ICSI Post Membership Qualification Courses (E-Bulletin)

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1 ICSI Post Membership Qualification Courses (E-Bulletin) MAY PMQ Courses offered by the ICSI Contents 2. Timetable & Programme for June 2014 Examination of PMQ Course in Corporate Governance 3. Academic Updates i) Corporate Governance under the Companies Act 2013 and the Revised Clause 49 of the Equity Listing Agreement ii) Compromise Arrangement and Mergers Under New Companies Act Recent happenings in the world of Corporate Governance 5. Suggested Readings Website:

2 PMQ COURSES OFFERED BY THE INSTITUTE OF COMPANY SECRETARIES OF INDIA The Institute, as a part of building capacity of its members, offers Post Membership Qualification (PMQ) courses on new and emerging areas with the aim to provide application oriented knowledge to the members to enable them to render quality services in diversified areas. A brief description of these PMQ Courses offered by the Institute is as under: 1. PMQ COURSE IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Corporate governance now offers a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to the management and control of companies. Corporate professionals of today and tomorrow must imbibe in themselves the evolving principles of good corporate governance across the globe on a continual basis. Excellence can be bettered only through continuous study, research and academic and professional interaction of the highest quality in the theory and practice of good corporate governance. The corporate world looks upon especially Company Secretaries to provide the impetus, guidance and direction for achieving world-class corporate governance. Company Secretaries are the primary source of advice on the conduct of business for achieving this end. This can take into its fold everything from legal advice on conflicts of interest, through accounting advice, to the development of strategy and corporate planning. The Institute, a pioneer in corporate governance, offers Post Membership Qualification Course (PMQ) in Corporate Governance aims to enable the members to gain acumen, insight and thorough knowledge relating to various aspects of corporate governance. A candidate successfully completing the Post Membership Qualification Course in Corporate Governance shall be awarded a Diploma Certificate and shall be entitled to use the descriptive letters DCG (ICSI) to indicate that he/she has been awarded Post Membership Diploma in Corporate Governance. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 2

3 2. PMQ COURSE IN CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING AND INSOLVENCY Mergers, acquisition, takeovers, are the traditional and widely accepted business strategies during prosperity while re-construction and revival strategies are adopted in the times of distress. The restructuring and insolvency practice invariably go hand in hand as the revival process of bankrupt companies involves innovative restructuring process as well. The concept of insolvency practitioners is gaining prominence in India in the context of revival, rehabilitation and winding up of companies. Recognising this, the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) conducts Post Membership Qualification (PMQ) Course in Corporate Restructuring and Insolvency to build capacity of members in the area of legal, practical and application oriented aspects of corporate restructuring, rescue and insolvency and matters related thereto. The PMQ Course in Corporate Restructuring and Insolvency aims at capacity building of Professionals in the area of legal, practical and application oriented aspects of corporate restructuring, rescue and insolvency and matters related thereto. A candidate successfully completing the Post Membership Qualification Course in Corporate Restructuring and Insolvency shall be awarded a Diploma Certificate and shall be entitled to use the descriptive letters DCRI (ICSI) to indicate that he/she has been awarded Post Membership Qualification Course in Corporate Restructuring and Insolvency. For further details, please visit ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 3

4 SCHEDULE FOR JUNE 2014 EXAMINATION OF PMQ COURSE IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DATE AND DAY GROUP MORNING SESSION A.M. To Noon I Conceptual Framework of Corporate Governance Thursday I Corporate and Board Management Friday I Legal and Regulatory Framework of Corporate Governance Saturday Sunday NO EXAMINATION II Board Committees and Role of Professionals Monday Tuesday II Corporate Governance Codes and Practices For any enquiry, please contact Directorate of Academics at the Institute Head Quarters at Lodhi Road, New Delhi, , pmq@icsi.edu. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 4

5 ACADEMIC UPDATES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT 2013 AND THE REVISED CLAUSE 49 OF THE EQUITY LISTING AGREEMENT* The Companies Act, 2013 was enacted on August 30, 2013 which provides for a major overhaul in the Corporate Governance norms for all companies. The rules pertaining to Corporate Governance were notified on March 27, The requirements under the Companies Act, 2013 and the rules notified there under would be applicable for every company or a class of companies. The Companies Act 2013 envisages radical changes in the area of Corporate Governance and is set to have far-reaching implications. The new regime is expected to significantly change the manner in which corporates operate in India. It will have far reaching consequences on all companies incorporated in India. The new Act promises to substantively raise the bar on governance and thrusts greater responsibility and obligation on the Board of Directors and Management in Indian companies. To review the provisions of the Listing Agreement to align with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, adopt best practices on corporate governance and to make the corporate governance framework more effective, capital markets regulator, SEBI has came out with Corporate Governance in listed entities - Amendments to Clauses 35B and 49 of the Equity Listing Agreement vide its circular No. CIR/CFD/POLICY CELL /2/2014 dated April 17, The circular lays down the detailed corporate governance norms for listed companies, provides for stricter disclosures and protection of investor rights, including equitable treatment for minority and foreign shareholders. The full text of the revised Clause 49 of the Equity Listing Agreement is available at * Compiled by CS Nishita Singhal, AEO, ICSI ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 5

6 Applicability The revised Clause 49 would be applicable to all listed companies with effect from October 01, However, the provisions of Clause 49(VI)(C) as given in Part-B shall be applicable to top 100 listed companies by market capitalisation as at the end of the immediate previous financial year. The provisions of Clause 49(VII) as given in Part-B shall be applicable to all prospective transactions. All existing material related party contracts or arrangements as on the date of this circular which are likely to continue beyond March 31, 2015 shall be placed for approval of the shareholders in the first General Meeting subsequent to October 01, However, a company may choose to get such contracts approved by the shareholders even before October 01, For other listed entities which are not companies, but body corporate or are subject to regulations under other statutes (e.g. banks, financial institutions, insurance companies etc.), the Clause 49 will apply to the extent that it does not violate their respective statutes and guidelines or directives issued by the relevant regulatory authorities. The Clause 49 is not applicable to Mutual Funds. The highlights of Clause 49 are given below. Exclusion of nominee Director from the definition of Independent Director. At least one woman director on the Board of the company. Compulsory whistle blower mechanism. Expanded role of Audit Committee. Prohibition of stock options to Independent Directors. Separate meeting of Independent Directors. Constitution of Stakeholders Relationship Committee. Enhanced disclosure of remuneration policies. Performance evaluation of Independent Directors and the Board of Directors. Prior approval of Audit Committee for all material Related Party Transactions (RPTs) ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 6

7 Approval of all material RPTs by shareholders through special resolution with related parties abstaining from voting. Mandatory constitution of Nomination and Remuneration Committee. Chairman of the said committees shall be independent. The maximum number of Boards an independent director can serve on listed companies be restricted to 7 and 3 in case the person is serving as a whole time director in a listed company. To restrict the total tenure of an Independent Director to 2 terms of 5 years. However, if a person who has already served as an Independent Director for 5 years or more in a listed company as on the date on which the amendment to Listing Agreement becomes effective, he shall be eligible for appointment for one more term of 5 years only. The scope of the definition of RPT has been widened to include elements of Companies Act and Accounting Standards. A table showing provisions of new Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement corresponding to the new Companies Act 2013 is given below: S.No Particulars New Clause 49 of Listing Agreement 1 Separation of Clause 49(II) (B): Nominee Nominee director is excluded from Directors and the definition of Independent Independent Directors. Directors (IDs) 2 Modified defini tion of Independent Directors 3 Qualification of IDs Clause 49(II)(B): SEBI has amended the definition of Independent Director in align with the provisions of Companies Act The qualifications of IDs are not specified in the amended clause 49 of the listing agreement. Companies Act 2013 and Rules Section 149(6) An independent director in relation to a company, means a director other than a Managing Director or a Whole Time Director or a Nominee Director. Section 149(6) defines the term Independent Director. Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Rules, 2014: An independent director shall possess appropriate skills, experience and knowledge in one or more fields of finance, ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 7

