EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS AND MONTHLY REPORT ON

Transcription

1 EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS AND MONTHLY REPORT ON MAY THE LABOR FORCE FOI. 1 NO. JOSEPH M. FINERTY, EDITOR JOHN E. BREGGER, ASSOCIATE EDITOR Highlights The Summary Employment and Unemployment Developments (page ) contains a short discussion on the employment status of persons living in the poverty and other urban neighborhoods of our 100 largest metropolitan areas. A new monthly series on reasons for unemployment is introduced on page. State and Area: Annual averages, 1-7, covering employment, hours and earnings, and labor turnover appear in a special section on page 107. A new area, Greensboro Winston-Salem High Point, North Carolina, is introduced in Tables B-7 and C-. p» g e CONTENTS Summary Employment and Unemployment Developments, Why the Unemployed Began Looking for Work 1 Charts 18 Statistical Tables Special Section: 107 State and Area Annual Averages Area Definitions 1 Technical Note Continued on following page.

2 CONTENTS' (CONTINUED) STATISTICAL TABLES SECTION A-LABOR FORCE, EMPLOYMENT, AND UNEMPLOYMENT- HOUSEHOLD DATA Page Employment Status 18 A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1 to date 1 A- : Employment status of the noninstitutional population 1 years and over by sex, 17 to date 0 A- : Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color A- : Labor force by age, sex, and color A- : Employment status of persons 1-1 years of age in the noninstitutional population by color and sex A- : Employment status of the noninstitutional population 1 years and over by color, age, and sex A- 7: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by age and sex Characteristics of the Unemployed A- 8: Unemployed persons by age and sex A- : Unemployed persons by marital status, age, sex, and color 7 A- 10: Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex 7 A- : Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex 8 A- 1: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 8 A-1: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status A- 1: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job Characteristics of the Employed A- 1: Employed persons by age and sex 0 A-1: Employed persons by occupation group, age, and sex 1 A-17: Employed persons by major occupation group, color, and sex A-18: Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex A- 1: Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex A-0: Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work A-1: Persons at work 1- hours by usual status and reason working part-time A-: Nonagricultural workers by full- or part-time status A-: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, age, sex, color, and marital status 7 A-: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex Data on 1 and 1 Year-olds A-: Employment status of 1-1 year-olds by sex and color A-: Employed 1-1 year-olds by sex, major occupation group, and class of worker Seasonally Adjusted Data 0 A-7: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age and sex, seasonally adjusted 1 A-8: Employment status by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted A-: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted A-0: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted A-1: Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted A-: Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted A-: Employed persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted

3 STATISTICAL TABLES-(CONTINUED) SECTION B-EMPLOYMENT - ESTABLISHMENT DATA Page ^ National B-l: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, to date B-: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry B-: Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry B-: Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted 0 B-: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 1 B-: Production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted State and Area B-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division SECTION C-HOURS AND EARNINGS - ESTABLISHMENT DATA National 7 C- 1: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, 17 to date 7 C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, by industry 8 C-: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government 8 C-: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry 87 C-: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 17- dollars 87 C-: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours and payrolls in industrial and construction activities 88 C-7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 8 C-8: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activities, seasonally adjusted State and Area 0 C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas SECTION D-LABOR TURNOVER - ESTABLISHMENT DATA National D-1: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 18 to date D-Z: Labor turnover rates, by industry D-: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by sex and major industry D-: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 18 to date, seasonally adjusted State and Area 101 D-: Labor turnover rates in.manufacturing for selected States and areas SECTION E-UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA 10 E- 1: Insured unemployment under State programs 10 E-: Insured unemployment in 10 major labor areas 1 Quarterly data included in February, May, August, and November issues.

4 SUMMARY EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENTS, APRIL Unemployment fell for the second month and nonfarm payroll employment edged up in. At percent (seasonally adjusted) the unemployment rate compares with percent in March and equals the post- Korean low reached in January. Payroll employment rose 0,000 (seasonally adjusted) in ApriJ to 7 million. Much of the increase in employment was due to the termination of strikes in the copper mining and glass container industries. In the first periodic release of what is to become a regular part of its program, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the unemployment rate in the poorest one-fifth of the neighborhoods in the Nation's 100 largest cities was 7.0 percent in the first quarter of, double the percent rate of the remaining neighborhoods. Negro unemployment rates were higher than white rates both in these poor neighborhoods (8 as compared with percent) and in the remaining neighborhoods (. as compared with percent). Unemployment The number of unemployed persons fell 10,000 more than seasonally between March and to million. Over half the improvement occurred among teenagers. Unemployment rates edged down to percent for adult men and 1 percent for teenagers. The jobless rate for adult women remained unchanged at percent. For adult men, the jobless rate and level were at their lowest points since the Korean War. Jobless rates for both white andnonwhite workers have edged down in the past two months. However, the nonwhite rate in ( percent) remained more than double the white rate.. State insured unemployment declined more than seasonally in, the rate falling slightly to percent. Over the year, total unemployment was down 17,000, with declines of 100,000 for adult men and 70,000 for adult females. Teenage unemployment was not significantly changed from a year earlier. The bulk of the over-the-year decline for both adult women and men was among those last employed as blue-collar workers. One of the major factors in the lower unemployment levels this as compared with last is an improved employment picture in durable-goods manufacturing. In, the manufacturing inventory-toshipment s ratio was excessive, and the jobless rate in durable-goods manufacturing was percent. In, with a more favorable inventory-shipments ratio, the rate for durable goods workers had dropped to percent. This reduction, along with an improved job picture in construction, contributed heavily to a lower unemploymnt rate for blue-collar workers (down 0 percentage point to percent) and the over-the-year decline in the level of unemployment. Industry Employment About two-thirds of the seasonally adjusted 0,000 increase in payroll employment in occurred in manufacturing. Nearly all of the manufacturing increase (7,000) was in durable goods, accounted for by post-strike production pickups in the stone, clay, and glass and primary metals industries. The employment advance in nondurable goods (1,000) was concentrated in the apparel industry. Small seasonally adjusted job increases were registered in finance, medical-health services, and State and local government.

5 Employment gains were slightly smaller than usual in retail trade. Over the year, payroll employment was up million to 7. million,government, trade, and services accounted for million (nearly three-fourths) of the employment increase. Compared to a year earlier, manufacturing employment was up 0,000. Hours and Earnings Average weekly hours declined in most major industry groups in. The decline was partially attributable to religious observances and to civil disturbances in a number of cities during the reference week. The average workweek for factory production workers fell 0. of an hour (seasonally adjusted) to 0, hours in. Overtime hours in manufacturing dipped 0. hour to hours. Average hourly earnings for rank and file workers on private payrolls rose cents over the month to $. As a result, their average weekly earnings advanced to $10, 0 cents over the March level. Weekly earnings for factory production workers were up $.1 (. percent) over the year. Their hourly earnings, at $, were up 1 cents ( percent) over the year. Total Employment and Labor Force Both the labor force and total employment declined over the month on a seasonally adjusted basis. The nonagricultural employment decline of 10,000 was almost entirely accounted for by women, Over the year, the expansion of job opportunities ( million) was sufficiently large to absorb increases in the labor force ( million) and to bring unemployment down to million. Poverty Neighborhoods \J The. million workers (1 years of age and over) living in big-city poverty neighborhoods had a jobless rate of 7.0 percent in the first quarter of. Their rate was twice that of persons living in the other urban neighborhoods ( percent) and was also much higher than for the Nation as a whole ( percent) during the quarter. Significantly, the widest gap existed between the jobless rates for adult males--usually l/ These sample survey data for poverty and other urban neighborhoods reflect the employment situation in the Nation's 100 largest standard metropolitan statistical areas taken as a whole. The poverty area classification system was developed by the Bureau of the Census for the Office of Economic Opportunity. Poverty areas were identified by ranking census tracts in metropolitan areas with a population of 0,000 or more on the basis of I0 data on income, education, skills, housing, and proportion of broken families. The tracts that ranked the lowest on these indexes of relative wellbeing were initially designated as poverty tracts and grouped in poverty areas. The boundaries of poverty areas were adjusted to allow for major urban renewal activities since 10 and to achieve contiguity. Finally, areas including,0 tracts in 100 cities were designated as poverty areas. These areas probably include some middleand upper-income families and of course exclude some poor families who live elsewhere. Thus, these data should be viewed as minimal estimates of the adverse conditions in poor neighborhoods. For a detailed description of the techniques employed, see Characteristics of Families Residing in Poverty Areas: March 1 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, Series P-, No. 1). Definitions and additional data will also be presented in a forthcoming Monthly Labor Review article.

6 the family breadwinners--in poverty (. percent) and in the remaining neighborhoods ( percent). Teenagers in poverty areas also fared poorly; one-fifth were jobless in the poverty neighborhoods compared to one-ninth of the teenagers in the other areas. About 1 percent of the Nation's unemployed workers lived in poverty neighborhoods of large cities in the first months of. Reflecting the disproportionate concentration of Negroes in these neighborhoods, about half of the unemployed were nonwhite (7,000 out of 7,000). Negroes had higher jobless rates than whites in both the poverty and the other urban neighborhoods. In poverty neighborhoods, the rate for Negro men was. percent compared to percent for white men (it was vs. percent in the other neighborhoods). Poverty neighborhood dwellers not only had a higher incidence of joblessness but were more likely to have menial, low-paying jobs when working. Over half the employed poverty area workers were in semi skilled, unskilled, and service jobs, compared with percent in the Nation as a whole. The concentration at the lowest end of the occupation scale was especially marked for Negroes in poverty neighborhoods. Joblessness in the cities and their poverty neighborhoods was little changed between early and, although the data are not strictly comparable. \ Unemployment rates for Negro men in poverty neighborhoods were down somewhat from early to early. Summary first quarter averages for and for persons living in poverty and other urban neighborhoods are given in tables 1 and.

7 Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 1 years and over by urban poverty and other urban neighborhoods JL/ and color (In thousands) Employment status 1st Quarter Total 1st Quarter 1st Quarter White 1st Quarter 1st Quarter No'nwhite 1st Quarter TOTAL UNITED STATES Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian Labor Force Unemployment Unemployment rate,7 77,0,07 1,0 7,08,0 7,7 8,,,0 7,18,8 1, 8,0 7. 1, 8,0 1 7 URBAN POVERTY NEIGHBORHOODS Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian Labor Force Unemployment Unemployment rate,8, ,, 7. 7,00,8 0,87,71 10,,7 7 8,7,7. OTHER URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian Labor Force Unemployment Unemployment rate 1,78,877 1, 0,7, 1,1 7,88,1 1,0,77,70 1,17,,88 18.,7, 17. 1/ Pertains only to standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's) with populations of 0,000 or more. NOTE: Caution should be used in analyzing estimates for the first quarter of, the initial period for which data are available for this new series. These estimates may overstate the level and rate of unemployment because the procedures utilized in the CPS require several months of continuous data before the necessary statistical techniques exert their full effect.

