Hong Kong, China. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018

Transcription

1 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific POPULATION a Total population as of 1 July (million) Population density b (persons/km 2 ) 6,200 6,240 6,260 6,240 6,280 6,310 6,350 6,400 6,440 6,450 6,500 6,540 6,620 6,640 6,680 6,740 6,780 6,830 Population (% annual change) Urban population (% of total population) LABOR FORCE c calendar year (million) Employed Agriculture, forestry, and fishing d Mining and quarrying d Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities e Construction Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles f Accommodation and food service activities g Transportation and storage h Information and communication Financial and insurance activities i Real estate activities Others e Unemployed Unemployment rate (%) Labor force (% annual change) Labor force participation rate (%) Male Female NATIONAL ACCOUNTS calendar year (HK$ billion) At Current Prices GDP by industrial origin j, k at current market prices 1,338 1,321 1,297 1,257 1,317 1,412 1,503 1,651 1,707 1,659 1,776 1,934 2,037 2,138 2,260 2,398 2,491 2,661 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities Construction Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles f Accommodation and food service activities g Transportation and storage h Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Professional, scientific, and technical activities l Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defense; compulsory social security m Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2 2 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018 Other service activities n Gross value added at basic prices 1,283 1,270 1,250 1,227 1,285 1,378 1,474 1,605 1,620 1,582 1,737 1,901 2,013 2,098 2,206 2,325 2, Taxes on products Statistical discrepancy Net primary income from abroad GNI 1,348 1,352 1,306 1,289 1,345 1,420 1,539 1,704 1,808 1,709 1,814 1,987 2,067 2,179 2,307 2,443 2,553 2,772 Structure of Output (% of GDP at current market prices) Agriculture o Industry p Services q Expenditure on GDP k at current market prices 1,338 1,321 1,297 1,257 1,317 1,412 1,503 1,651 1,707 1,659 1,776 1,934 2,037 2,138 2,260 2,398 2,491 2,661 Final consumption expenditure ,001 1,121 1,174 1,166 1,248 1,393 1,500 1,612 1,717 1,824 1,897 2,045 Household final consumption ,026 1,014 1,090 1,224 1,315 1,413 1,503 1,593 1,650 1,783 NPISHs final consumption Government final consumption Gross capital formation Gross fixed capital formation Public Private Changes in inventories Acquisitions less disposals of valuables r Exports of goods and services s 1,686 1,622 1,713 1,895 2,210 2,506 2,784 3,077 3,303 2,956 3,647 4,117 4,397 4,739 4,816 4,698 4,658 5,003 Exports of goods 1,440 1,379 1,452 1,631 1,892 2,137 2,361 2,574 2,758 2,454 3,021 3,407 3,633 3,926 3,987 3,889 3,893 4,191 Exports of services Less: Imports of goods and services s 1,627 1,560 1,608 1,780 2,095 2,333 2,616 2,901 3,129 2,825 3,543 4,043 4,374 4,726 4,811 4,641 4,601 4,978 Imports of goods 1,280 1,217 1,264 1,443 1,703 1,896 2,121 2,365 2,563 2,351 2,996 3,465 3,780 4,143 4,238 4,067 4,023 4,378 Imports of services Statistical discrepancy Structure of Demand (% of GDP at current market prices) Household final consumption r Government final consumption Gross capital formation Changes in inventories Exports of goods and services s Imports of goods and services s Statistical discrepancy At Chained Prices t GDP by industrial origin j, k at chained 2016 market prices 1,415 1,423 1,446 1,490 1,620 1,740 1,862 1,982 2,025 1,975 2,108 2,210 2,247 2,317 2,381 2,438 2,491 2,585 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities

3 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific Construction Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles f Accommodation and food service activities g Transportation and storage h Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Professional, scientific, and technical activities l Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defense; compulsory social security m Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment, and recreation Other service activities n Gross value added at basic prices Taxes on products Statistical discrepancy Net primary income from abroad GNI 1,562 1,603 1,626 1,667 1,735 1,810 1,931 2,090 2,159 2,061 2,136 2,238 2,233 2,323 2,385 2,474 2,553 2,696 Growth of Output (% annual change) GDP Agriculture o Industry p Services q Expenditure on GDP at chained 2016 market prices 1,415 1,423 1,446 1,490 1,620 1,740 1,862 1,982 2,025 1,975 2,108 2,210 2,247 2,317 2,381 2,438 2,491 2,585 Final consumption expenditure 1,089 1,111 1,106 1,096 1,164 1,194 1,258 1,358 1,384 1,390 1,470 1,583 1,647 1,719 1,776 1,857 1,897 1,997 Household final consumption ,014 1,075 1,168 1,191 1,193 1,266 1,372 1,428 1,494 1,544 1,618 1,650 1,741 NPISHs final consumption Government final consumption Gross capital formation Gross fixed capital formation Public Private Changes in inventories Acquisitions less disposals of valuables Exports of goods and services s 1,908 1,888 2,050 2,319 2,692 3,020 3,327 3,601 3,728 3,388 3,983 4,174 4,308 4,645 4,690 4,626 4,658 4,913 Exports of goods 1,633 1,604 1,738 1,997 2,309 2,596 2,861 3,058 3,157 2,802 3,307 3,460 3,574 3,868 3,900 3,833 3,893 4,123 Exports of services Less: Imports of goods and services s 1,940 1,921 2,056 2,291 2,621 2,865 3,149 3,434 3,546 3,261 3,856 4,072 4,244 4,596 4,643 4,561 4,601 4,892 Imports of goods 1,527 1,505 1,634 1,886 2,173 2,372 2,595 2,851 2,957 2,752 3,299 3,518 3,679 4,044 4,104 3,994 4,023 4,302 Imports of services Statistical discrepancy

4 4 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018 Growth of Demand (% annual change) Household final consumption u Government final consumption Gross capital formation Exports of goods and services s Imports of goods and services s Investment Financing at Current Prices Gross capital formation Gross national saving Gross domestic saving Net primary income from abroad Net current transfers from abroad v Savings and Investment (% of GDP at current market prices) Gross domestic saving Gross national saving Gross capital formation At Current Market Prices (HK$) Per capita GDP 200, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,996 Per capita GNI 202, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,977 PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages Agriculture; = Manufacturing w ; = ENERGY annual values Coal (t 000) Production Exports Imports 6,060 8,034 8,721 10,690 10,692 10,825 11,404 12,261 11,345 12,332 10,324 12,529 12,351 12,974 13,789 11,184 11,161 10,503 Consumption 6,059 8,034 8,718 10,677 10,692 10,825 11,404 12,261 11,345 12,332 10,324 12,529 12,351 12,974 13,789 11,184 11,161 10,503 Electricity (kwh million) Production 31,329 32,429 34,312 35,506 37,129 38,448 38,613 38,948 37,990 38,728 38,292 39,026 38,752 39,063 39,803 37,924 38,154 36,917 Exports 1,181 1,581 2,175 3,008 3,087 4,498 4,528 4,035 3,553 3,731 2,609 2,957 1,838 1,650 1,226 1,187 1,205 1,341 Imports 10,203 10,355 10,182 10,397 9,837 11,001 10,897 10,959 11,297 11,590 10,511 10,735 11,156 9,969 10,288 11,742 11,621 12,576 Consumption 36,299 37,261 38,087 38,454 39,223 40,048 40,334 40,853 40,929 41,491 41,863 42,064 43,031 42,556 43,880 43,912 44,028 43,779 Retail prices (HK$/L) Gasoline, unleaded Diesel

