Zambia National Governance Baseline Survey Report. Methodology and Main Findings (Workshop Presentation) October 26, 2004

Transcription

1 Zambia National Governance Baseline Survey Report Methodology and Main Findings (Workshop Presentation) October 26, 2004

2 Purpose and Main Objective Purpose: To evaluate public services and service providers Main Objective: To generate information that would be used by the citizens and government of Zambia.

3 Main Objective (cont.) The information described in the Report would be used to: Design and implement public sector reforms; Enhance good governance; Fight corruption; and Improve the quality of public services

4 Specific Objectives: To assess the quality and adequacy of public services; To assess the integrity of public service providers; To establish the extent of corruption among public officials; To evaluate current anti-corruption strategies;

5 Specific Objectives (Cont.) To identify key problems facing the public; To get the public s view of institutional reforms; and To identify weak and strong public institutions in terms of governance.

6 Methodology Source of Data and Survey Instrument The Report is based on primary data; Data collected from three field surveys conducted in all provinces of Zambia; Structured questionnaires used as data collection instruments.

7 Pre-Test Survey Pre-test survey conducted in rural and urban settings to ascertain: Structure and language of questions Duration of interviews Extent of cooperation from respondents Instrument revised in light of pre-test findings

8 Main Survey Three categories of respondents were interviewed: Households Public Officials Business Enterprises

9 Questionnaire details Different questionnaire were used for each category of respondents Most questions were close-ended Some questions repeated in all three types of questionnaires to facilitate comparison across respondents

10 Sample Distribution Total sample size: 3,000 Households: 1,500 Public Officials 1,000 Businesses 500

11 Household Survey Household Sample Distribution Heads of households targeted for interviews 50 SEAs - Standard Enumeration Areas - selected Households allocated to provinces, and rural/urban areas, on basis of sampleproportion-to-size method census population figures used to assign weights.

12 Household sample distribution Rural stratum: 870 Urban stratum: 630 Household sample selection: Households in selected SEAs listed Random sample drawn

13 Public officials sample 2000 GRZ Establishment Register and ZRA Staff List used as sampling frames Sample grouped in three categories: Policy makers Programme managers Support staff Sample allocated to headquarters, province, and district, using sample proportion to size procedure

14 Business sample Managers targeted for interview List of Businesses in SEAs selected for household interviews compiled from CSO Register of establishments Businesses on list stratified by International Standard Industrial Classification, and by size Sample randomly selected

15 Few Key Findings

16 Corruption: one of the most important challenges Key problems in Zambia (% of respondents reporting that these are very serious problems) High cost of living Safety concerns / crime Corruption in the public sector Infraestructure/Quality of roads 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Households Managers Public Officials

17 Types of corruption in Zambia public funds misappropriation (% of public officials reporting it is very frequent) percentage of users that were asked to pay a bribe while trying to obtain a public service purchasing of positions (% of public officials reporting it is very frequent) percentage of managers that were asked to pay a bribe while requesting licenses and permits percentage of users that were asked for a bribe to obtain public services 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% % of respondents who reported that type of corruption

18 Quality of Public Services Pensions Traffic Police Public health services Councils Police excluding traffic police Public education services Social Securiy Company Registration Telephone Electricity Postal Services Zambia National Commercial Bank Managers Households 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% % of respondents reporting high quality

19 Quality of public services across provinces (as reported by households) Western Postal Services Southern North-Western Northern Lusaka Luapula Eastern Copperbelt Central Western Southern Traffic Police North-Western Northern Lusaka Luapula Eastern Copperbelt Central 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% % of households reporting high quality

20 Quality of public services across provinces (as reported by managers) Public Health Services Zambia National Commercial Bank Western Southern North-Western Northern Lusaka Luapula Eastern Copperbelt Central Western Southern North-Western Northern Lusaka Luapula Eateren Copperbelt Central 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % of managers reporting high quality Note: No manager in the North-Western province reported high quality of public health services. The same is true for the Western province in the case of the Zambia National Commercial Bank

21 Honesty and institutions Traffic Police Police Road Traffic Commission Cabinet Ministry of Finance & Economic Planning (Budget Office) Immigration Department Zambia Electricity Supply Corportation (ZESCO) Zambia Telecommunications Company (ZAMTEL) NGO Post office Public news media Church/Religious body 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Hoseholds Business Public Officials % of repondents reporting the institution to be honest

22 Public Officials views on decision making Office of the President Cabinet Office Defence forces Ministry of Works and Supply Ministry of Finance and National Planning Censorship Board of Zambia Zambia Telecommunications Company (ZAMTEL) Traffic Police Ministry of Health Office of the President Public Service Management Division Magistrate Courts Ministry of Community Development and Social Services Judiciary Police Office of the President - Provinces Ministry of Agriculture, and Cooperatives Permanent Human Rights Commission National Housing Authority (NHA) Zambia Electricity Supply Corportation (ZESCO) Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources Ministry of Education Municipal government Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) Ministry of Mines and Minerals Development Ministry of Home Affairs National Assembly Ministry of Labour and Social Security ZAMPOST (Postal Sevices) High Courts 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100 % % of public officials reporting that an excessive number of administrative steps are required for carrying out procedures