8 Table. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 1 years and over for urban poverty and other urban neighborhoods JL/ by age, sex, and color (In thousands) Employment status, age, and sex 1st Quarter Total 1st Quarter 1st Quarter White 1st Quarter 1st Quarter Honwhite 1st Quarter MALES, 0 YEARS AND OVER Urban poverty neighborhoods Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian Labor Force Unemployment Unemployment rate,7,8 01.,718, 0.,78,71,,07 7 1,77 1, 88. 1,7 1, Other urban neighborhoods Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian Labor Force Unemployment Unemployment rate,7,0,00 1, 7, 0,81,77 0, 7 1,7 1, 1,1 1, FEMALES, 0 YEARS AND OVER Urban poverty neighborhoods Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian Labor Force Unemployment Unemployment rate,0, 18.,7,0 1., 1,70 1,07 1, 70,17 1,0 87 7,0 1, Other urban neighborhoods Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian Labor Force Unemployment Unemployment rate,7 1,7 8,177, 7 7,7,1 7 7,1 10,8 0,08 1, ,8 1,01 8. TEENAGERS, 1-1 YEARS Urban poverty neighborhoods Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian Labor Force Unemployment Unemployment rate 1, , Other urban neighborhoods Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian Labor Force Unemployment Unemployment rate 1/ Pertains only to SMSA 1,08, 1 s with po,1,7 7 1 pulations,7, of 0.000,80,7 1 or more

9 Why the Unemployed Began Looking for Work This issue introduces a new monthlystatistical series on the reasons why unemployed persons began looking for work. The information about the unemployed from the Current Population Survey answers such questions as: How many lost their last obs? How many quit? How many entered the labor force to look for work? The availability of this type of information, which is presented on a regular monthly basis for the first time, will also permit study of the cyclical and seasonal effects of the different types of unemployment-- that due to job loss, quits, or labor force entry. It should also make possible more precise measurement of frictional unemployment and shed further light on why the unemployment rates of various groups-- suck as teenagers--are typically high. Earlier special surveys of the reasons why the unemployed began to look for work were conducted in June of 1, 1, and 1 and in December 1, November 1, and January 1. An analysis of the data from these surveys is published in Special Labor Force Report No. 78, Why the Unemployed Looked for "Work, which may be obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics upon request. The accompanying tables will appear each month in this publication as a part of the regular Household Data section of the "Statistical Tables." A detailed study of the and results will be the subject of a Monthly Labor Review article later in the year. The data in table 1 show that in less than half ( percent ) of the unemployed had lost their last job because of layoff or other involuntary job loss such as firing, business failure or relocation, decreased workload, or mechanization. Over 0 percent of the unemployed had entered the labor force to look for work but had not yet found it, and 1 percent had voluntarily left their last job. Job losers as a proportion of the total unemployed probably will drop during the remainder of the spring and summer as some youths, both those graduating from school and those looking for summer jobs, and other summer workers become unemployed as they enter the labor force. In June, job losers probably will account for only about one-third of the unemployed. The data also show that, although the teenage overall unemployment rate was four times the rate for adult workers, the big differential was among entrants. The teenage entrant rate was nine times the adult rate; in contrast, the job-loser rate for teenagers was about the same as for adults. Once a teenager has a job, the likelihood that he will lose it is not much greater than for an adult; the typically higher unemployment rate for teenagers, therefore, is largely a function of their frequent movements into and out of the labor force and of hiring practices which favor more experienced workers. The following terms explain the composition of each of the groups of unemployed persons by reason for beginning to look for work: I. Job losers. A. Persons on layoff. 1. Persons on temporary layoff of less than 0 days.. Persons on indefinite layoff 0 days or more or with no definite recall date. B. All other job losers whose employment ended involuntarily and who immediately began looking for work (including persons obliged to retire who immediately began looking for another job). II. Job leavers. Persons who quite or otherwise terminated their employment and immediately began looking for work (including voluntary retirees who 7, immediately began to look).

10 III. Entrants. A. Reentrants--persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting weeks or longer but who were out of the labor force prior to beginning to look for work. B. New e nt r an t s--persons who never worked at a full-time job lasting weeks or longer. 1. Persons who never worked full time but might have had. part-time jobs for weeks or longer. Persons who never worked at all for weeks or longer. The job-loser, job-leaver, reentrant, and new entrant rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; therefore, the sum of the rates for the four groups equals the total unemployment rate. These rates have not been adjusted for seasonality, because there is not a continuous series of sufficient duration. -Kathryn Hoyle Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis

11 Table 1. Unemployment by Sex, Age, Color, and Reason for Unemployment Reason for unemployment Total unemployed. Males : 10 years and over Females and 0 years over Both 1 to sexes 1 years White Nonwhite UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL Total unemployed, in thousands Lost last iob Left last iob Reentered labor force Never worked before,1 1, , 1, , , , 1, Total unemployed, percent distribution Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before , , UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Total unemployment rate Job-loser rate Job-leaver rate Reentrant rate New entrant rate Ạ....0.

12 Table. Unemployed Persons by Duration, Reason for Unemployment, Sex, and Age Reason, age, and sex Total unemployed (in thousands) Total unemployed (percent distribution) Less than weeks Duration of unemployment to 1 weeks 1 weeks and over 1 to weeks 7 weeks and over Total 1 years and over Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before,1 1, , * Males 0 years and over Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before Females 0 years and over Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before Both sexes 1 to 1 years Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before , /Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000.

13 Chart 1. MILLIONS LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT 1 to date (Seasonally adjusted) MILLIONS 8 Total labor force \ vilian labor fore Total employment Nonagricultural employment Quarterly Averages Chart. PERCENT MAJOR UNEMPLOYMENT INDICATORS 1 to date (Seasonally adjusted) Percent of labor force time lost PERCENT Unemployment rateall civilian workers 7.0 Unemployment ratemarried men Quarterly Averages 1 1 Monthly Data 0 Series revised beginning 1 to reflect whether unemployed persons sought full-or part-time jobs.

14 1. Chart. MILLIONS 1 EMPLOYMENT IN GOODS-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES 1 to date (Seasonally adjusted) MILLIONS 1.Agriculture _^Contract construction _ X Mining Quarterly Averages Monthly Data Note: Data for mostrecent months are preliminary. Chart. MILLIONS 1 EMPLOYMENT IN SERVICE-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES 1 to date (Seasonally adjusted) MILLIONS 1 Wholesale and retail trade Quarterly Averages Monthly Data Note: Data for most recent months are preliminary.

15 1. Chart. PERCENT 18 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY AGE AND SEX 1 to date (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT Quarterly Averages Monthly Data Chart. MILLIONS 7 / Total unemployment TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT BY DURATION 1 to date (Seasonally adjusted) MILLIONS PERCENT 80 DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT AS A PERCENT OF THE TOTAL PERCENT Quarterly Averages Monthly Data

16 1. Chart 7. HOURS OF WORK IN MANUFACTURING, CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION, AND TRADE 1 to date (Seasonally adjusted) HOURS 0,0.0 -O* \ ^ Contract construction OVERTIME HOURS IN MANUFACTURING -TO > Quarterly Averages Monthly Data * Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously available. Note: Data for most recent months are preliminary. chart 8 AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING, CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION, AND TRADE 1 to date DOLLARS DOLLARS Contract construction / *, ^ y ^ ^ / j- - X Manufacturing 1 1 wholes ale and retc il tracle * - f Quarterly Averages Monthly Data 0 * Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously available Note: Data for most recent months are preliminary. Digitized for FRASER

17 17 Chart. PERCENT 1 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUPS 17 to date (Seasonally adjusted) Quarterly Averages Monthly Data PERCENT 1 10 Blue-collar workers 10 V»d. J*K White-collar woi * ^ Farm workers i i i i i i i n i i i i i i Chart 10. STATE INSURED UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Week ending 1. (Not seasonally adjusted] % 8 OVER \ -8% ] -% -% UNDER % BASED ON AV. COVERED EMPLOYMENT 1 MOS. ENDING SEPTEMBER Insured jobless under State unemployment insurance programs excludes workers who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers, and persons from jobs not covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Source: Bureau of Employment Security -81 O - 8 -

18 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- It Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1 to date (In thousands) Year and month Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of popula- Civilian labor force Total Employed Agriculture Non agricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Not in labor force Persons 1 years of age and over T ,, : May, Tune, July... August.. September October.. November. December. : January.. February. March.,.. ^Not available. <D 100,80 101,0 10,10 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 107,08 10,18 10,7 10, 10, 107,71 108,8 0,01 1,71,7,8,0, 7,881,7, 1,81 1,1 17, 1,,180 1,1 1,7 1, 1,18 1, 1, 1,7 1,0 1, 1,0 1,7 1,7 1,0 1,0,0 0,080 0,80 1,0 1,80,0,10,70,0,0,00,180 7,0 0,80,0,00,00 0,70 8 (I) ,180,80 0,0 1,000 1,0,0,870,0,000,10,0,0,10,10,0,0,80 7,0 0,18 7,0,80,00 8,0 8,70 0,80,0,10,00,0,70 7,0 0,0,70,70,0,80, ,0 10,0 10,0 10,170 10,00,00 10,0 10,000,80,0,10,0,100,0,080 8,0 8,80 8,0 8, 7,180,10,0 8,770 8,70 0,0,10,10,80,0,10 7,80 1,0,00,0,010,0,0,7 1,0,0 8,00 1,00 1,80,0 10,10,00 7,700 10,0,80 8,10,0,0 1, ,00,70, ? Persons 1 years of age and over 0,1,080,0,88,7,70,0, 8,07,0,7 70,7 70,1 7,1 7,01 7, 7,71 7,80 77,178 78,8 80,7 7,0 7,1 8, 8,0 8,71 80,8 81, 81,8 81,7 7,8 80,8 80,8 81, ,0 0,1 1,8,08,017,18,01,,0,, 7, 8,,8 70, 70,1 71,8 7,01 7, 7,770 77,7 7,1 7,0 7,00 7,71 7, 77, 78,1 78, 78,07 7,7 77,0 77,7 77, 7,0 8, 7, 8,0, 0, 1,181 0,0,171,80,071,0,0,778,7,70 7,7,0 71,088 7,8 7,7 7, 7,7 7,1 7,1 7,170 7,1 7,181 7,18 7,8 7,7 7, 7,17 7,1 7,81 7, 7, 7,10,7,01,1,0,,8,7,8,0 1,70,,7,,0,7 7,17 8,1 7,0,,8,00,,87,,1,7,8,71,8,,1,78,1,0,7,,,,7,81,18 0,71,0 0,18 0, 1,7,07,78,7 8,1 70,7,7,81 70, 71,70 71,7 70,700 71,18 71,0 71,7,08 70, 70,80 71, <D,00,0,0,100 8,0 0,0,0 0,,7,7,88,0 1,88 1,8,,8,70,8,0,70,8,71,,070,78,,87,7,,7,8,0,,8,1,8,71,07,88,,1., , , ,77,7,708,787,0,0,01,78,0,0,,088,0 7,17 8,1, 0,8 1,,08,88,7,,1 0,70 0, 1,07,8,0,1,87,7,87,,1 Digitized for FRASER

19 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- : Employment status of the noninstitutional population 1 years and over by sex, 17 to date (In thousands) Year, month, and sex Total noninstitutional population Total labor force of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not seasonally adjusted Season - ally adjusted Not in labor force MALE 17 1K ' I : :... October. November December : January. February- March FEMALE : October... November.. December.. : January... February., March 0,8 1, 1,,,788,8,8,70,1,7,08,0 7,1 8,1 8,8, 0,7 1,,7,1,1,08,0,70,8,8,7,0, ,7,,1,17,,7,8,7,8 00 8,7,8,8,8,7,771,80,8,8,7,07,,0,1 7, 7,7 7,88 7,1 7, 8,1 8,0 8,870,1,,8 0,87 0, 1,0,8 1,8,7,,1 1,0,0,1,0 1,8 17,1 17,80 18,1 1,0 1,1 1, 1,718 0,8 1, 1,7,1,1,7,88,07,7,, 7, 8, 7,877,1,,7 8,0 8,80 8,81 8, ,8,8,8,81,001,8,,,7,01,17,1,88,88,,00 7,1 7,7 8, 8,71 8,87 8, 8,8 8,80 8,71 8,17 8, 8, 8,7 1, 17, 17,788 18,8 1,01 1, 1,8 1,78 0,8 1,1 1,7,8,8,0,80,01,70,1,00 7, 8,0 7,8,18,08,7 8,171 8,78 8,778 8,7 0, 1,7 0, 1,80 1,780 1,8,1 1,0,1,80,7,,,0,,177,7,7,0,1 7,7,8 7, 7,88 7,0,7,8 7,00 7,8 1,0 1,18 1,7 17,0 18,18 18,70 18,70 18,0 1,0 0, 0,71 0,1 1,1 1,87,00,,10,81,78,7,8,10 7,7 7,81 8,088,801 7,8 7,8 7,,,8,,001,,8,,00,,0,«,,,7,8,0,80,1,7,,1,10,7,08,,88,,01,1 1,8 1,71 1,1 1,1 1,1 1, 1,008 1,00 1,18 1, 1,1 0 1, ,1,8,8,78,8, 7,178,18 7,7 8,0 8, 7,87 8,,1, 0,108 0,8 1,78,7,7,1,70,7,0,,7,8,0,07 1,77 1,7 1,0 1,18 1,0 17, 17,7 17,8 18,7 1,177 1,1 1, 0, 0,887 1,187 1,1,7,000,,0,1,018,71 7,17 7,7,,81,,88 1, 1,,7, 1,1 1,18 1,0, 1,8 1,7 1,81.,08,0,8,7,,7,0 1,1 1,1 1,08 1, 1, 1,18 1,71 1,70 1,80 1,1 1, ,0 1, , ,0 1,018 1,0 1,0 1, 1,717 1,88 1,8 1,81 1, 1, 1,8 1, 1,7 1,77 1, 1,70 1,7 1,10 1, , ,710,710,8,0,7,8 7,7 7,1 7, 7, 8,8 8,1 8,07,7, 10,1 10,7,1,7,7,1 1,8 1,8 1,01 1, 1, 1,10 1,0 1,70,77,77,88,881,87,1, 7,7 7,0,7 7,18 7,7 8,0 8, 8,7,08,71 0, 0,1 0, 0,08 0,88 0,1 0,11 0,0 1,70 0, 1,0 1,1 Digitized for FRASER

