88,881,191.0296 $ 3,291,896 4,000,000-4,999,999 48 16 $ 7,603,711,110 $ 70,282,236.0225 $ 4,392,640 5,000,000-5,999,999 32 8 $ 7,647,575,255 $ 43,864,145.0176 $ 5,483,018 6,000,000-6,999,999 24 8 $ 7,698,893,429 $ 51,318,174.0141 $ 6,414,772 7,000,000-7,999,999 16 - $ 7,698,893,429 $ -.0117 #DIV/0! 8,000,000-8,999,999 16 1 $ 7,707,743,250 $ 8,849,821.0096 $ 8,849,821 9,000,000-9,999,999 15 3 $ 7,737,074,132 $ 29,330,882.0076 $ 9,776,961 10,000,000 - AND GREATER 12 12 $ 7,903,111,392 $ 166,037,260.0058 $ 13,836,438 GRAND TOTALS 533,942 EXCLUDING CONTRACT MEDICAL $ 7,903,111,392 $ 14,801 4

Pennsylvania Compensation Rating Bureau Distribution of Losses Excess Loss Limits * Loss Number Excess Loss Average Empirical From TO (<) Amount of Claims Amount Excess Ratio 7,903,111,392 0 10,000 665,000,894 458,158 6,480,270,498 1,451.8200 10,000 15,000 194,468,851 15,874 6,144,991,647 12,251.7775 15,000 20,000 161,352,338 9,311 5,870,309,309 17,329.7428 20,000 25,000 145,633,295 6,510 5,634,431,014 22,371.7129 25,000 30,000 131,907,233 4,812 5,426,438,781 27,412.6866 30,000 35,000 120,868,073 3,731 5,239,770,708 32,396.6630 35,000 40,000 109,660,548 2,930 5,069,580,160 37,427.6415 40,000 50,000 203,836,370 4,558 4,767,483,790 44,721.6032 50,000 75,000 406,942,284 6,655 4,158,216,506 61,148.5261 75,000 100,000 342,735,764 3,952 3,675,605,742 86,725.4651 100,000 125,000 326,546,234 2,904 3,275,784,508 112,447.4145 125,000 150,000 328,345,987 2,405 2,944,513,522 136,526.3726 150,000 175,000 339,772,649 2,096 2,667,903,373 162,144.3376 175,000 200,000 296,437,140 1,590 2,438,203,733 186,497.3085 200,000 225,000 253,792,804 1,194 2,241,635,929 212,557.2836 225,000 250,000 233,452,294 988 2,073,608,635 236,288.2624 250,000 275,000 212,871,527 811 1,926,749,608 262,642.2438 275,000 300,000 205,294,034 717 1,799,793,074 286,523.2277 300,000 325,000 178,600,592 570 1,687,850,816 313,151.2136 325,000 350,000 160,161,814 475 1,589,614,002 336,946.2011 350,000 375,000 154,979,443 428 1,502,701,225 361,820.1901 375,000 400,000 124,717,705 322 1,424,800,187 387,723.1803 400,000 425,000 121,434,422 295 1,354,861,598 411,875.1714 425,000 450,000 103,770,764 237 1,291,078,335 438,777.1634 450,000 475,000 99,657,637 216 1,233,614,448 460,845.1561 475,000 500,000 92,559,152 191 1,181,311,546 485,238.1495 500,000 600,000 273,545,619 502 1,007,565,927 544,912.1275 600,000 700,000 234,007,930 362 875,757,997 646,431.1108 700,000 800,000 192,209,808 257 774,148,189 747,898.0980 800,000 900,000 161,546,762 190 694,301,427 850,246.0879 900,000 1,000,000 128,672,776 136 631,328,651 946,123.0799 1,000,000 2,000,000 549,807,336 412 338,521,315 1,334,484.0428 2,000,000 3,000,000 189,957,606 80 233,563,709 2,374,470.0296 3,000,000 4,000,000 88,881,191 27 177,682,518 3,291,896.0225 4,000,000 5,000,000 70,282,236 16 139,400,282 4,392,640.0176 5,000,000 6,000,000 43,864,145 8 111,536,137 5,483,018.0141 6,000,000 7,000,000 51,318,174 8 92,217,963 6,414,772.0117 7,000,000 8,000,000 0 0 76,217,963 0.0096 8,000,000 9,000,000 8,849,821 1 60,368,142 8,849,821.0076 9,000,000 10,000,000 29,330,882 3 46,037,260 9,776,961.0058 10,000,000 & Over 166,037,260 12 13,836,438 TOTAL/AVERAGE 7,903,111,392 533,942 14,801 * Limits consistent with published loss limits for excess loss factors Values have been interpolated when not available on prior pages 5