8 4 Whistle - Blowing mechanism Clause49 (II)(F): The company shall establish a vigil mechanism for directors and employees to report concerns about unethical behaviour, actual or suspected fraud or violation of the company s code of conduct or ethics policy. This mechanism should also provide for adequate safeguards against victimization of director(s) / employee(s) who avail of the mechanism and also provide for direct access to the Chairman of the Audit Committee in exceptional cases. The details of establishment of such mechanism shall be disclosed by the company on its website and in the Board s report. law, management, sales, marketing, administration, research, corporate governance, technical operations or other disciplines related to the company s business. Section 177(9): Every listed company and other classes of companies to establish a Vigil mechanism for directors and employees to report genuine concern. It provide adequate safeguards against victimization of employees and directors who avail of the Vigil mechanism and also provide for direct access to the chairperson of the Audit committee or the director nominated to play the role of audit committee, as the case may be, in exceptional cases Once established, the existence of the mechanism may be appropriately communicated within the organization. The details of establishment of Vigil mechanism shall be disclosed by the company in the website, if any, and in the Board s Report. 5 Prohibited Sto ck options for IDs 6 Separate meeting of IDs Clause 49(II)(C): IDs shall not be entitled to any stock options. Clause49 (II)(B)(6): The IDs of the company shall hold at least one meeting in Section 197(7): IDs shall not be entitled to any stock option. Section 149 read with Schedule IV: IDs of the company shall hold at least one ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 8

9 a year, without the attendance of nonindependent directors and members of management. All the independent directors of the company shall strive to be present at such meeting. 7 Training of IDs Clause 49(II)(B): The company shall provide suitable training to independent directors to familiarize them with the company, their roles, rights, responsibilities in the company, nature of the industry in which the company operates, business model of the company, etc. The details of such training imparted shall be disclosed in the Annual Report 8 Liability of IDs Clause49(II)(E): An independent director shall be held liable, only in respect of such acts of omission or commission by a company which had occurred with his knowledge, attributable through Board processes, and with his consent or connivance or where he had not acted diligently with respect of the provisions contained in the Listing Agreement. 9 Stakeholders Relationship Committee Clause 49(VIII)(E): A committee under the Chairmanship of a non- meeting in a year, without the attendance of non-independent directors and members of management. All the independent directors of the company shall strive to be present at such meeting. The Companies Act 2013 did not specify any training of IDs and Board of Directors. Section 149(12): An independent director; a NED not being promoter or KMP, shall be held liable, only in respect of such acts of omission or commission by a company which had occurred with his knowledge, attributable through Board processes, and with his consent or connivance or where he had not acted diligently. Section- 178(5): The Board of Directors of a company which consists of more than one ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 9

10 10 Disclosure policy for Remuneration executive director and such other members as may be decided by the Board of the company shall be formed to specifically look into the redressal of grievances of shareholders, debenture holders and other security holders. This Committee shall be designated as Stakeholders Relationship Committee and shall consider and resolve the grievances of the security holders of the company including complaints related to transfer of shares, nonreceipt of balance sheet, non-receipt of declared dividends. Clause 49(VIII)(C): All pecuniary relationship or transactions of the nonexecutive directors vis-à-vis the company shall be disclosed in the Annual Report. In addition to the disclosures required under the Companies Act, 2013, the following disclosures on the remuneration of directors shall be made in the section on the corporate governance of the Annual Report: a) All elements of remuneration package of individual directors summarized under major groups, such as salary, benefits, bonuses, stock thousand shareholders, debenture-holders, depositholders and any other security holders at any time during a financial year shall constitute a Stakeholders Relationship Committee (SRC) consisting of a chair person who shall be a non-executive director and such other members as may be decided by the Board The SRC shall consider and resolve the grievances of security holders of the company. Sec.197(12) and Companies (Appointment and Remuneration of Managerial Personnel) Rules, 2014: Every listed company shall disclose in the Board s Report: a) the ratio of the remuneration of each director to the median remuneration of the employees of the company for the financial year; b) the percentage increase in remuneration of each director, C FO, CEO, CS or Manager, if any, in the financial year; c) the percentage increase in the median remuneration of employees in the financial year; d) the number of permanent ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 10

11 options, pension etc. b) Details of fixed component and performance linked incentives, along with the performance criteria. c) Service contracts, notice period, severance fees. d) Stock option details, if any and whether issued at a discount as well as the period over which accrued and over which exercisable. The company shall publish its criteria of making payments to non-executive directors in its annual report. Alternatively, this may be put up on the company s website and reference drawn thereto in the annual report. The company shall disclose the number of shares and convertible instruments held by non-executive directors in the annual report. Non-executive directors shall be required to disclose their shareholding (both own or held by / for other persons on a beneficial basis) in the listed company in which they are proposed to be appointed as directors, prior to their appointment. These details should be disclosed in the notice to the general meeting called for employees on the rolls of company; e) the explanation on the relationship between average increase in remuneration and company performance; f) comparison of the remuneration of the KMP against the performance of the company; g) variations in the market capitalisation of the company, price earnings ratio as at the closing date of the current financial year and previous financial year and percentage increase over decrease in the market quotations of the shares of the company in comparison to the rate at which the company came out with the last public offer in case of listed companies, and in case of unlisted companies, the variations in the net worth of the company as at the close of the current financial year and previous financial year; h) average percentile increase already made in the salaries of employees other than the managerial personnel in the last financial year and its comparison with the percentile increase in the managerial remuneration and justification thereof and point out if there are any exceptional circumstances for increase in the ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 11

12 11 Performance evaluation of IDs appointment of such director Clause 49(II)(B)(5): a) The Nomination Committee shall lay down the evaluation criteria for performance evaluation of independent directors. b) The company shall disclose the criteria for performance evaluation, as laid down by the Nomination Committee, in its Annual Report. c) The performance evaluation of independent directors shall be done by the entire Board of Directors (excluding the director being evaluated). d) d. On the basis of the report of performance evaluation, it shall be determined whether to extend or continue the term of appointment of managerial remuneration; i) the key parameters for any variable component of remuneration availed by the directors; j) the ratio of the remuneration of the highest paid director to that of the employees who are not directors but receive remuneration in excess of the highest paid director during the year; and k) affirmation that the remuneration is as per the remuneration policy of the company. Section 178(2) read with Schedule IV: a) The Nomination and Remuneration Committee shall identify persons who are qualified to become directors and who may be appointed in senior management in accordance with the criteria laid down, recommend to the Board their appointment and removal and shall carry out evaluation of every director s performance. b) The performance evaluation of independent directors shall be done by the entire Board of Directors, excluding the director being evaluated. c) On the basis of the report of performance evaluation, it shall be determined whether to extend or continue the term of ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 12

13 12 Related Party Transaction(RP T) the independent director appointment of the independent director. Clause 49 (VII) A RPT is a transfer of resources, services or obligations between a company and a related party, regardless of whether a price is charged. A related party is a person or entity that is related to the company. Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party, directly or indirectly, in making financial and/or operating decisions and includes the following: 1. A person or a close member of that person s family is related to a company if that person: a. is a related party under Section 2(76) of the Companies Act, 2013;or b. has control or joint control or significant influence over the company; or c. is a KMP of the company or of a parent of the company; or 2. An entity is related to a company if any of the following conditions applies: a. The entity is a related party under Section 2(76) of the Companies Act, 2013; or Section 2 (76) & 188 related party, with reference to a company, means a. a director or his relative b. a KMP or his relative; c. a firm, in which a director, manager or his relative is a partner; d. a private company in which a director or manager is a member or director; e. a public company in which a director or manager is a director or holds along with his relatives, more than 2% of its paid-up share capital; f. anybody corporate whose Board of Directors, managing director or manager is accustomed to act in accordance with the advice, directions or instructions of a director or manager; g. any person on whose advice, directions or instructions a director or manager is accustomed to act h. any company which is a holding, subsidiary or an associate company of such company; or a subsidiary of a holding company to which it is also a subsidiary Related party means a director or key managerial personnel of the holding ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 13

14 b. The entity and the company are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others); or c. One entity is an associate or joint venture of the other entity (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the other entity is a member); or d. Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party; or e. One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity; or f. The entity is a postemployment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the company or an entity related to the company. If the company is itself such a plan, the sponsoring employers are also related to the company; or g. The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (1). h. A person identified in (1)(b) has significant influence over the entity (or of a parent of the entity); or The company shall company or his relative with reference to a company, shall be deemed to be a related party. No company shall enter into any contract or arrangement with a related party, except with the consent of the Board of Directors given by a resolution at a meeting of the Board and subject to such conditions A company having a paid-up share capital of Rs.10 Crores or more shall not entered into a contract or arrangement, except with the prior approval of the company by a special resolution. A company shall not enter into any contract or arrangement with related party subject to conditions; sale, purchase or supply of any goods or materials directly or through appointment of agents exceeding25%. of the annual turnover selling or otherwise disposing of, or buying, property of any kind directly or through appointment of agents exceeding10% of Net Worth leasing of property of any kind exceeding10% of the net worth or exceeding 10% of turnover. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 14