20 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- : Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color (In thousands) Total labor force Civilian labor force Not in labor force Unemployed Age, sex, and color Percent of population Employed Percent of labor force Total Keeping house Going to school Unable to work MALE 1 years and over... 1 to 1 years... 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years,0,0,88 1,0, ,7,17, 1,1 1,808 7,8,7,001 1,18 1,8 1, ,70,0,8,08 1, ,8,0,8 1,8 88 1, to years 0 to years... to years to years 0 to years... to years... 0 to years to years... 0 to years,8,,80,8,,1,7,8, \ ,88,0 1,7,0,8,1,8,,87,,7 1,017,,88,0,0,0, ,8 1,07 1, , to years to years... 0 to years... years and over to years 70 years and over.... 7,018,1,8,18 1, ,01,8,8,18 1, 87,0,0,8,0 1, , 7 88,7 1,87, WHITE MALE 1 years and over... 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 7,1,08, 1,8, ,,10,17 1, 1,,0,17,77 1,18 1,7 1, ,8,8,7 1,771 1, ,,87,0 1, 8 1, to years... 0 to years to years to years... to years to years 1,7,71, 10,0 10,07, ,080,1 8,1,88,, 8,1,07 7,8,,, ,10 1, , to years... to years... 0 to years... years and over,10,7, 1, ,0,7, 1,7,1,71, 1, , , NONWHITE MALE 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years, ,8 0 1, , to years 0 to years to years... to years to years to years, 77,80 1, 1, ,07,17 1,1 1,07 8,,0 1,101 1, to years to years 0 to years years and over

21 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- : Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color--continued (In thousands) Total labor force Civilian labor force Not in labor force Unemployed Age, sex, and color Percent of population Employed Number Percent of labor force Keeping house Going to school Unable to work FEMALE 1 years and over. 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 8,7,0,0 1 1, ,7,8,7 1 1, 7,,01, ,7 1, ,1,8,10,8 1,781, 1, ,088,7,,178 1, to years 0 to years. to years to years 0 to years to years 0 to years to years 0 to years,1,10 17,,7,71,0,0,, ,1,0 17,101,71,8,8,08,,1,,877 1,18,,0,70,10,1, ,0,0 18,01,0,1,1,0,01,,78,777 17,8,78,108,0,1,780, to years to years 0 to years years and over to years 70 years and over,7,7 1, ,,7 1, ,8, 1, ,0,0,,8,,,0,, 8,10,71, WHITE FEMALE 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years,00,8, 8 1, ,,,01 8 1,,0,,0 70 1, ,88,10,7,1 1,1 1, 1,8 1 0,,,7 1, to years 0 to years. to years to years to years to years 1,8,7 1,7,,00, 7. 1,817,8 1,7,,01, 1,1,00 1,,10,87, ,8,1 1,807,1,,00,80,70 1,88,87,1, to years to years 0 to years years and over,7,18 1, ,7,18 1,0 878,88,0 1,8 8 0,80,78,7 8,70,1,8, 7,1 8 8 NONWHITE FEMALE 1 years and over, 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years, , , , , to years 0 to years to years to years to years to years,18 8, ,1, ,10 78, , 08 1, 7 7,8 07 1, to years to years 0 to years years and over

22 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- : Labor force by age, sex, and color Age, sex, and color MALE Thousands of persons Total labor force Participation rate Thousanc s of persons Civilian labor force Participation rate 1 years and over- 1 to 1 years. 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years to years to years to years to years to years to years 0 to years years and over,0,88 1,0,,,80,80,1 10, 7,018,1,8,18 1,8,77 1,8,0,, 10,7,1 10,,17,0,8, ,7, 1,1 1,808,0 1,7 10, 10,77 10,71 7,01,8,8,18 8,, 1, 1,8,8 1,1 10,00 10,87 10,18,,00,81, WHITE MALE 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years to years to years to years to years to years to years.. 0 to years years and over 7,1, 1,8,0,71, 10,0 10,07,,10,7, 1,7,,0 1,,0,78,8,71 10,1,1,1,7, 1, ,,17 1, 1,,1 8,1,88,,,0,7, 1,7,1,88 1,70 1,1, 8,0 8,8,787,,1,7,8 1, NONWHITE MALE 1 years and over 1 to 1 years and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years - to years to years to years to years '. to years to years 0 to years years and over, ,80 1, 1, , ,8 1,18 1, o 8 7.1,8 0 1,17 1,1 1, , ,18 1,101 1,

23 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- : Labor force by age, sex, anh color Continued Total labor force Civilian labor force Age, sex, and color Thousands of persons Participation rate Thousands of persons Participation rate FEMALE 1 years and over 1 t.o 1 years. 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years to years to years to years to years to years to years 0 to years years and over 8,7,0 1 1,7,10 17,,0,870,18,7,7 1,1 8 7,877,8 18 1,,87 1,78,77,80,,88,0 1, O , ,7,7 1 1,,0 17,101,08,8,1,,7 1,1 8 7,8,7 18 1,,80 1,,77,8,7,88,0 1, ,0. WHITE FEMALE 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years to years to years to years to years to years to years 0 to years years and over,00, 8 1,7,7 1,7,,00,,7,18 1,0 878,1, 88 1,77,8 1,10,,,,7,17 1, o ,,01 8 1,,8 1,7,,01,,7,18 1,0 878,0,1 88 1,7,7 1,180,0,,7,7,17 1, , O, NONWHITE FEMALE 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years to years to years to years to years to years to years 0 to years years and over, , , , O o , , , , , , 1,8

24 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- : Employment status of persons 1-1 years of age in the noninstitutional population by color and sex (In thousands).. I Total White Nonwhite Employment status Both sexes Male Female Both. sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries. Unemployed Percent of labor force Looking for full-time work. Looking for part-time work. Not in labor force 1,,1,0 8,7 1 8, ,07 10,7,0,17,7, ,0 10,00,0,8,01 1, ,8 18,1,80 8,7 7,80 7,7 8 7» ,,,08,10,17, ,8,1,8,,, * 10,71 1, , ,1 1, , Major activity: going to school Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries. Unemployed Percent of labor force Looking for full-time work. Looking for part-t<me work Not in labor force,7,0, ,,0 1,8 1, ,0 1,0 1,0 0 1, ,7,088,8, 8. 7,8 1,8 1,70 1 1, ,87 1,1 1,1 17 1, , Major activity: other Civilian labor force Employed. Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed. Percent of labor force.. Looking for full-time work... Looking for part-time work Not in labor force,87,7 7, ,81,1,880, ,1,8 1, ,0,87,80 7, ,7,1,0 10, ,7,10 1, A- : Employment status of the noninstitutional population 1 years and over by color, age, and sex (In thousands) Total Men, 0 years Women, 0 years Both sexes, Employment status and color and over and < >ver 1-1 vears TOTAL Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed..- Percent of labor force Not in labor force WHITE Total noninstitutional population... Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries. Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 1,0 81, , 7,1,81 71,,1,1 10,70 7,1 8,,7,0,71 1,7 8, 1,7 7,0 7,1 7,,71,7,, 8,71 70,7. 7,00,81,8,1, 8,0 7,0 8,17 8,1,7,81 1,7 *,,1,8 8 1,07 0,, 7,7 7 8,,7 7,0 8,01,,8 1,08 1,0,01 1,,1 8 0,08,1, 7,10 8 8,11,8,1,8,1 7,8 0,80,7,70 0., 1, 0 1,8 70, 1,77, 0,70,8 7,71 7,78, 1,1 1,8 1,1 8 0, 70, 1,171,78,01,81, , 1,80,7,18,70,8 78.,1 1,0,,88,0 1, ,70 1,,8.,18,7,0 7.,8 NONWHITE Total noninstitutional population... Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force. : Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 1,1 8,8 8,8 8,17 7, , 1,00 8,8 8, 7, 7 7,8 7.,178,788,8 8,7,0,0 17,,77 8,0,7, ,7,,,,1 01,8,07,77,7,1,08.,10 1, ,11 1, ,17

25 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 7: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by age and sex (In thousands) Full-time labor force Part-time labor force Age and sex Total Fulltime schedules Employed Part time for economic reasons Unemployed (looking for full-time work) Percent of full-time labor force Employed on voluntary part timel Numbe; Unemployed (looking for part-time work) part-time labor force TOTAL 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 years and over 0 to years years and over... to years years and over.,7,81,7 08,17,0 7,8,70,01,7,10,87, ,7 0,70 7,10,8,710,1 1, ,1 1 1, , ,7 7 1, ,0,7, 1,0 1,07 7,80 1,1,,07, 10,00,,0 1,708 1,1 7,80 1,,17,1, MALE 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 0 years and over 0 to years years and over... to years years and over.,78,1 1,,,8,7 1, 8,1,071,10 1, 1,880,7 7,0 0,10 7, , ,, 1,8,0 1 1, 1,77,08 1,70 1,8 8 1, ,1.1 FEMALE 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 0 years and over... 0 to years years and over.. to years... years and over 1,71,7 1, 0,0,00 17,10 1,80, 0,07, 8 1,00,1 1, 1,1, ol 1,0, 1,71 1,0,1,1, 1,00, 1,71 1,10,1,77,88 1, Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories.

26 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 8: Unemployed persons by age and sex Male Female Age Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Total, 1 years and over 1,8 1, 1,0 1, 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 years and over 0 to years, years and over to years to years to years to years to years 0 to years years and over , Household head, 1 years and over 1 to years to years years and over A- : Unemployed persons by marital status, age, sex, and color Male Female Marital status, age, and color Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Thousands of person s Unemployment rates Total, 1 years and over 1,8 1, 1,0 1, Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) Total, 0 to years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) White, 1 years and over 1,0 1, Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) White, 0 to years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) Nonwhite, 1 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) Nonwhite, 0 to years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married)

27 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-10: Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex Occupation Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Male Total..,1, White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors. Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Carpenters and other construction craftsmen All other Operatives Drivers and deliverymen All other Nonfarm laborers Construction laborers All other 1, , Service workers. Private household., All other Farmers and farm laborers 8 8 No previous wor 1 to 1 years 0 to years years and c Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000. A-ll: Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Industry Percent distribution Total Unemployment rates 1Q Female Private wage and salary workers. Mining. Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery Electrical equipment Motor vehicles and equipment All other transportation equipment Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products Apparel and other finished textile products Other nondurable goods industries Transportation and public utilities Railroads and railway express Other transportation Communication and other public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Professional services All other service industries Agricultural wage and salary workers All other classes of workers 8. No previous work experience. 10 i Percent not shown where base is less than 100,

28 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-1: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment Household head Duration of unemployment Thousands Percent distribution Percent distributor- Total.,1, 10 1,07. Less than weeks to 1 weeks to 10 weeks to 1 weeks 1 weeks and over 1 to weeks 7 weeks and over 1, , , 1., Average (mean) duration , A-1: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status Thousands of persons Sex, age, color, and marital status Total Less than weeks to 1 weeks 1 to weeks 7 weeks and over Less than weeks as a percent of unemployed in group 1 weeks and over as a percent of unemployed in group : Total, , Ma le 1, , 7.,, , Female 1, , 7, , White: Total Male Female. 1,7 1, Male ' Widowed divorced, or separated

29 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-1: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job Occupation and industry OCCUPATION Less than weeks Thousands of persons ^ to 1 weeks 1 to weeks 7 weeks and over Less than weeks as a percent of unemployed in group 1 weeks and over as a percent of unemployed in group White-collar workers Professional and managerial. Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen.. Operatives Nonfarm laborers , Service workers INDUSTRY Agriculture Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale and retail trade. Finance and service industries.... Public administration No previous work experience 7 Includes wage and salary workers only. Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000. A-1; 1 70 Employed persons by age and sex (In thousands) All industries 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years to years to years to years to years to years to years 0 to years years and over Nonagricultural industries 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years to years to years to years to years to years to years 0 to years years and over Agriculture 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years to years to years to years to years to years to years 0 to years years and over Age and type of industry 7,1,81,, 8, 7, 1, 1,0 1,0 10,77,8,7,00 71,,88 1,8,7 8,,0 1,7 1,1 1,,7,,007,7, , ,,0,0,1 8,8,1 1, 1,80 1,7 10,0,7,,78,7,87 1,8,0 8,0,87 1, 1, 1,7,71,881,870,,71 1 1, ,8,001 1,18 1,8,7 1,018 10,7 10,7 10,10,0,0,8,0,07, 1,10 1,,7,7,0 10,01,0,1,1, 1,1, , ,8,8 1, 1,70, 0,17,88 10,,7,71,,807,0,70,07 1,01 1,,7 8,, 10,17,8 0 *7, 1,7, , ,, ,7,877 1,18,88,7,8,8, 1, 1,88,7 78 1,1,8 1,17,788,,787,78,7 1, ,10,1 80 1,,7 1,,1,,77,77, 1,1,018,7 71 1,7,0 1,,,,0,80,0 1,

