T-318 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Requirements Hazard Mitigation Section TDEM Recovery, Mitigation, and Standards Raymond Mejia, Lead Hazard Mitigation Planner Samantha Aburto, Hazard Mitigation Planner
Objectives Understand the interpretation of the federal requirements How to address the requirements to meet the expectations Become familiar with best practices associated with Hazard Mitigation Plans Understand basics of Hazard Mitigation Planning terminology
Focus Meet requirements of Stafford Act and Title 44 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 201.6 Focus on Review Guide, plan elements, and requirements Common errors related to interpretation Best practices and tips Does not qualify as G-318
Why have an HMP? Reduction of loss of life and property is most effective when implemented under a plan Risks and vulnerabilities are identified Increase education and awareness around threats, hazards, and vulnerabilities Build partnerships for risk reduction involving government, organizations, businesses, and the public
HMP continued Identify long-term, broadly-supported strategies for risk reduction Align risk reduction with other state, tribal, or community objectives Identify implementation approaches that focus resources on the greatest risks and vulnerabilities Communicate priorities to potential sources of funding
Unit 1 Mitigation and Mitigation Planning
Hazard Mitigation Assistance A HMAP is required to receive funding for these programs; unless it is for a HMAP development
Review Guide HMAP Outline A1. Process a) Schedule or Timeframe b) List jurisdictions c) Jurisdiction, Position/Title, Agency d) Involvement
Schedule Example
Single or Multi-Jurisdictional Jurisdiction = local government Participating jurisdiction seeks plan approval and grant eligibility Tribal governments must meet Tribal mitigation planning requirements Town One governing body Single Jurisdiction City Multiple Jurisdictio ns Tribe District County
Multi-Jurisdiction Requirements Each jurisdiction seeking plan approval must: Participate in the planning process Assess individual risks Identify specific mitigation activities Adopt the plan
Planning Team Members Expertise People and social conditions Built and natural environments Hazards and disaster history Responsibility Implement programs and activities Make decisions on policies and resources
Technical Assistance You could seek help with: Assessing risks Facilitating meetings and outreach strategy Creating plan document Regional Planning Agencies Universities Private Consultants State or FEMA Region
A1. Example
A1. Example Cont.
Review Guide HMAP Outline A2. Opportunity for Involvement a) All Stakeholders b) Position, Title, Agency c) How Invited
Initial Planning Team Decisions Confirm plan purpose and mission Review the current mitigation plan Refine plan scope and schedule Establish responsibilities Develop an outreach strategy
Opportunity for Involvement Planning Team Public Agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities Agencies with authority to regulate development Stakeholders Neighboring jurisdictions Businesses Academia Other private and nonprofit interests Residents Business owners Local workers
Stakeholder Involvement These stakeholders must be given the opportunity to be on the planning team or otherwise involved in the planning process 1. Agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities 2. Agencies that have authority to regulate development 3. Neighboring jurisdictions Visual 1.28
Promoting Participation Send formal invitation from elected official or department head Follow up with a phone call Plan meetings in multiple convenient locations Provide refreshments
A2. Example EXAMPLE OF TYPE JURISDICTION REPRESENTED POSITION OR TITLE AGENCY NEIGHBORING COMMUNITY CITY OF OTHER TOWN EMC OFFICE OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT REGIONAL AGENCY REGION OF ANY TOWN MITIGATION PLANNER COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS AUTH. TO REGULATE DEVELOPMENT CITY OF YOUR TOWN CODE ENFORCEMENT ZONING DEPARTMENT
Break Time
Review Guide HMAP Outline A3. Public Involvement (How) a) Given opportunity and incorporate feedback b) Participate 2X
Tips for Outreach Strategy Brainstorm outreach activities Determine outreach objectives and schedule Develop clear and consistent messages that align with community values Evaluate and incorporate feedback Celebrate success
Involve the Public Prior to Plan Adoption Make the final plan draft available to public for comment Use existing policies for public review Use the adoption process to increase awareness
Keep Public Involved After Plan Adoption Identify how to continue public involvement after plan adoption Use methods that were successful during the planning process
A3. Example
Review Guide HMAP Outline A4. Review/Incorporation of existing plans a) What plans, studies, reports b) How information was incorporated
A4. Example
Review Guide HMAP Outline A5) Continued Public Participation a) How solicit b) Implementation, Monitoring, Evaluation
Keep Public Involved After Plan Adoption Identify how to continue public involvement after plan adoption Use methods that were successful during the planning process
Review Guide HMAP Outline A6) Keep plan current a) Monitoring b) Evaluating c) Updating
Document Who, What, Where, When, and How Who was involved? How was the plan prepared? Schedule Activities How was the public involved? What future public involvement opportunities are scheduled?
