uvodnik FINANSIJSKA EDUKACIJA Prof. dr Veroljub Dugalić Generalni sekretar Udruženje banaka Srbije ubs@ubs-asb.com U poslednjoj deceniji prošlog, a naročito s početkom 21. veka uspešnost neke institucije ne procenjuje se isključivo po ostvarivanju profita i drugih aktivnosti tržišnog karaktera već i koliko je svojim radom postala značajan činilac društva kao celine. Odnosno, od institucije/ firme se sve više zahteva vođenje poslovanja na društveno odgovoran način. Društvena odgovornost se najčešće definiše kao koncept koji nalaže komercijalnim preduzećima da brinu o svim svojim akcionarima, u svim aspektima svojih poslovnih aktivnosti, odnosno o odgovornosti preduzeća prema društvu. Osnovna područja aktivnosti društveno odgovorne institucije/ firme su: sprečavanje i rešavanje ekoloških problema, unapređenje obrazovanja, umetnosti i zdravlja pojedinca i doprinos rešavanju opšteljudskih i socijalnih problema i unapređenja zajednice. Međunarodna organizacija za standardizaciju - ISO koja okuplja preko 160 zemalja preko svojih predstavnika iz nacionalnih tela za standardizaciju, izdala je više od 18.400 standarda, među kojima i ISO 26000. Ovaj standard iz 2010. godine je Uputstvo o društvenoj odgovornosti koje se primenjuje na dobrovoljnoj osnovi. Namenjen je svim vrstama organizacija i u javnom i u privatnom sektoru, i u razvijenim i u zemljama u razvoju. Samo 6 meseci nakon objavljivanja ovog standarda Institut za standardizaciju Srbije izdao je srpski standard SRPS ISO 26000. U širokom spektru aktivnosti za postizanje društveno odgovornog poslovanja banaka jedna od najznačajnijih je finansijska edukacija. O tome govore i Preporuke OECD-a o principima i standardima dobre prakse u vezi sa finansijskim obrazovanjem i podizanjem svesti o finansijskim pitanjima i Predlozi Saveta za usvajanje dobre prakse u oblasti finansijske edukacije i podizanje svesti o kreditima. 6bankarstvo 3 2013
editorial FINANCIAL EDUCATION Prof Veroljub Dugalić PhD Secretary General Association of Serbian Banks ubs@ubs-asb.com 7bankarstvo 3 2013 Since the last decade of the past century, and especially since the beginning of the 21 st century, a company s successfulness has not been assessed solely on the basis of achieved profit and other market-related activities, but also on the extent to which its business made the concerned company a significant factor in the society as a whole. In other words, each institution/company has been facing increasing requirements to conduct socially-responsible business. Social responsibility is most often defined as a concept obliging commercial companies to take care about all of their shareholders, about every aspect of their business activities, i.e. about the company s responsibility towards the society. The main fields of activities of a socially responsible institution/ company are the following: prevention and resolution of environmental problems, promotion of education, arts and healthcare of individuals, and contribution to solving general and social issues with the aim of improving the community s welfare. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), gathering over 160 countries through its representatives in the national standardization bodies, has issued more than 18400 standards, including ISO 26000. This particular standard, issued in 2010, represents Guidance on Social Responsibility, to be implemented on a voluntary basis. It is targeted at all types of organizations, both in the public and private sectors, in the developed and developing countries. Only 6 months after the publication of this standard, the Institute for Standardization of Serbia issued its Serbian version - SRPS ISO 26000. Within the broad array of activities with the purpose of achieving socially responsible business of banks, one of the most important is financial education. This is referred to in the OECD Principles and Good Practices for Financial Education and Awareness, and in the Recommendation of the Council on
Finansijska pismenost predstavlja ključni okvir za zaštitu korisnika bankarskih usluga, kao i za superviziju i regulaciju finansijskog tržišta. Inovacije na kreditnom tržištu ali i kod drugih bankarskih proizvoda stvorile su nove pogodnosti i mogućnosti za korisnike, ali su isto tako uticale na povećanje rizika jer njihovim korisnicima postaje sve teže da sagledaju i sa razumevanjem procene uslove složenijih kreditnih i drugih proizvoda. Oni, veoma često, poseduju nizak nivo finansijske pismenosti i nedostaje im znanje o ovim bankarskim proizvodima. Svedoci smo kakve sve posledice mogu da nastanu usled loših i nekompetentnih odluka, kao što su slučajevi stambenih kredita, zbog kojih se već više meseci vodi polemika u našoj zemlji. Međutim, imamo primere i kod drugih bankarskih proizvoda jer često zbog neznanja, nerazumevanja, loše procene i lošeg izbora nezadovoljni korisnici se obraćaju Centru za zaštitu korisnika bankarskih usluga NBS. Zbog toga je Narodna banka i pokrenula akcije edukacije dece, omladine i odraslih, budućih i sadašnjih korisnika bankarskih usluga. Slične akcije u svojoj dugoj istoriji sporadično je sprovodilo i Udruženje banaka. Od 2006. godine, osnivanjem Kreditnog biroa, ostvaren je jedan od najznačajnijih koraka u pružanju pouzdanih i aktuelnih informacija o obavezama klijenata kada su u pitanju krediti, lizing, tekući računi i platne kartice i kako bi na osnovu toga procenili stepen rizika kome mogu da se izlože. Obezbeđen je, takođe, i jednom godišnje besplatan pristup podacima o sopstvenom zaduženju. Te informacije su od važnosti za potrošače jer podižu njihovu svest o pristupu kreditima i drugim bankarskim proizvodima i njihovom boljem razumevanju. U narednom periodu planira se intenziviranje projekata posvećenih finansijskoj edukaciji. U tom smeru teče saradnja sa Narodnom bankom a nedavno je Udruženje banaka postalo član Međunarodnog pokreta u sektoru finansijskih usluga CYFI a tiče se finansijske edukacije dece i omladine koji je, iako mlad pokret, uspeo da okupi brojne zemlje i dobije podršku Ujedinjenih nacija i