30 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-1: Employed persons by occupation group, age, and sex (In thousands) Occupation Total Male, 0 years and over Female, 0 years and over Male, 1-1 years Fema e, 1-1 y ears *^ Total 7,1 7,,7,,1,8,001,8,?m,1,,88 18,8 17,777 1,7 1, ,7 1, Professional and technical Medical and other health Teachers, except college 10,07 1,,1,,8 1,,8,0,07 7,00,07 78,71, 8 1,1 1,01, 878 1,08 1, Managers, officials, and proprietors Self-employed workers in retail trade... 7,, 1,08 1,17 7,, 1,00 1,1,,1 80 1,018,1, 787 1,000 1, , Clerical workers Stenographers, typists, and secretaries... 1,77,, 1,,10,8,17 8,18,18,10 8,1,01,0 7,8,78, Retail trade Other sales workers.,70,71 1,80,,0 1,80,1 01 1,0, , 1, 1, 1 1,0 1, Blue-collar workers,8,70 0,8 0,,7, 1,7 1,1 Carpenters Construction craftsmen, except carpenters Mechanics and repairmen Metal craftsmen, except mechanics Other craftsmen and kindred workers Foremen, not elsewhere classified,8 81 1,770,1 1,78 1,87 1,, ,81, 1,7 1,8 1,, 80 1,71,0 1,1 1,8 1,1, 7 1,771, 1, 1, 1, Other operatives Durable goods manufacturing Nondurable goods manufacturing 1,7,8,,7,771,7 1,,8,17,71,,77 8,8,0,1, 1,0 1,71 8,1,17,8,81 1, 1,708,,87 1, 1,,1 7,8 1,0 1, Nonfarm laborers Construction Manufacturing Other industries, ,,1 8 1,0 1,8, 8 1,178, , ,7,,7,0,, Private household workers 1,7 1, ,1 1, Service workers, except private household... Protective service workers Waiters, cooks, and bartenders Other service workers 7, 8,08,17 7, 8,08,0, ,8,1 01 1,,88 1,08,8,78 1 1,01, Farm workers,,1,, ' 8 Farmers and farm managers -. 1,78 1, 1,88 1, Unpaid family workers 1, 7 7 1,

31 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-17: Employed persons by major occupation group, color, and sex (Percent distribution) Occupation group and color TOTAL Total employed (thousands) Percent 7,1 7, 7,8,8 7,,10 White-collar workers Professional and technical, Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers, Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers , , Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen.... WHITE Total employed (thousands) Percent,7,81,0,0,0,1 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Fanners and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen NONWHITE Total employed (thousands) Percent 8,17 7,,78,1,, White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors... Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers _ Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen

32 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-18: Employed persons by class o* worker, age, and sex (In thousands) Nonagricultural industries Agriculture Age and sex Wage and salary workers Private household workers Self employed Unpaid family workers Wage and salary workers Self employed Unpaid family workers Total,... 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years... J8 and 1 years... 0 to years to years to years to years to years to years 0 to years. years and over...,71,78 1,80, 8,1 1,8 1, 1,77 8,8,8, 1, 1, , ,,1,1,781 1,77 1,0 71 0,1, 1,0,,8,88,7 10,08,1,0, 1,0, ,1 1,1 1, , , Male 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years to years... to years... to years... to years... to years. 0 to years. years and over. 0,1,7 1,08 1,1,,18,0 8,8,7,18,187 1, , , 1, 1,80 8 1,7, 1,7,80 8,01 7,8,88,,1 1,77 7, , , , Female 1 to 1 years... 1 and 17 years 18 -and 1 years 0 to years... to years... to years... to years... to years to years. 0 to years. years and over.,1, 77 1,8,780,0,17,8,,0 1, 7 1, , ,0 1,0 1, ,1 1, 8 1,18,8,7,87,7,7 1, ,

33 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-1: E m p l o y e d persons with a job but not at w o r k by r e a s o n, pay status, a n d sex (In thousands) All industries Nonagricultural industries Reason not working Wage and salary workers Unpaid absence Totol Vacation Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute. All other reasons.., 1,800 1, ,08 1,0 80 8, 1,781 1, ,17 8 1, ,81 1, , 1 7 1, MoU Vacation Illness All other reasons., 1, ,0 7 1, , Female Vacation Illness All other reasons.. 1, , Excludes private household. Pay status not available separately for Bad weather and Industrial dispute; these categories are included in All other reasons. A-0: Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work Thousands of persons Percent distribution Hours of work All industries Non agricultural industries All ^ndustri Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Agriculture Total at work 1- hours 1 - hours -1 hours 1- hours 0- hours 71,01,77 70,7 8,80, 7,770 1,1, 8,17,0,71 1, hours and over - hours 0 hours 1 hours and over 1 to 8 hours to hours 0 hours and over 8,,,0 1,701 7,87,887,7,,,7 17,1 7,,7,71, , , Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on full-time schedules O - 8 -

34 HOUSEHOLD DATA A - 1 : Persons at w o r k 1- hours by usual status a n d r e a s o n w o r k i n g part-time (In thousands) All industries Nonagricultural industries Reasons working part time Total Usually work full time Usually work Total Usually work full time Usually work part time Total,77 1, 10,8 1,1,888,7 Economic reasons Slack work Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment New job started during week Job terminated during week... Could find only part-time work 1, , Other reasons Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work... Vacation Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute Legal or religious holiday..., Full time for this job All other reasons 0,88 7,17 0 1, ,18 1,0,, ,18,00, 7,17 1,0 1,1 7, 1, ,18 1,18,10, ,18,01 8,8 7, 1 1,18 Average hours: Economic reasons Other reasons Worked 0 to hours: Economic reasons Other reasons 81,1 8 7,7 7 1, 8,8 7, ,7 A - : N o n a g r i c u l t u r a l w o r k e r s by full- or p a r t - t i m e status Industry Total at work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part,time Percent distribution Total On full-time schedules 0 hours 1 to 8 hours Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on full-time schedules Wage and salary workers., Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities.. Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Private households All other service Public administration Unpaid family workers 'Mining not shown separately but included in totals.

35 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, age, sex, color, and marital status On full-time schedules Age, sex, color and marital status Total at On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time 0 hours or less 1 hours or more Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on full-time schedules (In thousands) TOTAL Total, 1 years and over. 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 years and oves 0 to years years and over to years to years years and over 7,770 7,8,7 1,80,8,08 7,80,8 8,8,8,1 1, , , ,8,00,8 1,8 1,07,0 1,1,17,1,0 8 7,1,7 1, 87 1,,, 8,801,0 1,8 1,18,7,81 1, 0 1, 8,01,07,1 17,1 1, , , 1, 1,7 8,78, Males, 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 1 and 7 years 18 and 1 years 0 years and over 0 to years years and over < to years to years years and over,,01,, 1,0 1,81 0,0,1,77 1, 1,78 1, ,007 1,78 1, ,0 0 1,00 8 8,8,18 1, ,8,,10 18,7 1,1 8, 1, ,, 1,0,,10 1 1, ,78 1,01 1,077 7,1, Females, 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years < 18 and 1 years 0 years and over 0 to years years and over to years to years years and over,1,81,17 7 1,8,0,1 1,81,0 8, ,8 1, 1,1 8,7 0,17 1, 1, ,70, ,1,70 1,1 7,,87 1,7 1, ,8,77 1,071,18,80 01, ,8,0 1,1 1, COLOR Total White Male Female 0,7 8,7,0 1, 7 8 7,,7,8 1,0,1 1,7,000 1, 1,1 1,0 1,8, Total Nonwhite Male Female... 7,1,1, ,0,708,0,7,78 1,8 1, MARITAL STATUS Male: Married, wife present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married),78,0, ,,17 1,8, 1,71 1,7, 1,7 71 1,0 0. Female: Married, husband present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) ; 1,70,8, , 810 1, 10,7,80,7 8,87,0, 1,

36 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, age, sex, colon and marital status Continued On full-time schedules Age, sex, color and marital status Total work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time 0 hours or less 1 hours or more (Percent distribution) TOTAL Total, 1 years and over. 1 to 1 years, 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 years and over. 0 to years years and over to years to years years and over 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, Males, 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 and 1 years 1 and 17 years, 18 and 1 years 0 years and over 0 to years years and over to years to years years and over 100, , 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, Females, 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 years and over 0 to years years and over to years to years years and over 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, COLOR Total White Male Female Total Nonwhite Male Female MARITAL STATUS Male: Married, wife present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Female: Married, husband present Widowed, divorced, or separated... Single (never married) %

37 HOUSEHOLD DATA A - : P e r s o n s at w o r k in n o n f a r m o c c u p a t i o n s b y f u l l - or p a r t - t i m e s t a t u s a n d s e x Occupation group and sex Total at work On part time for On voluntary part time On full-time schedules 0 hours or less 1 to 8 hours hours or more Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on full-time schedules (Thousands of persons) TOTAL White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors. Clerical workers Sales workers.,,1 7, 1,10, , 1,10 8 1,77 1,1 8,7 8, 7,0 10,,18 1,,17,10 8,710 1,80,1 81 1,01 8 1, 1,0, O0 Blue-collar workers. Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers,817,7 1,1, , ,7 8,8,87, 1,, 8,0 1,81, 1, 1,70,17 1, 1, e0 0 Service workers Private household Other service workers. 8,88 1,8 7, ,7 87 1,1, 7,0,781 8, , O1 «MALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers 18,18,08,7,, , ,8,7,00,010,,00,707,7,8 1,07, ,070 1,,17 7 7, Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives.. Nonfarm laborers 1,17,177,, ,0 1, 8,7 8,, 1,,8,1 1,7,18 1, 1,1,08 1, 1,0 7 o ,7 0o0 Service workers Private household Other service workers,17,0 17,0 17,0 1,7 1, FEMALE White-collar workers Professional and technical... Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers 1,8, 1,10 8,87 1, , , 77,77, ,1 1,, 71, O O o Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen. Operative s Nonfarm laborers,00 0, ,7,7 8,10 08, O Service workers Private household Other service workers,7 1,, , ,,1 7,, 1,

38 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex--continued Occupation group and sex Total On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total On full-time schedules 0 hours or less 1 to 8 hours hours or more (Percent distribution) TOTAL White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household Other service workers MALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers ,, Service workers Private household Other service workers FEMALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household Other service workers , 1, ,. 8,

39 HOUSEHOLD DATA A - : E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s o f 1-1 y e a r - o l d s b y s e x a n d c o l o r (In thousands) Employment status Both sexes Both sexes Both sexes Male Civilian noninstitutional population. 7,17,88,70,7,, 1,0 1 7 Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries... Unemployed 1,180 1, ,07 1, Not in labor force Keeping house Going to school Unable to work All other reasons,7,7 1,07 17,77 10,0,78 1 1,7 1,88 1, 17,,8, _ A - : E m p l o y e d 1-1 year-olds by sex, major occupation group, and class of worker Characteristics Both sexes Thousands of persons Male Female Both sexes Percent distribution Male Female CLASS OF WORKER Total ; 1, Nonagricultural industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers.... Unpaid family workers Total OCCUPATION 1, White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers officials and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers... Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers _ Private household workers Farm laborers and foremen

40 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A - 7 : E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s o f t h e n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n b y a g e a n d s e x, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d (In thousands) Employment status, age, and sex Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Total Total labor force Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture.. Nonagricukural industries On part time for economic reasons Usually work full time Usually work part time Unemployed 81,8 8,10 78, 78,8 7, 7,80,80,01 71, 71,788 1,1 1, ,707,8 8,18 78,7 7,71,17 71,0 1, ,1 81,8 77, 7,17,00 71,1 1, ,7 81, 78,7 7,77,1 71,1 1,807 8,8 81, 77,8 7,00,8 71,1 1,0 1,108 8,8 81, 78,07 7,7,718 71,017 1,8 7 80,7 81, 77,807 7,8,7 70,1 1,7 1,0 87,1 81,07 77,8 7,, 70,708 1,1 1,0 8, 80, 77, 7,78,87 70,1 1, 1,0 88,017 80,8 77,1 7,1,7 70,0 1, 1,0 8,0,8 7,0 7,0,78,8,1 0 8, 80, 7,81 7,,8 70,0,017 1,178 8,87 Men, 0 years and over Total labor force Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Women, 0 years and over Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 8,18 8,,71,7,78,78,877,8 1,881 1,81 8 1,00,18, 7,,0,18 81,7 8,78,0,8, 1,887 1,07,070,0 0, 1,0 7,8,770,70,1 1,80 1,00,810,80 8, 1,008 8,,78,77,1 1,8 1,008,8,7 8,8 1,07 8,0,78,0,8 1,7 1,07,08,0, 1,0 8,,8,0,7 1,7 1,18,0,8 7, 1, 8, 8,,0,8,8,1,78,81 1,70 1,0 1,08 1,08,18,0 17,1 1,78,7,77,878 8,70,0,,7 1,7 1,08,, 1,8 1,0 8,,0,17,7 1,0 1,1,0,18 8,8 1,0 7,88,08,8,778 1, 1,100,,00 7,8 1,0 8,00,10,0,80 1, 1,07,08,01 1, 1,01 Both sexes, 1-1 years Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed,70,0, 800,77,81 1,0 881,,8 8,71 80,, 8, 718,, 0,08 81,, 80,08 880,, 0, 7,8,0 8,18 8,7, 8,8 871,,, 80,7,87,1 88,87,1 78,8 8,,8 8,8 77 NOTE: Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series, detail for the household data shown in tables A-7 through A- will not necessarily add to totals.