15 formulate a policy on materiality of RPTs and also on dealing with RPTs. A transaction with a related party shall be considered material if the transaction / transactions to be entered into individually or taken together with previous transactions during a financial year; exceeds 5% of the annual turnover or 20% of the net worth of the company as per the last audited financial statements of the company. whichever is higher. All RPTs shall require prior approval of the Audit Committee. All material RPTs shall require approval of the shareholders through special resolution and the related parties shall abstain from voting on such resolutions availing or rendering of any services directly or through appointment of agents exceeding10% of Net Worth. appointment to any office or place of profit in the company, its subsidiary company or associate company at a monthly remuneration exceeding Rs.2,50,000/- remuneration for underwriting the subscription of any securities or derivatives thereof of the company exceeding 1% of the net worth. (Turnover or Net Worth shall be on the basis of the Audited Financial statements of the preceding Financial Year.) In case of wholly owned subsidiary, the special resolution passed by the holding company shall be sufficient for the purpose of entering into the transactions between wholly owned subsidiary and holding company. No member of the company shall vote on such special resolution, to approve any contract or arrangement which may be entered into by the company, if such member is a related party: ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 15

16 Where any director is interested in any contract or arrangement with a related party, such director shall not be present at the meeting during discussions on the subject matter of the resolution relating to such contract or arrangement. Every contract or arrangement entered into, shall be referred to in the Board s report to the shareholders along with the justification for entering into such contract or arrangement. Where any contract or arrangement is entered into by a director or any other employee, without obtaining the consent of the Board or approval by a special resolution in the general meeting and if it is not ratified by the Board or, as the case may be, by the shareholders at a meeting within three months from the date on which such contract or arrangement was entered into, such contract or arrangement shall be voidable at the option of the Board and if the contract or ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 16

17 13 Disclosure of RPTs 14 Disclosure of different Accounting standard 15 Constitution of Nomination & Remuneration Committee Clause 49(VIII)(A): Details of all material transactions with related parties shall be disclosed quarterly along with the compliance report on corporate governance. The company shall disclose the policy on dealing with RPTs on its website and also in the Annual Report. Clause 49(VIII)(B): Where in the preparation of financial statements, a treatment different from that prescribed in an Accounting Standard has been followed, the fact shall be disclosed in the financial statements, together with the management s explanation as to why it believes such alternative treatment is more representative of the true and fair view of the underlying business transaction in the Corporate Governance Report. Clause 49(IV): The company shall set up a nomination and remuneration committee arrangement is with a related party to any director, or is authorised by any other director, the directors concerned shall indemnify the company against any loss incurred by it. No such Provision. Section-129(5): Where the financial statements of a company do not comply with the accounting standards,the company shall disclose in its financial statements, the deviation from the accounting standards, the reasons for such deviation and the financial effects, if any, arising out of such deviation Section 178 and Companies (Meetings of Board and its Powers) Rules, 2014: The Nomination and Remuneration ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 17

18 which shall comprise at least 3 directors, all of whom shall be NEDs and at least ½ shall be independent. Chairman of the committee shall be an independent director. The role of the committee shall, inter-alia, include the following: Formulation of the criteria for determining qualifications, positive attributes and independence of a director and recommend to the Board a policy, relating to the remuneration of the directors, KMP and other employees; Formulation of criteria for evaluation of IDs and the Board; Devising a policy on Board diversity; Identifying persons who are qualified to become directors and who may be appointed in senior management in accordance with the criteria laid down, and recommend to the Board their appointment and removal. The company shall disclose the remuneration policy and the evaluation criteria in its Annual Report. The Chairman of the nomination and Committee is applicable to the following classes of Companies Every listed Company Every other Public company- Having Paid up capital of Rs.10crores or more; or Having turnover of Rs.100 Crores which have, in aggregate, outstanding loans or borrowings or debentures or deposits exceeding Rs.50 Crores. The paid up share capital or turnover or outstanding loans, or borrowings or debentures or deposits, as the case may be, as existing on the date of last audited Financial Statements shall be taken into account for the purposes of this rule. The above mentioned classes of companies shall constitute the Nomination and Remuneration Committee consisting of 3 or more NEDs out of which not less than one half shall be IDs. The chairperson of the company (whether executive or non-executive) may be appointed as a member of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee but shall not chair such Committee. The Nomination and Remuneration Committee shall- Identify persons who are qualified to become ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 18

19 remuneration committee could be present at the AGM, to answer the shareholders queries. However, it would be up to the Chairman to decide who should answer the queries directors and who may be appointed in senior management in accordance with the criteria laid down, Recommend to the Board their appointment and removal, Carry out evaluation of every director s performance. Formulate the criteria for determining qualificatio ns, positive attributes and independence of a director and Recommend to the Board a policy, relating to the remuneration for the directors, key managerial personnel and other employees. The Nomination and Remuneration Committee shall ensure that the level and composition of remuneration is reasonable and sufficient to attract, retain and motivate directors of the quality required to run the company successfully; relationship of remuneration to performance is clear and meets appropriate performance benchmarks; and remuneration to directors, KMPs and senior management ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 19

20 involves a balance between fixed and incentive pay reflecting short and long-term performance objectives appropriate to the working of the company and its goals 16 Appointment of one Woman Director Clause 49 (II)(A)- The Board of Directors of the company shall have an optimum combination of executive and non-executive directors with at least one woman director and not less than fifty percent of the Board of Directors comprising non-executive directors The policy shall be disclosed in the Board s report. Section 149(1) and Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Rules, 2014: every listed company; every other public company having - paid up share capital of Rs.100 Crores or more; or turnover of Rs.300 Crore or more shall appoint at least one woman director. A company shall comply with provisions within a period of six months from the date of its incorporation. 17 Max.No. of directorship of IDs. Clause 49 (II)(B)(3)A person shall not serve as an independent director in more than seven listed companies. Any intermittent vacancy of a woman director shall be filledup by the Board at the earliest but not later than immediate next Board meeting or three months from the date of such vacancy whichever is later. Section 165:A person shall hold not office as a director, including any alternate directorship in more than 20 companies. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 20

21 18 Max. tenure of IDs 19 Risk management Any person who is serving as a whole time director in any listed company shall serve as an independent director in not more than three listed companies. Clause 49(II)(B): An independent director shall hold office for a term up to five consecutive years on the Board of a company and shall be eligible for reappointment for another term of up to five consecutive years on passing of a special resolution by the company. A person who has already served as an independent director for five years or more in a company as on October 1, 2014 shall be eligible for appointment, on completion of his present term, for one more term of up to five years only. An independent director, who completes his above mentioned term shall be eligible for appointment as independent director in the company only after the expiration of three years of ceasing to be an independent director in the company. Clause 49 (VI):The company shall lay down procedures to inform Board members about the risk assessment and The max number of public companies in which a person can be appointed as a director shall not exceed 10. Section 149: An independent director shall hold office for a term up to five consecutive years on the Board of a company, but shall be eligible for reappointment on passing of a special resolution by the company and disclosure of such appointment in the Board s report. No independent director shall hold office for more than two consecutive terms, but such independent director shall be eligible for appointment after the expiration of three years of ceasing to become an independent director. Section 134(3): A statement indicating development and implementation of a risk management policy for the ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 21

22 minimization procedures The Board shall be responsible for framing, implementing and monitoring the risk management plan for the company. company including identification therein of elements of risk, if any, which in the opinion of the Board may threaten the existence of the company. 20 Succession planning 21 Filing of Casual Vacancy of IDs The company shall also constitute a Risk Management Committee. The Board shall define the roles and responsibilities of the Risk Management Committee and may delegate monitoring and reviewing of the risk management plan to the committee and such other functions as it may deem fit. Clause 49 (II)(D)(6):The Board of the company shall satisfy itself that plans are in place for orderly succession for appointments to the Board and to senior management. Clause 49 (II)(D): An independent director who resigns or is removed from the Board of the Company shall be replaced by a new independent director at the earliest but not later than the immediate next Board meeting or three months from the date of such vacancy, whichever is later. Where the company fulfils the requirement of independent directors in its Board even without filling the vacancy created by such There is no such provision. Schedule IV: An independent director who resigns or is removed from the Board of the company shall be replaced by a new independent director within a period of not more than one hundred and eighty days from the date of such resignation or removal, as the case may be. Where the company fulfils the requirement of independent directors in its Board even without filling the vacancy created by such resignation or removal, as the case may be, ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 22

