ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE. I: Acts Leading to War

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1 ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE I: Acts Leading to War

2 GROWING DIVIDE BETWEEN BRITAIN AND THE COLONIES Reasons: Geography: separated by 3000 miles of water Had been self-governing since settlement Moral and religious: the colonies experienced the Great Awakening, which changed the moral and spiritual tone; England did not

3 GROWING DIVIDE BETWEEN BRITAIN AND COLONIES French and Indian War: Colonists felt capable of self defense England s desire to seize wealth from the colonies to pay off war debts Colonial population began to diversify

4 POWER TO TAX (ALSO CALLED POWER OF THE PURSE ) The heart of many of the disputes between the colonists and the British: Who has the power to tax?

5 POWER TO TAX The Colonists: Believed that only their colonial legislatures had the power to levy and collect taxes Believed that the relationship with the mother country was based on mutual cooperation

6 POWER TO TAX The English: Advanced the theory that the English Parliament had the power to levy and collect taxes Believed that the relationship with the colonies was based on coercion

7 PARLIAMENT ASSERTS ITS AUTHORITY 1763: Parliament established the Proclamation Line, which forbids colonial settlement west of the Appalachian and Allegheny Mountains Colonists ignore this and continue to move West

8 SUGAR ACT:1764 Parliament passes the Sugar Act in 1764 This is a tariff, or tax, on sugar, molasses, and coffee entering the colonies Purpose: for colonists to contribute to their defense

9 STAMP ACT: 1765 The first tax on goods internally produced in the colonies This tax required the purchase of a stamp on newspapers and legal documents

10 RESISTANCE TO STAMP ACT It was not the amount of the tax of the Stamp Act that provoked resistance (1 cent), but the principle The principle is that colonists could only be taxed with their consent, that is, by their own representative assemblies

11 SONS OF LIBERTY The name comes from a speech in the House of Commons by Col. Isaac Barre, that Britain s growing contempt for the rights of the colonists, caused the blood of these sons of liberty to recoil within them...

12 SONS OF LIBERTY Organized in opposition to the Stamp Act Prominent member of the Sons of Liberty included: Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, and Paul Revere

13 QUARTERING ACT: 1765 Required colonists to house British soldiers upon request This had previously been declared contrary to law in the Petition of Right in 1628 Made the British an occupying force in the colonies

14 OPPOSITION TO TYRANNICAL 1765: Patrick Henry presents resolutions to the VA House of Burgesses: Virginians possess all the rights of Englishmen To grant the right of taxation to any body other than the House of Burgesses is an act of tyranny ACTS

15 PATRICK HENRY WARNING TO GEORGE III Caesar had his Brutus, Charles I had his Cromwell, and George III... May profit by their example. If this be treason, make the most of it!

16 STAMP ACT CONGRESS: 1765 Representatives from nine colonies met in New York to denounce the Stamp Act and the usurpation of rights that it represented Andrew Oliver, Stamp Act official was hung in effigy, and his house was ransacked

17 TOWNSHEND ACTS: 1767 The Stamp Act was repealed in 1766 However, new taxes were levied by Parliament with the Townshend Act of 1767, providing for a direct tax on glass, paint, paper, and tea

18 TOWNSHEND ACTS: 1767 The act also weakened protections that the colonists traditionally had against unreasonable search and seizure, and other fundamental rights Confirmed that the purpose of these taxes was to strengthen and consolidate British authority in the colonies

19 COLONIAL RESPONSE The colonies respond to the Townshend Acts by Reiterating that the power to tax comes only from colonial assemblies Organizing boycotts of British goods (they refused to purchase the goods that fell under the Townshend Acts)

20 BOSTON MASSACRE: 1770 In 1768, 1000 British troops arrive (along with the British) fleet at Boston Tensions between the colonists and the British reached a boiling point from February 23 March 5 of 1770

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