Corporate Profile Q2 2017
Cautionary Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements This Corporate Profile contains forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian provincial securities laws and forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, safe harbor provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and in any applicable Canadian securities regulations. Forward-looking statements include statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, include statements regarding the operations, business, financial condition, expected financial results, performance, prospects, opportunities, priorities, targets, goals, ongoing objectives, strategies and outlook of Brookfield Asset Management and its subsidiaries, as well as the outlook for North American and international economies for the current fiscal year and subsequent periods, and include words such as expects, anticipates, plans, believes, estimates, seeks, intends, targets, projects, forecasts or negative versions thereof and other similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as may, will, should, would and could. Although we believe that our anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements and information are based upon reasonable assumptions and expectations, the reader should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and information because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Brookfield Asset Management to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievement expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements and information. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated or implied by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: the impact or unanticipated impact of general economic, political and market factors in the countries in which we do business; the behavior of financial markets, including fluctuations in interest and foreign exchanges rate; global equity and capital markets and the availability of equity and debt financing and refinancing within these markets; strategic actions including dispositions; the ability to complete and effectively integrate acquisitions into existing operations and the ability to attain expected benefits; changes in accounting policies and methods used to report financial condition (including uncertainties associated with critical accounting assumptions and estimates); the effect of applying future accounting changes; business competition; operational and reputational risks; technological change; changes in government regulation and legislation within the countries in which we operate; changes in tax laws, catastrophic events, such as earthquakes and hurricanes; the possible impact of international conflicts and other developments including terrorist acts; and other risks and factors detailed from time to time in our documents filed with the securities regulators in Canada and the United States. We caution that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When relying on our forward-looking statements, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events. Except as required by law, Brookfield Asset Management undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or information, whether written or oral, that may be as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Notes, assumptions, and definitions can be found in the appendix. 2
Overview 115-year history as a global investor, operator and leading asset manager of high quality real assets Our Business Page 4 Additional Information Asset Management Fee Streams Page 14 Asset Management Growth Potential Page 18 Invested Capital Page 20 Contact Information Page 24 3
Brookfield by the Numbers Assets Under Management: $250 Billion+ Focused on high quality real assets Diversified by asset class and region Real Estate 58% Renewable Power 12% Infrastructure 15% Private Equity 9% Other 1 6% Fee Bearing Capital: $117 Billion Generates $2.2 billion of annualized fees and target carried interest 700 investment professionals Diversified by product mix and strategy Fee Revenue Diversification 2 Listed Partnerships 56% Private Funds 35% Public Securities 6% Transaction and advisory 3% Infrastructure 39% Real Estate 29% Renewable Power 14% Private Equity 12% Public Securities 6% Invested Capital: $31 Billion 3 Generates $1.4 billion of annualized distributable cash flow ~85% invested in listed entities Invested Capital BPY 53% BEP 12% BIP 6% BBU 6% Other Listed 7% Unlisted 16% Distributable Cash Flow BPY 47% BEP 25% BIP 14% BBU 1% Other Listed 13% 1) Other includes Public Securities AUM of $12.3 billion 2) Fee revenue based on annualized fees; excludes target carried interest 3) Prior to corporate leverage; using IFRS values as at June 30, 2017. See page 24 for detailed definition of invested capital 4