23 22 Code of Conduct of BoD &Senior Management resignation or removal, as the case may be, the requirement of replacement by a new independent director shall not apply. Clause 49(II)(E): The Board shall lay down a code of conduct for all Board members and senior management of the company. The code of conduct shall be posted on the website of the company. All Board members and senior management personnel shall affirm compliance with the code on an annual basis. The Annual Report of the company shall contain a declaration to this effect signed by the CEO. The Code of Conduct shall suitably incorporate the duties of Independent Directors as laid down in the Companies Act, the requirement of replacement by a new independent director shall not apply. Section 149 & Part III of Schedule IV: The independent directors shall (1) undertake appropriate induction and regularly update and refresh their skills, knowledge and familiarity with the company; (2) seek appropriate clarification or amplification of information and, where necessary, take and follow appropriate professional advice and opinion of outside experts at the expense of the company; (3) strive to attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the Board committees of which he is a member; (4) participate constructively and actively in the committees of the Board in which they are chairpersons or members; (5) strive to attend the general meetings of the company; (6) where they have concerns about the running of the company or a proposed action, ensure that these are addressed by the Board and, to the extent that they are not resolved, insist that their concerns are recorded in the minutes of the Board meeting; (7) keep themselves well informed about the company and the external environment ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 23

24 23 Disclosure of Appointment of Director Clause 49(VIII)(G): The letter of appointment of the independent director along in which it operates; (8) not to unfairly obstruct the functioning of an otherwise proper Board or committee of the Board; (9) pay sufficient attention and ensure that adequate deliberations are held before approving related party transactions and assure themselves that the same are in the interest of the company; (10) ascertain and ensure that the company has an adequate and functional vigil mechanism and to ensure that the interests of a person who uses such mechanism are not prejudicially affected on account of such use; (11) report concerns about unethical behaviour, actual or suspected fraud or violation of the company s code of conduct or ethics policy; (12) acting within his authority, assist in protecting the legitimate interests of the company, shareholders and its employees; (13) not disclose confidential information, including commercial secrets, technologies, advertising and sales promotion plans, unpublished price sensitive information, unless such disclosure is expressly approved by the Board or required by law. A return containing the particulars of appointment of director or key managerial ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 24

25 24 Disclosure of Resignation of Director with the detailed profile shall be disclosed on the websites of the company and the Stock Exchanges not later than one working day from the date of such appointment Clause 49(VIII)(F): The company shall disclose the letter of resignation along with the detailed reasons of resignation provided by the director of the company on its website not later than one working day from the date of receipt of the letter of resignation. The company shall also forward a copy of the letter of resignation along with the detailed reasons of resignation to the stock exchanges not later than one working day from the date of receipt of resignation for dissemination through its website personnel and changes therein, shall be filed with the Registrar in Form DIR-12 along with such fee as may be provided in the Companies (Registration Offices and Fees) Rules, 2014 within thirty days of such appointment or change, as the case may be. Section 169: A director may resign from his office by giving a notice in writing to the company and the Board shall on receipt of such notice take note of the same and the company shall intimate the Registrar in such manner, within 30 days in form DIR-12 and shall also place the fact of such resignation in the report of directors laid in the immediately following general meeting by the company. Where a director resigns from his office, he shall within a period of thirty days from the date of resignation, forward to the Registrar a copy of his resignation along with reasons for the resignation in Form DIR-11 along with the fee as provided in the Companies (Registration Offices and Fees) Rules, ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 25

26 COMPROMISE ARRANGEMENT AND MERGERS UNDER NEW COMPANIES ACT 2013* INTRODUCTION Chapter XV (Section 230 to 240) of Companies Act, 2013(the Act) contains provisions on Compromises, Arrangements and Amalgamations, that covers compromise or arrangements, mergers and amalgamations, Corporate Debt Restructuring, demergers, fast track mergers for small companies/holding subsidiary companies, cross border mergers, takeovers, amalgamation of companies in public interest etc.,. The procedural aspects involved such as format of application to be made to National Company Law Tribunal (the Tribunal), form of notice and the procedural aspects involved with respect to the substantive law are covered under the Rules made under Chapter XV of the Act which are yet to be notified. The scheme of Chapter XV goes as follows. 1. Section deals with compromise or arrangements. 2. Section 232 deals with mergers and amalgamation including demergers. 3. Section 233 deals with amalgamation of small companies (also called fast track mergers) 4. Section 234 deals with amalgamation with foreign company (also called cross border mergers) 5. Section 235 deals acquisition of shares of dissenting shareholders. 6. Section 236 deals with purchase of minority shareholding. 7. Section 237 deals with power of central government to provide for amalgamation of companies in public interest. 8. Section 238 deals with registration of offer of schemes involving transfer of shares. 9. Section 239 deals with preservation of books and papers of amalgamated companies. 10. Section 240 deals with liability of officers in respect of offences committed prior to merger, amalgamation etc. * Compiled by CS Lakhsmi Arun, Deputy Director, Academics, ICSI. It may be noted that the provisions of Chapter XV, Chapter XIX and Chapter XX of the Companies Act 2013 and the draft rules made there under, dealing with Compromises, arrangements and amalgamations, Revival and rehabilitation of sick companies and winding up of companies respectively, are yet to be notified. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 26

27 COMPROMISE OR ARRANGEMENT WITH MEMBERRS OR CREDITORS (SECTION 231) When a compromise or arrangement is proposed (a) between a company and its creditors or any class of them; or (b) between a company and its members or any class of them, the Tribunal may, on the application of the (i) company or (ii) of any creditor or(iii) member of the company, or (iv) in the case of a company which is being wound up, of the liquidator, order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, or of the members or class of members, as the case may be, to be called, held and conducted in such manner as the Tribunal directs. The application to the tribunal to disclose by affidavit (a) all material facts relating to the company, such as the latest financial position of the company, the latest auditor s report on the accounts of the company and the pendency of any investigation or proceedings against the company; (b) (c) reduction of share capital of the company, if any, included in the compromise or arrangement; any scheme of corporate debt restructuring consented to by not less than seventyfive per cent. of the secured creditors in value, including (ii) a creditor s responsibility statement in the prescribed form; (iii) safeguards for the protection of other secured and unsecured creditors; (iv) report by the auditor that the fund requirements of the company after the corporate debt restructuring as approved shall conform to the liquidity test based upon the estimates provided to them by the Board; (v) where the company proposes to adopt the corporate debt restructuring guidelines specified by the Reserve Bank of India, a statement to that effect; and (vi) a valuation report in respect of the shares and the property and all assets, tangible and intangible, movable and immovable, of the company by a registered valuer. Notice of the meeting called in pursuant to the order of the tribunal shall be sent to all the creditors or class of creditors and to all the members or class of members and the debenture-holders of the company, individually at the address registered with the company which shall be accompanied by 1. a statement disclosing the details of the compromise or arrangement, 2. a copy of the valuation report, if any, and 3. explaining their effect on creditors, key managerial personnel, promoters and non-promoter members, and the debenture-holders and ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 27

28 4. the effect of the compromise or arrangement on any material interests of the directors of the company or the debenture trustees, and 5. such other matters as may be prescribed: Such notice and other documents shall also be placed on the website of the company, if any, and in case of a listed company, these documents shall be sent to the Securities and Exchange Board and stock exchange where the securities of the companies are listed, for placing on their website and shall also be published in newspapers in such manner as may be prescribed: When the notice for the meeting is also issued by way of an advertisement, it shall indicate the time within which copies of the compromise or arrangement shall be made available to the concerned persons free of charge from the registered office of the company. Procedural aspects relating to notice under Rule 15.3 Rule 15.3 states that the notice of the meeting pursuant to the order of the Tribunal to be given in Form No. 15.3, and shall be sent individually specifying therein, inter alia, including 1. details of the order of the Tribunal directing the calling, convening and conducting of the meeting; 2. details of the company, 3. if the scheme of compromise or arrangement relates to more than one company, the fact and details of any relationship subsisting between such companies including holding, subsidiary or of associate companies; 4. the date of the board meeting at which the scheme was approved by the Board of directors including the name of the directors voted in favor of the resolution, voted against the resolution and not voted/ participated on such resolution; 5. details of the scheme of compromise or arrangement including: i. parties involved in such compromise or arrangement; ii. in case of amalgamation or merger, appointed date, share exchange ratio and other consideration, if any; iii. valuation report including basis of valuation and fairness opinion of the registered valuer, if any; iv. details of capital/debt restructuring, if any; v. rationale for the compromise or arrangement; vi. benefits of the compromise or arrangement as perceived by the board of directors to the company, members, creditors and others; vii. amount due to other unsecured Creditors and the security available to the creditors thereon 6. disclosure of nature and extent of interest and effect of compromise or arrangement on such interest of: (a) key managerial personnel; (b) directors; (c) promoters; (d) non-promoter members; (e) depositors; (f) creditors; (g) debenture holders; (h) deposit and debenture trustee(s); (i) promoters, directors, and key managerial personnel of holding company, subsidiary and associate companies; (j) ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 28