41 A - 8 : E m p l o y m e n t status by color, sex, and a g e, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d (In thousands) HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Characteristics Jan. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May WHITE Total: Civilian labor force. Unemployed Males, 0 years and over: Females, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force,0 7,7,1 1,17 0, 77,1 1,77 7,8 7,,8 1,8 0,1 87 1,08 7, 7,,0 1,1 0,8 871,1 1, ,,1,01 8,7, ,8,1,,7,8 87,81,7 81,87 7,0, 1,1 0,7 88, 1,88 7,,717,7 1,088 0,17 1,88 1,18 70,0,,. 1,0 0,1 87,8 1, ,0,1,,88,0 878,0, ,87,,!T,88,8 00,087, ,,0,88,70,81,81, ,7,88,71,78,1 887,07, ,,, 0,, 1, 0, , 78 Both sexes, 1 to 1 years: Unemployment rate,8, ,71,0 7 1,,8 8 10,8, ,7, 1,7,88 1,17, 1,7,71 1,710,0 8 1,7,087 1,88,01 7 1,7, ,, NONWHITE Total: 8,81 8,7 88 8,1 8, ,81 8, , 8, ,87,71 8,77 8, ,1 7, , 7, , 8,0 8 8,71 8, ,8 8, , 7, , 0 8, 018 7: Males, 0 years and over: Unemployment rate,,8 18,1,00,, 1,0,17 1,7,1 *81, 18,, 0,, 1,1, 188,0, 18,,18 07,8,8 1,, Females, 0 years and over:,7,1 1.,78,1 17.,8,1,8,1,7 1.,77,7 7.,1,17 7.1,7, 7 8.1,18,0 8,1,18 18.,1, ,8, ,7,08 188,, Both sexes, 1 to 1 years: /

42 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A - : Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted (Unemployment rates) Selected categories Jan j Dec. Sept. Aug. July May Total (all civilian workers). Men, 0 years and over.. Women, 0 years and over. Both sexes, 1-1 years White workers... Nonwhite workers imarried men Full-time workers.. Unemployed 1 weeks and over. State insured^.. Labor force time lost, I OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors. I Clerical workers. Sales workers i. Blue-collar workers... Craftsmen and foremen. Operatives Non farm laborers Farm workers.. INDUSTRY Private wage and salary workers... Construction Manufacturing. Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities.. Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries.... Government wage and salary workers.. Agricultural wage and salary workers insured unemployment under State programs as a percent of average covered employment. Man-hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force man-hours, lncludes mining, not shown separately.

43 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A - 0 : U n e m p l o y e d persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Duration of unemployment Jan. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May 1 to weeks 1, , , , , , ,78 1, , ,7 1, , , , A-1: Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted Age and sex Jan. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Total, 1 years and over to 1 years 1 and 17 years 0 td years years and over to years years and over to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years. 0 to years... years and over to years years and over Females 1 years and over 1 to 1 years 1 and 17 years 18 and 1 years 0 to years... years and over to years years and over ' ,

44 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-: Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Age and sex Jan. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May TOTAL 7, 7,80 7,71 7,17 7,77 7,00 7,7 7,8 7, 7,78 7,1 7,0 7, years and over..,0,0, 8, 1,088 7, 1,7,81,,7 8, 1,0 7,1 1,718,8,7,8 8,7 1,0 7,8 1,71,,1,8 8,8 0,87 7, 1,0,,*, 8,7( 1,7 7, 1,80,, 7 8,7 0,8 7,08 1,71,,1,1 8, 0,701,8 1,7,0,7, 8, 0,0,78 1,8,,8,17 8,0 0,78,7( 1,,,(,8 0,1!,8 1,,87,8, 8,,771,11 1,8,1,,1 8,1,8,18 1,80,8,, 8,8,8,7 1,88 MALE 8,08 8,0 8,0 7,70 7,88! 7, 7, 7,0 7,( 7,7 7,1 7,17 7,, 1,8 1,8,77 0,017 1,08 8,1,7 1, 1,8,71 0,00 1,1 8,1,1 1,01 1,7,8 0,000 1,08 8,1,00 1,1 1,1,8,81 1,01 8,01,0 1,7 1,81,8, 1,01 8,,07 1,1 1,,81,7 0,80 8,1,07 1,07 1,1,8, 0,78 8,1,1 1,1 1,71,8C,08 0,70C 8,8^,0 1,8 1,7,87,8 0,8 8,87, 1, 1,78,871,7 0,1 8,81, 1,0 1,80,87,17 0, 8,87,18 1,7 1,78,71,10 0, 8,7,0 1, 1,8,70,81 0,8 8,7 FEMALE years and over 7,,8 7 1,1,87 1,071 1,8,7 7,7 7,7 7,77,1 70 1,',8 1, 1,,77, 1,,8 1,0 1,,78,7 0 1,7,8 0, 1,,70 7,,1 88^ 1,1,8 1, 1,,88 7, 7,0 7,0 7,0,1,70,0,8,1 87 1,, 1, 1,,818, 07 1,7,70 1,07 1,1,8, 81 1,18, 0, 1,08,78,7 10 1,8,7 0,80 1,0,7,0 1,8,7 0, 1,1,701,8 j 1,,7 0, 1,77,7,0 88 1,0, 0, 1,7,, 81 1,0, 0,1 1,78,8 A-: Employed persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Occupation group Jan. Dec. Sept. Aug. July May White-collar workers : Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers. Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Fanners and farm laborers, 7, 10, 8 l0, 7,7 7,71 1, }1,,1, 7, 07,18 10, 0010,000 1, 8 1,7,,1,177,0,7,0,1 10, 7,7 1*708,0 7,8 10,071 1,8,1,,810,777,1 7, 1,,87 7,,7 1,8,,,,7,8 7,0 1,0, 7,00, 1,0,,8,880,070 1,07 7,8 1,78,7 7,10,80 1,817,,7,8, 10,0 7,87 1,8,1 7,0,708 1,777,0,0,1, 8;,7,8, 7,17 7,8 1,1,08,0,8 7,,:7,18,1, 1,01,0,,0,!,7,7,,7,0 7, 1,1,1 7,1 8 1,,10,,,, 7,7 1,8, 7,1,78 1,,,,1,01,7,7,7 7,08 7,0 1,77 1,1,81,0 7,0 7,0,81,0 1,7 1,,,7,10,,8,

45 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT B-l: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division to date (In thousands) Year aad orach TOTAL Mining Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail uade Retail tmde Finance, insurance, and real Services Total Federal S«ace aad local, Sfc > ^ to 1M *. 1^ 1^ 1S* 1 1**7 18 1»* * I * 1 1 I7:... May. June July August.. September October.. November. December. : January.. February. March ,088 7,?),87 8,0l»0 8,778,8L,7 0,000 1,,1**,\,8,7, 7,0,08 1,0,0 0,18,7,* 1*0,1 1*,1* 1,88 1*0,1* 1*1,71* 1*,881 l*l*,81 1*,778 1*, 1*7,81* 1*8,8 0, 1*,0 0,7,1*08,81* 1,,1 ^,^,0,,70 8, 0,8,8,0 ', **,*,1,08,7,* 7,70 7,80,107,7,787 7, 1A 1, 1,1 1,101 1,08 1,18 1,1* 1,00 1, * 1, * ,01 1,18 1, 1,1 1,1* 1, 1,08 1,0 1,1*7 1,7 1,* ,* 1, 1,0 1,10 1, 1,70,170 1,7 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,8.,1,1,,0,,,1,80,,,778,0,88,81,0,,00,18,,,10,7,^7,^*8,**,1,M$,78,0,8,,0,7 10, 10,8 8,7,10 10,00,71, 10,1 10,001,«*7 10,70, 8,170,X 7,7 8,01,0,87 1O,7»*,0 10,78 10,8 1,1 1,80 17,0 17,8 1, H*,7O 1,1* 1,8 1,1 1,1 1, 1, 17,1* 1,1 1,88 17, 17,17** 1,1* 1,7 lf,7f 1, 1,8 1, 17,7 18,0 1,18 1, 1,181 1,1 1,8 1,1, 1,88 1, 1,00 1,87 1,1** 1,** Ak,7,8 >,0,88,807,8 188 HI,8,»*,81,7,70,78,7,1»*,8,,08,7»*,1*0,1*7,8,0,01 1*,1!*,18,001 M>*,,8 l*,0,08,11,,1,7,0,00,0,0,0,1,0,,, i*,0,7,81,0,, 1*,,0 l*,1l* l*7 *,8 **,O,0,1*07,7,78,08,87**,1, l*,7,81,1*1,80,,17,,70 7,10 7,H8,8 7,08 7,* 8,7 8,,7,,8,71* 10,00 10,7 10, 10,88 10,88 10,70,17,1 H,7,,778 1,10 1,71 1, 1,7 1,**1 1,0 1,7 1, 1, 1,8 1,808 1,10 1,7 1,78 1,71** 1,778 1,00 1,8 1,71* 1,87 1,81 1,7**1 1,7 1,8,10,1,8,87,18,0,7,77,7 ^8,88,1*,00,,0,10,18,1,8,,**,0, *8,,1,8,87,,**,01,7 «*,f,8,7,1,,1*,18,,78 7,17 7,0 7,1* 7,71*0 7,7** 7, 7,0 8,18 8,88 8,V* 8,7 8,71,0,77 10,,1 10,000 10, 10,0 10,01 10,10 10,0 10,7,0** 10,11 10,8 10,18 10,01 1,1 1,17 1,1 1,1 1,10 1,1 1, 1,0 1,7 1,»* 1,0. 1,1*7 1,07., *1 1, 1, 1, 1,88 1,1* 1, 1, 1,0 1,1* 1,8 1,0 1,1*7 1,1*7 1,7 1,71* 1,8 1,87 1,1 1,1,0,1,,,,77,1,1*, >71,800,77,7,0,10,8,181,0,,8,0,7^,7,7,8,8,88,07,0,,,1,0,8,78,8,0,18,,0,7,18,.,87,7,0,8,8,07,7S0,800,8,1,,0,*8,,,1,08,1,,18,1*7,1T,81,1,08,18 1*,1,1 l*,71,00,0,,8,7,70,87,00,7,,7,80 7,10 7,^ 7, 8,08 8, 8,70,087, 10,071, 10,07 10,1 10, 10, 10,1 10,0 10, 10, 10, 10,0 10,1 10,,,k8L,8,7,88,,0,0,1*8,080,0,^,,1*71*,0,8 ^0,8,0,,71,H* 7,77 7,1 7,8 8,08 8, 8,»* 8,80,, 10,01 10,871,1 H,g,0,,71,0,1,87 1,0 1,1 1,08 1,1 1,17 1, ,^*0,1,0,8,08, 1,8 1,8 1,08 1,8,0,0,0,188,17,0,17,,,70,7,»*O,8,1*8,71,8,0,7,78,78,707,707,70,81,7,7,,71,,,70,,01,7,78,8,,01*,00,ao,0,70,17**,,17,»*1,8,787,1*8 l*,o8 l*,o87,188 lfc, 1*,77,0,80,08,1,0,88 7, 7,7li* 8,01 8,1** 8,88 8,7 8, 8,08,1,0,18,1 A,^77,** NOTE: Data include Alaska aad Hawaii beginning 1- This inclusion has resulted in aa increase of 1,000 (0. percent) in the oooafrictiltwal total for the March 1) beachaark atonta. Data for the atost recent sooths arc preliminary. Digitized for FRASER

