In Small Island Developing States

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1 In Small Island Developing States Svetlana Bagaudinova Sr. Private Sector Development Specialist International Finance Corporation March 2008

2 Doing Business Indicators 2007 Starting a business 2008 Update of Transparency Dealing with licenses 180 countries Infrastructure Employing workers Registering property Launch of Opportunities for women Research program on opportunities for women Getting credit Protecting investors Doing Business Reform Unit Paying taxes Trading across borders Enforcing contracts Closing a business 2

3 Latin Americ a,14 Middle East,7 OECD,2 South Asia,2 EastEurope,10 Afric a,14 EastAsia,4 Reforms by Doing Business Inspired and Informed Ongoing Reforms Middle East 7 South Asia OECD 2 2 Africa 14 South Asia S o u th A sia, 1 1 Middle East 10 M id d le E a st, 1 0 OECD 2 O E C D, 2 Africa A fric a, Latin America 14 East Europe 10 East Asia 4 Latin America 14 L a tin A me ric a, 1 4 E a st E u ro p e, 6 East Europe 6 E a A sia, 5 East Asia 5 53 completed reforms 60 ongoing reforms 3

4 More Reforms - Higher Equity Returns 90% 3-year shareholder returns 80% Egypt 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Sri Lanka Brazil Colombia Poland India 20% 10% Venezuela 0% Number of reforms,

5 and Higher Shares of Female Entrepreneurs and Women in the Labor Force 40% Female Entrepreneurs (% of entrepreneurs) Female Unemployment (% of male unemployment) 30% 20% 10% 0% Easiest Most difficult Easiest Most difficult Countries ranked by ease of doing business, quintiles Source: Doing Business database, Enterprise Surveys, WDI 5

6 Enterprise Survey Data: % of Firms With Female Participation in Ownership Top 10 Countries: Firms with Female Participation in Ownership 1. Costa Rica (65.26%) 6. Cape Verde (42.71%) 2. Portugal (50.76%) 7. Latvia (42.28%) 3. Paraguay (44.76%) 8. Ireland (41.59%) 4. Ghana (44.01%) 9. Uruguay (41.56%) 5. Colombia (43.04%) 10. Nicaragua (41.41%) South Asia 7% Sub-Saharan Africa 17% OECD 18% East Asia & Pacific 12% Eastern Europe & Central Asia 15% Latin America and Caribbean 20% East Asia & Pacific Eastern Europe & Central Asia Latin America and Caribbean Middle East & North Africa OECD South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East & North Africa 11% 6

7 Ease of Doing Business in SIDS 1. Singapore 2. Mauritius 3. St.Lucia 4. Fiji 5. Antigua and Barbuda 6. Tonga 7. St.Vincent and the Grenadines 8. Belize 9. Maldives 10. Samoa 11. Vanuatu 12. Jamaica 13. St.Kitts and Nevis 14. Trinidad and Tobago 15. Grenada 16.Kiribati 17. Dominica 18. Solomon Islands 19. Palau 20. Papua New Guinea 21. Marshall Islands 22. Seychelles 23. Dominican Republic 24. Guyana 25. Micronesia 26. Cape Verde 27. Suriname 28. Comoros 29. Haiti 30. São Tomé and Principe 31. Timor-Leste 32. Guinea-Bissau 7

8 SIDS: flexible labor regulations Ease of Hiring Workers (0 = most flexible) Employing Workers Top 10 Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America & Caribbean E. Europe & Central Asia Middle East & North Africa OECD South Asia East Asia & Pacific United States 1. Singapore 1. Marshall Islands 4. Georgia 5. Brunei 6. Tonga 7. Maldives 8. Australia 9. Palau 10. Denmark 8

9 Easier Entry Regulations, Lower Taxes, Faster Property Transfers among the Most Popular Reforms in the World Few reforms in SIDS Starting a business 3 39 Paying taxes 3 31 Registering property 4 27 Trading across borders 2 24 Getting credit 2 22 Dealing with licenses 1 15 Enforcing contracts 2 14 Closing a business 1 10 Protecting investors 0 10 Employing workers 0 8 Number of positive reforms Number of positive reforms in SIDS 9

10 Need to Prioritize Reform Agenda SIDS countries need to prioritize reforms Examples of short-term reforms: these require mainly administrative changes. Starting a Business* Registering Property* Dealing with Licenses Trading across Borders *an MCC requirement Examples of some medium to long term reforms: these require substantive restructuring, particularly legislative reform and institutional changes. Employing Workers Getting Credit Enforcing Contracts Closing a Business Protecting Investors Paying Taxes 10

11 Gain momentum - some results show quickly Increase in new business registration after reform (%) After reform Estonia Finland Guatemala Jordan Madagascar Mauritius Saudi Arabia Source: Doing Business database 11

12 Contract enforcement reform Tonga - top reformer in Contract enforcement Introduced case management: - 90% of all cases criminal, commercial and land transferred from paper to computer cases that had been dormant for years were uncovered and dropped. - All cases are monitored daily. - Time to enforce contracts dropped from 510 to 350 days. Introduced simplified rules for small claims Introduced mediation 12

13 Learn From Your Neighbors The hypothetical country SIDS Union is #2 globally Entry in Mauritius (#8) Licensing (construction) in St. Vincent and the Grenadines (#1) Employing workers in Marshall Islands (#1) Registering property in Palau (#14) Getting credit in Singapore (#7) Protecting investors in Trinidad and Tobago (#15) Paying taxes in Maldives (#1) Trade in Singapore (#1) Enforcing contracts in Singapore (#4) Closing a business in Jamaica (#22) Source: Doing Business database (using top performing SIDS countries for each indicator) 13

14 Doing Business website has many resources 14

2 Albania Algeria , Andorra

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