A6. Example
A6. Example Cont.
Lunch Time
Unit 2 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Visual 2.1
Review Guide HMAP Outline B1-3. Hazard Profile (in Handout page 3) a) Describe b) Rationale for omission c) Location, extent, impact, previous occurrences, future probability d) Describe unique vulnerabilities for each jurisdiction
Risk Assessment Terms Natural Hazard Community Asset Vulnerability Impact Risk Visual 2.41
Multi-Jurisdiction Considerations Describe unique or varied hazards Assess assets and risks for each jurisdiction Town City Multi- Jurisdictio n County Tribe District Visual 2.42
Potential Impact Risk Probability/Likelihood
Steps to Assess Risks Describe Hazards Identify Community Assets Analyze Risks Summarize Vulnerability Visual 2.44
*Describe the Hazard Visual 2.45
Types of Hazards Natural Hazard Technological Hazard Human-caused Hazard Climate Change Visual 2.46
Sources of Hazard Information State Hazard Mitigation Plan Disaster declarations Hazard-related reports/plans State agencies Colleges/universities Planning team and stakeholders Local records (newspaper, chamber of commerce, local historical society) Visual 2.47
Hazard Profile Location Extent Previous Occurrences Probability of Future Events Visual 2.48
Location Visual 2.49
*Extent Answers strength, severity, intensity, power Define the metrics (i.e. high, med, low)
Extent Visual 2.51
History of Previous Occurrences Date of Flood Property Damage August 19, 2010 $2,500,000 August 28, 2007 $1,000 July 23, 2007 $1,000 October 14, 2006 $15,000 October 9, 2006 $20,000 October 6, 2006 $500,000 October 3, 2006 $25,000 July 10, 2006 $25,000 September 9, 2005 $3,000 Source of data: Date of Flood Property Damage September 12, 2002 $25,000 July 30, 1999 $2,000 July 14, 1999 $60,000 September 6, 1997 $175,000 July 31, 1976 $50,000 September 18, 1972 $385 July 29, 1969 $1,250 August 2, 1963 $5,000 http://webra.cas.sc.edu/hvri/products/s Visual 2.52
Probability of Future Events The previous slide shows: There were 17 occurrences of flooding in Grand County, UT Over 48 years from 1962 through 2010 With 17 occurrences in 48 years, probability of future occurrence is 17/48 = 0.3542 or about a 35% chance of flooding in any year Visual 2.53
Community Assets People Economy Structures Critical Facilities and Infrastructure Natural Environment Visual 2.54
Assess Impacts and Vulnerability For each hazard Evaluate vulnerable assets Assess potential impacts Estimate future losses Visual 2.55
Methods for Analyzing Risk Exposure analysis Historical analysis Scenario analysis Visual 2.56
Exposure Analysis What assets are located in hazard-prone areas? Quantify number, type, value of assets Estimate future development in hazard-prone areas based on planning and zoning Consider magnitude of hazard or event (high vs. moderate wildfire hazard areas) Use maps and GIS for analysis Visual 2.57
Exposure Analysis Visual 2.58
Historical Analysis Based on past events, what are potential future impacts and losses? Use for higher frequency events with available data on past impacts and losses (e.g., winter storms, stormwater flooding) Consider vulnerability of new development Visual 2.59
Hazards Suitable for Historical Analysis Drought Flooding Severe Winter Weather Visual 2.60
Scenario Analysis What are the potential impacts and losses if a particular event occurs? Monetary costs, casualties, down time, etc. Consider a scenario analysis for low-frequency, highconsequence events (e.g., earthquake) Use modeling tools, such as Hazus https://www.fema.gov/hazus Visual 2.61
Risk Comparison Hazard Location Probability Extent Impact Rank Tornado Entire planning area 5% chance per year EF2 Damage > $35 million 1 Hail Entire planning area 75% chance per year Up to 1 diameter Damage $50,000 to $100,000 2 Subsidence Northwest corner of planning area Very low; there is no history of subsidence Minimal Damage <$500 3 Visual 2.62
Summarize Overall Vulnerability Summarize each jurisdiction s overall vulnerability to hazards Communicate findings to: Educate public, stakeholders, elected officials Inform decision-making Develop mitigation strategy Summary answers: What assets are vulnerable to which hazards? Visual 2.63
