The Effects of Non-Oil Exports Through Free Zones of Commercial - Industrial on the Employment

Transcription

1 The Effects of Non-Oil Exports Through Free Zones of Commercial - Industrial on the Employment (Case Study : Free Zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali) Shahram GilaniNia Department of Industrial Management, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran Mohammad Taleghani Department of Industrial Management, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran Pune Rafiasa M.A. of Business Management, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran Abstract (Corresponding Author) In world that motions of and cultural and political international is needy economy power of countries for survive in the competition arenas. Non-oil exports is considered as one of the important pillars of economic power stabilization for each community. In our country given the volatility and instability of prices lack of rely to the export of oil and its derivatives and exit from the economic monoculture is important and necessary. Non-oil exports due to alignment with increasing production especially useful products in addition to society economic recovery is effective strategy increased employment in Iran and developing countries. One of the practices that countries are doing for this purpose is establishment of free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali. The main strategy this zones is export promotion. In our country, as rest of the world free zones is formed on the basis of achieving to economic opportunities and benefits order to compensate for lost opportunities and based on export. One of these zones is free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali as the largest and most strategic port in the north of the country can play a major role in the development the region and country. The subject of this research is impact of non-oil exports through free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali. The present study in COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 345

2 terms of subject is type of description and in terms of purpose is applied type. This research included three hypotheses about the independent variables effects of non-oil exports (Exports of agricultural products, Export of carpet, and exports of mineral products) on the dependent variable of the Statistical population of research are managers and experts free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali, customs port of Anzali, and customs free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali to the Number 94 people. For sample selection was used sampling method of simple random. The sample size according to Morgan table determined 76. For statistical analysis of data and research hypotheses test is used inferential statistical techniques included Kolmogorov - Smirnov test, and for research hypotheses test method of t-test sample single. Test results showed that have been confirmed all the hypotheses. Also test results showed that exports of agricultural products, exports of carpet, and exports of mineral products through free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali can be cause increase employment in the region and Province. Keywords : Non-oil Exports, Employment, Free Zone of Commercial- Industrial Anzali Introduction Nowadays globalization as the process fluid addition development of communication is increasing interaction of cultural, economic and social (Bordo 2002). Economic globalization is means the growth of world trade in an open economy and growing and without international border. Such a growth in the international exchange not only includes trade in goods and services, rather encompasses exchange of currencies, capital mobility, labor migration, technology transfer and exchange of information broadly (Sharma 2003). To enter into the globalization is important competitive environment creation. In other words, create a competitive package, due to exports, and remove existing obstacles, and also followed it competitiveness power increase is the most important indicators globalization prepare and entrance to it. Attention to non-oil exports and its impact on employment can be considered important in the economic development of the country, because increase in non-oil exports means increased exporting production and made materials (Douglas 2002). Free Zones in recent decades have been the tools that countries through them have started this step in the global economy. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 346

3 Including newly established free zones in the country is Anzali free zone that can be significant impact on economic growth of this northern territory and consequently economic development in the country. (Baltag 2005) Problem Statement Creation of free trade zones the their main strategy are exports they are considered one of the tools of entry into international markets (Emilion 1997). The purpose of the development Free Zones, is increase and development of export, employment creation, attract domestic and foreign investment and technology transfer, increase public revenues, increase tourism, promotion of economic and benefit from competitive economy (Nouramin 2009). Free zone is an area in the territory of the state and it is located out of range physical, legal, administrative and facilities of customs. Entry and exit of capital and its profit and displacement of specialized labor in the area will be readily and foreign goods and materials that have not legal restrictions can be used without any customs and transit barriers maintenance in the warehouses. Types of free zones can be noted to free trade zone, Export Processing Zone, Special Economic Zone, Free Tourist Zone, and Free Companies Zone. (Gilaninia 2012) One of the problems of underdeveloped countries is issue of employment and explicit and tacit unemployment there is in level of communities. Therefore, one of the major motivations of developing countries in own free zones is creation employment and reducing un Respective countries with the argument that created industries in free zones (In particular industries) creates fields of creating many job opportunities. They are seek fix one of its structural problems namely un (Taleghani 2005) Previous Research 1. Economic justification for establishing a free trade zone in Kurdistan Meysam Mousaei & Jamal Aziziani Far 2008 To have concluded that Kurdistan according to its relative potential and advantages can plays considerable and effective role in development of country as one of the options for creating a free trade zone. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 347

