Georgia 59 th Georgia is ranked 59th in the GII 2018, moving up 9 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Georgia s ranking over time 1. Georgia s ranking over time GII Input Output Efficiency 2018 59 53 62 79 2017 68 69 62 60 2016 64 67 60 67 Georgia exhibits stable ranking in innovation outputs, taking the 60th-62nd position globally. This year the country improves in innovation inputs, gaining 16 positions from 2017 and taking the 53rd spot. Georgia positions 79th in the Innovation Efficiency Ratio, dropping from the 60th spot it held last year. Relative to its overall GII position (59th), the Efficiency Ratio (79th) ranks rather low, indicating that the economy could improve its efficiency in translating innovation inputs into more outputs. This low rank is partly due to a lower position in outputs (62nd) compared to inputs (53rd). 6 th Georgia is ranked 6th among the 30 lower-middle-income economies in the GII 2018. 6 th Georgia is ranked 6th among the 19 countries in Northern Africa and Western Asia. 1 Note that year-on-year comparisons of the GII ranks are imperfect and influenced by changes in the GII model and data availability.
Benchmarking Georgia to other lower-middle-income countries and the Northern Africa and Western Asia region Georgia s scores by GII area Lower-middle-income countries Georgia has high scores in all the 7 GII areas Institutions, Human Capital & Research, Infrastructure, Market Sophistication, Business Sophistication, Knowledge & Technology Outputs and Creative Outputs, in which it scores above the average of the lower-middle-income group. Top scores in areas such as Regulatory environment, Education, Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs), Trade, competition & market scale, Knowledge absorption, Knowledge impact, and Intangible assets are behind these high rankings. Northern Africa and Western Asia region Compared to other countries in the Northern Africa and Western Asia region, Georgia performs above-average in 3 of the 7 GII areas: Institutions, Market Sophistication, and Knowledge & Technology Outputs. Georgia s innovation profile Strengths On the innovation input side, Georgia presents strengths in each of the five GII areas capturing inputs. In Market Sophistication (39th), the country exhibits strengths in the area Investment (21st). At the indicator level, Georgia performs strongly in Ease of getting credit (11th), Applied tariff rate (6th), and Ease of protecting minority investors, in which it positions 2nd. In Institutions (39th), Georgia shows strong performance in the indicators Cost of redundancy dismissal (18th) and Ease of starting a business, where it ranks 4th in the world. On the input side, three additional indicators are marked as strong. In Human Capital & Research (67th), Pupil-teacher ratio ranks 5th and is highlighted as a strength. In Infrastructure (71st), strength is shown in the indicator Gross capital formation (14th). The indicator FDI inflows (11th) is marked as a strength in Business Sophistication (91st).
On the innovation output side, Georgia s strengths lie in Knowledge & Technology Outputs (57th), where the country performs strongly in two indicators New business density (17th) and FDI outflows (25th). Weaknesses On the innovation input side, most of relative GII weaknesses for Georgia are accrued in Human Capital & Research (67th) and Business Sophistication (91st). Indicators PISA results (61st), Global R&D companies expenditures (40th), and Quality of universities (78th) are signaled as GII weaknesses in Human Capital & Research (67th). Firms offering formal training (88th), University-industry research collaboration (105th), and State of cluster development (112th) present relatively weak performance in Business Sophistication (91st). Relative GII weaknesses in innovation inputs are also identified in Infrastructure (71st) in the indicator Logistics performance (117th) and in Market Sophistication (39th) in the indicator Market capitalization (81st). On the innovation output side, two indicators are marked as weak: High- & medium-hightech manufactures (84th) in Knowledge & Technology Outputs (57th) and ICTs & organizational model creation (100th) in Creative Outputs (73rd). The following figure presents a summary of Georgia s ranks in the 7 GII areas, as well as the overall rank in the GII 2018. Georgia s rank in the GII 2018 and the 7 GII areas Rank 1 is the highest possible in each pillar Total number of countries: 126
Expected vs. Observed Innovation Performance The GII bubble chart shows the relationship between income levels (GDP per capita) and innovation performance (GII score). The depicted trendline gives an indication of the expected innovation performance at different levels of income. Countries located above the trendline are performing better that what would be expected based on their income level. Countries below the line are Innovation Under-performers relative to GDP. Relative to GDP, Georgia performs above its expected level of development.