46 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry SIC CODE TOTAL Industry 7,,787 ( n thousands) All employees,*7,1 *,8* Production workers.1 tfer. IQ7 _ PRIVATE SECTOR, *,ll *, *,1,8 *,77 *,1 **,0 **,*1»O **,1 MINING * 07 * *** *** *7 * METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores...* * * 7 7.* 7.*. 7.,1 1 COAL MINING Bituminous coal and lignite mining - 1* 17. l**.l *0. 1-1*. 8 1* *. 1.* 1, 18" OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum and natural gas fields... Oil and gas field services 0 1* 1*...I 1*8 10.,1 1*8 7.* - 17* O * NONMETALLiC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS.. Crushed and broken stone Sand and crave! -.* llo.l * * 7. 8.* *. - * - CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION,*7,0,,10,,7,*,**7,0,* GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS *.* * HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Highway and street construction Heavy construction nee -.* D l* 8.* * 1.* - *.* 0 0. * *.1 ** Ocft»7 C.jO» ( SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating Masonry, stonework, and plastering Roofing and sheet metal work - 1, ,*87.* , HO 1,1* 7. * ,*. 10* 0* l,d.k 8.I *. QJC ; OO. D 1, O 1, ,,, - 0-, -1 MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS L,** Ll,* 7, 1,* LI, 1 8,00 1,1*, 7,8 1,181,8 7,88 1,, 7,0* 1*, 8,,0 1*,1 8,**,1 l*,uf* 8,*0,0* l*,10* 8,71,8 l*,00 8,*0,80 Durable Goods ,,,, ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small a r m s... Complete guided missiles Sighting and fire control equipment Other ordnance and accessories 0. 7.!o * * 8 1*.1 I.O 1..* *o. 10.k *.. IO * O.. 1* * * * , LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logging camps & logging contractors... Sawmills and planing mills, general. ^.. Millwork, plywood & related products Millwork.... Veneer and Dlvwood... Wooden boxes, shook, and crates... Mi c<~f»l 1 ani*f>ii^ wooh nroducts * I. 7 7* *..* * *.O *..* *.O 1* *.O 1.* 1* lto * * * * *.o.1.* *.* See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

47 - B-: Employees on nonagriculturd payrolls, by industry-continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT Industry (In thousands) All employees Production workers * Durable Goods-Continued FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures Other furniture and fixtures 1* * 1* 0.1 ^ k * * * * 7. *7-8* *8.O * * * A li*i* * * 7O *8.0 k. 8.1*.0. 1*0.0 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS... Flat glass, Glass and glassware, pressed or blown..., Glass containers, Pressed and blown glass, nee, Cement, hydraulic... -, Structural clay products, Brick and structural clay tile, Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.. Other stone and nonmetallic mineral product: Abrasive products, -0 1* ^ 0. 7A ^-7 7 1* *.. 1* 18. 1^ 7 1* * 8 1* * 17 1 * -* 1*.l 7 1* 1 1*.l _ * 10 1*1* *. *-.1* * *- 1* * 1* *- 10.O 1* 8.0 l* *8. 10 i*i*. l* PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills, Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries. Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating. Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products... Iron and steel forgings, * O,8 1* 1.1* O 1 8. *8 8 ^7. 1*. 1*.0 L, l*..k. 7 * ^ 1*.1* 0.I aui 1 *7..O 7.* 8.* *.0 *.* II:! 7 h,0.o *.. 7 1* l*l* 7k.k 0.0 1, _7 * L,0.1* 18. ^8 181*. 0. 1*.1 1* l*.l* 1*0.1* *.O ^ 1,0 1 l*l*.l 181* 0.1* 1.* 1*8. * O 1*0. A 7.1 1, ** 1.*..* *..*.1. 1*0.1 1,07.* U. 1*1*.1* * *0 1 1,, 1, 1, FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws... Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric... Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods. Heating equipment, except electric... Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work... Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Metal services, nee Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings 1 8I. 8 l» *8 L, - 18.I. 81.*. *.l ^ 0. 7 * 0 * 8 8.* 1* L, l*l*. A ioi*. 0.1* 7 1** 0 1* 8l* 8.1* 1*-7 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary. 1,* l*. 7. 1* * O.* * 18.1* * 77. * * * *.l *. 1 1, * L,0l* * 0.1* ** * 1* 17 7 *- 0. l* 1,01** * I ** 7 L * 1* *-7 0.1* l* 1, * l* 7.0 1* 7. 1* A 1* *.O. l,0l*l* 1i* * itl k

48 ESTABLISHMENT DATA 8 EMPLOYMENT B-: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry-continued (In thousands) Industry All employees Production workers 1 Durable Goods Continued MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL, Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee... Farm machinery Construction and related machinery... Construction and mining machinery... Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails.. Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types... Special dies, tools, jigs, & fixtures... Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings.... Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery Misc. machinery, except electrical... ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES-.. Electric test & distributing equipment.. -. Electric measuring instruments Transformers Switchgear aad switchboard apparatus. -. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers... Household laundry equipment. Electric housewares and fans. Electric lighting and wiring equipment... Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus.... Radio and TV communication equipment. Electronic components and accessories.. Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies.... Engine electrical equipment TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment,. Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories... Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts.... Other aircraft parts and equipment.... Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment.. Other transportation equipment 1, , , , * & , 10.I * 8 U * O. 1, * ,007 8O. 7..1* 7 81*.1* 1* 1. ** 17 * 1* 7 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary. 1, * O , , * l*7.1 1*7^ * ll*.1.0 l,*.o O 8O * 1 8 1,.* O. 8.1! , io!l * ,70 1 *. * *8.1*.0 1.I* 1*.0 H * 1, 7 l* ^.1 1* I8. 1*1*. 1* I8.I 1,7* 18.1* 1*- 1* * ll*l*.o 0.1*. *8 : * 1* *. 1,1*. 1* l*.o * * *.1* l,l*.l* 7.1* * * 1 1* 0.1* i*. 18* 1,88.1* 18. 1*1*. * 81*.l* * * * * 18.1* 1* ,1* O 1 H. 1, I87.I O * ,8 17. * O ,0.1 0 I ,. 7.I 0. H fci , , ^

49 B-: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT SIC Code Industry (In thousands) All employees Production workers ^ Durable Goods-Continued , INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering & scientific instruments Mechanical measuring & control devices... Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases (*) ,. 10 1*0.0 8 IO8. 1* 0.k 10 1* * A (*) * 1 1-,8, MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Toys and sporting goods Games; toys, dolls, & play vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, n e c Pens, pencils, office, and aft supplies... Costume jewelry and notions. Other manufacturing industries Musical instruments and parts * 0 * *7. 1.1* 1*1* * * * * Nondurable Goods , 0, FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products, Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk.: Canned, cured, and frozen foods Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods... Canned food, except sea foods Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds for animals and fowls... Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar Confectionery and related products Confectionery products Beverages Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills. Women's hosiery; except socks Hosiery, nee. Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills. Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods, lto. 7..1* , I O * 1*1* l*.1* * 7-7 1* * 7. 8.O *- 8I.1 7.1, I I *-.1* *.1* * l*.o. 1 * 8.O 1* * ^. 8I 1* H 188. A * * * 1* 1* 7. 7> * 7. 1*0.0 1* I I.* 0. W 8O. 7. 1, ' 1, * * I O ?.O See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary. -81 O-8-

50 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry.-continued (In thousands) SIC Code Industry Ifer. 1Q8 All employees 1Q8 Production workers ,8 1, 1,, 1, ,,7, , , 8, 1, ,, Nondurable Goods Continued APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS.. Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear... Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women s ano misses suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments... Women's and children' s underwear Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel Misc. fabricated textile products Housefurnishings PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes... Corrugated and solid fiber boxes PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Commercial pri nting Commercial printing, ex. lithographic... Commercial printing, lithographic Blankbooks and bookbinding Other publishing & printing ind CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial chemicals Alkalies and chlorine Industrial organic chemicals, nee.. Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee. Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete & mixing only.. Other chemical products PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS. Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, N E C... Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastics products LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber 1,,-7, Other leather products. 17 j Handbags and personal leather goods 1, I8 1 L, L, , , ,00.0 LO U , D , , I O See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary. 1,7.!1,.,, 1 1,, 71 8, 1, 80., 78, i.o 08.1 ^ 1, : O O 1,00. I.O U IO , I I O , I , ii.o I.O I8.O ,

51 B-: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry-continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT (In thousands) Industry All employees Production workers' Apr; TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES,7,0,,17, RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION Class I railroads LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation Taxicabs Intercity highway transportation * 7. 8O M "8. TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Public warehousing TRANSPORTATION BY AIR Air transportation PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION OTHER TRANSPORTATION AND SERVICES... COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Telegraph communication- Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES.. Electric companies and systems Gas companies and systems Combination companies and systems Water, steam, & sanitary systems WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles & automotive equipment... Drugs, chemicals, and allied products... Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware; plumbing & heating equipment.. Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous wholesalers RETAIL TRADE RETAIL GENERAL MERCHANDISE Department stores Mail order houses Variety stores, FOOD STORES Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES Men's & boys' clothing & furnishings Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES Furniture and home furnishings... EATING AND DRINKING PLACES OTHER RETAIL TRADE Building materials and farm equipment.... Automotive dealers & service stations... Motor vehicle dealers Other automotive & accessory dealers... Gasoline service stations Miscellaneous retail stores Drug stores and proprietary stores Farm and garden supply stores Fuel and ice dealers 1,00,01 10,101 1, , ,778, ,08. 10,18 1,7 1,0.0 1, 1,7. 8. lfcl ,10.1,. 7 1, ,18 if 10. 1, ,71, ,10, 10,8 1,. 1, U 1.1 1, 1, ,, 1, ,1... See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary ,1, ,188.,1 1, 1,1. H 0 1,77.1 1, ,10.,18. 1,0 7^. 0 1,1. 7. IO , ,, ,188,8 1, 1, ,7 1, ,07,17. 1.^ 1, ^ 1, ,0,01, o.l 1,1, ,01,1 1,80 1, ,0 1,8.1 1.: lt 1 8.^,0.i«,80. 8.S * O.O L,1, ,01,10 1,70. 1, ,10. 1, ,008., M-,7, ,000 8,8 1,7 1, , 1, ,00., ? O 18 1* 7.,88,^ ,00 8,18 1,7 S? 0-1, 1, ,8.1,

52 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry-continued Industry (In thousands) All employees Production workers 1 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE*.,. Banking Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions Security* commodity brokers & services. Insurance carriers. Life insurance... Accident and health insurance... Fire, marine, and casualty insurance Insurance agents, brokers, and service. Real estate Operative builders Other finance, insurance, & real estate.,0 SERVICES 10,1* Hotels and other lodging places Hotels, tourist courts, and motels Personal services Laundries and dry cleaning plants Miscellaneous business services Advertising.. Credit reporting and collection Motion pictures Motion picture filming & distributing... Motion picture theaters and services.... Medical and other health services, Hospitals Legal services Educational services... Elementary and secondary schools Colleges and universities Miscellaneous services Engineering & architectural services.... Nonprofit research agencies _ 1,0 - -,7 1,1 - _ - - _ GOVERNMENT. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1,08 Executive Department of Defense. Post Office Department Other agencies Legislative... Judicial,71 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT,* State government State education Other State government Local government... Local education Other local government,07 88*. *- 10 I * * ** 8 10, ,01 ^*0. 1, *8.* 1*.,8 l,l*. 0 1, *. 1,17,,*. 1, I 7.,*77,1*. 1,00. 1,** 7,07,08.,.1, * *1-7 1* 8 10,1* ,01.0 1, *7-10,. 1,0 0. 1, , 7^.,8* 7,8 1,1,7, 1, lf.O 7.,.,8. 8. l,iflf0. 7,000.1* M8.,10,181 8*8.0 to.* 18* 17. *. 7 *. 78., 7 1 1,00.0 1, * *7. 1.1,8 1, ,0.1 *.* * ,0. 1,100.1* 8,7. 8,01,1*0 1,*18.,0.0,771.*,788.,17 8*.. I8 1*..1 **.* 7.* *.1 $,817 * ,01. l,8*.l.i 17 *7. 1.,7.1 1,0. 1*-7 1,0.* * *.* 01.* 7,*,, 1, **... 8,88,-* 18 1,*1*.,,77.1,77.0,8, O. * *. * Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in contract construction: and to nonsupervisory workers in wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; transportation and public utilities; and services. Transportation and public utilities, and services are included in Total Private but are not shown separately in this table *.0,0 7. 7* *. Beginning January 1, data relate to railroads with operating revenues of $,000,000 or more. ^ Data for nonsupervisory workers exclude messengers. ^Data for nonoffice salesmen excluded from nonsupervisory count for all series in this division. Prepared by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Data relate to civilian employment only and exclude Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies. Not available. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary. 1* ~0.,7 70*.l O , O 78. * L.0