23 Bribes are not exclusive for national enterprises Bribes for type of activity: Comparing domestic and foreign enterprises Update on fiscal situation Obtain contracts with state institutions Pursue legal proceedings in the judicial branch Public service procedure Request for licenses and permits 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Domestic Foreign % of managers reporting that bribes are very frequent

24 Corruption affects differently Urban and Rural areas (as reported by managers) % of managers reporting that bribes are very frequent To obtain licenses and permits To speed up legal proceedings in the judicial branch To obtain basic public services Rural Urban To update/revise tax status To obtain contracts with state institutions 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

25 Corruption affects differently Urban and Rural areas (as reported by households) % of households reporting that bribes are very frequent To obtain licenses and permits To speed up legal proceedings in the judicial branch Rural Urban To obtain basic public services To update/revise tax status 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

26 Practice of Purchasing Jobs, (as reported by public officials) Judiciary Off.of the President Public Service Management Division Municipal government Zambia Postal Services- ZAMPOST Zambia Telecommunications Company -ZAMTEL Traffic Police Min. of Mines and Minerals Development Min. of Works and Supply Min. of Education Min. of Health Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) Min. of Finance and National Planning 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% % of public officials reporting purchase of jobs is a very common practice among... superiors collegues at the same level subordinates

27 Frequency of bribes (as reported by households) Police excluding traffic police Traffic police National Registration office Judges/Courts officials Passport office Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA)- Customs Division Pensions Lands Department Councils Public health services ZRA Taxes Division Zambia Electricity Suplly Corporation-ZESCO Public education services Water and Sewerage Company Company Registration Zambia Telecommunications Company -ZAMTEL. Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA)- Vat Division 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Note: The frequency was calculated for those users who contacted the agency seeking attention

28 Frequency of bribes (as reported by managers) Traffic police Lands Department Police excluding traffic police Passport office National Registration office Judges/Courts officials Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA)- Customs Division Councils Public education services Pensions Public health services Zambia Electricity Suplly Corporation-ZESCO ZRA Taxes Division Company Registration Water and Sewerage Company Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA)- Vat Division Zambia Telecommunications Company -ZAMTEL. Tender Board Zambia Postal Services 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Note: The frequency was calculated for those users who contacted the agency seeking attention

29 Corruption increases inequality, 1 Bribes as % of household income Percentage of household income paid as bribes to obtain public services, by household income status (as reported by households) 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Whole country Low Middle High By household income Note: figures are calculated out of those users who contacted the agency, and they are weighted by income level

30 Corruption increases inequality, 2 Bribes as % of revenue Percentage of firms revenue paid as bribes to obtain public services, by firms size (as reported by firms) 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Whole country Small Medium Large By firms size Note: figures are calculated out of those firms who contacted the agency, and they are weighted by revenues

31 Corruption while doing business 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Country Average with the Government When doing business with the government, average % of the invoice that firms forfeit to receive its payment from the government (as reported by managers) Small Medium Large By size of firm Note: Figures are calculated for those managers reporting that their firm have made sales to the government over the last three years

32 Corruption imposes barriers to access basic social services Cost of corruption: discouraged users by service Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA)- Taxes Division Traffic Police Water & Sewerage Councils Public health services Police Excluding traffic Police National Registration Office 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Proportion of head households reporting that they decide to not conduct procedures with these institutions because they couldn t pay the unofficial costs

33 Justice is particularly affected by corruption Bribes to pursue Legal Proceedings public officials business households 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% % of respondents reporting that most times/always bribes are paid to pursue legal proceedings

34 Inaccessibility of the Justice System Utilization of Court System (as reported by households and managers) % of households/firms that felt the need to use the court system but decided not to 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Households Businesses

35 Undue Influence on the Judiciary percentage of households reporting that the Judiciary is... Manipulated by Economic Interests western southern north-western northern lusaka luapula eastern copperbelt central Dependent on Government western southern north-western northern lusaka luapula eastern copperbelt central 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

36 Performance of the Judiciary (as reported by managers) % of managers who agree that the Judicial sector in Zambia is... Independent of economic pressures Independent of the government Laws apply equally to the rich and the poor Deserves confidence Very fair Less corrupt than the government

37 Obstacles to using courts in Zambia (as reported by households and firms) 90% % of respondents agreeing that the obstacle is very important 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Too long the process Court decisions influenced by corruption Gratifications 0% Small Medium Large low income middle income high income Businesses Households

38 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Time Spent Dealing with the Bureaucracy Institution where firms spent more time dealing with bureaucracy Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) Zambia Electricity Supply Corportation (ZESCO) Councils Public Health Services Police % of firms reporting that the greatest amount of time was spent in this institution

39 Willingness to pay to eliminate corruption (as reported by managers) 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% Additional taxes that firms would be willing to pay to eliminate corruption 0% All Small Medium Large By size of firm

40 Public Officials support to public sector reforms Privatization of public services Reduction in governemtn worforce, if it allows an increase in salary and benefits for remaining government workers Regular declaration of assets of public officials Greater oversight of government functions by the general public and civil society Administrative decentralization of the state Establishing personnel management system where compensation and promotions are based on performance Establishing a living wage for public employees % of public officials who are.. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Against In favor