29 employees of the company stating clearly that the changes, if any, in the terms and conditions of employment are not detrimental to the interest of the employees; 7. where there is no interest or there is no effect on such interest of any promoter, director or key managerial personnel, a statement to the effect that there is no interest or there is no effect of the scheme of compromise or arrangement on such interests of such persons; 8. investigation proceedings, if any, pending against the company or against any promoter, director or key managerial personnel of such company; 9. details of shareholding of directors, key managerial personnel and promoters of the company as on the date of making this statement and change in their shareholding in the last six months including the date on which and price at which change took place; 10. details of any No-objection(s), approvals or sanctions, if already received from the concerned authorities for the compromise or arrangement; 11. details of the availability of the following documents for obtaining extract from or for making copies of or for inspection by the members and creditors, namely: a. latest audited financial statements of the company including consolidated financial statements; b. copy of the order of Tribunal in pursuance of which the meeting is to be convened; c. copy of scheme of compromise or arrangement; d. contracts or agreements material to the compromise or arrangement; and e. such other information/documents as the Board/Management believes necessary and relevant for making decision for / against the scheme; 12. declaration to the effect that the scheme is in the best interests of the employees, creditors, debenture holders, members particularly non-promoter members and minority shareholders of the company, as detailed in the scheme. 13. Status of approval(s) of regulatory or any other authority(ies), required, if any in connection with compromise or arrangement,. 14. The notice shall provide for the information required under sub section (4) of section 230 of the Act. For the purposes of this rule, disclosure required to be made by a company shall be made in respect of all the companies which are the part of the compromise or arrangement. The notice shall be sent by the chairman appointed for the meeting, or, if the Tribunal so directs, by the company (or its liquidator), or any other person as the Tribunal may direct, by post, or any other mode as directed by the Tribunal to their last known addresses at least four weeks before the date fixed for the meeting. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 29

30 Rule 15.5 states that the notice of the meeting shall be advertised in such newspapers and in such manner as the Tribunal may direct, not less than fourteen clear days before the date fixed for the meeting. The advertisement shall be in Form No Notice to provide for voting by themselves or through proxy or through postal ballot Subsection (4) of section 230 states that a notice under sub-section (3) shall provide that the persons to whom the notice is sent may vote in the meeting either themselves or through proxies or by postal ballot to the adoption of the compromise or arrangement within one month from the date of receipt of such notice: Who can object to the scheme? Any objection to the compromise or arrangement shall be made only by persons holding not less than ten per cent. of the shareholding or having outstanding debt amounting to not less than five per cent of the total outstanding debt as per the latest audited financial statement. Rule 15.8 states that the consent or objections under sub-section (4) of section 230 may be conveyed in writing to the Chairperson of the meeting within a month from the date of the receipt of the notice. Notice to be sent to the regulators seeking their representations Section 230(5) states that a notice under sub-section (3) along with all the documents in such form as may be prescribed shall also be sent to the Central Government, the income-tax authorities, the Reserve Bank of India, the Securities and Exchange Board, the Registrar, the respective stock exchanges, the Official Liquidator, the Competition Commission of India established under sub-section (1) of section 7 of the Competition Act, 2002, if necessary, and such other sectoral regulators or authorities which are likely to be affected by the compromise or arrangement and shall require that representations, if any, to be made by them shall be made within a period of thirty days from the date of receipt of such notice, failing which, it shall be presumed that they have no representations to make on the proposals. Rule 15.4 of Chapter XV states that the notice to the regulators be made in form 15.4 Approval and sanction of the scheme Section 230(6) states that when at a meeting held in pursuance of sub-section (1), majority of persons representing three-fourths in value of the creditors, or class of creditors or members or class of members, as the case may be, voting in person or by proxy or by postal ballot, agree to any compromise or arrangement and if such compromise or arrangement is sanctioned by the Tribunal by an order, the same shall be binding on the company, all the creditors, or class of creditors or members or class of members, as the case may be, or, in case of a company being wound up, on the liquidator and the contributories of the company. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 30

31 15.9 states that the decisions of the meeting or meetings held in pursuance of the order of the Tribunal and the manner as prescribed in section 230 of the Act, on all resolutions shall be ascertained only by taking a poll while considering the representations of such authorities as per sub-section (5) thereof and the consents adopting the arrangement or compromise as received from the eligible persons states that the chairman of the meeting (or where there are separate meetings, the chairman of each meeting) shall, within the time fixed by the Tribunal, or where no time has been fixed, within seven days after the conclusion of the meeting, report the result thereof to the Tribunal. The report shall state accurately the number of creditors or class of creditors or the number of members or class of members, as the case may be, who were present and who voted at the meeting either in person or by proxy, their individual values and the way they voted. The report shall be in Form No Order of the tribunal sanctioning the scheme to provide for the Certain matters An order made by the Tribunal shall provide for all or any of the following matters, namely: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) where the compromise or arrangement provides for conversion of preference shares into equity shares, such preference shareholders shall be given an option to either obtain arrears of dividend in cash or accept equity shares equal to the value of the dividend payable; the protection of any class of creditors; if the compromise or arrangement results in the variation of the shareholders rights, it shall be given effect to under the provisions of section 48; if the compromise or arrangement is agreed to by the creditors under sub-section (6), any proceedings pending before the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction established under section 4 of the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 shall abate; such other matters including exit offer to dissenting shareholders, if any, as are in the opinion of the Tribunal necessary to effectively implement the terms of the compromise or arrangement: Compromise or arrangement is to be in conformity with the accounting standards No compromise or arrangement shall be sanctioned by the Tribunal unless a certificate by the company's auditor has been filed with the Tribunal to the effect that the accounting treatment, if any, proposed in the scheme of compromise or arrangement is in conformity with the accounting standards prescribed under section 133. Order of tribunal to be filed with the Registrar Section 230(8) states that the order of the Tribunal shall be filed with the Registrar by the company within a period of thirty days of the receipt of the order. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 31

32 Tribunal may dispense with calling of meeting of creditors Section 230(9) states that the Tribunal may dispense with calling of a meeting of creditor or class of creditors where such creditors or class of creditors, having at least ninety per cent value, agree and confirm, by way of affidavit, to the scheme of compromise or arrangement. Compromise in respect of buy back is to be in compliance with section 68 As per Section 230(10), no compromise or arrangement in respect of any buy-back of securities under this section shall be sanctioned by the Tribunal unless such buy-back is in accordance with the provisions of section 68. Compromise includes takeover Section 230(11) states that any compromise or arrangement may include takeover offer made in such manner as may be prescribed. In case of listed companies, takeover offer shall be as per the regulations framed by the Securities and Exchange Board. Power of the tribunal to enforce compromise or arrangement As per section 231(1) when the Tribunal makes an order under section 230 sanctioning a compromise or an arrangement in respect of a company, it (a) (b) shall have power to supervise the implementation of the compromise or arrangement; and may, at the time of making such order or at any time thereafter, give such directions in regard to any matter or make such modifications in the compromise or arrangement as it may consider necessary for the proper implementation of the compromise or arrangement. Sub-section (2) states that if the Tribunal is satisfied that the compromise or arrangement sanctioned under section 230 cannot be implemented satisfactorily with or without modifications, and the company is unable to pay its debts as per the scheme, it may make an order for winding up the company and such an order shall be deemed to be an order made under section 273. MERGER AND AMALGAMATION OF COMPANIES (SECTION 232) Tribunal s power to call meeting of creditors or members, with respect to merger or amalgamation of companies Section 232(1) states that when an application is made to the Tribunal under section 230 for the sanctioning of a compromise or an arrangement proposed between a company and any such persons as are mentioned in that section, and it is shown to the Tribunal (a) that the compromise or arrangement has been proposed for the purposes of, or in connection with, a scheme for the reconstruction of the company or companies involving merger or the amalgamation of any two or more companies; and ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 32

33 (b) that under the scheme, the whole or any part of the undertaking, property or liabilities of any company (hereinafter referred to as the transferor company) is required to be transferred to another company (hereinafter referred to as the transferee company), or is proposed to be divided among and transferred to two or more companies, the Tribunal may on such application, order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors or the members or class of members, as the case may be, to be called, held and conducted in such manner as the Tribunal may direct and the provisions of sub-sections (3) to (6) of section 230 shall apply mutatis mutandis. Circulation of documents for members/creditors meeting Section 232(2) states that when an order has been made by the Tribunal under subsection (1), merging companies or the companies in respect of which a division is proposed, shall also be required to circulate the following for the meeting so ordered by the Tribunal, namely: a) the draft of the proposed terms of the scheme drawn up and adopted by the directors of the merging company; b) confirmation that a copy of the draft scheme has been filed with the Registrar; c) a report adopted by the directors of the merging companies explaining effect of compromise on each class of shareholders, key managerial personnel, promotors and non-promoter shareholders laying out in particular the share exchange ratio, specifying any special valuation difficulties; d) the report of the expert with regard to valuation, if any; e) a supplementary accounting statement if the last annual accounts of any of the merging company relate to a financial year ending more than six months before the first meeting of the company summoned for the purposes of approving the scheme. Sanctioning of scheme by tribunal Section 232(3) states that the Tribunal, after satisfying itself that the procedure specified in sub-sections (1) and (2) has been complied with, may, by order, sanction the compromise or arrangement or by a subsequent order, make provision for the following matters, namely: a) the transfer to the transferee company of the whole or any part of the undertaking, property or liabilities of the transferor company from a date to be determined by the parties unless the Tribunal, for reasons to be recorded by it in writing, decides otherwise; b) the allotment or appropriation by the transferee company of any shares, debentures, policies or other like instruments in the company which, under the compromise or arrangement, are to be allotted or appropriated by that company to or for any person: ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 33

