Gender Pay Gap in Top Jobs
|
|
- Cuthbert Randall
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Gender Pay Gap in Top Jobs
2 What is the ratio of women s to men s earnings on average in Canada?
3 What is the ratio of women s to men s earnings on average in Canada? Between , the gender wage gap narrowed by 9.6 percentage points or in relative terms, by 13% Source: Marie Drolet, 2010.
4 Does the gap vary across the distribution? Upper end: women earn 25% less than men == Glass Ceiling Lower end: women earn 18% less than men == Sticky Floors Source: Drolet, 2001.
5 Among MBAs, the gender pay gap grows with experience Source: Bertrand, Goldin and Katz, 2010.
6 Among MBAs, the gender pay gap grows with experience Source: Bertrand, Goldin and Katz, 2010.
7 Executive gap varies by industry
8 Dominic Barton: Key findings from our latest research on women executives Who is Dominic Barton? Dominic Barton is the global managing director of McKinsey. He is based in London and leads the firm s focus on the future of capitalism and the role business leadership can play in creating long-term social and economic value. Dominic Barton also wrote the following Honours Thesis at UBC An Examination of the Vulnerability of the International Financial System to Crisis Dominic Barton Look on YouTube for McKinsey Addressing Unconscious Bias
9 Executive gender gap remains, Catalyst report says Canadian companies making slow progress in promoting women CBC News Posted: Mar 3, :46 AM ET Growth in the number of women who advance to the executive ranks at Canada's largest companies has slowed to a crawl in the past two years, a major study has found. The percentage of women holding senior officer positions increased less than one percentage point over two years, from 16.9 per cent in 2008 to 17.7 per cent in Further, female senior officers held 6.2 per cent of top earner positions in 2010 up less than one percentage point from 5.6 per cent in In both years, a full 30 per cent of the largest companies in Canada did not have a single woman in their executive ranks.
10 Women hold 8.5 per cent of the highest-paid positions in Canada s top 100 listed companies, according a report by global executive search firm Rosenzweig & Company. That s almost double the 4.6 per cent recorded in 2006, the first year Rosenzweig studied women in executive positions, and up from 7.4 per cent in But in real terms, it represents 45 women in top jobs such as chief executive, chief financial officer or vice-president of a company, including eight female CEOs.
11 Top 10% Income Share Over the past 20 years, top incomes in the US have soared 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% Top 10% Pre-tax Income Share in the US, Source: Piketty and Saez, 2003 updated to Series based on pre-tax cash market income including realized capital gains and excluding government transfers.
12 Mostly among the top 1% 25% Decomposing Top 10% into 3 Groups, Share of total income for each group 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Top 1% (incomes above $392,000 in 2013) Top 5-1% (incomes between $165,500 and $392,000) Top 10-5% (incomes between $116,500 and $165,500) Source: Piketty and Saez, 2003 updated to Series based on pre-tax cash market income including
13 Average Income Real Top 1% Incomes Real Bottom 99% Incomes growth (or loss) Growth Growth Real Growth captured by top 1% p (1) (2) (3) (4) % 62.4% 7.3% 59% Clinton Expansion % 98.7% 20.3% 45% 2001 Recession % -30.8% -6.5% 57% Bush Expansion % 61.8% 6.8% 65% Great Recession % -36.3% -11.6% 49% Recovery % 34.7% 0.8% 91% Top tax increase % -14.9% 0.2% 106% Computations based on family market income including realized capital gains (before individual taxes). Incomes exclude government transfers (such as unemployment insurance and social security) and non-taxable fringe benefits. Incomes are deflated using the Consumer Price Index. Table 1. Real Income Growth by Groups Column (4) reports the fraction of total real family income growth (or loss) captured by the top 1%. For example, from 2002 to 2007, average real family incomes grew by 16.1% but 65% of that growth accrued to the top 1% while only 35% of that growth accrued to the bottom 99% of US families. Source: Piketty and Saez (2003), series updated to 2013.
14 Increases in top incomes in other countries too!
15 Source: Lemieux and Riddell (2014)
16 But not all countries!
17 Governance and Social Norms Under very tax rates (over 50%), boards may find that higher CEO compensation is not the most effective use of firm revenues Perhaps stronger governance could bring discipline to increases in top income, and have more compensation send lower down the hierarchy The average worker would likely benefit more than a higher salary than a meager tax relief Different countries/firms have different views on the appropriate CEO/average worker salary ratio from 67 to 1 in Japan, to 206 to 1 in Canada, to in the United States
18 Increases in salaries are an important part of the picture 12% 10% 8% US Top 0.1% Pre-Tax Income Share and Composition Capital Gains Capital Income Business Income Salaries 6% 4% 2% 0% Source: Piketty and Saez, 2003 updated to Series based on pre-tax cash market income including or excluding realized capital gains, and always excluding government