5 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific PRICE INDEXES period averages Consumer x ; October 2014 September 2015 = Food and nonalcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics Clothing and footwear Housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels Furnishings, household equipment, and routine household maintenance Health Transport Communication Recreation and culture Education Restaurants and hotels Miscellaneous goods and services Food y Nonfood z Producers w, aa ; = Implicit GDP deflator; 2014 = Price Indexes (% annual change) Consumer price index x Food price index y Nonfood price index z Producer price index Implicit GDP deflator MONEY AND BANKING as of end of period (HK$ billion) Money supply (M1) ab ,017 1,127 1,377 1,511 1,709 1,971 2,214 2,431 Currency in circulation Demand deposits (excluding government deposits) ,095 1,197 1,379 1,622 1,824 1,993 Quasi-money ab 3,406 3,292 3,223 3,400 3,682 3,944 4,563 5,490 5,622 5,700 6,119 6,930 7,573 8,546 9,303 9,647 10,294 11,324 Money supply (M2) 3,649 3,550 3,518 3,813 4,167 4,379 5,054 6,106 6,268 6,602 7,136 8,058 8,950 10,056 11,011 11,618 12,508 13,755 Money Supply (M2) (% annual change) M2 (% of GDP at current market prices) Deposit Money Banks Demand deposits ,095 1,197 1,379 1,622 1,824 1,993 Savings deposits ,278 1,432 1,144 1,359 1,629 1,945 2,699 2,913 2,905 3,392 3,696 3,965 4,495 4,939 5,330 Time deposits 2,643 2,359 2,147 1,961 2,071 2,607 3,025 3,751 3,606 2,951 3,132 3,784 3,789 4,259 4,695 4,603 4,927 5,387 Domestic credits outstanding 1,861 1,790 1,743 1,709 1,792 1,930 1,974 2,274 2,524 2,471 2,988 3,361 3,597 3,979 4,515 4,800 5,185 6,019 Interest Rates period averages (% per annum) On deposits Savings Time: 6 months months

6 6 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018 On loans and discounts Commercial bills GOVERNMENT FINANCE fiscal year beginning 1 April (HK$ million) Central Government ac Total revenue and grants 225, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,385 Total revenue ad 225, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,385 Current revenue 171, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,885 Taxes 129, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,979 Nontaxes 41,830 23,607 37,344 43,553 33,170 30,635 46,877 46,623 63,249 55,180 58,487 64,400 65,180 67,615 40,086 36,964 63,951 60,906 Capital receipts ae 53,740 24,154 24,153 32,727 50,193 42,487 53,594 82,151 35,077 55,582 76,681 98,302 97, ,054 84,734 68, , ,500 Grants Total expenditure and net lending 232, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,406 Total expenditure af 232, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,406 Current expenditure 186, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,870 Capital expenditure 46,207 40,147 38,867 44,232 45,329 40,609 32,890 30,081 54,405 54,658 62,067 67,591 74,382 95,829 79,866 88, , ,536 Net lending Current surplus/deficit -15,366-47,338-46,974-28,623-8,902 12,086 40,447 71,580 23,478 28,493 60,507 42,975 41,664 17,578 77,617 34,167 58,471 64,015 Capital account surplus/deficit 7,533-15,993-14,714-11,505 4,864 1,878 20,704 52,070-19, ,614 30,711 23,162 4,225 4,868-19,793 52,601 73,964 Overall budgetary surplus/deficit ag -7,833-63,331-61,688-40,128-4,038 13,964 61, ,650 4,150 29,417 75,121 73,686 64,826 21,803 82,485 14, , ,979 Government Finance (% of GDP at current market prices) Total revenue Taxes Total expenditure Overall budgetary surplus/deficit Expenditure by Function, Central Government Total ah 275, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,712 General public services 25,959 30,284 27,527 28,245 28,790 25,247 26,234 27,382 29,085 30,487 33,305 35,054 36,543 38,938 42,734 46,838 51,266 55,017 Defense ai Education 52,212 53,051 55,595 57,291 54,451 54,265 51,934 53,825 74,995 58,240 60,719 67,891 76,600 76,392 73,724 78,968 82,436 88,507 Health 32,720 34,182 33,169 34,201 32,199 31,616 32,127 33,623 36,706 38,387 39,890 45,297 59,572 67,602 57,508 70,424 66,474 71,234 Social security and welfare 27,727 29,616 31,820 33,333 33,285 33,262 33,540 34,868 39,248 40,418 40,519 43,346 45,894 55,352 58,091 64,893 68,151 70,850 Housing and community amenities 61,012 50,173 42,402 43,034 35,114 31,998 31,622 32,961 66,976 42,536 45,985 61,247 50,216 71,054 56,621 61,620 62,534 69,854 Economic services 49,237 