4 2. Non-oil exports and Employment Jafar Harandi 2000 The results of this study confirms positive and significant relationship between non-oil exports and 3. Reviews type, quality and value economic of goods non-oil exports in East Azerbaijan Shahram Arefi 2009 The results show Azerbaijan in relation to non-oil exports is encountered with problems such as instability in export programs, lack of research facilities, and lack of importance to carpet problems. 4. The role of investment in Agricultural sector employment the use of VAR model Balali & Khalilian 2003 The results showed there is a convergence vector or a long-run equilibrium relationship and also there is a positive relationship between investment and Models of Research Figure 1 : Conceptual Model of Research COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 348

5 The Research Hypotheses The first hypothesis : Exports development of agricultural products through free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali be caused increase in The second hypothesis : Exports development of carpet and other flooring through free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali be caused increase in The third hypothesis : Exports development of mineral products through free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali be caused increase in Theoretical Research Free Zone of Commercial Industrial : It is a certain territory as usual is located within or adjacent to a port. In it free trade with the rest of the world is allowed and can products without payment of customs duties does into or out. (Azizi 2003) Exports of Agricultural Products : Agricultural sector is one of the important economic sectors an offers important contribution of GDP and employment to it-self. Agricultural exports allocated significant share of nonoil exports to it-self and it has the significant role in terms of currency converter and (Khalilian & Farhadi 2002) Exports of Carpet : Iran's Carpet influenced by the cultural and artistic features in the past centuries and decades always been introduced s one of leading commodities in Iran's non-oil export basket. So that over the years allocated to it-self the first and highest tier of currency in Iran's exports and about 7% of the country's total (Raf'ati 1990) Exports of Mineral Products : Mining and Mineral Industries is including all the raw and processing materials of steel, non-metallic building materials, and with nature of the mineral and among the set exporting and manufactured goods groups of country covers a significant proportion of the country's nonoil exports. (Zarafi 1996) Employment : Set of activities that in a certain period in contrast it be paid wage. In other words, employment is use of efficient expert force in specialized jobs and adapt them with professional position of organization for achieve organizational goals. (Dehghan 2001) COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 349

6 Research Methodology This research is based on the research design type of descriptive analytical and based on purpose is applied. Statistical population includes managers and employees in free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali, customs port of Anzali, and customs free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali. Using Morgan table were selected 76 people by cluster sampling. In this research methods of gathering data is questionnaire. Validated of Questionnaire In this research for calculation of the questionnaire reliability coefficients was used Cronbach alpha coefficient. Because, almost can be applied the Cronbach Alpha as appropriate indicator for internal credit and consistency (Khaki 2004). The results of the Cronbach alpha coefficient is as follows : Table 1 : Cronbach Alpha Coefficient Variable Cronbach Alpha Coefficient Exports of Agricultural Products Exports of Carpet Exports of Mineral Products Methods of data analysis Data analysis is in two methods, first descriptive statistics included Frequency tables and bar charts and also inferential statistics included tests such as Kolmogorov, Smirnov, and sne sample t-test by SPSS software. Test Results The first hypothesis : Exports development of agricultural products through free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali be caused increase in COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 350

7 Table 2 : One-Sample Statistic N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Impact of Exports of Agricultural Products on Employment Table 3 : One-Sample Test Test Value = 3 t df Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference %95 Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Impact of Exports of Agricultural Products on Employment According to the obtained results significance level is smaller than %5, so there is significant difference between the obtained mean (3/35) and population expected mean (3, Range of five option Likert). In other words, can be said exports of agricultural products be caused increase in The second hypothesis : Exports development of carpet and other flooring through free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali be caused increase in Table 4 : One-Sample Statistic N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Impact of Exports of Carpet on Employment COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 351