34 No transferee company can hold shares in its own name or under any trust A transferee company shall not, as a result of the compromise or arrangement, hold any shares in its own name or in the name of any trust whether on its behalf or on behalf of any of its subsidiary or associate companies and any such shares shall be cancelled or extinguished; c) the continuation by or against the transferee company of any legal proceedings pending by or against any transferor company on the date of transfer; d) dissolution, without winding-up, of any transferor company; e) the provision to be made for any persons who, within such time and in such manner as the Tribunal directs, dissent from the compromise or arrangement; f) where share capital is held by any non-resident shareholder under the foreign direct investment norms or guidelines specified by the Central Government or in accordance with any law for the time being in force, the allotment of shares of the transferee company to such shareholder shall be in the manner specified in the order; g) the transfer of the employees of the transferor company to the transferee company; h) when the transferor company is a listed company and the transferee company is an unlisted company, (A) the transferee company shall remain an unlisted company until it becomes a listed company; (B) if shareholders of the transferor company decide to opt out of the transferee company, provision shall be made for payment of the value of shares held by them and other benefits in accordance with a predetermined price formula or after a valuation is made, and the arrangements under this provision may be made by the Tribunal: The amount of payment or valuation under this clause for any share shall not be less than what has been specified by the Securities and Exchange Board under any regulations framed by it; i) where the transferor company is dissolved, the fee, if any, paid by the transferor company on its authorised capital shall be set-off against any fees payable by the transferee company on its authorised capital subsequent to the amalgamation; and j) such incidental, consequential and supplemental matters as are deemed necessary to secure that the merger or amalgamation is fully and effectively carried out: Auditor s certificate as to conformity with accounting standard No compromise or arrangement shall be sanctioned by the Tribunal unless a certificate by the company s auditor has been filed with the Tribunal to the effect that the ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 34

35 accounting treatment, if any, proposed in the scheme of compromise or arrangement is in conformity with the accounting standards prescribed under section 133. Transfer of property or liabilities Sub-section (4) stares that an order under this section provides for the transfer of any property or liabilities, then, by virtue of the order, that property shall be transferred to the transferee company and the liabilities shall be transferred to and become the liabilities of the transferee company and any property may, if the order so directs, be freed from any charge which shall by virtue of the compromise or arrangement, cease to have effect. Certified copy of the order to be filed with the registrar Section 232(5) states that every company in relation to which the order is made shall cause a certified copy of the order to be filed with the Registrar for registration within thirty days of the receipt of certified copy of the order. Effective date of the scheme Section 232(6) states that the scheme under this section shall clearly indicate an appointed date from which it shall be effective and the scheme shall be deemed to be effective from such date and not at a date subsequent to the appointed date. Annual statement certified by CA/CS/CWA to be filed with registrar every year until the completion of the scheme Section 232 (7) states that every company in relation to which the order is made shall, until the completion of the scheme, file a statement in such form and within such time as may be prescribed with the Registrar every year duly certified by a chartered accountant or a cost accountant or a company secretary in practice indicating whether the scheme is being complied with in accordance with the orders of the Tribunal or not. Punishment Section 232(8) states that if a transferor company or a transferee company contravenes the provisions of this section, the transferor company or the transferee company, as the case may be, shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees but which may extend to twenty-five lakh rupees and every officer of such transferor or transferee company who is in default, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees but which may extend to three lakh rupees, or with both. Compromise or arrangement includes `demerger Rule of the Rules made under Chapter XV states that For the purpose of Chapter XV of the Act, `demerger in relation to companies means transfer, pursuant to scheme of arrangement by a demerged company of its one or more undertakings to any resulting company in such a manner as provided in section 2(19AA) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, subject to fulfilling the conditions stipulated in section 2(19AA) of the Income Tax Act and ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 35

36 shares have been allotted by the resulting company to the share holders of the.demerged company against the transfer of assets and liabilities. (2)For the purpose of the compromise in the nature of demerger till the Accounting Standards is prescribed for the purpose of demerger, the Accounting Treatment shall be in accordance with the conditions stipulated in section 2(19AA) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and (i)in the books of the demerged company :- a) Assets and liabilities shall be transferred at the same value appearing in the books, without considering any revaluation or writing off of assets carried out during the preceding two financial years; and b) The difference between the value of assets and liabilities shall be credited to capital reserve or debited to good will. (ii)in the books of resulting company :- a) Assets and liabilities of demerged company transferred shall be recorded at the same value appearing in the books of the demerged company without considering any revaluation or writing off of assets carried out during the preceding two financial years; b) Shares issued shall be credited to the share capital account; and c) The excess or deficit, if any, remaining after recording the aforesaid entries shall be credited to capital reserve or debited to good will as the case may be. A certificate from a Chartered Accountant is to be submitted to the Tribunal to the effect that both demerged company and resulting company have complied with conditions as above and accounting treatment prescribed in this rule MERGER AND AMALGAMATION OF CERTAIN COMPANIIES - MERGERS Section 233 prescribes simplified procedure for Merger or amalgamation of two or more small companies or between a holding company and its wholly-owned subsidiary company or such other class or classes of companies as may be prescribed; As What is a holding company? FAST TRACK per Section 2(46) holding company, in relation to one or more other companies, means a company of which such companies are subsidiary companies; What is a small company? As per section 2(85) small company means a company, other than a public company, (i) paid-up share capital of which does not exceed fifty lakh rupees or such higher amount as may be prescribed which shall not be more than five crore rupees; or ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 36

37 (ii) turnover of which as per its last profit and loss account does not exceed two crore rupees or such higher amount as may be prescribed which shall not be more than twenty crore rupees: Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to (A) a holding company or a subsidiary company; (B) a company registered under section 8; or (C) a company or body corporate governed by any special Act; What is a subsidiary company? As per 2(87) subsidiary company or subsidiary, in relation to any other company (that is to say the holding company), means a company in which the holding company (i) (ii) controls the composition of the Board of Directors; or exercises or controls more than one-half of the total share capital either at its own or together with one or more of its subsidiary companies: Provided that such class or classes of holding companies as may be prescribed shall not have layers of subsidiaries beyond such numbers as may be prescribed. Explanation. For the purposes of this clause, (a) a company shall be deemed to be a subsidiary company of the holding company even if the control referred to in sub-clause (i) or sub-clause (ii) is of another subsidiary company of the holding company; (b) the composition of a company s Board of Directors shall be deemed to be controlled by another company if that other company by exercise of some power exercisable by it at its discretion can appoint or remove all or a majority of the directors; (c) the expression company includes any body corporate; (d) layer in relation to a holding company means its subsidiary or subsidiaries; Merger of small companies/holding and subsidiary companies Accordingly sub-section (1) of Section 233 states that notwithstanding the provisions of section 230 and section 232, a scheme of merger or amalgamation may be entered into between two or more small companies or between a holding company and its whollyowned subsidiary company or such other class or classes of companies as may be prescribed, subject to the following, namely: (a) a notice of the proposed scheme inviting objections or suggestions, if any, from the Registrar and Official Liquidators where registered office of the respective companies are situated or persons affected by the scheme within thirty days is issued by the transferor company or companies and the transferee company; (b) the objections and suggestions received are considered by the companies in their ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 37