Develop Problem Statements To communicate vulnerabilities, develop problem statements Clear, concise Not overly technical Identify key issues or problems Based on results of the risk assessment Pertain to individual jurisdictions or to the entire planning area Visual 2.64
Example Problem Statements Newberg City recently annexed the South Woods area located in the wildland-urban interface. The City s land use and building codes do not address wildfire hazard areas. Future development in South Woods will increase vulnerability to wildfires. The North Creek Sewage Treatment Plant is located in the 100-year floodplain and has been damaged in past events. Visual 2.65
*Vulnerability Not Acceptable High wind events impact large areas and cross jurisdictional boundaries; therefore, all of [Put Your Jurisdiction Here] County is exposed to this hazard. Improved property, emergency facilities, critical infrastructure, and critical facilities, and population are considered vulnerable to this hazard. Visual 2.66
Review Guide HMAP Outline B4. NFIP a) Repetitive Loss b) Severe Repetitive Loss
Break Time
Unit 3 Mitigation Strategies and Actions
Review Guide HMAP Outline C1. Existing authorities/capabilities a) Ability to expand/improve C2. NFIP participation/compliance a) Yes/No? b) Continued compliance
Community Capabilities What existing capabilities (plans, policies, programs) currently reduce long-term vulnerability? What capabilities could be used to implement mitigation and reduce vulnerability in the future? Visual 3.72
Examples of Capabilities Plans, policies, and ordinances such as: Comprehensive plans Capital improvement programs Transportation plans Emergency operations plans Zoning ordinances Building codes Planning and Regulatory Visual 3.73
Examples of Capabilities Staff and skills for planning and mitigation such as: Emergency managers Building inspectors Engineers Planners GIS analysts Grant writers Administrative and Technical Visual 3.74
Examples of Capabilities Resources available to fund mitigation actions such as: Operating budgets Stormwater utility fees Development impact fees Financial Visual 3.75
Examples of Capabilities Existing programs that implement mitigation and communicate risk such as: School programs Firewise communities Storm Ready communities Hazard awareness campaigns (Fire Prevention Month) Public Information Officer Community newsletter Education and Outreach Visual 3.76
*National Flood Insurance Program The plan must describe participation in the NFIP Ability to Regulate Floodplain Floodplain Administrator/Manager Floodplain Ordnance Visual 3.77
*Worksheet 4.3 NFIP
Review Guide HMAP Outline C3. Goals a) 2 per plan b) Consistent with hazards C4. Mitigation Actions a) Based on Risk Assessment b) New/existing structure
Plan Goals The plan must include mitigation goals consistent with the hazards identified in risk assessment Evaluate previous goals and reaffirm or change based on current conditions and priorities Visual 3.80
How to Develop Goals Risk assessment findings Outreach findings Community goals State Hazard Mitigation Plan goals Visual 3.81
Identify Mitigation Actions Each jurisdiction must: Identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions to reduce the impacts of hazards identified in the risk assessment Consider actions that reduce risk to: Existing buildings and infrastructure New development and redevelopment Visual 3.82
How to Identify Mitigation Actions Review Risk Assessment Assess Capabilities Planning and Regulatory Administrative and Technical Natural Hazards RISK Community Assets Financial Education and Outreach Visual 3.83
Ideas for Mitigation Actions Subject matter experts, stakeholders, public FEMA Mitigation Best Practices Portfolio Mitigation Ideas https://www.fema.gov/mitigation-best-practicesportfolio Visual 3.84
Review Guide HMAP Outline C5. Prioritize actions a) Describe criteria used b) Consider cost c) Who will implement
Prioritization Criteria Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local champion Protect lives Other community objectives Cons Pros Visual 3.86