44,803 48,880 52,631 53,813 50,352 44,289 41,850 55,961 67,282 67, ,285 97, ,715 96, , , ,202 Agriculture ,282 1,797 1,485 1,264 1,268 1,437 2,424 1,694 1,867 2,119 2,026 2,420 Industry 2,714 3,261 3,349 4,094 3,953 3,270 2,247 2,390 2,646 2,976 2,926 2,923 3,371 3,707 4,054 4,026 3,505 3,656 Electricity, gas, and water 13,240 13,161 12,968 12,398 12,689 12,156 12,123 12,682 17,872 21,824 18,550 20,989 22,308 23,775 21,735 19,892 19,366 19,555 Transport and communications 15,825 7,714 9,059 10,711 13,270 11,871 9,811 8,869 8,866 22,744 22,160 28,121 34,100 45,455 45,257 51,460 57,189 52,586 Other economic services 16,728 19,796 22,732 24,631 23,058 22,155 18,826 16,112 25,092 18,475 22,671 47,815 35,214 38,084 23,609 24,680 38,707 32,985 Others 26,743 27,554 27,068 26,616 25,541 24,792 25,122 27,985 27,994 29,843 32,577 31,522 33,937 35,293 38,906 43,108 43,162 46,048 Expenditure by Function (% of GDP) Education Health Social security and welfare

7 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific EXTERNAL TRADE calendar year (HK$ billion) Exports, fob 1,573 1,481 1,561 1,742 2,019 2,250 2,461 2,688 2,824 2,469 3,031 3,337 3,434 3,560 3,673 3,605 3,588 3,876 Imports, cif 1,658 1,568 1,619 1,806 2,111 2,329 2,600 2,868 3,025 2,692 3,365 3,765 3,912 4,061 4,219 4,046 4,008 4,357 Trade balance External Trade (% annual change) Exports Imports Direction of Trade Exports, total 202, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , China, People s Republic of 69,744 70,095 78,744 95, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , United States 47,084 42,413 42,878 41,780 43,964 46,505 47,874 47,316 46,290 36,897 42,821 42,646 43,799 42,786 44,150 42,141 41,800 42, Japan 11,195 11,250 10,745 12,088 13,813 15,258 15,495 15,343 15,556 14,066 16,484 17,378 18,576 17,451 16,988 15,076 15,055 16, India 1,297 1,202 1,444 1,906 2,097 2,805 2,958 4,467 6,705 6,751 9,587 12,032 9,952 10,745 12,148 15,419 15,042 21, Taipei,China 5,112 4,538 4,438 5,436 6,307 6,492 6,705 6,794 7,065 7,062 8,840 11,096 10,432 9,985 10,234 10,197 9,619 12, Germany 7,691 6,624 6,270 7,225 8,082 9,358 9,751 10,408 12,075 10,243 10,390 11,470 10,051 9,527 9,368 8,673 8,602 9, Viet Nam ,223 1,286 1,510 2,310 2,766 3,241 4,334 5,931 6,538 7,559 8,625 9,368 9,307 10, Singapore 4,717 3,793 4,053 4,589 5,596 5,986 6,226 6,471 7,116 5,453 6,578 7,227 7,222 7,561 7,731 9,396 7,910 11, Thailand 1,837 1,852 2,155 2,304 2,652 2,843 3,190 3,696 4,058 3,238 4,450 5,465 5,384 5,590 6,339 10,085 6,180 13, United Kingdom 8,096 7,106 6,960 7,377 8,460 8,914 9,482 9,604 9,691 7,702 7,826 7,542 7,114 6,972 7,007 11,205 6,460 9,336 Imports, total 213, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , China, People s Republic of 91,804 87,522 92, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Taipei,China 15,975 13,885 14,922 16,134 19,806 21,671 25,002 26,324 24,693 22,682 28,952 30,965 31,595 33,784 38,808 36,272 37,807 42, Japan 25,598 22,705 23,477 27,561 32,957 33,028 34,549 36,893 38,263 30,522 39,710 40,975 40,226 36,975 37,316 35,253 33,517 35, Singapore 9,643 9,364 9,717 11,647 14,263 17,412 21,226 25,005 25,044 22,562 30,574 32,741 31,769 31,824 33,733 34,575 35,460 37, United States 14,499 13,486 11,822 12,784 14,500 15,444 16,047 17,953 19,541 18,550 23,323 27,405 26,696 28,547 28,414 30,961 28,250 30, Korea, Republic of 10,391 9,130 9,771 11,238 12,927 13,272 15,424 15,338 15,176 13,310 17,215 19,278 19,811 20,496 22,675 22,601 25,746 32, Switzerland 2,362 2,623 2,912 2,967 3,484 3,681 3,625 4,573 6,002 5,333 6,722 10,171 10,145 9,963 10,244 18,741 18,472 15, Malaysia 4,865 5,044 5,098 5,741 6,684 7,353 7,775 8,060 8,502 8,783 10,913 11,439 10,791 11,308 13,182 12,133 11,685 14, India 2,760 2,296 2,499 3,182 3,778 4,593 4,743 6,132 7,477 6,794 9,258 11,138 10,574 11,276 12,418 11,022 11,978 13, Thailand 3,600 3,516 3,797 4,270 4,871 5,984 6,824 7,510 8,195 7,435 9,831 9,842 9,400 10,012 11,385 