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1 ROLE OF MICROFINCE EMPOWER WOMEN THROUGH SELF HELP GROUPS IN TAMILNADU Dr.S.RAJA 1 M.ANNAM 2 1 Associate Professor, PG Department of Commerce& Research Centre, Vevekananda College, Tiruvendakam West, Madurai, Tamilnadu. 2 Research Scholar (Part-Time), Mother Teresa Women University Kodaikanal, Tamilnadu. ABSTRACT To develop any economy finance is the key element. In any developing economy contribution of villages or the rural segment is essential. In recent years, women have joined hands for their development and self employment in the form of Self Help Group. Women empowerment is essential for equality in economic development Microfinance is emerging as a powerful instrument for poverty alleviation in the new economy. In India, Microfinance scene is dominated by Self Help Group (SHGs)-Bank Linkage Programme as a cost effective mechanism for providing financial services to the Unreached Poor which has been successful not only in meeting financial needs of the rural poor women but also strengthens collective self help capacities of the poor,leading to their empowerment. Rapid progress in SHG formation has now turned into an empowerment movement among women across the country Hence, the present study aims to seek the answer to what extend does microfinance empower the women SHGs in Tamilnadu? Keywords: Microfinance, self help groups. Introduction If you want to awaken country first awake women. If a woman is awakened a family is awakened and a family is awakened, a village is awakened thereby entire country is awakened. Jawaharlal Nehru The rural development and the alleviation of poverty are the two major goals of the developing nations, to which India is no exception. The major concern of any government today is to bring down the increasing poverty, empowering, and enabling the most neglected sections of the society through organized support to all poverty alleviation programmes. Considering the paucity of funds with poor people, the need of the hour is to provide adequate credit to the needy people to enable them to undertake entrepreneurial activity, however small, with the help of NGOs and GOs. Micro finance is expected to play a pivotal role in developing the self help group.shgs are novel and innovative organizational setup in India for the women upliftment and welfare. All women in India are given chance to join any one of SHGs for training and development, so as to be prospective entrepreneur and skilled worker. The SHGs are promoted by the Government as if women in India may not be resourceful enough to be entrepreneurs. SHGs become more or less a part and parcel of the society. Microfinance provides SHGs with the financial banking they 7
2 need to start business ventures and actively participate in the economy. It gives them confidence, improves their status and makes them more active in decision-making. Objectives of the Study To focus on the significance of micro finance in promoting SHGs To study the status of women in Tamilnadu To find the socio-economic profile of the respondents of SHGs Methodology Sources of Data The data for the study has been collected from both primary and secondary data sources. Sample Design For the present study, data were collected from 30 SHGs in Madurai District, with the help of a schedule prepared for the purpose Frame work of analysis The data collected were classified and analyzed keeping in view the objectives of the study. For the purpose of an analysis, tables and percentages were used. The Concept of Micro Finance Micro finance is a concept that is helping the poor to avail of and create opportunities for economic growth. In India micro finance has fuelled the efforts of rural development, women empowerment and wealth generation by providing small-scale savings, credit, insurance and other financial services to poor and low-income households. Micro finance thus serves as a means to empower the poor and provides a valuable tool to help the economic development process. The concept of micro financing and self-employment activities in rural areas has developed considerably over the last two decades. It is working neither on donation/charity nor on subsidy. It is basically rotational investment done to motivate the poor to empower themselves and practice the dictum save for the future and use those resources during the time of need. Theoretically, micro finance also known as micro credit or micro lending means making provisions for smaller working capital loans to the selfemployed or self-employment seeking poor. Micro credit has been defined as the extension of small loans to be given in multiple doses based on the absorption capacity of the needy beneficiaries, who are too poor to qualify for formal bank loans, as they have no assets to offer as collateral security against loans Significance of Micro-finance Micro finance revolution is increasingly demand-led as contrasted to the supply-led State sponsored rural credit. Micro finance is profitable for banks/micro finance institutions adopting a profit centric approach 8