19 Source:
20 Quotas for corporate boards advance?
21 2014 Catalyst Census: Women Board Directors
22 2014 Catalyst Census: Women Board Directors
23 OSC proposes rules for women on boards, but stops short of quotas Barbara Shecter Financial Post January 16, :19 AM ET Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange will have to disclose how many women they have on their boards and in their executive ranks as well as set targets for the future, the Ontario Securities Commission said Thursday. But the proposals fall short of quotas, which some groups argued is the only way to ensure Canadian companies put more women on their boards. Under the proposals, which are subject to a 90-day comment period before being finalized, all companies listed on the TSX would have to disclose each year the number of women on their board and in executive positions, and their targets regarding the representation of women. They would also have to explain their corporate policies related to the issue, and disclose the board s or nominating committee s consideration of the representation of women in identifying and selecting directors. Our proposed amendments are intended to encourage more effective boards and better corporate decision making, which will benefit investors and the capital markets, said Howard Wetston, chair of the OSC. This is about helping TSX-listed issuers tap into a pool of talented and capable resources currently under-represented on today s boards and senior management.
24 OSC rebukes firms for lack of action on gender-diversity rules Janet McFarland Wednesday, Jun. 10, :23PM EDT Many companies have shown bare technical compliance with new gender-diversity reporting rules introduced this year and it is simply not good enough, Ontario Securities Commission chair Howard Wetston says. Mr. Wetston said on Wednesday that the OSC has begun reviewing proxy circulars filed this year to see how companies are responding to the rules requiring them to disclose details about their policies to bolster women in senior roles, or else explain why they do not have policies in place.
25 Do quotas for corporate boards help women advance?
26
27 Differences-in-Differences Before reform After reform Treated Control Step 1: Simple Difference Outcome (example): LFP (female labor force participation) Two groups: Treatment group (T) which faces a change and control group (C) which does not Simple Difference estimate: D = LFP T - LFP C (P 2 P 1 ) captures treatment effect, if in the absence of treatment, LFP equal across 2 groups Note: this assumption always holds when T and C status is randomly assigned. To test for this assumption, we can compare LFP before the treatment: DD BB = LLLLLL BB TT LLLLLL BB cc (P 1 S 1 )
28 Differences-in-Differences Treated Control Step 2: Difference-in-Difference (DD) If DD BB 0, we can estimate DD: DDDD = DD AA DD BB = [LLLLLL TT AA LLLLLL cc AA ] [LLLLLL TT BB LLLLLL cc BB ] where A = after reform, B = before reform DD= (P 1 S 1 ) (P 2 S 2 ) Under the parallel trend assumption (P 1 S 1 ) = (Q S 2 ) the treatment effect is DD=(P 2 Q) Before reform After reform
29 Differences-in-Differences DD is unbiased if the parallel trend assumption holds: absent the treatment, the difference across T and C would have stayed the same before and after
30 Differences-in-Differences DD can be estimated by OLS to control for additional covariates LLLLLL iiii = ββ 0 After + ββ 1 Treat+γAfter Treat+ββ xx XX iiii +εε iiii It is easy to show that γ = DDDD. The assumption of parallel trends is reflected in the model by the fact that ββ 0 is the same for the treatment and control group DD most convincing when groups are very similar to start with [closer to randomized experiment]
31 Differences-in-Differences Should always test DD using data from more periods and plot the two time series to check parallel trend assumption [e.g. Imbens et al.] Use alternative control groups [not as convincing as potential control groups are many] In principle, can create a DDD as the difference between actual DD and DD Placebo (DD between 2 control groups)
32 Event Study Abnormal Returns Event studies are extremely common in finance research projects! They represent an attempt to gauge the effect of an identifiable event on a financial variable, usually stock returns
33 Event Study Abnormal Returns Abnormal returns, denoted AR it are calculated by subtracting an expected return from the actual return: AR it = R it E(R it ) The expected returns can be calculated in numerous ways; the market model is a common way to construct expected returns It uses a regression of the return to stock i on a constant and the return to the market portfolio: R it = α i + β i R mt + u it The abnormal returns are computed as uu iitt = R it [ αα ii + ββ ii RR mmmm ] or AAAA iiii = R it EE[RR iitt XX ii ] where uu ii, R it are the abnormal, actual returns respectively and EE[RR iiii XX ii ] are the normal returns, conditioning on other X s The cumulative average return (CAR) between T 1 and T 2 are calculated by averaging across firms first and then cumulating over time: where
