The OECD s Society at a Glance 2 Simon Chapple OECD ELS/SPD Villa Vigoni, Italy, 9- th March 2
Reconceptualisation for 2: Internal reasons OECD growth from 3 to 34 countries Other major economies (e.g. China) Five yearly Social Ministers meeting OECD 5 th anniversary A focus on the reader Getting away from At a Glance spirit? Lack of binding themes Build on other new work of the Social Policy Division (e.g. Growing unequal project) Complementing other OECD publications
Reconceptualisation for 2: External reasons Stiglitz/Sen/Fitoussi Commission Less emphasis on aggregate national accounts Household focus Subjective measures Environment Summary measures of well-being Work with European Commission on subjective well-being Gallup World Poll data Wilkinson and Pickett on inequality as the binding social indicator
At a Glance structure Chapter : Focus on a major indicator (unpaid work) Chapter 2: Interpreting indicators Chapter 3: Traffic lights overview Chapters 4-8: Indicators Five life domains Five indicators per domain One page of text, one page of charts Butterfly chart of country indicator levels (left) and changes (right), ranked by levels (best-worst) Common theme across all indicators, the relationship with income inequality (Wilkinson and Pickett)
Five domains and five indicators per domain General context Household income Fertility Migration Family Old age support rate Self-sufficiency Employment Unemployment Student performance Pensionable years Education spending Equity Income inequality Poverty Income difficulties Leaving low income Public social spending Health Life expectancy Infant mortality Positive and negative experiences Water and air quality Health spending Social cohesion Trust Confidence in social institutions Pro- and anti-social behaviour Voting Tolerance
Indicator selection criteria: Judgments Country coverage (extremely important) Conceptual consistency Within-domain coverage Data quality New Timely Important
Society at a Glance overview Table 3. Overview of the social situation in OECD countries "Green circles" denotes countries are in the top two deciles, "red diamonds" those in the bottom two deciles and "yellow triangle" those in the six intermediate deciles GE SS SS2 SS3 EQ EQ2 EQ3 EQ4 HE HE2 HE3 HE4 CO CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 Median equivalised household income, in USD PPPs Employment to population ratio for population aged 5-64 Unemployment rate for the population aged 5-64 PISA mean scores on the reading literacy scales Gini coefficient of income inequality Poverty rate Percentage finding it difficult or very difficult to manage on current income Percentage of average gross wage to reach a poverty threshold of 6% of median income for lone Life expectancy at birth Infant mortality rate Rate of positive experience Percentage of persons satisfied with water quality Percentage of people expressing high level of trust in others Corruption index Pro-social behavior Voting rates Tolerance of diversity 27 29 29 29 27/8 27/8 2 29 28 28 29 29 27/8 2 2 9 or most rec 2 Australia Austria.. Belgium Canada.. Chile.. Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland.. Ireland Israel Italy.. Japan Korea Luxembourg.. Mexico.. Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia.. Spain Sweden Switzerland.. Turkey United Kingdom United States
General context indicator: Household income Panel A. Annual median equivalised disposable household income in USD at current prices and current PPPs in 27 (, rounded at nearest ) Panel B. Real average annual growth in real median household income, between mid-8s (or mid-9s) and late-2s (or mid-2s), percentages 34 3 3 28 27 27 25 25 25 24 24 23 22 22 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 9 8 7 6 4 3 3 9 9 9 8 6 5 Luxembourg United States Norway Iceland Australia Switzerland Canada United Kingdom Ireland Austria Netherlands Sweden Denmark Belgium Germany Finland New Zealand France Japan OECD Korea Slovenia Spain Italy Greece Israel Czech Republic Portugal Estonia Poland Slovak Republic Hungary Chile Turkey Mexico.3.8.9.6.7.6.7..2.9.8.2.5.5.7.6.7.9.6.7 2. 2.2 2. 2.4 3.3 4. 4.2 35 3 25 2 5 5 2 3 4 5