Summarized Financial Performance Our asset management business, alongside our invested capital, continues to generate meaningful returns for our shareholders Asset Manager Recurring long-term fees received from managing our funds and carried interests Invested Capital Capital deployed in managed funds and on a direct basis which generate cash distributions Capitalization Conservative long-term capitalization represents 16% LTV 4 on invested capital Capital $158 Billion 1 $31 Billion 2 $9 Billion 2 LAST TWELVE MONTHS JUN. 30, 2017 ($ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS) FFO 3 Fee related earnings $ 732 Realized carried interest 152 884 Listed investments 1,755 Unlisted assets - Disposition gains 1,266 3,021 Total $ 3,905 Interest expense (250) Corporate costs (58) (308) Total $ 3,597 Per share $ 3.55 1) Fee bearing capital 2) IFRS values of debt and preferred shares at corporate level 3) A detailed definition of funds from operations ( FFO ) can be found on page 24 4) Loan to value, refer to page 22 for more information 5
Our Competitive Advantages Our business strategy is simple and leverages our competitive advantages: large-scale capital; global reach; operational expertise As an Asset Manager Large funds and listed entities allow access to multiple forms of capital Flexibility to invest across multiple products Operating capability is a key differentiator Alignment of interests Excellent performance record Real asset expertise aligns with growing capital allocations Transparent operating model and public company governance As an Asset Investor Large-scale capital allows us to pursue large transactions where capital is scarce Global presence and global mandates provide breadth of opportunities Operating expertise facilitates underwriting and enhances returns Deep history of global real asset investing Value-oriented culture focused on longterm investment returns Ability to invest in and operate multiple asset classes 6
Asset Management Diversified Multi-Vehicle Strategy Our clients have tremendous flexibility to invest with us through Listed Partnerships, Private Funds and Public Securities across our real asset operating businesses Brookfield Asset Management Fee Bearing Capital $117 billion $55 billion Listed Partnerships Exchange-traded and highly liquid Flexible capital allocation across broad asset class Consistent distribution yield Perpetual investment horizon $50 billion Private Funds Allows institutional investors to invest large amounts of capital Targeted and predetermined investment strategies Long-term investment horizon reducing reinvestment risk $12 billion Public Securities Diversified security portfolios leveraging our core expertise Flexible and scalable investment mandates Delegate tactical investment decisions 7
Asset Management Financial Performance Annualized fee revenues are $1.3 billion; we also generate $860 million of target carried interest annually, increasing our overall fee run rate to over $2.2 billion Fee Revenues (LTM) 1 JUN. 30, 2017 ($ MILLIONS) LAST TWELVE MONTHS JUN. 30, 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 2017 2016 Change $1,105 $1,200 $1,290 Fee Bearing Capital $ 117,254 $ 108,312 $ 8,942 $702 $836 Base Fees Listed Partnerships $ 469 $ 370 $ 99 Private Funds 462 439 23 $528 Public Securities 85 103 (18) 1,016 912 104 Incentive Distributions 129 86 43 Performance Fees 25 25 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Ann. 2 Other 30 44 (14) Fee Revenues 1,200 1,042 158 Base Fees IDRs Transaction & Advisory Performance Fees Direct Costs (468) (403) (65) Fee Related Earnings $ 732 $ 639 $ 93 15% 1) Excludes carried interest 2) Annualized 8
Asset Management Financial Performance Carried interest represents our share of fund profits in our private funds. Carry eligible capital is $40 billion, positioning us well to continue to generate carry, with substantial upside Carry Eligible Capital AS AT JUN. 30 ($ BILLIONS) Carry Eligible Capital ($40 Billion) 1 AS AT JUN. 30, 2017 $39 $40 Earning Carry (49%) Univested (45%) Early stage (6%) $18 $18 $22 $18 $18 Unrealized Carried Interest ($1 Billion) Realization Timeline AS AT JUN. 30, 2017 $9 $10 $9 0-3 Years (5%) 4-7 Years (60%) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 8+ Years (35%) Uninvested Capital Invested Capital 1) Estimate based on maturity date of funds currently generating deferred carried interest 9