Death-Pareto PT-Lognormal PP-Pareto TT-Pareto Med only Actual Fitted Actual Fitted Actual Fitted Actual Fitted Actual Loss Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Limit Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio 1,000.9975.9978.9996.9996.9943.9944.9578.9578.5964 2,000.9950.9956.9992.9993.9886.9888.9179.9180.4458 3,000.9925.9934.9988.9989.9829.9832.8808.8808.3596 4,000.9902.9913.9985.9986.9773.9777.8464.8465.3017 5,000.9880.9894.9981.9982.9718.9723.8146.8147.2595 6,000.9859.9874.9977.9979.9663.9669.7850.7851.2272 7,000.9837.9855.9974.9975.9608.9616.7575.7576.2018 8,000.9816.9836.9970.9972.9555.9563.7318.7319.1813 9,000.9794.9817.9966.9968.9502.9511.7078.7080.1644 10,000.9773.9798.9963.9965.9449.9459.6854.6856.1502 11,000.9752.9779.9959.9961.9397.9408.6643.6645.1382 12,000.9730.9760.9955.9958.9346.9358.6445.6447.1280 13,000.9709.9741.9951.9954.9295.9308.6258.6260.1190 14,000.9688.9722.9948.9951.9245.9258.6082.6084.1112 15,000.9667.9704.9944.9947.9195.9210.5915.5917.1043 16,000.9646.9685.9940.9944.9146.9161.5757.5759.0982 17,000.9625.9666.9937.9941.9097.9113.5606.5609.0926 18,000.9604.9647.9933.9937.9049.9066.5462.5465.0876 19,000.9583.9629.9929.9934.9001.9019.5325.5328.0831 20,000.9562.9610.9926.9930.8954.8973.5194.5197.0790 21,000.9541.9592.9922.9927.8907.8927.5069.5072.0751 22,000.9520.9573.9918.9923.8861.8881.4949.4952.0716 23,000.9500.9555.9915.9920.8815.8836.4834.4837.0684 24,000.9479.9536.9911.9917.8769.8792.4724.4727.0654 25,000.9458.9518.9907.9913.8724.8748.4618.4622.0626 26,000.9438.9500.9904.9910.8680.8704.4517.4520.0600 27,000.9417.9481.9900.9906.8635.8660.4419.4422.0576 28,000.9397.9463.9897.9903.8592.8617.4325.4328.0553 29,000.9376.9445.9893.9900.8548.8575.4234.4238.0532 30,000.9356.9426.9890.9896.8505.8532.4147.4150.0512 31,000.9335.9408.9886.9893.8462.8490.4063.4067.0494 32,000.9315.9390.9883.9890.8420.8449.3982.3986.0476 33,000.9294.9372.9879.9886.8378.8408.3904.3907.0459 34,000.9274.9354.9876.9883.8336.8367.3828.3832.0444 35,000.9253.9335.9872.9880.8295.8326.3754.3758.0429 36,000.9233.9317.9869.9877.8254.8286.3683.3687.0415 37,000.9213.9299.9865.9873.8213.8246.3615.3619.0402 38,000.9193.9281.9862.9870.8173.8206.3548.3552.0389 39,000.9172.9263.9858.9867.8133.8167.3483.3487.0377 40,000.9152.9246.9855.9864.8093.8128.3420.3424.0365 41,000.9132.9228.9851.9860.8054.8090.3359.3363.0354 42,000.9112.9210.9848.9857.8015.8051.3300.3304.0344 43,000.9092.9192.9845.9854.7976.8013.3242.3247.0334 44,000.9072.9174.9841.9851.7938.7976.3186.3191.0324 45,000.9052.9156.9838.9848.7900.7938.3132.3136.0315 46,000.9032.9139.9834.9844.7862.7901.3079.3083.0306 47,000.9012.9121.9831.9841.7824.7864.3028.3032.0298 48,000.8992.9103.9827.9838.7787.7828.2978.2982.0290 49,000.8972.9085.9824.9835.7750.7791.2929.2933.0282 6