3 with customer-friendly savings and loan products. Innovations by institutions across countries reveal that the poor are bankable and micro enterprise finance through repayment incentive structure, streamlined administration and market based pricing is sustainable. Since 36 percent of the credit needs in the rural areas is still met by informal sources namely, money lenders, landlords, friends and relatives, micro finance is a contextually significant policy Credit is vital to the poor for overcoming the inevitable and common imbalance between income and expenditure. Credit is also crucial to the poor for income generating activities, like investing in their marginal farms or other small-scale self-employment ventures. Their access to formal banking channels, however, is limited due to their low resource base as well as due to the nature of formal credit institutions. The popularity of the micro-finance self help groups stems from widespread recognition that formal banking channels are largely ineffective in catering to the credit needs of the poor. A quote from the former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan s video message on the launch of the International Year of Micro credit on 18th November 2004 also shows the significance of micro finance. Micro finance has proved its value, in many countries, as a weapon against poverty and hunger. It really can change people s lives for the better - especially the lives of those who need it most. Let us be clear. Micro finance is not charity. It is a way to extend the same rights and services to low-income households that are available to everyone else. It is recognition that poor people are the solution, not the problem. It is a way to build on their energy, and vision. It is a way to grow productive enterprises, and so allow communities to prosper. Micro financing has turned out to be an effective strategy for institutional financing agencies. For the financing institutions, the group lending minimises the transaction cost and at the same time they can make available small loans through group. Chances of misutilisation are rare and there are assured repayment because of peer monitoring by the group. The group concept has enabled them to create savings habit and minimise extravagance. Concept of Self Help Group The concept of self help groups had its origin in the co-operative philosophy and the co-operators by and large, including the National Federations in the credit sector, could not think of any better SHG than a primary co-operative credit society itself.2 As SHG are small and economically homogenous affinity groups of rural poor, they are voluntarily coming together for achieving the following. 1. To save small amount of money regularly. 2. To mutually agree to contribute a common fund. 3. To meet their emergency needs. 4. To have collective decision making. 5. To solve conflicts through collective leadership mutual discussion. 6. To provide collateral free loan with terms decided by the group at the market driven rates. Today, the self help group movement is increasingly accepted as an innovation in the field of rural credit in many developing countries including India to help the rural poor considered a vehicle to reach the 9
4 disadvantaged and marginalized section, which in the normal course cannot avail of credit facility from the bank. A self help group is defined as a group consisting of people who have personal experience of a similar issue or life situation, either directly or through their family and friends. Sharing experiences enables them to give each other a unique quality of mutual support and to pool practical information and ways of coping. Self help groups are small informal association of the poor created at the grass root level for the purpose of enabling members to reap economic benefits out of mutual help solidarily and joint responsibility. Self help groups are formed voluntarily by the rural and urban poor to save and contribute to a common fund to be lent to its members as per group decision and for working together for social and economic uplift of their families and community. The Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of Women Ltd. (TNCDW) in its credit guidelines for the SHGs defines as a small economically homogenous affinity group of rural poor, voluntarily formed to save and contribute to a common fund to be lent to its members as per group decision and for working together for social and economic uplift of their family and community. Challenges of women in Tamilnadu 1. Low literacy rate Education is base for all development and awareness. The rate of literacy of women in Tamilnadu is percent, where as men s literacy rate is percent. There was a gender gap in literacy to the extent of percent. 2. Low employment Compared to men, women in Tamilnadu have lower employment. As per the census of 2001 nearly 31% of total work participated were women. 3. Crime against women. The Number of crimes against women was 860 in 2012 and the same was 1130 in It showed an increase of 31% over the year. 4. Political participation The rate of political participation of women in Tamilnadu is and independence are restricted informally. 5. Self employment All the population of our country cannot be given employment either by Government or private. So, self employment is an alternative way to empower them economically. Women entrepreneurs both in small and large scale organizations are very less in Tamilnadu. More than these challenges they have been facing many other challenges also 10
5 Women Empowerment in Tamilnadu The Government of Tamilnadu has implemented many schemes to empower women and uplift them economically and socially. All the schemes were not successful, because those schemes provided financial facilities to women at macro level and followed many formalities. Among many schemes of women development, the Self-Help Groups for women is one of the successful schemes, which is improving women empowerment and play major role to eradicate poverty particularly in rural areas. Micro finance is the reason for the successfulness of the scheme. Table 1 shows the details of SHGs in Tamil Nadu as on No. of SHGs No. of SHG Members No. of Rural SHGs No. of Members in Rural SHGs No. of Urban SHGs No. of Members in Urban SHGs Total Savings No. of SHGs credit linked Total Amount credit linked 5.56 lakhs lakhs 3.72 lakhs lakhs 1.84 lakhs lakhs `.3, crores 4.85 lakhs `.15, crores Source: TNCDW Tamil nadu is one of the leading states of India in promotion of the shgs. geographically Tamil nadu has 385 blocks with 13,180 panchayats. Out of 72,147,030 crores population (2011 census) in Tamil nadu, 36,009,055 crores are women. In Tamil nadu 5.56 lakhs shgs have been formed as on 31st march 2013 under mahalir thittam Table 3 reports that as on , there were 5,56,Lakhs SHGs in Tamilnadu, The results also showed that more number of SHGs were formed in rural areas. 