Invested Capital ~85% of our invested capital is held through listed securities, creating strong levels of financial flexibility and increased transparency 1 Invested Capital: $31 Billion 1 BPY, BEP and BIP are diversified entities with a portfolio of high quality, core-plus return asset portfolios with stable cash flows that support stable distributions Other Listed BBU BIP Unlisted BEP BPY The high quality nature of their asset base has a proven ability to withstand economic downturns, and they are financed on a long-term investment grade basis BBU is our flagship listed issuer for owning our business and industrial operations, focused on capital reinvestment for long-term appreciation The operating performance of the four flagship listed entities is economically and structurally independent from one another Listed Partnerships They each participate in our opportunistic or value-add private funds, providing enhanced returns to the core-plus portfolio and alignment of interests Listed investments distribute $1.4 billion in annualized cash flow 2 1) Prior to corporate leverage; using IFRS values as at June 30, 2017. See page 24 for detailed definition of invested capital 2) Annualized distributed cash flow based on ownership and most recent distribution policies as at June 30, 2017. See page 21 for more information 10
Capitalization and Liquidity We are well positioned with a strong balance sheet and significant access to capital to maintain our growth momentum Significant Liquidity ($ MILLIONS) 2017 Cash and financial assets $ 2,218 Undrawn committed credit facilities 5,174 Core Liquidity 7,392 Uncalled private fund commitments 17,525 Total Liquidity $ 24,917 $7 billion of core liquidity to fund growth at BAM and listed subsidiaries $18 billion of committed capital from institutional partners ~$25 billion of balance sheet capital held in listed securities Strong and Flexible Capitalization ~$81 billion of permanent equity capitalization; debt to capitalization: corporate (15%), proportionate (48%) Debt capital primarily in the form of investment-grade, long-term limited recourse financing secured at the asset level Minimal cross collateralization and parental guarantees provide stability and risk mitigation Access to Capital Maturity Average Term ($ MILLIONS) Total 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021+ (Years) Corporate borrowings Term debt $ 4,924 $ 464 $ 4,460 8 Revolving facilities 1 5 Corporate borrowings 4,924 464 4,460 Preferred shares 3,949 n/a perp. $ 8,873 $ 464 $ 4,460 Ability to raise third-party capital through publicly listed and private funds Investment grade ratings: S&P: A-; DBRS: A Low; Moody s: Baa2 1) Revolving credit facility of $1.9 billion to support commercial paper issuance (20 bps spread) or bankers acceptances/libor loans (100 bps spread) 11
Why Invest in Brookfield Now? Large Scale Capital Strong fundraising and excellent track record High-growth fee streams provide stable cash flows and upside potential through performance fees Significant liquidity to fund future growth Global Presence Flexibility to allocate capital to asset classes and markets that offer the most attractive risk-adjusted returns Diversified product offerings through multi-vehicle strategy Operations Focus Strong alignment of interests with shareholders and investors ~17% compound return over the past 20 years 12
Additional Information 13
Asset Management Listed Partnerships Listed Partnerships are permanent capital, high growth entities; we earn contractual base management and performance fees for managing these partnerships Fee Structure Base Management Fees Fixed Base Fees Equity Enhancement Fee (bps) 2,3 Incentive Distribution Rights Annual Incentive Distributions Return Hurdles (1 st & 2 nd ) Brookfield Infrastructure Partners 125 2 15% / 25% $0.81 / $0.88 Brookfield Renewable Partners $21M 1 125 3 15% / 25% $1.50 / $1.69 Brookfield Property Partners $50M 1 125 3 15% / 25% $1.10 / $1.20 Brookfield Business Partners 125 2 20% $25/unit 4 Performance NYSE / TSX Total Return 5 5 Year Annualized (Per Unit) Distributions Target Growth Brookfield Infrastructure Partners BIP / BIP.UN 18% $ 1.74 5% 9% Brookfield Renewable Partners BEP / BEP.UN 8% 1.87 5% 9% Brookfield Property Partners BPY / BPY.UN 7% 1.18 5% 8% Brookfield Business Partners BBU / BBU.UN n/m 0.25 6 1) Annual base fee to Brookfield Asset Management 2) Based on capitalization of partnership (market capitalization plus recourse debt, net of cash) 3) On increases in capitalization; initial capitalization for BPY and BEP is $11.5 billion and $8.1 billion, respectively 4) Return hurdle based on quarterly growth of market value of units, subject to a high watermark initially set at $25 per unit 5) As at Jun. 30, 2017; Source: Bloomberg; includes reinvestment of dividends. Brookfield Property Partners listed on NYSE March 2013; annualized return since inception 6) Brookfield Business Partners level of distribution is not intended to grow as the partnership intends to reinvest its capital. Returns will be based on capital appreciation 14