Missing and Outdated Data More and better data improves the ability of a country to understand its strengths and weaknesses and give policymakers greater capacity to plan and adapt public policies accordingly. The GII 2018 covers 126 countries that complied with the minimum indicator coverage of 35 indicators in the Innovation Input Sub-Index (66%) and 18 indicators in the Innovation Output Sub-Index (66%). The following tables show data for Georgia that is not available or that is outdated. Missing Data Code Indicator Country Model Source 2.1.2 Government funding/pupil, secondary, % GDP/cap n/a 2014 UNESCO Institute for Statistics 4.2.3 Venture capital deals/bn PPP$ GDP n/a 2017 Thomson Reuters, Thomson One Banker Private Equity, SDC Platinum 5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % n/a 2016 ILO, ILOSTAT 5.1.3 GERD performed by business, % GDP n/a 2016 UNESCO Institute for Statistics 5.1.4 GERD financed by business, % n/a 2015 UNESCO Institute for Statistics 5.3.5 Research talent, % in business enterprise n/a 2016 UNESCO Institute for Statistics 7.2.3 Entertainment & Media market/th pop. 15 69 n/a 2016 PwC's Global Entertainment and Media Outlook, 2017 2021 Outdated Data Code Indicator Country Model Source 4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP 2012 2016 World Bank, World Development Indicators 5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad, % 2013 2015 UNESCO Institute for Statistics 7.2.5 Creative goods exports, % total trade 2015 2016 UN COMTRADE 7.3.3 Wikipedia edits/mn pop. 15 69 2016 2017 Wikimedia Foundation
GEORGIA GII 2018 rank 59 Output rank Input rank Income Region Efficiency ratio Population (mn) GDP, PPP$ GDP per capita, PPP$ GII 2017 rank 62 53 Lower-middle NAWA 79 3.9 39.3 10,747.1 68 Score/Value Rank Score/Value Rank Institutions... 71.7 39 Business sophistication... 25.7 91 1.1 Political environment...57.9 51 1.1.1 Political stability & safety*...58.0 81 1.1.2 Government effectiveness*...57.9 43 1.2 Regulatory environment...80.5 28 1.2.1 Regulatory quality*...69.9 32 1.2.2 Rule of law*...54.0 50 1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks...8.6 18 1.3 Business environment...76.7 40 1.3.1 Ease of starting a business*...97.8 4 1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency*...55.6 53 Human capital & research...30.0 67 2.1 Education...50.5 54 2.1.1 Expenditure on education, % GDP...3.8 86 2.1.2 Government funding/pupil, secondary, % GDP/cap...n/a n/a 2.1.3 School life expectancy, years...15.0 50 2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths & science... 405.4 61 2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary... 7.4 5 2.2 Tertiary education... 33.8 57 2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross...51.9 50 2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, %...21.7 49 2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, %...4.9 40 2.3 Research & development (R&D)...5.7 74 2.3.1 Researchers, FTE/mn pop....1,336.6 44 2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP...0.3 79 2.3.3 Global R&D companies, top 3, mn US$... 0.0 40 2.3.4 QS university ranking, average score top 3*... 0.0 78 Infrastructure...42.5 71 3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICTs)...56.8 70 3.1.1 ICT access*...62.6 68 3.1.2 ICT use*...44.7 70 3.1.3 Government s online service*...63.8 55 3.1.4 E-participation*...55.9 74 3.2 General infrastructure... 40.3 53 3.2.1 Electricity output, kwh/cap... 2,912.1 63 3.2.2 Logistics performance*... 13.4 117 3.2.3 Gross capital formation, % GDP...33.7 14 3.3 Ecological sustainability...30.6 90 3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use...7.1 82 3.3.2 Environmental performance*... 55.7 80 3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP...0.3 96 Market sophistication...52.2 39 4.1 Credit... 