53 B-: Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES SIC Code Industry Number (in thousands) January Percent of total employment October Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment January Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment 10,1 1, 18 TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR. MINING METAL MWING COAL MINING OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum and natural gas fields... Oil and gas field services,88 18, , 18, ,87 18, NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS.. Crushed and broken stone Sand and gravel CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS... HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Highway and street construction Heavy construction, nee SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating Electrical work Masonry stonework, and plastering Roofing and sheet metal work MANUFACTURING , , , ,,,- 0-,-1 DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS,,07 0 8,,1 0,, Durable Goods ,,,, ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms Complete guided missiles Sighting and fire control equipment... Other ordnance and accessories , LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logging camps, & logging contractors... Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general... Millwork, plywood, & related products.... Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates Miscellaneous wood products , FURNITURE AND FIXTURES. Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Mattresses and bedsp'rings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures Other furniture and fixtures , 1 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown... Glass containers Pressed and blown glass nee Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, andplaster products... Other stone and nonmetallic mineral product: Abrasive products

54 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-: Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued January October January sic Code Industry Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment Durable Goods-Continued 1 1 1, 1 7 1, 1 1 1,, 1, 1, 1 7 8, ,, 1, PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products... Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating.. Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products Iron and steel forgings FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric... Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods.. Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Metal services, nee Misc, fabricated wire products, Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings... MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee Farm machinery Construction and related machinery. Construction and mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails... Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Special dies, tools, jigs & fixtures Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery. Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery, Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings... Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers. Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery Misc. machinery, except electrical. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Electrical test & distributing equipment... Electric measuring instruments Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus , ' f>

55 B-: Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES sic Code Industry Number (in thousands) January Percent of total employment October Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment January Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment Durable Goods- Continued 1 1, , ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES-Continued Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans.. Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies Engine electrical equipment , , TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment , ,8, , 0, 07 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS... Engineering & scientific instruments Mechanical measuring & control devices Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES- Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls, & play vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee... Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries Musical instruments and parts Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk.. Canned, cured, and frozen foods Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods Canned food, except sea foods Frozen fruits and vegetables , 8 7., 1., 1,, 17.., 0., 7., 7, ,., 1., 77,, > 1.. 0, , 1 8, 7,

56 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-: Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued sic Code Industry January Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment October Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) January Percent of total employment Nondurable Goods Continued FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS-- Continued Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products.... Prepared feeds for animals and fowls.. Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar Confectionery and related products Confectionery products Beverages Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars * ^ i TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool. Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks. Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Textile finishing, except wool... Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods ^ ,8 1, 1,, 1,? APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS.. Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear... Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists. Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats... Women's and misses' outerwear, nee... Women's and children's undergarments... Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel... Misc. fabricated textile products Housefurnishings PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes... PRINTING AND PUBLISHING N ewspapers. Periodicals Books Commercial printing Commercial printing, ex. lithographic Commercial printing, lithographic... 1, A II , lll.l ? , O

57 B-: Women employees on nonagricuitural payrolls, by industry Continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES sic Code Industry January Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment October I7 Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment January Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment Nondurable Goods Continued 78 7,,7, , S , 8, 1, ,, 07 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING-Continued Blankbooks and bookbinding Other publishing & printing ind.. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial chemicals Alkalies and chlorines Industrial organic chemicals, nee Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods. Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete & mixing only Other chemical products PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS. Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC Tires, and inner tubes. Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastics products Q O ,8 17.,1 1.,0 1,.,8 k k k k.k ^ I ko , ,. 8,, ,,-7, , LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Other leather products Handbags and personal leather goods TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation Taxicabs Intercity highway transportation TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Public warehousing TRANSPORTATION BY AIR Air transportation 1.,8 k., ,0 k,, 8.,k,, <.1 k , 7,. 71, k 10 1 k ,, 1.,, ,.,, PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems Gas companies and systems Combination companies and systems Water, steam, & sanitary systems - WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles & automotive equipment Drugs, chemicals, and allied products Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware; plumbing & heating equipment Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous wholesalers.....0, kk 0 k 18., O ,

58 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-: Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued sic Code Industry January Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment October Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment January- Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment ,, 1,, 1 8 RETAIL TRADE RETAIL GENERAL MERCHANDISE Department stores Mail order houses Variety stores FOOD STORES Grocery, meat, and vegetables stores APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES Men's & boys' clothing & furnishings Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES. Furniture and home furnishings EATING AND DRINKING PLACES OTHER RETAIL TRADE...., Building materials and farm equipment Automotive dealers & service stations Motor vehicle dealers Other automotive & accessory dealers Miscellaneous retail stores Drug stores and proprietary stores Farm and garden supply stores Fuel and ice dealers,01 1, , ,8 1, , ,7 1, , I 1.O O ,7 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE. Banking Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions Security, commodity brokers & services Insurance carriers Life insurance Accident and health insurance Fire, marine, and casualty insurance Insurance agents, brokers, and service Real estate Operative builders Other finance, insurance & real estate 1, , , O , SERVICES Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels, tourist courts, and motels.. Personal services., Laundries and dry cleaning plants..., Miscellaneous business services...., Advertising Credit reporting and collection... Motion pictures Motion picture filming & distributing. Motion picture theaters and services, Medical and other health services... Hospitals Legal services, Educational services, Elementary and secondary schools.., Colleges and universities Miscellaneous services, Engineering & architectural services. Nonprofit research agencies, ,0 1, , ,87. 1, , O ,8 1, GOVERNMENT,0,07,7 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. 8 70, STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT State government, State education Other State government,, , , Local government Local education Other local gove"rnment,, ,, ,178.,

59 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B-: Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted 17-=100 Year and month TOTAL Mining * * *0. 1*1. 1*. 1*0. 1**. 1*. 1. 1*7.»8 1*..< * I * - :..., May June July August... September October.. November. December. : January.. February. March *.* U. *.l.* U O 0 * * *.* -* * * lll.l * * ^ 17.* 1* 1*1.* 1 1** 1.* 1* 1 n.* $. n* n. 1 1 no * n in 1*.O n7.o 10. u.. n *.* O * 8O * * sa * * * 0.1. *7. * ** * *. 0 no. no.* in ni. n.i n.i no.o n8*. k. *? * *. 7. *. * **. *...O *.*. # 7 87.O * * 10* II. n.. n.* n * n7. n8.o Coo tract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities.1 8* 8.0.* * Q.k * * * *. 1 1O*.O 7-8.* * * 10* *. 10* Wholesale and retail trade * *0 * ** *8.* *. *.l.1 *.* * * kd.k * 7.*. 8.0 k. 7.O 7 8 8* 8* * 8.* 10 10* ni. H.k 1 1 1*. 1* * * * *. *... * no.i *.* * *.* 1*. 1* Retail.1 Cjr c ** 8* *.*.* *. 1O*.O in * 1.* * 1 10.* 10.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate * *.t *.a * *7.0 *8 *8.J *.O. 8.. *.. 7.* 0.* * Sh.S no. 7 n *.. 8 *0. * **. *- *7.* * *.0 *. * * **.* * *.* 0I 0.* I 8.I 87.O * in *.l - *. *l' 8..1 *0.1 ki. *i.i *0.* * kk.k * *7 *. 0.* * * 8*. Bh.j H n *8.0 1*. 1* 1*8. 1*8 1*. 1*8 1* *.1 Federal *.l...* *.O * o *.o io*.o *.l * 1.* 1 1*.1 1*. 1* Stare and local * *. *.0 0. *. * * *.* S *7. 18.O 1.O * 1 I.O 1*.* * NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1. Tins inclusion has resulted in an increase 0/ 1,000 (0. percent) in the nooagricultunl total or die March 1J benchmark month. Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

60 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B-: Employees on nonagrkultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Industry division and group Jan. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May TOTAL. 7,1 7,81 7,71 7, 17 7,1,18,,0,10,,0,, MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION,...,,,1, 17,,8,,8,,1,187, 1,7 MANUFACTURING 1,8 1,1 1, 1, 1,1 1, 1,. 1 1,1 1,18 1, 1 1,8 1,8 1,1 DURABLE GOODS,,0,,,,,1,1,1,18,8,8, Ordnance and accessories.... Lumber and wood products... Furniture and fixture a... Stone, clay, and glass products. Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical... Electrical equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ,0 1,7 1,8 1,1, ,87 1,8 1, 1,17, , 1, 1,1 1, 1, ,1 1,8 1, 1, 1, ,0,8 7, ,8 1, 1,80 1,1 1, ,7 1, 1, 1,8 1, , 1, 1 1, 1,88 1, ,81 1, 1,7 1,1 1, ,80 1, 0 1, 1,88: 1, , 1,7 1,7 1,87 1, , 1,8 1,7 1,0 1, , 0 1, 1,7 1,1 1,1 NONDURABLE GOODS 8, 1 8, 10 8, 100 8, 07 8,0 8, 08 8,0 7, 7,7 7,1 8,000 7, 8,00 Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products... Petroleum and coal products.... Rubber and plastics products, nee Leather*and leather products... 1, ,0 1 1,081 1, , ,1 1,078 1, , , 1,071 1,0 1 1,77 8 1,8 1 1,070 1, , ,7 0 1,07.1 1, , ,8 87 1,0 1,00 1 1,78 8 1,8 8 1,0 1, , ,77 8 1,0 1,71 8 1, , , T 7 8 1, , , 88 1, , , 7 1, , ,0 80 1, TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES,1, 1,18,,0,87,1,,8,,,7,1 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. 1,080 1, 1,0 1,1 1,870 1,00 1,77 1,71 1, 1,7 1,8 1,0 1,7 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE..,8 10,, 10,7,0 10,0,0 10,0,8 10,7,0 10,8,7 10,0, 10,1, 10,0, 10,0, 10,0, 10, 00, 10,07 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE,, 0,1,08,0,0,70,,,,7,0, 1 SERVICES Hotels and other lodging places. Personal services. Medical and other health services Educational services 10, 10, 10,07 10,8 10, 10,7 71 1, 07,0 1, ,01,1 1, ,0,77 1, 70 1,0,8 1, ,0,0 1,0 7 1,00, 1, 0 10,1 70 1,07,01 1,07 10,11 1,0,8 1,0 10,10 1, 0,71 1,0 10,07 10,0 1,0,1 1,0 1 1,01, 1,0,87, , 01 1,0,1,88 1,08 1,0 GOVERNMENT 1,01 1,0 1,08,78,888,8,7,8,71,,,,7 FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL,718, 7,71, 7,71,0,71,7,708, 180,8,18,71,0,71 8,,7 8,7,7 8,10,77 8,88,8 8,8,88 8,787 NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

61 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT Major industry group B-: Production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Jan. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May MANUFACTURING. 1, 1,17 1, 1, 1,17 1,78 1,0 1,00 1, 1,0 1,170 1,17 1, DURABLE GOODS.. 8, 8,07 8,18 8, 8,L 8, 8,08 8,01 8, 8,170 8,0 8, 8,8 Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures ! Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries.. i,oi 1,0 1,00 1,0 1,00 1,01 1,00 1,00 1,0 1,0 1,07 1,0 1,0 Fabricated metal products.. 1,08 1,07 1,0 1,0 1,08 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,08 1,01 1,08 1,01 1,0 Machinery, except electrical. 1,1 1, 1, 1,7 1, 1,7 1, 1, 1,7 1,8 1,7 1,7 1,80 Kl.ectri.cal equipment and supplies... 1,8 1,87 1, 1, 1, 1,8 1,70 1,0 1,0 1, 1,1 1,8 1,8 Transportation equipment. 1,1 1,17 1,1 1,08 1,8 1,80 1,8 1,7 1,10 1, 1,77 1,1 1,7 Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. ** NONDURABLE GOODS..,018,010,008,7,00,8,1,1,8,88,0,8,7 Food and kindred products... 1,18 1,18 1,180 1,18 1,10 1,188 1,18 1,17 1,18 1,18 1,01 1,1 1,1 Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products. 1, 1,7 1,1 1,1 1, 1,1 1, 1,18 1, 1,0 1, 1, 1, Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee Leather and leather products NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

62 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and area Mining Ifar. Contract construction Manufacturing ALABAMA.. Birmingham. Huntsville.. Mobile Montgomery. Tuscaloosa. U ^ (l).* ALASKA k.q.1 ARIZONA. Phoenix. Tucson k ARKANSAS Fayetteville Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock. Pine Bluff. 1*0. ^ CALIFORNIA Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach Oxnard-Ventura Sacramento.. San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontai San Diego San Francisco-Oakland.... San Jose..,. Santa Barbara Santa Rosa Stockton Vallejo-Napa,. 8.1* , , I, , ,17 80., , I,lk o * H , ll+.l 1, , ll.l 1.0 Denver CONNECTICUT Bridgeport... Hartford New Britain New Haven Stamford Waterbury.O 17-1, I+. Il 1, ,0.1+ 1* I * DELAWARE Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Washington SMSA.O 1,00 1, O FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood *. Jacksonville * Miami Orlando Pensacola.. Tampa-St. Petersburg ' West Palm Beach.. GEORGIA Atlanta 1, ,1+0. 1, , , _ ,.1* 7.fi.1 \ )..1 \ ) C 10.? 8. l! * See footnotes at end of table. MOTE: Data for the current aonth are preliminary.