Asset Management Private Funds Private funds generate long-term contractual base fees and have the opportunity to earn carried interest upon exceeding pre-determined return hurdles Typical Fee Structure Base Fees (bps) Carried Interest Target Return Return Hurdles Core Plus and Value Add 100 150 18% 10% 15% 9% Opportunistic 150 190 20% 18% 25% 11% Performance 1 Committed Capital 2 ($ BILLIONS) Vintages Gross Net Core Plus and Value Add Real Estate $ 5 2006 2016 13% 11% Infrastructure 26 2006 2016 16% 12% Sustainable Resources 4 2005 2015 7% 6% Finance 9 2004 2016 12% 10% Opportunistic IRRs 3 Real Estate 21 2006 2015 21% 18% Private Equity 6 2001 2015 22% 15% 1) As at June 30, 2017. Past performance is not indicative of future performance 2) Committed capital represents original committed/pledged capital of both Brookfield and third parties, including current capital available for commitments, capital raised from funds in market and capital that may no longer be available given the mandate of each product 3) Gross IRR reflects IRRs before fund expenses, management fees (or equivalent fees), and carried interest (if any), which would reduce an investor s return. Net IRR is calculated on a fund level and not for any particular investor, and takes into account any such expenses, fees and carried interest (including any fees allocated to, or paid by, Brookfield and its affiliates as a limited partner based on applicable rates) 15
Asset Management Private Funds 1 AS AT JUN. 30, 2017 ($ MILLIONS) Committed Capital Brookfield Participation 2 Year Formed AS AT JUN. 30, 2017 ($ MILLIONS) Committed Capital Brookfield Participation 2 Year Formed Brookfield Real Estate Funds Brookfield Infrastructure Funds Opportunistic Value Add Real Estate Opportunity I $240 52% 2006 Real Estate Opportunity II $260 29% 2007 Real Estate Turnaround $5,570 18% 2009 Strategic Real Estate Partners I* $4,350 31% 2012 Strategic Real Estate Partners II* $9,000 26% 2015 Thayer VI $306 48% 2014 Value Add U.S. Multifamily Value Add I $325 13% 2011 U.S. Multifamily Value Add II $805 37% 2013 Core Plus U.S. Office $2,200 83% 2006 DTLA $1,100 45% 2013 Premier Real Estate Partners 3 $1,300 24% 2016 Finance Real Estate Finance I $600 33% 2004 Real Estate Finance III $420 12% 2011 Real Estate Finance IV $1,375 18% 2014 Global Infrastructure I* $2,660 25% 2009 Global Infrastructure II* $7,000 40% 2013 Global Infrastructure III* $14,000 29% 2016 Colombia Infrastructure $360 28% 2009 Private Utility $1,370 28% 2006 Sustainable Resources Island Timberlands $530 2005 Timberlands Fund V $1,002 25% 2012 Brazil Timber I $280 18% 2008 Brazil Timber II $270 19% 2012 Brazil Agriculture I $330 31% 2009 Brazil Agriculture II $500 22% 2015 Brookfield Private Equity Funds Opportunistic Capital Partners II* C$1,000 40% 2006 Capital Partners III* $1,000 25% 2010 Capital Partners IV* $4,000 26% 2015 Finance Peninsula Brookfield India Real Estate $95 2013 * Flagship funds 1) Includes performance for all discretionary funds managed by Brookfield Asset Management Inc. or a management affiliate thereof and all investments made by a consortium of investors formed and managed by Brookfield. Excludes direct investments or investments made through managed accounts, joint ventures, co-investments, publicly listed issuers or investment funds for which Brookfield did not serve as the manager during the investment period. Also excludes funds currently in the market and fully divested funds 2) Brookfield participation includes commitments from Brookfield Asset Management, Brookfield Property Partners, Brookfield Renewable Partners, Brookfield Infrastructure Partners and Brookfield Business Partners 3) Perpetual fund 16
Public Securities The Public Securities Group specializes in listed real asset investment opportunities globally, in both equity and debt ~$12.3 Billion FEE BEARING CAPITAL Actively managed strategies offered through separately managed accounts, mutual funds, UCITS funds, closed-end funds and private hedge funds Significant investor base managed on behalf of institutional and retail investors Infrastructure Real Estate Equities Infrastructure Real Asset Debt Real Asset Solutions Performance 1,2,3 Net Portfolio Returns Long-only equity strategies Real Estate 15.4% Infrastructure 15.5% Real Asset Debt 2.7% Diversified Real Assets 0.7% Long/short strategies Real Estate 16.3% Infrastructure 8.5% 1) As at June 30, 2017; Net portfolio returns represent annualized returns since inception of each respective strategy; Inception dates are as follows: Global real estate long-only December 31, 2008; Global infrastructure long-only December 31, 2008; Global real estate long/short July 31, 2002; Global infrastructure long/short May 20, 2008 2) Net of management fees 3) Past performance is not indicative of future performance 17