44.6 43 4.1.1 Ease of getting credit*...85.0 11 4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP...61.9 54 4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP...1.4 23 4.2 Investment...55.4 21 4.2.1 Ease of protecting minority investors*...81.7 2 4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP... 6.9 81 4.2.3 Venture capital deals/bn PPP$ GDP...n/a n/a 4.3 Trade, competition, & market scale...56.5 79 4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, %... 0.7 6 4.3.2 Intensity of local competition...62.9 89 4.3.3 Domestic market scale, bn PPP$... 39.3 102 5.1 Knowledge workers...22.5 [98] 5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, %...n/a n/a 5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms...10.5 88 5.1.3 GERD performed by business, % GDP...n/a n/a 5.1.4 GERD financed by business, %...n/a n/a 5.1.5 Females employed w/advanced degrees, %... 16.4 36 5.2 Innovation linkages...25.6 73 5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration... 29.3 105 5.2.2 State of cluster development...32.5 112 5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad, %...14.7 31 5.2.4 JV strategic alliance deals/bn PPP$ GDP...0.1 27 5.2.5 Patent families 2+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP...0.1 68 5.3 Knowledge absorption...29.2 69 5.3.1 Intellectual property payments, % total trade...0.2 82 5.3.2 High-tech net imports, % total trade... 7.3 75 5.3.3 ICT services imports, % total trade... 0.7 86 5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP... 11.0 11 5.3.5 Research talent, % in business enterprise...n/a n/a Knowledge & technology outputs...24.5 57 6.1 Knowledge creation...21.0 46 6.1.1 Patents by origin/bn PPP$ GDP... 2.6 38 6.1.2 PCT patents by origin/bn PPP$ GDP...0.3 47 6.1.3 Utility models by origin/bn PPP$ GDP...1.8 14 6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP... 13.5 38 6.1.5 Citable documents H index...8.6 75 6.2 Knowledge impact... 34.4 69 6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, %...2.7 23 6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15 64...8.4 17 6.2.3 Computer software spending, % GDP...0.1 89 6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP...4.0 69 6.2.5 High- & medium-high-tech manufactures, %...0.1 84 6.3 Knowledge diffusion...18.2 74 6.3.1 Intellectual property receipts, % total trade... 0.0 89 6.3.2 High-tech net exports, % total trade...0.3 90 6.3.3 ICT services exports, % total trade... 0.7 90 6.3.4 FDI net outflows, % GDP... 2.2 25 Creative outputs...26.8 73 7.1 Intangible assets...37.2 82 7.1.1 Trademarks by origin/bn PPP$ GDP...59.6 35 7.1.2 Industrial designs by origin/bn PPP$ GDP...3.2 39 7.1.3 ICTs & business model creation... 51.4 99 7.1.4 ICTs & organizational model creation...42.7 100 7.2 Creative goods & services... 19.5 70 7.2.1 Cultural & creative services exports, % total trade...0.3 35 7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15 69... 5.5 35 7.2.3 Entertainment & Media market/th pop. 15 69...n/a n/a 7.2.4 Printing & other media, % manufacturing...1.6 27 7.2.5 Creative goods exports, % total trade...0.1 100 7.3 Online creativity...13.1 52 7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15 69...1.6 84 7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15 69...2.1 65 7.3.3 Wikipedia edits/mn pop. 15 69... 44.5 31 7.3.4 Mobile app creation/bn PPP$ GDP...18.9 46 NOTES: indicates a strength; a weakness; an income group strength; an income group weakness; * an index; a survey question. indicates that the country s data are older than the base year; see Appendix II for details, including the year of the data, at http://globalinnovationindex.org. Square brackets indicate that the data minimum coverage (DMC) requirements were not met at the sub-pillar or pillar level; see page 75 of this appendix for details. 116 The Global Innovation Index 2018