Workshop on Effective Use of Data for Policy Making on Ageing 5-6 December 2017, Chiang Mai, Thailand Gender Gap in Lifecycle Deficit of Non-Market and Market Production in India Laishram Ladusingh Officiating Director International Institute for Population Sciences Mumbai, India
Background Gender based division of roles and responsibilities not only discriminate women but also deprived them from basic human rights NTA and NTTA facilitates assessment of monetary worth of market and non-market (household) production activities Counting women s work in monetary terms and inclusion in GDP shall be in a position to capture economy of a country in better perspective
Objectives The objectives of the study are: Gender differential in monetary value of household production Integration of NTA and NTTA for assessment of gender differential in lifecycle deficit
Data and Methods Time use survey conducted by NSSO (1998-99) for nonmarket production Equal allocation by sex for non-market consumption FIES of NSSO (1999-2000) for market production and consumption adjusted to 1998-99 price Wages of labour inputs for corresponding household production activities of NSSO (1999-2000) adjusted to 1998-99 price were used to monetization of household production activities
Time spent in market and non-market productions 5.0 4.5281 4.5069 Hours per day 3.8 2.5 1.3 2.0551 0.4343 0.0 Market Household Male Female
Gender gap in time spent for market and nonmarket production by working persons 8.0 7.7267 Hours per day 6.0 4.0 2.0 6.2322 4.1146 0.5718 0.0 Market Household Working Male Working Female
Gender gap in time spent and monetary value for cooking Time spent in cooking Monetary value for cooking 5.0 40.0 Hour per day 4.0 3.0 2.0 Monetary value in crore 30.0 20.0 10.0 1.0 0.0 0 5 10 15 2025 3035 4045 50 5560 6570 75 808590+ 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Male_Spent Female_Spent Non-Market_Production_Cooking_M Non-Market_Production_Cooking_F
Gender gap in time spent and monetary value for cleaning Time spent in cleaning Monetary value for cleaning 1.2 10.0 Hour per day 0.9 0.6 0.3 Monetary value in crore 7.5 5.0 2.5 0 0 51015202530354045505560657075808590+ Male_Spent Female_Spent 0.0 0 5 1015202530354045505560657075808590+ Non-Market_Production_Cleaning_M Non-Market_Production_Cleaning_F
Gender gap in time spent and monetary value for child care Time spent in child care Monetary value for child care 1.4 40.0 Hour per day 1.1 0.8 0.6 Monetary value in crore 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.3 0.0 0 5 1015 2025303540 4550556065 7075808590+ Male_Spent Female_Spent 0.0 0 5 1015202530354045505560657075808590+ Non-Market_Production_Childcare_F Non-Market_Production_Childcare_F
Production and consumption from market and non-market activities by male Production and consumption from market activities by male Production and consumption from nonmarket activities by male 30000 300 22500 15000 7500 Monetray value in crore 225 150 75 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Market_Production_M Market_Consumption_M Production_Non-Market_M Consumption_Non-Market_M
Production and consumption from market and non-market activities by female Production and consumption from market activities by female Production and consumption from nonmarket activities by female 14000 500 10500 7000 3500 Monetray value in crore 375 250 125 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Market_Production_F Market_Consumption_F 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Production_Non-Market_F Consumption_Non-Market_F
Gender gap in lifecycle deficit for market and non-market Gender gap in market based LCD Gender gap in non-market based LCD 14000 300 10500 200 In crore INR 7000 3500 0-3500 Monetray value in crore 100 0-100 -200-7000 -300-10500 0 5 1015 20 25 3035 40 4550 55 60 6570 75 80 85-400 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Market_LCD_M Market_LCD_F Non-Market_LCD_M Non-Market_LCD_F
Age patterns of time spent and consummation of non-market production 40.00 Time_Spent Time_Consumed 30.00 Hours per week 20.00 10.00 0.00 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78
Monetary value of labour inputs for adult and elderly care Age group Male Female Total In Crores 6-19 4533987 35929549 40463536 4.05 20-29 3355099 27690281 31045379 3.10 30-49 7090066 40220565 47310632 4.73 50-64 6305486 17583885 23889371 2.39 65+ 8133181 9822860 17956040 1.80 Total 29417818 131247140 160664958 16.07 In Crores 2.94 13.12 16.07
Monetary value of travel for adult and elderly care Age group Male Female Total In Crores 6-19 3453674 3612095 7065770 0.71 20-29 2058243 2775338 4833580 0.48 30-49 2997492 4135715 7133207 0.71 50-64 1826805 1849446 3676251 0.37 65+ 528561 87995 616556 0.06 Total 10864776 12460589 23325364 2.33 In Crores 1.09 1.25 2.33
Conclusion The division of labour by gender is evident - Women confining to non-market household - Men engaging in market production The division of labour by gender is invariant of place of residence Working women too have to take responsibility of household work Women are the sole care provider for children, sick and elderly
Conclusion contd. The burden of household work and providing care falls more heavily on women in 20-34 years The market values of the labour inputs for cooking, cleaning and washing, child care, adult and elderly care, and sick care are respectively 1142, 380, 948, 16 and 23 crore of Indian rupees The contributions of women in the market values of these household works are 96, 92, 82, 81 and 82 percent respectively
Conclusion contd. In the absence of public policies for providing care services to children, elderly and adult women are the main care providers Thus social and gender sensitization policies needs to be reframed to promote gender equity in household responsibility Gender sensitization policies should also recognize contribution of women in enhancing welfare of household members
Perception of household work of women in India Open source
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