Asset Management Fee Bearing Capital Growth We continue to increase fee bearing capital through our multi-product platform and are well positioned for continued growth; we currently have five close-ended funds in the market seeking to raise $12 billion of client capital and two open-ended funds seeking perpetual commitments, of which $1 billion has been closed to date ($ BILLIONS) +12% CAGR $191 We target growth in fee bearing capital over the long term: $108 Experiencing accelerated growth in private fund capital raises Listed partnership capital expands with distribution increases, capital issuances and M&A activity 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 ~90% of fee bearing capital is perpetual from listed partnerships or long life private funds (10 12 years) Actual Q2 2016 Interpolated Potential Source: 2016 BAM Investor Day, as at June 30, 2016 Notes/Assumptions on fee bearing capital growth: 1) Listed partnerships midpoint of target distribution growth: BPY 6.5%; BEP 7.0%; BIP 7.0% and $10 billion of preferred units or debt issuance over the next five years. Assumes no change in units outstanding 2) Private funds: raise two additional series of flagship funds ($40 billion) and $10 billion of new and/or niche products over the next five years 3) Public securities grows at ~10% per annum 18
Asset Management Fee Related Earnings Growth Fee related earnings have significant leverage to growth in fee bearing capital; increasing at a much faster rate than fee bearing capital ($ MILLIONS) $660 +17% CAGR $1,455 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Actual Q2 2016 Interpolated Potential LTM Actual New capital earns higher base-management fees: Greater emphasis on higher return value add and opportunistic strategies Increases in partnership capital yields 125 bps compared to lower flat fee on initial capitalization Public Securities Group moving to higher fee equity strategies Incentive distributions increase at a ~31% CAGR over the next five years, if target distribution growth achieved Source: 2016 BAM Investor Day, as at June 30, 2016 Notes/Assumptions on fee bearing capital growth: 1) Listed partnerships midpoint of target distribution growth: BPY 6.5%; BEP 7.0%; BIP 7.0% and $10 billion of preferred units or debt issuance over the next five years. Assumes no change in units outstanding 2) Private funds: raise two additional series of flagship funds ($40 billion) and $10 billion of new and/or niche products over the next five years 3) Public securities grows at ~10% per annum 19
Invested Capital Simple and Transparent Operating Model Brookfield Asset Management (BAM) Directly Held Investments 1 64% 2 60% 30% 75% 100% Brookfield Property Partners (BPY) Brookfield Renewable Partners (BEP) Brookfield Infrastructure Partners (BIP) Brookfield Business Partners (BBU) Brookfield Investment Management (Public Securities Group) Brookfield Property Funds Renewable Power Funds Infrastructure Brookfield Private Equity Funds Public Securities Funds 3 Core Office Core Retail Opportunistic Hydroelectric Wind Utilities Transport Energy Sustainable Resources Communications Private Equity Industrial and Energy Business Services Corporate Credit Infrastructure Securities Real Estate Securities Securitized Credit 1) Includes residential development operations, directly held real assets, and financial assets 2) Economic ownership interest 3) Portfolios of fixed income and equity securities managed on behalf of clients 20
Invested Capital Holdings Our $31 billion of invested capital provides high levels of financial flexibility and substantial debt coverage Invested Capital FFO 3 Distributed Cash Flow Invested Capital - Breakdown No. of Units 1 Quoted 2 IFRS Three Months LTM (Annualized) 4 Listed Investments Brookfield Property Partneres 488 $ 11,551 $ 15,240 $ 173 $ 660 $ 576 BPY Preferred Shares n/a 1,265 1,265 19 76 76 12,816 16,505 192 736 652 Brookfield Renewable Partners 188 6,017 3,642 108 352 Brookfield Infrastructure Partners 110 4,510 1,783 0 279 192 Brookfield Business Partners 81 2,189 1,928 13 105 20 Financial assets 6 Various 1,341 1,341 11 107 109 Other investments Norbord 35 1,087 330 56 176 54 Acadian Timber 8 109 82 7 6 Other listed Various 447 447 67 Unlisted Investments $ 28,516 26,058 460 1,755 1,385 Residential development 2,749 (30) 47 Energy marketing 1,060 (43) (81) Other 1,188 4 34 4,997 (69) $ 31,055 $ 391 $ 1,755 6 1) Based on most recent units outstanding, including the impact of the BEP equity issuance in July 2017 2) Quoted value based on June 30, 2017 public pricing 3) Excludes realized disposition gains 4) Annualized distributed cash flow is based on current distribution policies 5) Includes $819 million of cash and cash equivalents and $522 million of financial assets, net of deposits 6) Estimated 8% annualized total return on weighted average balance 21
