Older People Social Inclusion : Interna?onal Policies and Monitoring Indicators Professor Shereen Hussein King s College London The United Kingdom Antalya, 10-12 October 2017
Social Inclusion of older people CONTEXT
Popula?on and wider context Defini?ons of old age Demographic changes Increases in the numbers of older people Matched with a slower increase, or a decline, in the propor?on of working age groups Financing and public expenditures Interna?onal and na?onal policies to prevent, protect and promote
Perceived old age
80 country European Union Italy Life Expectency 70 60 country European Union Italy Netherlands Norway OECD members Turkey Age dependency ratio, old (% of working age population) 30 20 Netherlands Norway OECD members Turkey United Kingdom 50 United Kingdom 10 M. Ismail, Analytical Research Ltd M. Ismail, Analytical Research Ltd 1960 1980 2000 Year 1960 1980 2000 Year
Aspects of social inclusion of older people Age-based discrimina?on Health, employment, educa?on, civic engagement etc. Ac?ve ageing Current Experience and poten?al to remain ac?ve Social protec?on Pensions Healthcare Long-term care Accessibility Public transport Accessibility of goods and services
Older People Social Inclusion and the Sustainable Development Goals Goal 3 : Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages Goal 5: "achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls" Goal 11: Make ci?es and human se\lements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Social Inclusion of older people INTERNATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORKS
Interna?onal policy framework: Agebased discrimina?on Ar?cle 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU The European Conven?on on Human Rights Employment Equality Direc?ve (2000/78/EC) Equal Treatment Direc?ve (2008)
Interna?onal policy framework: Ac?ve ageing Madrid Interna?onal Plan of Ac?on on Ageing (MIPAA) (2002) UNECE Regional Implementa?on Strategy (MIPAA/RIS) Vienna Ministerial Declara?on on Ageing (2012) European Year for Ac?ve Ageing and Solidarity between Genera?ons European Commission s Social Investment Package (2014-2020)
Interna?onal policy framework: Social protec?on of older people Universal Declara?on of Human Rights (UDHR), 1948 The Social Security Conven?on, 1952 (No. 102) Social Protec?on Floors Recommenda?on (No. 202-2012) Europe 2020 strategy Pensions Policy paper: An agenda for adequate, safe and sustainable pensions Enabling people to stay longer in employment Healthcare Health ageing: The European Innova?on Partnership on Ac?ve and Healthy Ageing Long-term care Reducing out-of-pocket costs to the individuals Combina?on of public social protec?on and private insurance op?ons
Policy Framework: Accessibility Cross-over with other vulnerabili?es (esp. disability) European Disability Strategy 2010-20 European Accessibility Act
Monitoring Social Inclusion of older people THE ROLE OF DATA AND INDICATORS
The need for data and indicators Ensure the implementa?ons of policy goals Monitor change Evaluate programmes Iden?fy gaps Enhance policies, programmes and services
Levels of data and indicators Country Level Indicators Na?onal Level Aggregate Data Local /regional Aggregates Individual Level Na?onal Surveys Research Data Administra?ve Data
Selected indicators for older people social inclusion Poverty Absolute and rela?ve poverty; material depriva?on etc. Labour and civic par?cipa?on Health and Wellbeing Subjec?ve and objec?ve indicators (inc. life expectancy and disability free years) Disease indicators (including demen?a); physical ac?vi?es etc. Long term care LTC expenditures Assistance with Daily Living indicators (ADL Access to goods and services Access to LTC/health services Access to broader services (incl. training opportuni?es)
Selected long-term care (LTC) indicators Financing LTC LTC expenditure as a propor?on of GDP Accessibility of LTC Prevalence of u?lisa?on of various LTC services Quality of LTC facili?es Long Term Care Facility Quality Indicators (LTCFQIs) Adult Social Care Outcome Toolkit (ASCOT)