34 Event Study Abnormal Returns In DD context, one further approach is to set up a control portfolio of firms that have characteristics as close as possible to those of the event firm for example, matching on firm size, beta, industry, book-to-market ratio, etc. and then using the returns on this portfolio as the expected returns
Striking it Richer: The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States (Updated with 2009 and 2010 estimates)
Striking it Richer: The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States (Updated with 2009 and 2010 estimates) Emmanuel Saez March 2, 2012 What s new for recent years? Great Recession 2007-2009 During the
More informationStriking it Richer: The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States (Updated with 2017 preliminary estimates)
Striking it Richer: The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States (Updated with 2017 preliminary estimates) Emmanuel Saez, UC Berkeley October 13, 2018 What s new for recent years? 2016-2017: Robust
More informationResponsible Capitalism and Diversity
Excellence. Responsibility. Innovation. October 2015 Responsible Capitalism: Chapter 2 Responsible Capitalism and Diversity Two or three lines of copy goes in here. For professional investors only www.hermes-investment.com
More informationVolatility and Growth: Credit Constraints and the Composition of Investment
Volatility and Growth: Credit Constraints and the Composition of Investment Journal of Monetary Economics 57 (2010), p.246-265. Philippe Aghion Harvard and NBER George-Marios Angeletos MIT and NBER Abhijit
More informationForecasting Real Estate Prices
Forecasting Real Estate Prices Stefano Pastore Advanced Financial Econometrics III Winter/Spring 2018 Overview Peculiarities of Forecasting Real Estate Prices Real Estate Indices Serial Dependence in Real
More informationInégalité des hauts revenus et l écart salarial homme-femme
Conférence François-Albert-Angers, Congrès SCSE, le 11 mai 2017 Inégalité des hauts revenus et l écart salarial homme-femme Nicole Fortin Vancouver School of Economics 1 Conférence François-Albert-Angers,
More informationUnderstanding Differential Cycle Sensitivity for Loan Portfolios
Understanding Differential Cycle Sensitivity for Loan Portfolios James O Donnell jodonnell@westpac.com.au Context & Background At Westpac we have recently conducted a revision of our Probability of Default
More informationRe: Response to the OSC Staff Consultation Paper Disclosure Requirements Regarding Women on Boards and in Senior Management
400 Howard Street San Francisco, CA 94105 Tel 415.670.2000 www.blackrock.com The Secretary Ontario Securities Commission 20 Queen Street West 22nd Floor Toronto, Ontario M5H 3S8 Submitted via Email: comments@osc.gov.on.ca
More informationMatters to Consider for the 2018 Annual General Meeting and Proxy Season
Matters to Consider for the 2018 Annual General Meeting and Proxy Season This publication is a general overview of the subject matter and should not be relied upon as legal advice or legal opinion. 2018
More information2017 Gender Pay. 4 April 2018
2017 Gender Pay 4 April 2018 2017 Gender pay gap: Summary The statutory Gender Pay Gap Reporting analysis, which is provided in accordance with statutory reporting requirements, illustrates the gap between
More informationThe Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Abnormal Return: Mergers and Acquisitions Events
Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, Vol. 8, Issue 3 1 The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Abnormal Return: Mergers and Acquisitions Events Chuang-Min Chao* Department
More informationClosing Remarks by Maureen Jensen. Chair and Chief Executive Officer, Ontario Securities Commission. Shareholder Rights Conference
Closing Remarks by Maureen Jensen Chair and Chief Executive Officer, Ontario Securities Commission Shareholder Rights Conference University of Toronto Check against delivery Thank you for the lively and
More informationReal Median Family Income is Falling. Family incomes have stagnated since the mid-1980s. Income in 2012 ($51,017) is lower than in 1989 ($51,681).
U.S. Income 1 Real Median Family Income is Falling Family incomes have stagnated since the mid-1980s. Income in 2012 ($51,017) is lower than in 1989 ($51,681). 2 Labor Income Share Falls As Profits Rise
More informationUS monetary policy, fund flows, and capital restrictions
US monetary policy, fund flows, and capital restrictions Jason Wu (Federal Reserve Board)* HKIMR 15th Summer Workshop July 11, 2017 *The views expressed here are solely the responsibility of the discussant
More informationInvesting As We Age. Key Highlights. Innovative Research Group, Inc. September 26, Prepared for: Toronto Vancouver
Innovative Research Group, Inc. Toronto Vancouver www.innovativeresearch.ca Key Highlights Investing As We Age September 26, 2017 Prepared for: Investor Office Ontario Securities Commission 20 Queen Street
More informationCanadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Women in Leadership. Bond Framework
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Women in Leadership Bond Framework Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Women in Leadership Bond Framework 2.1. Use of Proceeds 2.2.