Evropske unije. Udruženje banaka informacijama na svom sajtu, preko časopisa Bankarstvo, izdavanjem stručne literature, brošura i prospekata sprovodi različite vidove i stepene finansijske edukacije. Prisustvom u medijima saopštenjima, izjavama, intervjuima kao i organizovanjem konferencija za novinare, okruglih stolova, tribina itd. podiže svest o bankarskim uslugama i značaju finansijske edukacije. U tom smislu, i u narednim godinama Udruženje će biti angažovano na unapređenju svesti i znanja o kreditnim i drugim vidovima zaduženosti uz adekvatnu distribuciju informacija. Tako na primer, Udruženje banaka je nedavno štampalo 6 prospekta: Krediti, Platne kartice, Tekući računi, Štednja, Kreditni biro za pravna lica i preduzetnike i Kreditni biro za fizička lica koja su poslata svim bankama zajedno sa diskovima na kojima su narezani svi ovi prospekti. Oni na sažet i jednostavan način pružaju potrebne informacije o pomentim bankarskim uslugama i uslugama Kreditnog biroa uz savete na šta korisnik treba posebno da obrati pažnju. 8bankarstvo 3 2013
Good Practices on Financial Education and Awareness Relating to Credit. Financial literacy represents the key framework for the protection of banking services users, and for the supervision and regulation of the financial market. Innovations in the credit market, but also in respect of other banking products, have generated new advantages and possibilities for users, but at the same time led to the increased risk, given that their users have been facing difficulties comprehending and correctly assessing the terms and conditions of the ever more complex credit and other products. The clients rather frequently possess a low level of financial literacy, lacking knowledge on such banking products. We have witnessed the consequences that may occur due to bad and incompetent decisions, including certain cases of housing loans, which have been the subject of heated polemics in Serbia for months. However, there are other examples, concerning other banking products, in which cases the clients address the NBS Center for the Protection of Banking Services Users, dissatisfied due to their unawareness, misinterpretation, bad judgment or bad choice. This is why the National Bank has launched some initiatives to educate children, youth and adults, as the future and present users of banking services. Throughout its long history, the Association of Banks has occasionally undertaken similar initiatives as well. The establishment of the ASB Credit Bureau back in 2006 marked one of the most significant steps towards the provision of reliable and up-to-date information on clients liabilities in respect of loans, leasing, current accounts and payment cards, with a view to assessing the risk that they can be exposed to. The CB also provides, once a year, a free-of-charge access to the data on one s own indebtedness. These data are important for consumers since they raise their awareness on accessing loans and other banking products, and facilitate their better understanding. In the forthcoming period the plan is to intensify the projects dedicated to financial education. To this end, cooperation has been established with the National Bank, and recently the Association of Serbian Banks has become a member of Child and Youth Finance International (CYFI). Although a relatively new institution, dealing with financial education of children and youth, it has managed to gather numerous counties and get the support of the United Nations and European Union. By posting information at its website, by publishing its Bankarstvo Journal, along with other technical reference books, brochures and leaflets, the Association of Serbian Banks has been conducting various forms and degrees of financial education. Its presence in the media through official statements, announcements and interviews, as well as the organization of press conferences, roundtables, panels, etc., has helped raise the awareness on banking services and the importance of financial education. In this sense, the Association will, in the forthcoming years, be engaged in raising awareness and promoting knowledge on credit and other types of indebtedness by means of adequate distribution of information. 9bankarstvo 3 2013
Udruženje banaka će i ubuduće, ukoliko se pokaže potreba, štampati i druge prospekte namenjene korisnicima ostalih finansijskih usluga. Glavni i odgovorni urednik dr Veroljub Dugalić bankarstvo 3 2013 Nadamo se da će ovi prospekti naići na lep prijem kod bankarskih klijenata i da će im pomoći u njihovim poslovnim kontaktima sa predstavnicima banaka ali i kod izbora bankarskih usluga. Isto tako, očekujemo da će banke zadržati i dalje sprovoditi ovu inicijativu Udruženja banaka i ove prospekte držati na vidnim mestima u svojim ekspoziturama, a kada se potroše ažurno ih doštampavati. 10
Thus, for instance, the Association of Serbian Banks recently published 6 leaflets: Loans, Payment Cards, Current Accounts, Savings, Credit Bureau for Legal Entities and Entrepreneurs and Credit Bureau for Natural Persons, which were sent to all banks, together with CDs containing all these leaflets in electronic form. In a concise and simple way, they provide necessary information on the mentioned banking services and services of the ASB Credit Bureau, at the same time advising the users about what they should pay particular attention to. We hope that these leaflets will be well received by bank clients, and that they will help them in their business contacts with bank representatives, but also in the process of choosing bank services. Moreover, we expect the banks to embrace and further develop this initiative of the Association of Serbian Banks, by presenting these leaflets in visible places in their branches, and by regularly printing additional copies once the present stock gets used up. If the need arises in the future, the Association of Serbian Banks will print additional leaflets, targeted at the users of other financial services. Editor in Chief Veroljub Dugalić PhD bankarstvo 3 2013 11