Action Prioritization Considers plan goals and hazards addressed Weighs the pros and cons Is appropriate for community capabilities Visual 3.87
Evaluate and Prioritize Actions Describe how actions will be prioritized, including emphasis on benefit-cost review Benefit-Cost Review Are costs reasonable compared to problem and probable benefits? Estimate costs using planning level assessment Consider quantitative ($) and qualitative benefits Costs Benefits $ Losses Avoided BCA Link: https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/92923 Visual 3.88
Review Guide HMAP Outline C6. Integrate plan a) By whom b) Identify planning mechanisms c) For each jurisdiction b) If an update, - progress? D1-3. Updates E1-2. Adoption
Integrating Mitigation Integrate plan goals with other community objectives Use the risk assessment to inform plans and policies Implement mitigation actions through existing mechanisms Local Planning Hazard Mitigation Resilient Community Visual 3.90
Plan Maintenance A plan maintenance process ensures the plan remains an active and relevant document Identify methods for keeping the public involved (A5 Review Guide) Describe method and schedule for monitoring, evaluating, and updating the plan (A6 Review Guide) Visual 3.91
Who Plan Monitoring, Evaluation & Monitoring: Tracking implementation of mitigation actions Mitigation Committee Updating Evaluating: Assessing the effectiveness of the plan at achieving its goals Mitigation Committee Updating: Reviewing & Revising the plan every 5 years Mitigation Committee When Quarterly Annually After a disaster event Three years into the planning cycle How Progress report forms from responsible agencies Evaluate process and implementation Identify lessons learned Report to elected officials Mitigation Committee will convene three years prior to expiration of the current approved plan & update as necessary. Visual 3.92
Review Final Draft Plan Follow existing local process for public review Make available on Web site and community locations Publicize comment period Present to elected officials Visual 3.93
Plan Adoption All jurisdictions seeking plan approval must adopt the plan and submit documentation First adopted resolution accepted by FEMA starts the 5-yr clock No adoption = No funding Visual 3.94
Unit 4 Updates and Adoptionsn Strategies and Actions
Review Guide HMAP Outline D2. Updates to Mitigation a) Describe status of Actions from previous plan a) Completed b) Not completed a) No longer relevant, or b) Deferred to be included in updated plan
Evaluate Progress in Implementation What is the status of each action? Deleted Deferred Did priorities change? Still relevant include in updated mitigation strategy? Completed What factors contributed? What were barriers to implementation? Visual 3.97
Review Guide HMAP Outline D3. Updates to Priorities a) If and How priorities changed a) If not priority changes, state so
How Have Priorities Changed? Identify new actions based on updated risk and capability assessments Reprioritize with remaining actions from previous plan Factors influencing changes: Hazard events and recovery priorities Rate of growth and development Political and economic changes New State or Federal funding sources Visual 3.99
Review Guide HMAP Outline E1. Adoption Resolution jurisdiction seeking approval a) Include documentation of plan adoption prior to submitting final plan to TDEM
Review Guide HMAP Outline E2. Multi-jurisdictional plans a) Each jurisdiction must adopt (90 days standard a) If grant = project not complete without all approved adoptions First adopted resolution accepted by FEMA starts the 5-yr clock No adoption = No project funding
Texas State Mitigation Plans Regional Responsibilities Team Lead 4, 5 & 6 5 1 Raymond Mejia 512-438-6519 Raymond.Mejia@dps.texas.gov Betty Rogers 512-424-7113 Betty.Rogers@dps.texas.gov 2 4 1, 2 & 3 TexasMitigationPlans@DPS.Texas.gov 3 6 = 7 Sammy Aburto 512-424-2565 Samantha.Aburto@dps.texas.gov
For Additional Information TDEMMitigationPlans@dps.texas.gov 512-377-0023 512-424-7820