More informationHilary Hoynes UC Davis EC230. Taxes and the High Income Population
Hilary Hoynes UC Davis EC230 Taxes and the High Income Population New Tax Responsiveness Literature Started by Feldstein [JPE The Effect of MTR on Taxable Income: A Panel Study of 1986 TRA ]. Hugely important
More informationFACILITY ASSOCIATION 151 Yonge Street 18 th Floor Toronto Ontario M5C 2W7 Tel: (416) Fax: (416)
FACILITY ASSOCIATION 151 Yonge Street 18 th Floor Toronto Ontario M5C 2W7 Tel: (416) 863-1750 Fax: (416) 868-0894 E-mail: mail@facilityassociation.com TO: ATTENTION: MEMBERS OF THE FACILITY ASSOCIATION
More informationDate: September 28, 2015
CSA Multilateral Staff Notice 58-307 Staff Review of Women on Boards and in Executive Officer Positions Compliance with NI 58-101 Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices Date: September 28, 2015 Table
More informationTop Earnings Inequality and the Gender Pay Gap: Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom
AEA 2018 Meetings, Philadelphia, January 5 th 2018 Top Earnings Inequality and the Gender Pay Gap: Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom Nicole Fortin Vancouver School of Economics and Canadian Institute
More informationDRIVE CHANGE. SPDR SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF (SHE)
DRIVE CHANGE SPDR SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF (SHE) March 2018 Drive Change THE TIME IS NOW Despite women s increased participation in the business world 1 and the new focus on building inclusive workplaces,
More informationTop Incomes in Canada: Evidence from the Census* Thomas Lemieux, University of British Columbia. W. Craig Riddell, University of British Columbia
Top Incomes in Canada: Evidence from the Census* Thomas Lemieux, University of British Columbia W. Craig Riddell, University of British Columbia November 2014 ABSTRACT This paper looks at the evolution
More informationBefore lecture: Reflect for a moment
Before lecture: Reflect for a moment What is the ratio of female undergraduate economics majors today? How has this changed since 1990s? What is the gender wage ratio today? In 1960? What is the most important
More informationDB Quant Research Americas
Global Equities DB Quant Research Americas Execution Excellence Understanding Different Sources of Market Impact & Modeling Trading Cost In this note we present the structure and properties of the trading
More informationforward PERSPECTIVES The Next Chapter: Lower Returns and Higher Volatility Bruce Cooper, CFA TD Asset Management Ken Miner, CFA TD Asset Management
forward PERSPECTIVES The Next Chapter: Lower Returns and Higher Volatility Bruce Cooper, CFA TD Asset Management Ken Miner, CFA TD Asset Management December 2014 The Next Chapter: Lower Returns and Higher
More informationFinal Exam, section 2. Tuesday, December hour, 30 minutes
San Francisco State University Michael Bar ECON 312 Fall 2018 Final Exam, section 2 Tuesday, December 18 1 hour, 30 minutes Name: Instructions 1. This is closed book, closed notes exam. 2. You can use
More informationProgress. Economic Performance Under Presidents. Bill Clinton and George W. Bush
Progress REGRESS Economic Performance Under Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush Progress President Clinton took office at a time of large deficits and high unemployment. The country was headed in
More informationless than $10 an hour in Canada? Who earns 13% 24% Fact Sheet
Who earns less than $10 an hour in Canada? 13% 24% 13% Thirteen per cent of all jobs in Canada pay less than $8 an hour 7% of those jobs are held by employees aged 25 64. 24% Almost one-quarter (24%) of
More informationModelling Household Consumption: a long-term forecasting approach. Rossella Bardazzi University of Florence
Modelling Household Consumption: a long-term forecasting approach Rossella Bardazzi University of Florence A Multi-Sectoral Approach to model Household Consumption Cross-section Analysis (Income and Demographic
More informationANNEX 3. The ins and outs of the Baltic unemployment rates
ANNEX 3. The ins and outs of the Baltic unemployment rates Introduction 3 The unemployment rate in the Baltic States is volatile. During the last recession the trough-to-peak increase in the unemployment
More informationTests for the Difference Between Two Linear Regression Intercepts
Chapter 853 Tests for the Difference Between Two Linear Regression Intercepts Introduction Linear regression is a commonly used procedure in statistical analysis. One of the main objectives in linear regression
More informationThe Long Term Evolution of Female Human Capital
The Long Term Evolution of Female Human Capital Audra Bowlus and Chris Robinson University of Western Ontario Presentation at Craig Riddell s Festschrift UBC, September 2016 Introduction and Motivation
More informationWomen and the Economy 2010: 25 Years of Progress But Challenges Remain
Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR Federal Publications Key Workplace Documents 8-2010 Women and the Economy 2010: 25 Years of Progress But Challenges Remain U.S. Congress Joint Economic
More informationFACTS AND FIGURES As of December 31, 2016
P A R T I C I P A T I N G W H O L E L I F E I N S U R A N C E FACTS AND FIGURES As of December 31, 2016 Life s brighter under the sun Sun Life Financial YOUR CHOICE FOR PARTICIPATING WHOLE LIFE INSURANCE
More informationThe State of Working Florida 2011
The State of Working Florida 2011 Labor Day, September 5, 2011 By Emily Eisenhauer and Carlos A. Sanchez Contact: Emily Eisenhauer Center for Labor Research and Studies Florida International University
More informationBETTER TOGETHER. Introducing the SPDR SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF (SHE)
BETTER TOGETHER Introducing the SPDR SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF (SHE) TALK ABOUT IMPACT Over the past generation, women entering the workforce have had a powerful, positive effect on the American
More informationAppendices for The Glass Ceiling and The Paper Floor: Gender Differences Among Top Earners,
Appendices for The Glass Ceiling and The Paper Floor: Gender Differences Among Top Earners, 1981 2012 A Details of Decompositions In this appendix, we provide details of the methodology underlying the
More informationTail Risk and Size Anomaly in Bank Stock Returns
Tail Risk and Size Anomaly in Bank Stock Returns Heewoo Park and Tongsuk Kim * Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 2016 ABSTRACT We reexamine the size anomaly in U.S. bank stock returns
More informationLecture 4: Taxation and income distribution
Lecture 4: Taxation and income distribution Public Economics 336/337 University of Toronto Public Economics 336/337 (Toronto) Lecture 4: Income distribution 1 / 33 Introduction In recent years we have
More informationCanadians opinions on the impact of international trade agreements on the Canadian economy Nanos Trade Survey Summary
Canadians opinions on the impact of international trade agreements on the Canadian economy Nanos Trade Survey Summary submitted by Nanos to Nanos, February 2017 (Submission 2017-979) > A Impressions on
More informationDid the Social Assistance Take-up Rate Change After EI Reform for Job Separators?
Did the Social Assistance Take-up Rate Change After EI for Job Separators? HRDC November 2001 Executive Summary Changes under EI reform, including changes to eligibility and length of entitlement, raise
More information2 Constitution Act, 1982, Part 1, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Canadian Charter), Section 15(1) and (2).
north america 15 Canada Michelle Yetter, Associate Paul Hastings (Washington) In Canada, the issue of gender diversity on corporate boards has received increasing attention over the past decade from legislators,
More informationTop Incomes in Canada: Evidence from the Census
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 9037 Top Incomes in Canada: Evidence from the Census Thomas Lemieux W. Craig Riddell May 2015 Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor
More informationLabor Participation and Gender Inequality in Indonesia. Preliminary Draft DO NOT QUOTE
Labor Participation and Gender Inequality in Indonesia Preliminary Draft DO NOT QUOTE I. Introduction Income disparities between males and females have been identified as one major issue in the process
More informationImpressions of Canadians on US Election and presidential candidates. National survey released November 2016 Project NANOS SURVEY
Impressions of Canadians on US Election and presidential candidates National survey released November 2016 Project 2016-923 > A Canadians believe Clinton most qualified to be President but represents change
More informationChapter 5. Measuring a Nation s Production and Income. Macroeconomics: Principles, Applications, and Tools NINTH EDITION
Macroeconomics: Principles, Applications, and Tools NINTH EDITION Chapter 5 Measuring a Nation s Production and Income During the recent deep economic downturn, economists, business writers, and politicians
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF FISCAL POLICY ON EMERGING ECONOMIES. A TVP-VAR APPROACH
South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics 1 (2015) 75-84 THE EFFECTS OF FISCAL POLICY ON EMERGING ECONOMIES. A TVP-VAR APPROACH IOANA BOICIUC * Bucharest University of Economics, Romania Abstract This
More informationThe Minimum Wage, Turnover, and the Shape of the Wage Distribution
The Minimum Wage, Turnover, and the Shape of the Wage Distribution Pierre Brochu David A. Green Thomas Lemieux James Townsend January 6 2018 Introduction In recent years, the minimum policy has played
More informationWRITTEN PRELIMINARY Ph.D. EXAMINATION. Department of Applied Economics. January 28, Consumer Behavior and Household Economics.