11,365 11,041 11,693 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS aj, ak calendar year ($ million) Current account balance 7,545 10,392 13,129 17,409 16,822 21,575 24,556 27,554 32,872 21,156 16,012 13,809 4,147 4,191 4,057 10,264 12,712 14,329 Balance on goods 20,485 20,782 24,176 24,215 24,228 31,068 30,858 26,861 25,029 13,288 3,292-7,482-18,912-27,921-32,359-22,870-16,705-24,016 Exports 184, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,578 Imports 164, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,594 Balance on services -12,919-12,836-10,607-9,529-9,498-8,873-9,264-4,266-2,703 3,562 10,143 17,045 21,886 29,580 32,958 30,263 24,056 26,700 Credit 31,578 31,179 33,511 33,864 40,783 47,381 54,442 64,453 69,905 64,670 80,540 91,306 98, , , ,356 98, ,972 Debit 44,497 44,016 44,119 43,393 50,281 56,254 63,705 68,719 72,608 61,108 70,398 74,261 76,617 75,197 73,965 74,093 74,481 77,272 Balance on primary income 1,380 3,905 1,076 4,136 3, ,571 6,766 12,910 6,419 4,840 6,788 3,796 5,224 6,010 5,725 8,063 14,211 Credit 54,817 48,352 41,911 43,715 52,674 65,628 84, , , , , , , , , , , ,703 Debit 53,437 44,447 40,835 39,580 49,082 64,679 80, , ,898 95, , , , , , , , ,491 Balance on secondary income -1,402-1,459-1,516-1,413-1,500-1,569-1,609-1,807-2,364-2,114-2,263-2,542-2,622-2,692-2,552-2,854-2,702-2,567 Credit ,043 1,135 1,245 1,345 1,648 Debit 1,940 2,064 2,293 1,942 2,125 2,512 2,569 2,745 2,975 2,583 2,835 3,424 3,527 3,734 3,687 4,099 4,047 4,215

8 8 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018 Capital account Credit Debit Financial account -4,970 4,079 17,340 18,234 19,299 21,142 18,550 25,046 3,711-60,762 3,251 3,130-15,817 3,459-8,516-19,813 11,832-12,368 Direct investment ,006 9,501-5,768 14,478-7,047 2,675 5,777-9,957 3,667 15, ,236 6,472 11, ,534-57,708-21,486 Portfolio investment -24,473 41,302 38,799 33,982 38,905 31,040 26,180 1,383 36,345 40,008 56,968 1,393 4,099 49,785 8, ,254 60,530-39,225 Financial derivatives ,083-6,612-10,048-5,693-3,921-3,338-5,574-8,126-3,169-2,403-2,684-1,960-7,048-15,263-12,793-4,680-5,084 Other investment 20,219-21,134-24, ,391 1,070-6,968 23,460-14, ,269-67,035 4,651-31,192-45,750-12,592-29,739 13,690 53,428 Net errors and omissions 324-2,394 3, ,257-2,131 3,801 5, ,512-4, ,581 6,940 5,462 6, ,523 Overall balance 12,849 3,864-1, ,707-1,773 9,709 8,247 28,766 79,017 7,616 11,153 24,360 7,464 17,939 36,381 1,141 32,137 Reserves and related items al -12,849-3,864 1, ,707 1,773-9,709-8,247-28,766-79,017-7,616-11,153-24,360-7,464-17,939-36,381-1,141-32,137 International investment position am 220, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,191 1,003,128 1,153,824 1,394,121 Balance of Payments (% of GDP at current market prices) Exports Imports Balance on goods Current account balance Overall balance INTERNATIONAL RESERVES as of end of period ($ million) Total 107, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,383 Gold, national valuation Foreign exchange 107, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,296 Reserve position in the IMF SDRs EXCHANGE RATES (HK$ $) End of period Average of period EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS as of end of year ($ billion) Total debt outstanding and disbursed , , , , , ,563.9 Long-term debt an Public and publicly guaranteed Private nonguaranteed Short-term debt ,047.2 Use of IMF credit External debt (% of GDP) Total long-term debt (% of total debt) Short-term debt (% of total debt) Debt service (% of exports of goods and services)