8 Table 5 : One-Sample Test Test Value = 3 t df Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference %95 Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Impact of Exports of Carpet on Employment According to the obtained results significance level is smaller than %5, so there is significant difference between the obtained mean (3/35) and population expected mean (3, Range of five option Likert). In other words, can be said exports of carpet be caused increase in The third hypothesis : Exports development of mineral products through free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali be caused increase in Table 6 : One-Sample Statistic N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Impact of Exports of Mineral Products on Employment Table 7 : One-Sample Test Test Value = 3 t df Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference %95 Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Impact of Exports of Mineral Products on Employment COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 352

9 According to the obtained results significance level is smaller than %5, so there is significant difference between the obtained mean (3/46) and population expected mean (3, Range of five option Likert). In other words, can be said exports of mineral products be caused increase in Conclusions Exports of agricultural products, exports of carpet, exports of mineral products have Sig. = and these amounts is less than %5, so there are significant difference between averages of exports of agricultural products equal to 3.35, exports of carpet equal to 3.35, and exports of mineral products equal to 3.35 with population expected mean equal to 3. Thus can say according to the results non-oil exports has affect on In fact all hypotheses were confirmed. Suggestions of Research 1. Anzali Free Zone should be using date technology and appropriate technical knowledge attempt to increase productivity in production and priority on production of products with high added value in agricultural products. 2. It is necessary the government have pay more attention to this industry and do fields of support industry by supply of high quality raw materials and education. 3. Updates to interior of carpet stores still carpets in the exhibitions are displayed method of the past few decades. 4. Close participation and cooperation with manufacturers and distributors of renowned European in order to improve the quality and quantity of products and guaranteed export markets. Suggestions for Future Research 1. Affecting factors on the attracting investment in Anzali free zone for complete the infrastructure and its impact on export growth. 2. Performance evaluation of Anzali Free Zone and its impact in development of Gilan economic. 3. Investigate the role of free zone of Commercial - Industrial Anzali in development of non-oil exports and intelligently import. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 353

10 Limitations of Research 1. The absence of a written record from activities beginning of Anzali free zone 2. Absence of experts in key positions 3. Problems related to the timing and distribution of the questionnaire and collect it 4. Lack of enough cooperation of people employed in study area especially in part of field visit 5. Lack of enough control on the independent variables and other factors that are effective on dependent variable (Employment) 6. Lack of statistical sources and their dispersion COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 354

11 References 1. Arefi, Shahram Reviews type, quality and value economic of goods non-oil exports in East Azerbaijan 2. Azizi, Firouzeh Adjustment comparison Politics of Iran trade and other manufacturers in carpet 3. Balali. Khalilian The role of investment in Agricultural sector employment the use of VAR model 4. Baltag, B.H.(2005), Economic Analysis of Panel Data. Wiley in blishers, United Kingdom. 5. Bordo, Michael. (2002),Alantylor and Jeffry Williams, Globalization Historical Perspective Chicago:University of Chicago Press. 6. Dehghan, Fathollah Role of employment in reducing migration of rural : Case Study Mashayekh Village, Mamasani City 7. Douglas A.Irwin,(2002), free trade under fire.princeton University press. 8. Emilion, Milian.(1997), FreeExport / Free Trade Zones, Golalek Gate University. 9. Gilaninia, Shahram Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of Employees on the Quality of service. Journal of basic and applied scientific research. Eighth Years. No. 2. Pages of Harandi, Jafar Non-oil exports and Employment 2. Khaki, Gholamreza Research Methods In Management. Publication Islamic Azad University. Second Edition 3. Khalilian, S. Farhadi, A Effective Factors on Iranian agricultural exports. Journal Agricultural Economics and Development. No Mousaei, Meysam. Aziziani, Jamal Economic justification for establishing a free trade zone in Kurdistan 5. Nouramin, Amir Saeid Bandar Anzali position In North South. Journal Payam Darya. No Raf'ati, Mohammad Reza Free zone of Commercial Industrial. Tehran. Institute for businesses Research and Studies. No Sharma.K. (2003), Factors determining India s export performance, Journal of Asian Economics, vol 14, pp: Taleghani, Gholamreza The role of IT In creating Tehran. Publication Tehran University COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 355

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