WRITTEN PRELIMINARY Ph.D. EXAMINATION Department of Applied Economics January 28, 2016 Consumer Behavior and Household Economics Instructions Identify yourself by your code letter, not your name, on each
More informationAdrian Kubata University of Muenster, Germany
A Rxamination of the Associations betwn Earnings Innovations, Persistence of Expected Earnings, Price-to-Earnings Ratios, and Earnings Response Coefficients Adrian Kubata University of Muenster, Germany
More informationQuantifying Annual Affordability Risk of Major Defense Programs
Quantifying Annual Affordability Risk of Major Defense Programs or, How Much is this Re ally Going to Cost Me Ne xt Ye ar? David Tate Tom Coonce June 2018 Official acquisition baseline plans vs what actually
More informationExplaining Dualism in a Gender Perspective: Gender, Class and the Crisis
Explaining Dualism in a Gender Perspective: Gender, Class and the Crisis Marcella Corsi, Sapienza University of Rome marcella.corsi@uniroma1.it Abstract In the economic literature, several scholars have
More informationLabor force participation of the elderly in Japan
Labor force participation of the elderly in Japan Takashi Oshio, Institute for Economics Research, Hitotsubashi University Emiko Usui, Institute for Economics Research, Hitotsubashi University Satoshi
More informationThe Province of Prince Edward Island Employment Trends and Data Poverty Reduction Action Plan Backgrounder
The Province of Prince Edward Island Employment Trends and Data Poverty Reduction Action Plan Backgrounder 5/17/2018 www.princeedwardisland.ca/poverty-reduction $000's Poverty Reduction Action Plan Backgrounder:
More informationIntroduction to Taxes and Transfers: Income Distribution, Poverty, Taxes and Transfers. 131 Undergraduate Public Economics Emmanuel Saez UC Berkeley
Introduction to Taxes and Transfers: Income Distribution, Poverty, Taxes and Transfers 131 Undergraduate Public Economics Emmanuel Saez UC Berkeley 1 REMINDER: Two General Rules for Government Intervention
More informationIncome Inequality in France, : Evidence from Distributional National Accounts (DINA)
Income Inequality in France, 1900-2014: Evidence from Distributional National Accounts (DINA) Bertrand Garbinti 1, Jonathan Goupille-Lebret 2 and Thomas Piketty 2 1 Paris School of Economics, Crest, and
More informationCHAPTER 2. Hidden unemployment in Australia. William F. Mitchell
CHAPTER 2 Hidden unemployment in Australia William F. Mitchell 2.1 Introduction From the viewpoint of Okun s upgrading hypothesis, a cyclical rise in labour force participation (indicating that the discouraged
More informationSarah K. Burns James P. Ziliak. November 2013
Sarah K. Burns James P. Ziliak November 2013 Well known that policymakers face important tradeoffs between equity and efficiency in the design of the tax system The issue we address in this paper informs
More informationDiversity in Singapore s Boardrooms
Diversity in Singapore s Boardrooms Marleen Dieleman, Associate Director Centre for Governance, Institutions and Organizations Breakfast Briefing on Board Effectiveness, SGX Auditorium, January 12, 2012
More informationJournal Of Financial And Strategic Decisions Volume 10 Number 3 Fall 1997
Journal Of Financial And Strategic Decisions Volume 0 Number 3 Fall 997 EVENT RISK BOND COVENANTS AND SHAREHOLDER WEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM CONVERTIBLE BONDS Terrill R. Keasler *, Delbert C. Goff * and Steven
More informationPublic Opinion Monitor
The Public Opinion Monitor Reflecting the mood and attitudes of British people Signs of growing optimism over personal income as unemployment falls. The TNS-BMRB Public Opinion Monitor tracks public attitudes
More informationCSA Multilateral Staff Notice Report on Fourth Staff Review of Disclosure regarding Women on Boards and in Executive Officer Positions
CSA Multilateral Staff Notice 58-310 Report on Fourth Staff Review of Disclosure regarding Women on Boards and in Executive Officer Positions September 27, 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines key
More informationThe Hole in the Glass Ceiling Is Getting Bigger - The New Yorker
Save paper and follow @newyorker on Twitter JOHN CASSIDY OCTOBER 2, 2014 The Hole in the Glass Ceiling Is Getting Bigger BY JOHN CASSIDY The Facebook executive Sheryl Sandberg. PHOTOGRAPH BY CHRIS RATCLIFFE/BLOOMBERG
More informationECON 361: Income Distributions and Problems of Inequality
ECON 361: Income Distributions and Problems of Inequality David Rosé Queen s University January 29, 2018 1/1 Last class... Taxes and Transfers The Tale of the Tails Today... Assignment 1 posted Inequality
More informationNATIONAL INSTRUMENT DISCLOSURE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES
This document is an unofficial consolidation of all amendments to National Instrument 58-101 Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices and its forms current to November 17, 2015. This document is for
More informationECON 222 Macroeconomic Theory I Fall Term 2012/13
ECON 222 Macroeconomic Theory I Fall Term 2012/13 Assignment 1 Due: Drop Box 2nd Floor Dunning Hall by October 1, 2012 2012 No late submissions ill be accepted No group submissions ill be accepted No Photocopy