Debt to Capitalization Capitalization Corporate Proportionate 1 Consolidated 1 AS AT JUN. 30, 2017 AND DEC. 31, 2016 (MILLIONS) 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 Corporate borrowings $ 4,924 $ 4,500 $ 4,924 $ 4,500 $ 4,924 $ 4,500 Non-recourse borrowings Property specific borrowings 27,944 26,421 57,767 52,502 Subsidiary borrowings 6,174 5,231 9,967 7,949 4,924 4,500 39,042 36,152 72,658 64,951 Accounts payable and other 2,254 1,901 8,552 7,726 15,934 11,982 Deferred income tax liabilities 275 246 5,291 4,572 11,928 9,640 Subsidiary equity obligations 1,636 1,828 3,618 3,565 Equity Non-controlling interests 47,767 43,235 Preferred equity 3,949 3,954 3,949 3,954 3,949 3,954 Common equity 22,329 22,499 22,329 22,499 22,329 22,499 26,278 26,453 26,278 26,453 74,045 69,688 Total capitalization $ 33,731 $ 33,100 $ 80,799 $ 76,731 $ 178,183 $ 159,826 Debt to capitalization 2 15% 14% 48% 47% 41% 41% 1. Reflects liabilities associated with assets held for sale on a consolidated and proportionate basis according to the nature of the balance 2. Determined as the aggregate of corporate borrowings and non-recourse borrowings divided by total capitalization Capitalization includes accounts payable and other liabilities and deferred income taxes, as well as borrowings, subsidiary equity obligations and equity, which is consistent with how we assess our leverage ratios and how we present them to our rating agencies. Corporate capitalization shows debt on a deconsolidated basis. Proportionate consolidation, which reflects our proportionate interest in the underlying entities, depicts the extent to which our underlying equity is leveraged, which we believe is an important component of enhancing shareholder returns. Consolidated capitalization reflects the full consolidation of wholly owned and partially owned entities; however, excludes amounts within equity accounted investments. 22
Investor Relations Contacts Contact Title E-Mail Address Phone Number Brian Lawson Chief Financial Officer brian.lawson@brookfield.com (416) 363-9491 Dennis Blasutti Senior Vice President, Finance dennis.blasutti@brookfield.com (416) 369-5741 Jennifer Ritchie Director, Finance jennifer.ritchie@brookfield.com (416) 956-5230 23
Appendix Notes, Assumptions, and Definitions Fee Bearing Capital represents the capital committed, pledged or invested in our listed partnerships, private funds, and public securities that we manage, which entitle us to earn fee revenues and/or carried interest. Fee bearing capital includes both called ( invested ) and uncalled ( pledged or committed ) amounts. Fee Revenues include base management fees, incentive distributions, performance fees and transaction and advisory fees presented within our asset management segment. Fee revenues exclude carried interest. Fee Related Earnings ( FRE ) are comprised of fee revenues less direct costs (other than costs related to carried interests). FRE gross margin is equal to FRE as a percentage of Fee Revenues. Base Management Fees are determined by contractual arrangements, are typically equal to a percentage of fee bearing capital, are accrued quarterly, include base fees earned on fee bearing capital from both clients and ourselves and are typically earned on both called and uncalled amounts. Incentive Distributions ( IDRs ) are determined by contractual arrangements and are paid to us by our three primary listed partnerships and represent a portion of distributions paid by a listed partnership above a predetermined threshold. Performance Fees are paid to us when we exceed predetermined investment returns on certain portfolios managed in our public securities activities. Performance fees are typically determined on an annual basis and are not subject to clawback in future years. Carried Interest is a contractual arrangement whereby we receive a fixed percentage of investment gains generated within a private fund provided that the investors receive a pre-determined minimum return. Carried interest is typically paid towards the end of the life of a fund after the capital has been returned to investors and may be subject to clawback until all