38 respective general meetings and the scheme is approved by the respective members or class of members at a general meeting holding at least ninety per cent. of the total number of shares; (c) each of the companies involved in the merger files a declaration of solvency, in the prescribed form, with the Registrar of the place where the registered office of the company is situated; and (d) the scheme is approved by majority representing nine-tenths in value of the creditors or class of creditors of respective companies indicated in a meeting convened by the company by giving a notice of twenty-one days along with the scheme to its creditors for the purpose or otherwise approved in writing. Rule states as follows with respect to section 233(1) (1) For the purposes of sub-section (1) of section 233, a company shall be deemed to be "wholly owned subsidiary" only if hundred per cent of share capital is held by the holding company except the shares held by the nominee or nominees to ensure that the number of members of subsidiary company is not reduced below the statutory limit as provided in section 187. (2) For the purposes of clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 233, the declaration of solvency shall be filed by the each of the companies involved ina scheme of compromise or arrangement involving merger in Form No along with such fee as provided in Annexure B before convening the meeting of members and creditors for approval of the scheme. (3) For the purposes of clause (b) and (d) of sub-section (1) of section 233, the notice of the meeting to the members and creditors shall be accompanied by (a) a statement, as far as applicable, referred to in sub-section (3) of section 230; (b) the declaration of solvency made in pursuance of clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 233; (c) a copy of the scheme. Transferee Company to file a copy of scheme approved Section 233(2) states that the transferee company shall file a copy of the scheme so approved in the manner as may be prescribed, with the Central Government, Registrar and the Official Liquidator where the registered office of the company is situated. Rule 15.25(4) prescribes the following procedure as to section 233(2)(4) (f) For the purposes of sub-section (2) of section 233, the transferee company shall, within seven days after the conclusion of the meeting(s) of members or class of members or creditors or class of creditors, file in Form No a copy of the scheme as approved by the members and creditors, along with report of the result of each of the meetings with the Central Government, Registrar of Companies and ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 38

39 (g) (h) the Official Liquidator, of the place where the registered office of the company is situated. Copy of the scheme shall be filed with the Registrar of Companies along with the prescribed fee through the MCA e-filing system. Copy of the scheme shall be filed with the Central Government and Official Liquidator, by sending them through hand delivery or registered or speed post or through electronic filing system as may be approved by the Central Government. Central Government to issue confirmation order, where there are no objections or suggestions from registrar or official liquidator Section 233(3) states that on the receipt of the scheme, if the Registrar or the Official Liquidator has no objections or suggestions to the scheme, the Central Government shall register the same and issue a confirmation thereof to the companies. Rule 15.25(5) states as under with respect to section 233(3) When no objection or comment is received to the scheme from the Registrar and Official Liquidator or where even after the receipt of objections or comments of Registrar and Official Liquidator, the Central Government is of the opinion that the scheme is in the public interest or in the interest of creditors the Central Government shall issue in Form No , a confirmation order of such scheme of compromise, or arrangement. Objections if any by the registrar or official liquidator to be communicated to the central government Section 233(4) If the Registrar or Official Liquidator has any objections or suggestions, he may communicate the same in writing to the Central Government within a period of thirty days. If no such communication is made, it shall be presumed that he has no objection to the scheme. Application by Central Government to the Tribunal Section 233(5) states that if the Central Government after receiving the objections or suggestions or for any reason is of the opinion that such a scheme is not in public interest or in the interest of the creditors, it may file an application before the Tribunal within a period of sixty days of the receipt of the scheme under sub-section (2) stating its objections and requesting that the Tribunal may consider the scheme under section 232. Tribunal s Action to Central Government s application Section 233(6) states that on receipt of an application from the Central Government or from any person, if the Tribunal, for reasons to be recorded in writing, is of the opinion that the scheme should be considered as per the procedure laid down in section 232, the Tribunal may direct accordingly or it may confirm the scheme by passing such order as it deems fit: If the Central Government does not have any objection to the scheme or it does not file ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 39

40 any application under this section before the Tribunal, it shall be deemed that it has no objection to the scheme. Registrar having jurisdiction over transferee company has to be communicated Section 233(7) states that a copy of the order under sub-section (6) confirming the scheme shall be communicated to the Registrar having jurisdiction over the transferee company and the persons concerned and the Registrar shall register the scheme and issue a confirmation thereof to the companies and such confirmation shall be communicated to the Registrars where transferor company or companies were situated. As per Rule 15.25(7) states that for the purposes of sub-section (7) of section 233, the confirmation order of the scheme issued by the Central Government or tribunal, shall be filed in Form along with the prescribed fee, with registrars having jurisdiction over transferor and transferee companies respectively. Effect of registration of the scheme Section (8) states that the registration of the scheme under sub-section (3) or subsection (7) shall be deemed to have the effect of dissolution of the transferor company without process of winding-up. Section 233 (9) states that the registration of the scheme shall have the following effects, namely: (a) (b) (c) (d) transfer of property or liabilities of the transferor company to the transferee company so that the property becomes the property of the transferee company and the liabilities become the liabilities of the transferee company; the charges, if any, on the property of the transferor company shall be applicable and enforceable as if the charges were on the property of the transferee company; legal proceedings by or against the transferor company pending before any court of law shall be continued by or against the transferee company; and where the scheme provides for purchase of shares held by the dissenting shareholders or settlement of debt due to dissenting creditors, such amount, to the extent it is unpaid, shall become the liability of the transferee company. Transferee Company not to hold any share in its own name or trust and all such shares are to be cancelled or extinguished Section 233 (10) states that a transferee company shall not on merger or amalgamation, hold any shares in its own name or in the name of any trust either on its behalf or on behalf of any of its subsidiary or associate company and all such shares shall be cancelled or extinguished on the merger or amalgamation. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 40

41 Transferee Company to file an application with Registrar along with the scheme registered Section 233(11) The transferee company shall file an application with the Registrar along with the scheme registered, indicating the revised authorised capital and pay the prescribed fees due on revised capital. The fee, if any, paid by the transferor company on its authorised capital prior to its merger or amalgamation with the transferee company shall be set-off against the fees payable by the transferee company on its authorised capital enhanced by the merger or amalgamation. CROSS BORDER MERGERS Merger or amalgamation of a Company with a foreign company Section 234(2) Subject to the provisions of any other law for the time being in force, a foreign company, may with the prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India, merge into a company registered under this Act or vice versa and the terms and conditions of the scheme of merger may provide, among other things, for the payment of consideration to the shareholders of the merging company in cash, or in Depository Receipts, or partly in cash and partly in Depository Receipts, as the case may be, as per the scheme to be drawn up for the purpose. For the purposes of sub-section (2), the expression foreign company means any company or body corporate incorporated outside India whether having a place of business in India or not. Section 234. (1) states that the provisions of this Chapter unless otherwise provided under any other law for the time being in force, shall apply mutatis mutandis to schemes of mergers and amalgamations between companies registered under this Act and companies incorporated in the jurisdictions of such countries as may be notified from time to time by the Central Government. The Central Government may make rules, in consultation with the Reserve Bank of India, in connection with mergers and amalgamations provided under this section. PROVISIONS OF COMPANIES ACT 2013 RELATING TO MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS AT THE TIME OF COMPROMISE/ARRANGEMENT Section 235 of the Companies Act 2013 prescribes the manner of acquisition of shares of shareholders dissenting from the scheme or contract approved by the majority shareholders holding not less than nine tenth in value of the shares, whose transfer is involved. It includes notice to dissenting shareholders, application to dissenting shareholders to tribunal, deposit of consideration received by the transferor company in a separate bank account etc., Further Section 236 prescribes the manner of notification by the acquirer(majority) to the company, offer to minority for burying their shares, deposit an amount equal to the value of shares to be acquired, valuation of shares by registered valuer etc., ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 41

42 Further section 230(7)(e) provides that the order made by the National Company Law Tribunal may provide for exit offer to dissenting shareholders, if any as are in the opinion of the tribunal necessary to effectively implement the terms of the compromise or arrangement. Section 232(3)(h)(B)provides exit route for the shareholders of unlisted transferor company. POWER OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO PROVIDE FOR AMALGAMATION OF COMPANIES IN PUBLIC INTEREST Power of Central Government to provide for amalgamation of Companies Section 237(1) states that when the Central Government is satisfied that it is essential in the public interest that two or more companies should amalgamate, the Central Government may, by order notified in the Official Gazette, provide for the amalgamation of those companies into a single company with such constitution, with such property, powers, rights, interests, authorities and privileges, and with such liabilities, duties and obligations, as may be specified in the order. Continuation of legal proceedings Section 237 (2) states that the order under sub-section (1) may also provide for the continuation by or against the transferee company of any legal proceedings pending by or against any transferor company and such consequential, incidental and supplemental provisions as may, in the opinion of the Central Government, be necessary to give effect to the amalgamation. Interest or rights of members, creditors, debenture holders not to be affected. As per Section 237(3), every member or creditor, including a debenture holder, of each of the transferor companies before the amalgamation shall have, as nearly as may be, the same interest in or rights against the transferee company as he had in the company of which he was originally a member or creditor, and in case the interest or rights of such member or creditor in or against the transferee company are less than his interest in or rights against the original company, he shall be entitled to compensation to that extent, which shall be assessed by such authority as may be prescribed and every such assessment shall be published in the Official Gazette, and the compensation so assessed shall be paid to the member or creditor concerned by the transferee company. Appeal to tribunal As per Section 237 (4) Any person aggrieved by any assessment of compensation made by the prescribed authority under sub-section (3) may, within a period of thirty days from the date of publication of such assessment in the Official Gazette, prefer an appeal to the Tribunal and thereupon the assessment of the compensation shall be made by the Tribunal. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 42