9 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific = data not available; = marks break in series; = magnitude equals zero; 0 or 0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed; $ = United States dollars; cif = cost, insurance, and freight; fob = free on board; GDP = gross domestic product; GNI = gross national income; HK$ = Hong Kong dollars; IMF = International Monetary Fund; km 2 = square kilometer; kwh = kilowatt-hour; L = liter; NPISHs = nonprofit institutions serving households; SDRs = special drawing rights; t = metric ton. a Data refer to resident population. b Excludes marine population and area of reservoirs. Figures refer to end of June for each year. c Annual figures are compiled based on data collected in the General Household Survey from January to December of the year concerned, as well as on midyear population estimates. d Figures less than million are shown as e Refers to electricity and gas supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities; public administration; and social and personal services. f Refers to import, export, wholesale, and retail trades. g Refers to retail, accommodation, and food services. Accommodation services cover hotels, guesthouses, boardinghouses, and other establishments providing short-term accommodation. The retail, accommodation, and food services industries as a whole is generally referred to as the consumption- and tourism-related segment. h Data include activity for postal and courier services. i Data include professional and business services. j GDP by economic activities is compiled based on Hong Kong Standard Industrial Classification Version 2.0 and worked back to k The overall GDP level compiled using the expenditure approach is adopted as the single measure of GDP. The sum of value added of respective economic activities at current basic prices plus taxes on products plus statistical discrepancy is equal to GDP by expenditure component at current market prices. l Refers to professional and business services. m Refers to public administration, social services, and personal services. n Refers to ownership of premises. o Refers to agriculture, fishing, mining, and quarrying. p Refers to manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities; and construction. q Refers to import, export, wholesale, and retail trades; accommodation and food services; transportation, storage, postal, and courier services; information and communications; financing and insurance; real estate, professional, and business services; public administration, social services, and personal services; and ownership of premises. r Acquisitions less disposals of valuables are not compiled. s Trade in goods and services statistics presented are compiled based on the change of ownership principle in recording goods sent abroad for processing and merchanting under the standards stipulated in the System of National Accounts t GDP and real GNI in chained (2016) dollars compiled using the annually reweighted chain-linking approach have been rereferenced from 2015 to Component and aggregate data series are estimated separately using component and aggregate indexes, thereby losing additivity. u Data include final consumption of NPISHs. v Refers to balance on secondary income. w Starting from the reference year 2008, the index of industrial production and producer price index for manufacturing industries are compiled based on Hong Kong Standard Industrial Classification Version 2.0, which adopts the basic framework and principles of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities Revision 4. x The average monthly household expenditure (in Hong Kong dollars) of the consumer price index (CPI) was HK$5,500 HK$89,999, with the base period of October 2014 September The CPIs from October 2014 onwards are compiled based on expenditure weights obtained from the 2014/2015 Household Expenditure Survey. The CPIs for earlier periods were compiled based on old weights and have been rescaled to the new base period for linking with the new index series. In deriving the year-on-year rates of change, indices of more than one decimal place are used in the calculation. The year-on-year rates of change before October 2015 were derived using the index series in the base periods at that time (for instance the 2009/10-based index series), compared