investments have been monetized and minimum investment returns are sufficiently assured. We defer recognition of carried interest in our financial statements until they are no longer subject to adjustment based on future events. Unlike fees and incentive distributions, we only include carried interest earned in respect of third-party capital when determining our segment results. Annualized Fee Base and Target Carry is a non-ifrs measure that consists of annualized fees plus target carried interest. Annualized fees include annualized base management fees which are determined by the contractual fee rate multiplied by the current level of fee bearing capital, annualized incentive distributions based on our listed partnerships current annual distribution policies, annualized transaction and advisory fees which are equal to a simple average of the last two years revenue, annualized performance fees earned from public securities which is equal to a simple average of the last two years revenues, and target carried interest. Target carried interest is a mechanical calculation that is intended to represent the annualized carried interest we would earn on third-party private fund capital subject to carried interest on the assumption that we achieve the targeted returns on the private funds. It is determined by multiplying the target gross return of a fund, less the base management fee, by the percentage carried interest to which we are entitled to, multiplied by the amount of third-party capital, and by the utilization factor. LTM represents last twelve months of financial data. Funds from Operations ( FFO ) is a key measure of our financial performance and we use FFO to assess operating results and our businesses performance on a segmented basis. We define FFO as net income prior to fair value changes, depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes and transaction costs. When determining FFO, we include our proportionate share of the FFO of equity accounted investments on a fully diluted basis. FFO and its per share equivalent are non- IFRS measures which do not have any standard meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The most directly comparable IFRS financial measure is net income. Please refer to the Reconciliation of Net Income to FFO contained in the Supplemental Information posted and maintained on our website for the relevant period. Invested Capital is the amount of common equity allocated to a business segment or business line within a segment. This measure is intended to present the net assets associated with FFO of the segment. Invested capital is equal to common equity by segment, an IFRS measure contained in the filed Interim Report and Annual Report for the relevant period. The private funds performance summary on page 15 sets forth the aggregate performance of our private investment funds by strategy (collectively, the Funds ) that Brookfield is currently managing or has previously managed, and is intended to illustrate Brookfield s experience in managing funds. Committed capital includes original committed/pledged capital, including current capital available for commitments and capital that may no longer be available given the mandate of each product. Gross Internal Rate of Return ( Gross IRR ) reflects the annualized performance before fund expenses, management fees and carried interest. Net IRR reflects annualized performance taking into account fund expenses, management fees and carried interest and are calculated on a fund level and not for any individual investor. Fund investors will likely have different performance returns than those used to aggregate net performance herein due to varying economic terms. In certain funds, Brookfield and its affiliates do not pay management fees or carried interest as a limited partner, which would otherwise result in lower returns, as such Brookfield has included a notional fee on Sponsor capital as if it were a third party investor. Gross IRR and Net IRR by strategy reflect the aggregate equity invested, realized and unrealized proceeds, fund expenses, management fees and carried interest, in the funds currency, if applicable, for the respective private investment vehicle. Aggregate performance includes certain funds that are not eligible for performance fees or carried interest and excludes funds in marketing or funds closed within 12 months of the performance calculation date. Prior performance is not indicative of future results and there can be no guarantee that future funds or investments will achieve comparable results or be able to avoid losses. Gross IRR and Net IRR reflect performance from the funds initial investment date to September 30, 2016. 24