Death-Pareto PT-Lognormal PP-Pareto TT-Pareto Med only Actual Fitted Actual Fitted Actual Fitted Actual Fitted Actual Loss Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Limit Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio 50,000.8953.9068.9821.9831.7714.7755.2881.2885.0275 51,000.8933.9050.9817.9828.7677.7720.2834.2839.0267 52,000.8913.9032.9814.9825.7641.7684.2789.2793.0260 53,000.8893.9015.9811.9822.7605.7649.2745.2749.0254 54,000.8873.8997.9807.9819.7570.7614.2701.2706.0247 55,000.8853.8980.9804.9816.7534.7579.2659.2664.0241 56,000.8834.8962.9800.9813.7499.7545.2618.2622.0235 57,000.8814.8944.9797.9809.7464.7511.2577.2582.0229 58,000.8794.8927.9794.9806.7429.7477.2538.2542.0224 59,000.8775.8910.9790.9803.7395.7443.2499.2504.0219 60,000.8756.8892.9787.9800.7361.7409.2461.2466.0214 61,000.8736.8875.9784.9797.7327.7376.2424.2429.0209 62,000.8717.8858.9780.9794.7293.7343.2388.2393.0204 63,000.8698.8841.9777.9791.7260.7310.2353.2357.0200 64,000.8679.8824.9774.9788.7227.7277.2318.2322.0195 65,000.8659.8807.9770.9784.7194.7245.2284.2288.0191 66,000.8640.8790.9767.9781.7161.7213.2250.2255.0187 67,000.8621.8773.9764.9778.7128.7181.2218.2222.0183 68,000.8602.8755.9760.9775.7096.7149.2185.2190.0179 69,000.8582.8738.9757.9772.7063.7117.2154.2158.0176 70,000.8563.8721.9754.9769.7031.7086.2123.2127.0172 71,000.8544.8704.9750.9766.7000.7055.2092.2097.0169 72,000.8525.8687.9747.9762.6968.7024.2062.2067.0166 73,000.8506.8670.9744.9759.6937.6993.2033.2038.0162 74,000.8487.8654.9740.9756.6905.6962.2004.2009.0159 75,000.8468.8637.9737.9753.6874.6932.1976.1981.0156 76,000.8450.8620.9734.9750.6844.6901.1948.1953.0153 77,000.8431.8603.9731.9747.6813.6871.1921.1926.0150 78,000.8412.8587.9728.9744.6782.6841.1895.1900.0148 79,000.8393.8570.9724.9741.6752.6811.1869.1874.0145 80,000.8374.8553.9721.9738.6722.6782.1843.1848.0142 81,000.8356.8536.9718.9735.6692.6752.1818.1823.0140 82,000.8337.8520.9715.9732.6662.6723.1793.1798.0137 83,000.8318.8503.9711.9729.6632.6694.1768.1773.0135 84,000.8300.8487.9708.9726.6603.6665.1744.1749.0132 85,000.8281.8470.9705.9723.6574.6636.1721.1726.0130 86,000.8262.8453.9702.9720.6544.6608.1698.1703.0128 87,000.8244.8437.9698.9717.6515.6579.1675.1680.0126 88,000.8225.8421.9695.9714.6487.6551.1652.1657.0123 89,000.8207.8404.9692.9711.6458.6523.1630.1635.0121 90,000.8189.8388.9689.9708.6429.6495.1608.1613.0119 91,000.8170.8371.9685.9705.6401.6467.1587.1592.0117 92,000.8152.8355.9682.9701.6373.6439.1566.1571.0115 93,000.8133.8339.9679.9698.6345.6411.1545.1550.0113 94,000.8115.8322.9676.9695.6317.6384.1524.1529.0112 95,000.8096.8306.9672.9692.6289.6357.1504.1509.0110 96,000.8078.8289.9669.9689.6261.6330.1484.1489.0108 97,000.8060.8273.9666.9686.6234.6303.1464.1470.0106 98,000.8041.8257.9663.9683.6207.6276.1445.1450.0105 99,000.8023.8240.9659.9680.6180.6249.1426.1432.0103 100,000.8005.8224.9656.9677.6153.6223.1408.1413.0101 7

