HOW DID THE GREAT DEPRESSION EFFECT AMERICA? SS8

Transcription

1 HOW DID THE GREAT DEPRESSION EFFECT AMERICA? SS8

2 WARM UP: Complete Your Stock market simulation Turn it in

3 WRAP UP OF ECONOMY (DO NOT WRITE THIS) War time production made the US s economy go BOOM Middle class created- they become consumers New inventions- home appliances Buying with CREDIT or in INSTALLMENTS (buy now, pay later or over time) Stocks- buying ON MARGIN (borrowing money from banks) Where do we go from here.

4 THE GREAT DEPRESSION BEGINS (DO NOT WRITE THIS) On October 23, 1929, the prices of stocks suddenly plunged and within hours investors lost more than $5 billion! Frantic people began to withdraw their savings from the bank and banks began to close. October 29,1929, became known as Black Tuesday By many, this day is considered the beginning of the Great Depression.

5 GREAT DEPRESSION KEY PEOPLE AND TERMS Herbert Hoover - 31 st president of the US Black Tuesday Stock market crash in Oct that triggered the Great Depression Great Depression characterized by great human suffering including unemployment, poverty, homelessness, and despair Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) 32 nd president of the US. New Deal set of programs meant to provide relief and end the Great Depression Dust Bowl area in the mid-west with dust-damaged farms in the early 1930 s

6 THE GREAT DEPRESSION Worst and longest economic collapse in American history, 1929 until the early 1940s Beginning in the United States, it spread to most of the world s industrial countries Effects of the Great Depression... Rapid declines in the production and sale of goods A severe rise in unemployment; At its peak, 1:4 of the nation s workforce was unemployed. Businesses and banks closed their doors Millions of people lost their jobs, homes, and savings Many depended on charity to survive.

7 WHAT WERE THE MAJOR CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION? eatdepressioncauses/ As you watch the video, jot down 10 things about the Great Depression

8 WARM UP Read The Great Depression and annotate it (HINT: It is on the back of yesterday s Market Crash reading)

9 PHOTO GALLERY ACTIVITY POSTER (group) Students will Be assigned a partner Examine their assigned photo Answer the questions about the photo Create a poster that shares their photo and expresses their thoughts Paste the photo on your poster Write a caption for your photo Creatively display your responses to your answers on your poster DO A GREAT JOB! This is going up on the wall for display. REFLECTION (individual) On a separate piece of paper respond to the following and turn in to Ms. Dunhem What did you learn about the Great Depression from examining the photographs? Of all these photographs, if you had to pick one person who was in the toughest situation, who would you choose and why? What do you think would have been the most challenging or frightening about living during the Great Depression and why?

10 WARM UP: BROTHER CAN YOU SPARE A DIME? What did you feel as you listened to the song? How would you describe the mood of the song? What is the message of the song? In what ways does the singer portray the situation many found themselves in during the Great Depression? How does the song address the American dream?

11 CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION ACTIVITY: You will be assigned a group Each group will be assigned a scene Groups are to practice their skit and create simple props You have 15 minutes to work! So use your time wisely! Groups will perform their skits for the class While watching the skits, answer the questions on the Boom to Bust Discussion questions sheet

12 SKIT EXPECTATIONS Performers Speak clearly Show enthusiasm, but not silliness Be prepared Audience Be respectful no heckling Listen

13 CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION: CONSUMER DEBT Many people who were willing to listen to the advertisers and purchase new products did not have enough money to do so. Credit was developed: buy now, pay later. This put off the day when consumers could no longer afford to buy all the products coming off assembly lines. That day came in 1929!

14 CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION: AMERICAN FARMING American farmers represented 25% of the economy were already in an economic depression during the 1920s After WW1, farmers found themselves competing in an oversupplied international market. Prices fell, and farmers were often unable to sell their products for a profit. Pres. Hoover vetoes all bills to help farmers

15 CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION: BUSINESSES CLOSED Since people had no money unsold inventories piled up in warehouses hundreds of factories and mills closed output of American manufacturing plants was cut in half between 1929 to 1932.

16 CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION: STOCK MARKET CRASH In the late 1920 s, wealthy Americans interests fueled rapid growth in the stock market prices of stocks were rising beyond the worth of the shares of the companies People paid inflated prices and believed they could soon sell their stocks at a profit. less affluent Americans believed they could get rich and began to buy into the stock market Investors bought millions of shares of stock on margin They bought stocks using credit in hopes of selling it at a profit the stock boom could not last in late October 1929 the market plummeted as investors began selling stocks. On October 29, Black Tuesday, the worst day of the panic, stocks lost $10 billion to $15 billion in value.

17 CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION: BANK FAILURE Banks are uninsured No gov. agencies monitor banks or the Stock Market Laissez Faire Presidents Laissez Faire = letting the market run its course (no government intervention) Many banks had made loans to businesses and people who now could not repay them Some banks also lost money investing in the stock market. When people went to withdraw their savings, the banks often did not have the money. By 1933, the banking system collapsed more than 5,000 banks failed, wiping out the savings of millions of people.

18 DUST BOWL Beginning in Arkansas in 1930 severe drought spread across the Great Plains Once-productive topsoil turned to dust The dust would blow around by strong winds and pile up Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado became known as the Dust Bowl, the drought destroyed the livelihood of thousands of farmers. many of these farmers migrated to California

19 CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION: UNEMPLOYMENT Unemployment soared more than 15 million Americans out of work Some remained unemployed for years those who had jobs faced wage cuts lack of available fulltime work

20 WARM UP: TEST YOUR HOBO SKILLS

21 HOOVERVILLES Homeless people built shacks and formed shantytowns Called Hoovervilles Many were bitter that President Herbert Hoover refused to provide government aid to the unemployed

22 CHILDREN OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION Many families could not pay their mortgage or buy food and clothes for their family. Many were homeless Many became nomads 20% of America's children were hungry and without proper clothing. Many schools had to close About 3 million children between the ages of 7 and 17 had to leave school and go to work.

23 CREATIVE WRITING Every person has a story to tell, be it one of happiness or hardship, wealth or poverty. Look closely at this image. What is she thinking and feeling? Notice the expression on her face...the creases that shape her forehead...what was going through her mind the moment this picture was snapped? Did she have fears? Worries? Hopes? Dreams? If so, what were they? Assume that you are able to read minds. Tell her story in this moment.

24 WARM UP Make 5-6 observations of the political cartoon What is going on in the cartoon? What is the message? How did people feel about FDR becoming the new president?

25 FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT (FDR) FDR became president in 1933 He gave Americans hope He was willing to make changes and try new ideas Immediate steps: 1. Bank holiday temporary shut down of banks 2. Promised only banks in good shape could reopen 3. Fireside chats radio talks where he explained his new policies Encouraged the public to trust banks again

26 FIRST NEW DEAL New Deal: FDR s program programs to fight the Depression Goals: The 3 Rs Relief for hunger and jobless Recovery agriculture and industry Reform change the way the economy worked

27 RESPONSES TO NEW DEAL Conservatives Argued the New Deal went too far Opposed growth of the government Concerns about how to pay for the programs Moving the country towards socialism Liberals New Deal did not go far enough Did not help elderly

28 2 ND NEW DEAL In 1935, Social Security Act provide security, in the form of old age pensions, disability payments & unemployment benefits Wagner Act protect labor rights form unions, collective bargaining Wages Working conditions

29 ACTIVITY Read and annotate The New Deal complete Get the Scoop and turn it in