43 Conditions for order under Section 237 As per Section 237 (5) No order shall be made under this section unless (a) (b) (c) a copy of the proposed order has been sent in draft to each of the companies concerned; the time for preferring an appeal under sub-section (4) has expired, or where any such appeal has been preferred, the appeal has been finally disposed off; and the Central Government has considered, and made such modifications, if any, in the draft order as it may deem fit in the light of suggestions and objections which may be received by it from any such company within such period as the Central Government may fix in that behalf, not being less than two months from the date on which the copy aforesaid is received by that company, or from any class of shareholders therein, or from any creditors or any class of creditors thereof. Copies of order to be laid before each house of parliament As per Section 237 (6) the copies of every order made under this section shall, as soon as may be after it has been made, be laid before each House of Parliament. Registration of offer of schemes involving transfer of shares Section 238(1) states that in relation to every offer of a scheme or contract involving the transfer of shares or any class of shares in the transferor company to the transferee company under section 235, (a) every circular containing such offer and recommendation to the members of the transferor company by its directors to accept such offer shall be accompanied by such information and in such manner as may be prescribed; (b) every such offer shall contain a statement by or on behalf of the transferee company, disclosing the steps it has taken to ensure that necessary cash will be available; and (c) every such circular shall be presented to the Registrar for registration and no such circular shall be issued until it is so registered: Provided that the Registrar may refuse, for reasons to be recorded in writing, to register any such circular which does not contain the information required to be given under clause (a) or which sets out such information in a manner likely to give a false impression, and communicate such refusal to the parties within thirty days of the application. Section 238(2) states that an appeal shall lie to the Tribunal against an order of the Registrar refusing to register any circular under sub-section (1). Section 238(3) states that the director who issues a circular which has not been presented for registration and registered under clause (c) of sub-section (1), shall be ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 43

44 punishable with fine which shall not be less than twenty-five thousand rupees but which may extend to five lakh rupees. Preservation of books and papers of amalgamated company As per section 239, the books and papers of a company which has been amalgamated with, or whose shares have been acquired by, another company under this Chapter shall not be disposed of without the prior permission of the Central Government and before granting such permission, that Government may appoint a person to examine the books and papers or any of them for the purpose of ascertaining whether they contain any evidence of the commission of an offence in connection with the promotion or formation, or the management of the affairs, of the transferor company or its amalgamation or the acquisition of its shares. Liability of officers in respect of offences committed prior to amalgamation As per Section 240, notwithstanding anything in any other law for the time being in force, the liability in respect of offences committed under this Act by the officers in default, of the transferor company prior to its merger, amalgamation or acquisition shall continue after such merger, amalgamation or acquisition. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 44

45 RECENT UPDATES IN THE WORLD OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 1. Corporate Governance in Japan-A Revolution in the making Consequent to the accounting scandal in Olympus in , which is the country s biggest accounting scandal in decades; Japanese asset managers will this year sign up to a new stewardship code which will be introduced by the government of Shinzo Abe, the prime minister. Shareholders will be strongly encouraged to monitor firms closely, and speak up when needed. For detail news, please click here. 2. United Kingdom: FRC Proposes Revisions to the UK Corporate Governance Code In April 2014 the Financial Report Council (FRC) published its consultation document on the proposed revisions to the UK Corporate Governance Code (the Code). The consultation follows previous consultations in 2013 on directors' remuneration and risk management, internal control and the going concern basis of accounting. The consultation document sets out eight key proposals made by the FRC including the following proposals relating to directors' remuneration and risk management. The proposed changes to the UK Corporate Governance Code are that: greater emphasis be placed on ensuring that remuneration policies are designed with the long-term success of the company in mind, and that the lead responsibility for doing so rests with the remuneration committee; companies should put in place arrangements that will enable them to recover or withhold variable pay when appropriate to do so, and should consider appropriate vesting and holding periods for deferred remuneration; ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 45

46 companies should explain when publishing AGM results how they intend to engage with shareholders when a significant percentage of them have voted against any resolution; companies should state in their financial statements whether they consider it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting and identify any material uncertainties to their ability to continue to do so; companies should robustly assess their principal risks and explain how they are being managed and mitigated; companies should state whether they believe they will be able to continue in operation and meet their liabilities taking account of their current position and principal risks, and specify the period covered by this statement and why they consider it appropriate. It is expected that the period assessed will be significantly longer than 12 months; and companies should monitor their risk management and internal control systems and, at least annually, carry out a review of their effectiveness, and report on that review in the annual report. For detail news, please click here. 3. TWSE Launches a Corporate Governance Evaluation System as Incentive for Good Corporate Governance Taiwan Stock Exchange launched a Corporate Governance Evaluation System on March 31, The evaluation system follows the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (rights of shareholders, equitable treatment of shareholders, role of stakeholders, disclosure and transparency, and responsibilities of the board) with five corresponding sections and a total of 92 indicators. All TWSE listed companies will be evaluated in 2015 based on publicly available information, and the evaluation will be conducted annually. Companies which rank in the top 20 percent with the highest evaluation scores will be disclosed. For detail news, please click here. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 46

47 4. U.S. Steel General Counsel And Senior Vice President Suzanne Rich Folsom Named Leader Of The Year At The 2014 Women In Compliance Awards United States Steel Corporation (NYSE: X) announced on 24th March 2014, that Suzanne Rich Folsom, general counsel and senior vice president - governmental affairs, as the Leader of the Year at the 2014 Women in Compliance Awards in London. Folsom was honored for her body of work in corporate governance and compliance. For detail news, please click here. 5. PICG, IoD to introduce AC programme in Company Direction Pakistan Institute of Corporate Governance (PICG) has joined hands with the Institute of Directors (IoD) UK, to introduce the globally recognised 'Accelerated Certificate (AC) Programme' in Company Direction under Royal Charter in Pakistan. The Accelerated Certificate would present an opportunity to become part of an exclusive global network of463 Certificate and Diploma holders, across 34 countries and more than 2000 Certificate holders in the UK. For detail news, please click here. 6. NCC releases Code for Corporate Governance in Telecoms Industry The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), on Thursday in Lagos released the code of corporate governance for the Nigerian telecommunications industry. The need to develop a sector specific Corporate Governance Code for the Nigerian Telecommunication Industry was felt to address the peculiarities of the sector that are not typically dealt with under broadly-aimed codes. The provisions of the code ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 47

48 are based on international best practices sought to foster good corporate governance practices in the Nigerian telecommunications industry. For detail news, please click here. 7. CalPERS Proposes to Amend Global Principles The investment committee of CalPERS (California Public Employees' Retirement System) Board of Administration is scheduled to consider several amendments to CalPERS Global Principles of Accountable Corporate Governance. Among other changes, the committee will consider adding the following principle with respect to board tenure, board member responsibilities, CalPERS equity compensation principles etc. For detail news, please click here. ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 48

49 SUGGESTED READINGS 1) Corporate Social Responsibility: Provision in the Companies Act, 2013 Chartered Secretary May 2014 ( 2) Composition of Board of Indian Companies and its effect on Corporate Governance, Chartered Secretary April 2014 ( 3) Companies Act 2013 A big leap to punish and prevent fraud, Chartered Secretary, March 2014 ( 4) Inclusive model of Corporate Governance: The leitmotif of the Companies Act, 2013, Chartered Secretary Feb 2014 ( 5) Women in the boardroom: A global perspective ( vlet.contentdeliveryservlet/ineng/documents/home/women%20on%20boards% 20March% pdf) 6) Article by FCA Patricia Barker Corporate Governance - A Virgin Birth! ( a56e9) 7) The changing role of the company secretary - a focus on governance - Melissa Reid and Mary Shier ( Governance/Corporate-Governance-Articles/The-changing-role-of-the-companysecretary---focus-on-governance---Melissa-Reid-and-Mary-Shier/ ) 8) How social media has influenced corporate governance-is social media - an opportunity or a risk for businesses today? ( 9) Mergers and Acquisitions By Professor Alexander Roberts, Dr William Wallace, Dr Peter Moleshttps ( ) ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 49

50 Vision To be a global leader in promoting good corporate governance Mission To develop high calibre professionals facilitating good corporate governance For any views/suggestions/feedback please write to: Director (Academics) at sonia.baijal@icsi.edu or pmq@icsi.edu or contact ICSI Post Membership Qualification E-Bulletin May 2014 Page 50