More informationinstitution Top 10 to 20 undergraduate
Appendix Table A1 Who Responded to the Survey Dynamics of the Gender Gap for Young Professionals in the Financial and Corporate Sectors By Marianne Bertrand, Claudia Goldin, Lawrence F. Katz On-Line Appendix
More informationEqual pay for breadwinners
istockphoto/sjlocke Equal pay for breadwinners More men are jobless while women earn less for equal work Heather Boushey January 2009 www.americanprogress.org Equal pay for breadwinners More men are jobless
More informationEconomics 222 Exercise A due Thursday 27 September in class
Economics 222 Exercise A due Thursday 27 September in class 1. To answer this question, start by retrieving (from CANSIM) GDP at market prices for Ontario (D24082) and Québec (D24363) for 1996-1999. Next,
More informationDoes Raising Contribution Limits Lead to More Saving? Evidence from the Catch-up Limit Reform
Does Raising Contribution Limits Lead to More Saving? Evidence from the Catch-up Limit Reform Adam M. Lavecchia University of Toronto National Tax Association 107 th Annual Conference on Taxation Adam
More informationConvergences in Men s and Women s Life Patterns: Lifetime Work, Lifetime Earnings, and Human Capital Investment
Convergences in Men s and Women s Life Patterns: Lifetime Work, Lifetime Earnings, and Human Capital Investment Joyce Jacobsen, Melanie Khamis, and Mutlu Yuksel 2 nd Version Do not cite without permission:
More informationFinal Exam, section 1. Thursday, May hour, 30 minutes
San Francisco State University Michael Bar ECON 312 Spring 2018 Final Exam, section 1 Thursday, May 17 1 hour, 30 minutes Name: Instructions 1. This is closed book, closed notes exam. 2. You can use one
More informationGender Disparity in Faculty Salaries at Simon Fraser University
Gender Disparity in Faculty Salaries at Simon Fraser University Anke S. Kessler and Krishna Pendakur, Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University July 10, 2015 1. Introduction Gender pay equity in
More informationTaxable Income Elasticities. 131 Undergraduate Public Economics Emmanuel Saez UC Berkeley
Taxable Income Elasticities 131 Undergraduate Public Economics Emmanuel Saez UC Berkeley 1 TAXABLE INCOME ELASTICITIES Modern public finance literature focuses on taxable income elasticities instead of
More informationAn Improved Framework for Assessing the Risks Arising from Elevated Household Debt
51 An Improved Framework for Assessing the Risks Arising from Elevated Household Debt Umar Faruqui, Xuezhi Liu and Tom Roberts Introduction Since 2008, the Bank of Canada has used a microsimulation model
More informationOur broken salary system Bargaining Bulletin
Our current salary system is broken in several ways. Our broken salary system Bargaining Bulletin - 2014-12-13 (a) Our salaries are not longer comparable to sister institutions. There have been many bargaining
More informationChapter 02. Labor Supply. Multiple Choice Questions. 1. Who is not counted in the U.S. labor force?
Chapter 02 Labor Supply Multiple Choice Questions 1. Who is not counted in the U.S. labor force? A. A person working 15 hours a week or more not for pay. B. A fulltime college student. C. A person working
More informationMonitoring the Performance of the South African Labour Market
Monitoring the Performance of the South African Labour Market An overview of the South African labour market from 3 of 2010 to of 2011 September 2011 Contents Recent labour market trends... 2 A brief labour
More informationFemale labor force participation
Female labor force participation Heidi L. Williams MIT 14.662 Spring 2015 Williams (MIT 14.662) Female labor force participation Spring 2015 1 / 51 See The Boston Globe article "Mayor Walsh Pushes to Gather
More informationDespite Leadership Contest Tumult, Preference is for Ontario PC s (44%) to Govern, NDP (24%), Liberal Party (19%), Other (13%)
Despite Leadership Contest Tumult, Preference is for Ontario PC s (44%) to Govern, NDP (24%), Liberal Party (19%), Other (13%) Eight in 10 (81%) Ontarians believe it s time for another provincial party
More informationLabor Force Participation in New England vs. the United States, : Why Was the Regional Decline More Moderate?
No. 16-2 Labor Force Participation in New England vs. the United States, 2007 2015: Why Was the Regional Decline More Moderate? Mary A. Burke Abstract: This paper identifies the main forces that contributed
More informationWomen in Top Incomes: Evidence from Sweden
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 10979 Women in Top Incomes: Evidence from Sweden 1974 2013 Anne Boschini Kristin Gunnarsson Jesper Roine AUGUST 2017 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 10979 Women in
More informationLABOR SUPPLY RESPONSES TO TAXES AND TRANSFERS: PART I (BASIC APPROACHES) Henrik Jacobsen Kleven London School of Economics
LABOR SUPPLY RESPONSES TO TAXES AND TRANSFERS: PART I (BASIC APPROACHES) Henrik Jacobsen Kleven London School of Economics Lecture Notes for MSc Public Finance (EC426): Lent 2013 AGENDA Efficiency cost
More informationWhat is spatial transferability?