Death-Pareto PT-Lognormal PP-Pareto TT-Pareto Med only Actual Fitted Actual Fitted Actual Fitted Actual Fitted Actual Loss Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Excess Limit Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio 110,000.7825.8064.9624.9647.5891.5966.1238.1243.0087 120,000.7650.7908.9592.9617.5643.5723.1092.1097.0075 130,000.7480.7757.9561.9587.5409.5492.0967.0973.0066 140,000.7314.7609.9529.9558.5187.5275.0861.0867.0058 150,000.7148.7462.9498.9528.4978.5070.0770.0776.0052 160,000.6988.7319.9467.9500.4782.4877.0693.0698.0046 170,000.6833.7181.9437.9472.4599.4698.0626.0631.0042 180,000.6682.7047.9408.9444.4428.4529.0567.0573.0038 190,000.6535.6916.9379.9416.4267.4372.0515.0521.0034 200,000.6393.6790.9349.9389.4116.4224.0469.0475.0032 210,000.6253.6665.9322.9363.3974.4084.0428.0434.0030 220,000.6117.6544.9294.9337.3840.3952.0392.0397.0028 230,000.5981.6423.9267.9312.3713.3828.0359.0365.0026 240,000.5848.6304.9240.9286.3593.3710.0330.0336.0025 250,000.5716.6187.9214.9262.3480.3599.0304.0310.0024 260,000.5587.6072.9189.9238.3372.3493.0280.0286.0023 270,000.5460.5959.9164.9215.3270.3393.0260.0265.0021 280,000.5336.5849.9140.9192.3173.3298.0240.0246.0020 290,000.5216.5742.9116.9169.3082.3208.0223.0229.0019 300,000.5100.5638.9092.9147.2995.3123.0207.0213.0018 315,000.4931.5488.9058.9115.2873.3003.0186.0192.0016 330,000.4768.5343.9024.9084.2760.2892.0168.0173.0014 345,000.4617.5209.8991.9052.2655.2789.0151.0157.0013 360,000.4475.5082.8957.9020.2556.2692.0137.0143.0011 375,000.4334.4957.8924.8989.2465.2602.0124.0130.0010 390,000.4198.4835.8891.8959.2380.2519.0113.0119.0009 405,000.4063.4716.8858.8928.2300.2440.0103.0109.0008 420,000.3934.4601.8825.8897.2225.2366.0095.0101.0008 440,000.3768.4453.8782.8856.2130.2274.0086.0091.0007 460,000.3610.4312.8739.8816.2044.2188.0077.0082.0006 480,000.3460.4179.8698.8777.1963.2109.0069.0074.0005 500,000.3317.4051.8656.8738.1889.2036.0062.0067.0004 520,000.3179.3930.8615.8699.1819.1968.0056.0062.0003 540,000.3044.3817.8574.8661.1753.1904.0051.0056.0002 560,000.2913.3711.8534.8623.1691.1845.0046.0052.0002 580,000.2786.3612.8494.8586.1633.1789.0042.0048.0001 600,000.2663.3519.8455.8548.1578.1737.0039.0044.0001 630,000.2487.3388.8398.8492.1500.1665.0034.0040.0000 660,000.2328.3269.8342.8436.1429.1599.0030.0036.0000 700,000.2124.3124.8270.8363.1342.1520.0026.0031.0000 750,000.1887.2962.8183.8272.1246.1432.0022.0026.0000 800,000.1678.2818.8099.8182.1161.1354.0018.0023.0000 850,000.1487.2689.8019.8093.1086.1285.0015.0020.0000 900,000.1313.2573.7943.8006.1020.1223.0012.0017.0000 1,000,000.1032.2372.7793.7836.0910.1117.0008.0014.0000 1,100,000.0825.2204.7648.7670.0819.1029.0005.0011.0000 1,200,000.0667.2062.7509.7510.0743.0955.0003.0009.0000 1,300,000.0552.1939.7369.7354.0678.0892.0002.0008.0000 1,400,000.0462.1831.7239.7204.0622.0837.0001.0006.0000 1,500,000.0394.1737.7110.7058.0573.0789.0000.0005.0000 1,600,000.0343.1653.6986.6916.0531.0747.0000.0005.0000 8

Pennsylvania Compensation Rating Bureau Cumulative Distribution of Loss By Type of Injury ( 2009-2011) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 2000000 4000000 6000000 8000000 10000000 12000000 14000000 Death PT PP TT All 10