67 per cent of SHG have been formed in rural areas. Only 33 per cent of SHGs were formed in urban areas. As on there were lakhs members in SHGs in Tamilnadu, it was 24 per cent of women population in Tamilnadu. In other words 24 per cent of women in Tamilnadu are members of various SHGs. Hence the SHG scheme has given benefit to 24 per cent of the total women community in the state. The results also showed that 67 per cent members of SHGs are from rural areas. It showed that this scheme has helped to eradicate poverty and empowering women economically especially among rural women. The results also indicated that there were averagely 15 members in each SHG in Tamilnadu and the total savings of the SHGs were Rs.3, Crore as on The self help groups were given credit facilities by the Government of Tamilnadu. As on total credit availed by the SHGs was Rs. Rs.15, Crore. 11
6 The results of the above tables showed that Self Help Group scheme has been becoming popular and successful scheme in eradicating poverty and empowering women economically in the state of Tamilnadu. Analysis and Interpretation Socio-economic profile of the respondents The revolutionary trend, in the introduction of SHG has uplifted the members, economically by boosting their income level, which enables them to meet their daily and household expenditures. Saving habit and saving potentials of the members of the SHGs is another important indicator of financial inclusion. SHG members make monthly or weekly investments in bank regularly. The money saved in banks is provided as loan to the needy members in the form of internal loan. There are considerable changes occurred in the size of the loan taken from banks by the SHG members. Distribution of the respondents on the basis of family income, amount of savings and internal loan before and after joining SHG is presented in Table 2. TABLE 2: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE S.No. Particulars Classification No. of respondents Before joining After joining 1 Monthly Income (`) Below & above Total Amount of saving(`) Below above Total Internal Loan(`) Below & above Total Source:Primary data Table 2 reveals that after becoming the members of SHG, only 8 respondents had less than 2, 000 as monthly income. Hence, it is evident that, after becoming members of SHG, the respondents income has been increased substantially. The saving potential is increased and around 52 respondents have more than 4,000 as their savings now. 56 respondents took internal of bank loan availed by the respondents has also increased. 12
7 S.No. I II III IV V VI VII Total Total Score Rank Purpose of getting loan The researcher has analysed the purpose of getting loan by the respondents. The analysis reveals that the main purpose of getting loan by them is to start business which secured highest score of 560 Table 3 illustrates the results. TABLE 3: PURPOSE OF GETTING LOAN Particulars 1 To start business To educate their children To meet medical expenses To meet marriage expenses To maintain house expenditure Redeem other loans To meet festival expenses Source: Primary data Findings of the Study The analysis of the data collected reveals that Total number of Self Help Groups in India is increased enormously. The saving potential is increased and around 36 respondents have more than 4,000 as their savings now. Most of the respendent utilises the loan amount for the purpose to state the business. Suggestions More trade fairs and exhibitions are to be conducted to create the demand for the goods manufactured by the SHG members. The society has to take steps to remove the disparity of gender bias to develop the SHG. SHG members have to come forward to utilize the facilities arranged by financial institution and Government. Latest marketing strategies, that is e-marketing can be implemented that would provide worldwide shopping facilities. 13
8 Conclusion Micro-finance is well-recognized all over the world. It plays an effective tool for reducing poverty, empowering rural women, and improving socio economic status of rural poor. Micro Finance builds community leadership and decrease dependency. Micro Finance creates saving habits among women. So that, they get loan to involve themselves in income generating activities. The real empowerment of women is possible only when a woman has increased access to economic resources, more strength and course for entering into the power structure, more involvement through social relationships and participation, more self- motivation and confidence, and more say in the family matters. Women should be willing to take additional effort for building a mind set which is suitable for their overall empowerment. It is a gradual and consistent process which requires the support of many who cure related to them in one way or other. Through micro finance the poverty is getting reduced and it improves the social status of women. So, micro finance is a vital antipoverty tool to the society References 1. V.J.R. Emerlson Moses, "Women empowerment through SHGs : A micro study", International Referred Research Journal, Vol. II, Issue 16, January 2011, p K.K. Tripathy, Micro-Credit Intervention and Poverty Alleviation, Kurukshetra, 54 No.11, September, 2006, pp Sharma, Monoranjan, Micro-finance: Creating Value for the Poor, Edited by Kasuturi Nageswara Rao and Yashpaul Pahuja, Indian Banking Emerging Issues, Hyderabad, ICFAI University Press, 2005, p Rajaram, Dasgupta, Micro Finance in India, Empirical Evidence, Alternative Models and Policy Imperatives, Economic and Political Weekly, XL No.12, March 19-25, 2005, p Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of Women Ltd. - Credit guidelines for SHGs, Handbook, 2007, p
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