Interna?onal Composite Indices for older people Be\er Life Index Allows comparing well-being across countries, based on 11 topics OECD Includes elements related to old age- but not specific to older people Global Age Watch Index Developed by Help the Aged Interna?onal Based on indicators collated by interna?onal organisa?ons Four domains: income security, health status, capability, enabling environment Ac?ve Ageing Index Developed by UNECE Four domains (captures actual experience & poten?al ability)
Ac?ve Ageing Index: Four domains; 20 indicators Three domains to measure actual experience One domain to measure capacity (poten?al) Methodological issues: Data collated from various sources Primarily: EU-SILC (Survey of Income and Living Condi?ons), EU-LFS (the Labour Force Survey) and the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)
Be\er Life Index This Project is co-financed by the European Union and Turkish Republic
Social Inclusion of older people MONITORING CHANGE AND EVALUATING POLICIES
Key components Current, reliable data are essen?al both for policy formula?on and evalua?on Mul?disciplinary, cross-departmental approaches Ins?tu?onal arrangements and mechanisms Clear range of objec?ves and targets Quan?ta?ve and qualita?ve data collec?on Staff and budgets Clear procedural plans Accountability and response to iden?fied gaps
Social Inclusion of older people COUNTRY CASE STUDIES NORWAY AND THE UNITED KINGDOM
Key demographics: Norway
Norway: older people social inclusion policies Led by the Norwegian Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs Na?onal plan with 4 Goals: Goal 1: Longer working life and maintained ability to work Goal 2: Par?cipa?on, non-discrimina?on and social inclusion Goal 3: Dignity, health and independence Goal 4: Intergenera?onal solidarity
Policy Reforms: Norway Gradual pension reforms from 2011 Universal health and care system Disability benefits reform Cross-sectorial na?onal strategy An age-friendly society (2016) Coopera?on between the government and social partners on a more inclusive working life (IW- agreement; 2014-2018) Government s Ac?on Plan for Universal Design 2015 2019 Care Plan 2020 strengthening both the capacity, competence and quality in care The Demen?a Plan 2020 Recogni?on of informal and family care
Monitoring & Evalua?on: Norway Systema?c and knowledge-based system of informa?on "The Senior Policy Barometer, published yearly by the Centre for Senior Policy The Government ensures a systema?c follow-up of the strategy, including submiong reports using the public health policy monitoring system Repor?ng on Composite indices e.g. AAI
The United Kingdom (UK): Popula?on
The UK: older people inclusion policies Wide range of policy reforms Pension reforms Abolishing the Default Re?rement Age ; equalising State pension age by gender Employment reforms Extending the right to request flexible working Workplace pension reforms Established the Age Ac?on Alliance in 2011 Bringing together older people and cross sector organisa?ons Integra?on strategies between health and social care With budget pooling and joint outcome framework in cases
Monitoring and evalua?on: the UK Financial accountability and cost-effec?veness Con?nues research (e.g. the Future of an Ageing Popula?on- 2016) DWP Evalua?on Strategy Developing outcome measures (e.g. ASCOT) Repor?ng to interna?onal ageing indices
Social Inclusion of older people DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Mapping the interna?onal experience to the Turkish context Overcoming poli?cal and cultural barriers Transforma?ve Social Policy Protec?on; Produc?on; Distribu?on and Reproduc?on Na?onal cross-sectorial ini?a?ves Clear strategy with outcome and target focus Par?cipa?on and empowerment
Data gathering and indicators calcula?ons Building on the mapping exercise for older people social inclusion indicators Clear targets built in a na?onal strategy Incen?ves for collabora?ve work across governmental departments and other stakeholders Representa?on of older people
Key issues to consider Cross-cuong themes of vulnerabili?es Gender issues Capturing informal support Mul?-agency working to collate, analyse and interpret trends and gaps Communica?on strategies; data sharing and data protec?on The role of various types of data and research Administra?ve and research data
Professor Shereen Hussein Shereen.hussein@kcl.ac.uk Twi\er: @DrShereeHussein LinkedIn: DrShereeHussein THANK YOU FOR LISTENING