Self-sufficiency indicator: Pensionable years Panel A. Expected years in retirement, women ( ), 2 Panel B. Expected years in retirement, men, 2 Life expectancy at official exit age Pensionable years Official exit age 86.3 84.4 83.9 87. 85.8 85.2 85. 85. 84.9 8.6 84.5 86.5 89. 86.9 82.4 85.4 85. 83. 8.4 86.8 82.8 86.4 86. 86. 85.9 85.7 85.6 85.4 85.2 86. 84.8 86.6 84.4 86.3 9 85 8 27.3 27.2 26.9 26.5 25.8 25.2 25. 25. 24.9 24.6 24.5 24.5 24. 23.9 23.7 23.4 23.3 23. 22.4 2.8 2.8 2.4 2. 2. 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.2 2. 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.3 75 7 59. 57.3 57. 6.5 57. 62. 63. 58.7 62. 6.7 59. 6. 66. 67. 67. 65 6 55 Italy Slovenia Greece France Belgium Korea Austria Chile Luxembourg Slovak Republic United Kingdom Australia Japan Switzerland Czech Republic Israel OECD Poland Hungary Spain Estonia Canada Sweden Finland New Zealand Germany Ireland Netherlands Portugal United States Denmark Iceland Mexico Norway Official exit age Pensionable years Life expectancy at official exit age 59. 22.7 8.7 9. 79. 57. 23.6 8.6 6.5 2.8 82.3 2. 8. 2.2 8.2 7.5 82.5 7.3 82.3 2.8 8.8 62. 5.6 77.6 6.9 8.9 8.6 83.6 8.8 83.8 8.9 83.9 6. 7.3 78.3 67. 6.9 83.9 63. 8.3 8.4 4.4 79.4 6.5 76.5 7.9 82.9 63. 4.9 77.9 8.3 83.3 7.9 82.9 6.8 8.8 8. 83. 7. 82. 6.9 8.9 7.3 82.3 6.3 8.3 66. 7. 83. 6.4 8.4 67. 7.2 84.2 7.2 82.2 67. 6.2 83.2 55 6 65 7 75 8 85 9
Equity indicator: Income difficulties Panel A. Percentage of people finding it difficult or very difficult to live on their current income, 2, ( ) Panel B. Change in the percentage of people finding it difficult or very difficult to live on their current income between 27 and 2, percentage points 73 63 47 49 6 6 7 8 9 2 2 3 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 9 9 2 23 24 26 29 33 36 36 38 39 4 Norway Denmark Sweden Luxembourg Netherlands Finland Austria Japan Australia Ireland New Zealand United Kingdom Iceland Belgium Germany Canada France Slovenia Korea United States Spain OECD Italy Czech Republic Portugal Slovak Republic Poland Chile Israel Estonia Mexico Turkey Greece Hungary -2-6 -7-5 -4-2 - -2-2 3 3 4 6 7 7 5 6 9 2 79 54 37 24 26 29 Indonesia Russian Federation Brazil China India South Africa -9-3 -3 3 6 8 7 6 5 4 3 2-2 -5 - -5 5 5 2
Health: Positive and negative experiences Panel A. Positive experience index, percentage having reported positive experiences, 29 or latest year ( ) 83.3 79.8 78. 77.8 77. 77. 76.8 76.4 76.4 76.3 75.5 75.5 75. 74.3 73.9 73.7 73.2 72.8 72.7 72.5 72.2 72. 72. 7.5 68. 67.7 66.6 66.2 64.8 63. 62.2 6.9 6. 56.5 Iceland Canada Mexico New Zealand Chile Ireland Denmark Switzerland Sweden United States Norway United Kingdom Austria Australia Luxembourg Belgium Italy Finland France Portugal Netherlands Spain Germany OECD Japan Poland Greece Slovenia Hungary Israel Czech Republic Korea Slovak Republic Estonia Turkey Panel B. Negative experience indicator, percentage having reported negative experiences, 29 or latest year 7.2 24.8 2.4 23.6 27.4 23. 5. 2.7 5.8 28. 6. 23.7 8.2 22. 24. 23.8 27.2 5.3 28.5 28.4 5.8 28.8 2. 22.9 22. 9.9 22.9 25.5 26.4 3. 22.8 22.8 26.9 2.3 28. 8. 76.6 72.8 7. 67. 58.8 Indonesia Brazil China South Africa India Russian Federation 3.3 5.5 7.3 23.9 23.3 27.8 8 6 4 2 2 3 4
Social cohesion: Tolerance Panel A. Community tolerance index of minority groups, percentages, 2, ( ) Panel B. Change in tolerance of minority groups between 27 and 2 (% points) 84 84 8 8 8 78 78 76 76 75 75 73 7 7 69 66 64 6 6 6 58 54 53 5 48 47 44 44 43 42 42 36 36 35 26 Canada Australia New Zealand Netherlands Iceland Ireland Spain Luxembourg United States Denmark Sweden France United Kingdom Germany Norway Belgium Finland Portugal OECD Switzerland Chile Austria Slovenia Italy Greece Mexico Slovak Republic Hungary Korea Japan Czech Republic Israel Poland Turkey Estonia -2 - -9-7 -5-5 -6 - - -2 2 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 7 8 9 7 54 34 3 3 3 Brazil South Africa China Russian Federation India Indonesia - 6 8 26 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2-5 - -5 5 5 2 25 3
Some relevant links www.oecd.org/els/social www.oecd.org/els/social/expenditure www.oecd.org/els/social/family/database www.oecd.org/els/social/childwellbeing