with the index a year earlier in the same base period. y For , refers to food only. For 2005 onward, includes nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics. z For , includes nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics. For 2005 onward, excludes alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics. aa Refers to manufacturing industries. ab Includes short-term exchange fund placements in the monetary aggregate. ac Refers to General Revenue Account and Funds, excluding transfers between them. ad Total revenue is the sum of operating revenue and capital revenue, which excludes net proceeds from issuance of bonds and notes. ae Excludes net proceeds from issuance of bonds and notes based on the currency in which the debt instruments are denominated. af Refers to total spending, which is the sum of operating expenditure and capital spending, excluding repayment of bonds and notes. ag Includes the consolidated account (i.e., General Revenue Account and Fund Accounts) before repayment of bonds and notes. Data exclude nonbudgetary surplus/deficit; hence, the item refers to the overall budgetary surplus/deficit. Data for grants and net lending are not available. ah Refers to public expenditure by policy area group. Public expenditure comprises government expenditure plus expenditure (operating and capital) by the Trading Funds and the Housing Authority. Expenditure figures for 2017/2018 and before have been aligned to conform with the definitions and policy area group classifications adopted in the 2018/2019 estimate. ai Defense is not applicable after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on 1 July aj In accordance with the accounting rules adopted in the IMF s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (sixth edition), a positive value for the balance figure in the current and capital account represents a surplus, whereas a negative value represents a deficit. In the financial nonreserve assets, increases in net financial assets and net financial liabilities are shown with positive signs, and net transactions are computed by subtracting the liabilities from the assets. Thus, a positive value in the net transactions represents a net lending, while a negative value represents a net borrowing. For the overall balance of payments, a positive value represents a surplus, whereas a negative value represents a deficit. ak Data are the sum of quarterly figures converted from Hong Kong dollars to United States dollars using the average of period exchange rates from the IMF. al For purposes of analysis, a positive value in reserves and related items represents a net decrease, while a negative value represents a net increase. am Net international investment position is the difference between total external financial assets and total external financial liabilities. Figures were converted from Hong Kong dollars to United States dollars using the end of period exchange rates from the IMF. an For 2002 onward, data include debt liabilities under direct investment relationships.

10 10 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018 Sources: Population Labor Force National Accounts Production Indexes Energy Price Indexes Money and Banking Government Finance External Trade Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Census and Statistics Department (CSD). Official communication, 27 April 2018; past communication. Hong Kong Monetary Authority. Official communication, 9 May 2018; Monthly Statistical Bulletin, April 2004; past communication. Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics. (accessed 25 May 2018). Balance of Payments International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics. (accessed 16 May 2018). Exchange Rates IMF. International Financial Statistics. (accessed 11 April 2018). External Indebtedness For : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Statistical Compendium 2005/ 2, CD-ROM. For :