Improving the spatial transferability of travel demand forecasting models: An empirical assessment of the impact of incorporatingattitudeson model transferability 1 Divyakant Tahlyan, Parvathy Vinod Sheela,
More information0 1 2 C a n a d ian p e n 17th Edition e r S tu a r t B o a Ind e x Canadian Spencer Stuart Board Index
17th Edition Canadian Spencer Stuart Board Index Board Trends and Practices of Leading Canadian Companies 2012 contents About Spencer Stuart and the Canadian Board Index 2 Special Report Board Building
More informationChanging Levels or Changing Slopes? The Narrowing of the U.S. Gender Earnings Gap,
Changing Levels or Changing Slopes? The Narrowing of the U.S. Gender Earnings Gap, 1959-1999 Catherine Weinberger and Peter Kuhn Department of Economics University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara,
More informationGENDER INEQUALITY IN THE INDONESIAN LABOUR MARKET
GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE INDONESIAN LABOUR MARKET Lisa Cameron, University of Melbourne. 24 July 2018 OVERVIEW 1. Female labour market participation; 2. Gender wage gap; 3. Women s Labour Market Transitions.
More informationFIGURE I.1 / Per Capita Gross Domestic Product and Unemployment Rates. Year
FIGURE I.1 / Per Capita Gross Domestic Product and Unemployment Rates 40,000 12 Real GDP per Capita (Chained 2000 Dollars) 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 Real GDP per Capita Unemployment
More informationIncome tax cuts in 2018 Budget will largely benefit men
Income tax cuts in 2018 Budget will largely benefit men Men get twice the benefit from the income tax cuts compared to women while previous spending cuts have mainly disadvantaged women By Matt Grudnoff
More informationCanadians opinions on possible key priorities for the federal budget National survey released February 2016 Project NANOS SURVEY NANOS SURVEY
Canadians opinions on possible key priorities for the federal budget National survey released February 2016 Project 2016-798 Canadians want to see health care and infrastructure as priorities in upcoming
More informationPublic Employees as Politicians: Evidence from Close Elections
Public Employees as Politicians: Evidence from Close Elections Supporting information (For Online Publication Only) Ari Hyytinen University of Jyväskylä, School of Business and Economics (JSBE) Jaakko
More informationAXA UK. Gender pay gap report 2017
AXA UK Gender pay gap report 2017 At AXA, we re absolutely committed to becoming a truly inclusive place to work, where everyone can reach their true potential. We believe that not only is this the right
More informationOil Price Volatility and Asymmetric Leverage Effects
Oil Price Volatility and Asymmetric Leverage Effects Eunhee Lee and Doo Bong Han Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Department of Food and Resource Economics Korea University, Department
More informationCLOSE RACE WITH EVIDENCE OF A MODEST LIBERAL ADVANTAGE EMERGING
www.ekospolitics.ca CLOSE RACE WITH EVIDENCE OF A MODEST LIBERAL ADVANT EMERGING [OTTAWA June 11, 9] The medium-term trend continues to show a modest lead for the Liberals under the leadership of Michael
More informationIs Thailand s Labor Market Really Woman Friendly? Revisiting the Declining Gender Wage Gap
Is Thailand s Labor Market Really Woman Friendly? Revisiting the Declining Gender Wage Gap Asst. Prof. Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat (UTCC) Asst. Prof. Jessica Vechbanyongratana (Econ Chula) Asst. Prof.
More informationThe labour force participation rate of Ontario youth remains well-below its historical average.
February 1, 1 Ontario Records Strong Labour Market Performance in 17 The Ontario economy created 1, net new jobs in 17, the largest annual job gain since 3, while the unemployment rate dropped to. per
More informationOnline Appendix What Does Health Reform Mean for the Healthcare Industry? Evidence from the Massachusetts Special Senate Election.
Online Appendix What Does Health Reform Mean for the Healthcare Industry? Evidence from the Massachusetts Special Senate Election. BY MOHAMAD M. AL-ISSISS AND NOLAN H. MILLER Appendix A: Extended Event
More informationOnline Appendix from Bönke, Corneo and Lüthen Lifetime Earnings Inequality in Germany
Online Appendix from Bönke, Corneo and Lüthen Lifetime Earnings Inequality in Germany Contents Appendix I: Data... 2 I.1 Earnings concept... 2 I.2 Imputation of top-coded earnings... 5 I.3 Correction of
More informationFTSE 100 Corporate Values Analysis
FTSE 100 Corporate Values Analysis Executive Summary: An article entitled Hands up if you can say what your company s values are ran in the Financial Times on October 4, 2015. 1 This article concludes
More information