63 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division (In.thousands) Transportation and public utilities 18. (l) (l) ll.l o8 8. 1» i.o I lh Wholesale and retail trade ) , , Ilo7.O , % 1o ' Finance, insurance, (l) (l) (l) ll.l. 8. l.l » I l.l o lol O i!o Services 1 [i] a) , , , I I 7 Maro 1o , O Government 1 1) , O (l) , «>7.0 1, I l Digitized for FRASER

64 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and area Mining Contract construction Manufacturing GEORGIA (continued) Augusta Columbus Macon Savannah... 81*.l k.1* 1*.O 1*..1* l*.l 1*.O ^1 1..1* HAWAII.. Honolulu l* 0^ I * 1. ll IDAHO. Boise, 18 k.k * *.. k 10 1 ILLINOIS.., Chicago 7....,... Chicago-Northwestern Indiana, Davenport-Rock Island-Moline., Peoria Rockford,,0 1) I) 1),8,. h h M,8, l*.l 1.. 1) *...k. 1.O , 8 (l) (l) (l) 1, ,^ ,08 1* I ' 0 1 INDIANA Evansville.... Fort Wayne. Gary-Hammond-East Chicago'.. Indianapolis.... Muncie..... South Bend... Terre Haute 1, o 1*00 1* ^7 1,7 8o l*. * 1,78.1* 8 IO * l*. 0.1* I7 I 7 l*.l* 1 1 * 7-1*. 1 1 * 7 * l*.l* 1 1. * 70 1* l 70-1* 10 1* ll*.o S ' IOWA..... Cedar Rapids Des Moines... Sioux City Waterloo k..1 1*0.1 1*8 81*7. U. 8 1*8 8*..^ 1*.0!.1 k. l.l* >*. l*. * * k * O - * KANSAS Topeka. Wichita * * *8. 1* *.k 7.. ll* 8.1* ** 8.k *.1* 8.1*.1 KENTUCKY Lexington Louisville 8 7.O O 0* I 8.: 1* 1*.O 1 1** - 1 1* I+ 7 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge... Lake Charges. Monroe New Orleans Shreveport 1,0.1 10l*. 1+*. 7.1* 88 1, l*. 1* * 8..1* 1 k 18. 1* * k * I 17. k MAINE Lewis ton-auburn. Portland Ol* * O. ll*.o 1 ll*. # kk MARYLAND Baltimore 1, * 1,181* 7 1,*8 7^ * l*.l* 7.1 0l* * ke k$ 0 1 ; MASSACHUSETTS Boston Brockton Fall River Lawrence-Haverhill Lowell New Bedford Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke.., Worcester,10+ k.k 1*1* * ,Ol*. 1,0. 1*.1 ^ * ,088 1,18.1* 1*. 7 1* ) ) ) ) 7 1* * * *. 7. i*i*.o * *0. 0.1*.0 7* 1*.1* * * **. * See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for tiie current aonth are preli»inary.

65 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division--continued (In thousands) Transportation public utilit I and es I I * Wholesale and retail trade I ) l) l) 1) I7.I 1.O O » Mir * , Finance, insurance, and real estate O -. 7.O Services ) 1) 1) 1) o O Q ll.l O »l Government l.l » * o O o l O-8- Digitized for FRASER

66 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousand?) State and area Mining Manufacturing MICHIGAN Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City Detroit. Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Muskegon-Muskegon Heights.. Saginaw,87^ ,^ O» 8.1, , ,80.. 1, O , , O , MINNESOTA Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul 1,1 7 1, ,1, MISSISSIPPI Jackson MISSOURI Kansas City St. Joseph St. Louis Springfield jmontana Billings Great Falls NEBRASKA Lincoln. Omaha NEVADA Las Vegas Reno NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester 1,0 1* *8. 1, 1* , I 8.O NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Jersey City ^ Newark. Paterson-Clifton-Passaic... Perth Amboy ^.. Trenton... NEW MEXICO Albuquerque, ll., , S o o NEW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy... Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Monroe County Nassau and Suffolk Counties New York-Northeastem New Jersey New York SMSA New York City Rochester Rockland County^1 Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County See footnotes at end of table., *8 7 1*,8,8, , ,,,8 o ,78.O s,8,, : 7 NOTE: Data for Uie current month are preliminary , ,7 1, , ,7 1, if*. 7. 1, ,770. 1,

67 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division Continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities O , Io 7.1 * «l *1-8..O I , Wholesale and retail trade I , , c o 17<> o IO IO08 7 I o I,7o , I « o8 17* * 1^ , , Finance, insurance, and real estate " U » o 1.. «. 10. o oo o» 18. 0I » o Services o Ilo 7»o , , * O , , * ( I <> 0 * o , , Government P \.d O , ( mc , o f. Q o.y '. 7.0.O o « , i Digitized for FRASER

68 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and area NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte... Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Poin Raleigh 1,8-17.'. 1, l*l*. 1,0 1l* Mining 0. Contract construction * * *. 10.1* 1* Manufacturing * - 1 * NORTH DAKOTA. Fargo-Moorhead. * 7- ll*. 7. li* OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland... Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown-Warren., 1* *,. 181., * S, 18,0.. 1l*. 1*1* l * *.O O.O ll* *. 1,1* * , * , OKLAHOMA... Oklahoma City. Tulsa ll* l* * 7 1* OREGON. Eugene.. Portland. Salem.. 1*7. 1*.. 1* * 1*.. 0 1* 8. ll* * 7 i < C 1 : ^ PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton... Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh.. Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre >Hazleton York RHODE ISLAND Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick.. l*,li*7.l* 0 1* , *7.1, , l*.l,08. 01*. 1*1* ,, 81, ill*, 7.. 1*1. 1.1* 7. l.l* i*.l* 8.1* l*.o l*.l* *. 8 7 * lid * 1,.1 10 li* 1* 8 l* * 17. *. 1, 10. h 1 1* * * ll*l* 1, I 1 < o hi SOUTH CAROLINA. Charleston Columbia * hi..1*.1.1 1*..1.0 li* IOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls * ll* 1 1 U hi h& TENNESSEE... Chattanooga... Knoxville.... Memphis..... Nashville.. 1, 8.0 * l*. 0 1,1. 8. * l*l* 0 1, *. 0l*..I* * h *1* * ' 1 EXAS Amarillo Austin. Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange Corpus Christi,,- 1 *,1. ioi*. ioi* 10l* * * S footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current onth are preliminary.

69 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division.-continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities * *7o ^ * i **.O , o. k k.* o8 o Wholesale and retail trade 8 o * 1.* * o * * O * o. * * lo 1 8.k 7*7 1.0» * 8. 7* Finance, insurance, and real estate <, k *.O 1 8. ^ *. * *. 1.* * * o l*d o -7 * ^ -* 1 1 & * » *. * * Services O 10. *0.* I 1.* * 17.1 oo o * * *0. oo *» *. 7. d I 7.* * Government O I8lo * «, * 1 1* O *o * 1.* * * * *7 8 * 0 1 Digitized for FRASER

70 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and area TEXAS (continued) Dallas El Paso Fort Worth Galveston-Texas City. Houston Lubbock San Antonio.. Waco Wichita Falls.... UTAH Salt Lake City VERMONT Burlington 1 Springfield 1 VIRGINIA... Lynchburg. Newport News-Hampton Norfolk-Portsmouth... Richmond Roanoke WASHINGTON. Seattle-Everett Spokane Tacoma.. WEST VIRGINIA Charleston... Huntington-Ashland... Wheeling , , k. 7 7 ^ , , I.I 1 1 1, , ; (.1 Mining S..1 ' [ [ woutmct construction * ,0 1 Manufacturing * I WISCONSIN. Green Bay. Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee.. Racine. WYOMING Casper Cheyenne 1, , o , k, I] ) Not available. Combined with services. Combined with construction. Federal employment in the Maryland and Virginia sectors of the Washington Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is included in data for the District of Columbia. Series revised to I7 benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data. See area definitions at end of annual average tables for new geographic coverage. 7 Area included in Chicago-Northwestern Indiana Standard Consolidated Area. 8 Combined with manufacturing. Area included in New York-Northeastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. 10 Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 1 Initial inclusion in this publication. 1 Total includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. Services excludes agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

71 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division.-continued (In thousands) Transportation public utilit 1^ * and les Wholes Mar IO , ale and retail trade « Finance, insurance, and real estate o « o i!o '.. 1+ «Services O « o d 180. o.i lo , H Government Iol c 8.O Io. Io 1 o. o8 o cl o o 7.? Digitized for FRASER

72 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS C-1: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, 17 to date Year and month Average weekly»arnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Total private «Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Manufacturing Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Durable goods Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Nondurable goods 1*7 1*8. 1* , * I * : May June July August... September. October. November. December.. : January... February.. March $*-8 1*.00 0.* *. 7 70,71* 788 8O * * * 10l* ioi*.o 10i*.i* 10l*. 1*0. 1*0.0.* * $1, 7 * I 1* 8 * 7 1* * 7 $* * *7 70.1* * * 1*0 1*. 1* lli* *0.1* 1* *0. 1*0. *0 1*0.. l«) 1*0.1*. l»0. 1*0.1* 1*0. 1*0 1* 1* 1*0. 1*0. 1*0.1* 1*0. 1*0. 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1* 1*0.0 1*0. 1*0. 1*0.1 $1, *1*0 * 8 1 * * I* $. 7. * 8.1* ** * * *1* *0. 1*0.1*.* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1*0.1 1* 1* 1*0.. 1*0 1*0.1 1*0. 1*0 1* 1** 1* 1* 1* 1*0 1* 1* 1*0 1* 1* 1** 1* 1* 1*0 1* 1* 1*0 $1,78 l.* 1 I. 0 8 * * * 1* $1*.0 1* *8 8 7.I *.H O l*.l* 8.1* O*. 10l*.ll* * * *0.1 1*0... 1*0.0 1*0.1 1*0.1 1* $1* 0 1*7 *1* * * Year and month Mining Contract construction Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Sfc:::::::: 1* * i * :. Jfey... June.. July August... September. October... November. December.. : January... February.. March $* *.ll * 8..O *1* * n*.i* 7* *.1 1*.O 1. 1A 18.1* * *0,8.* * *0 1*0 1* *0. 1*0.1* 1*0. 1*0 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1*. 1* *- 1** 1* 1+ 1* 1* 1** 1* 1* 1* $* 1^ H* 0 * *7 1 1* * 1* 1* 0 0 $ * *1 1* * * 1*.1 *7. *.* *0 1* 1* 1 1* * * 7. 7 o\ $*1 1 I 8.* *1 0 8 *.O *.O *.O *.08 *.10 *.18 *.1 *.1 *.* *. *. *. *. $8.07 1*00 * **. *7 * *8.0 *.* * * *.1 8*.1 8.* * 8 8*.* 8*.l 80 1*0. *0.* *0. 1*0. *0. 1*0.0...* * 7.*...1..* $0* l.*0 l.*7 * 0 1 I * $*1 *.*8 *7. 0. * * * 7.1* * 8* * * :1 $* M> l.* I8 * I 7 0.* *For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1.- Data for the most recent months are preliminary. Digitized for FRASER

73 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry sic Code Industry TOTAL PRIVATE... $10 Average weekly earnings $10 $10 p $.1 war. $. $ Average hourly earnings $7 $ $ $ ,1 1 1, MINING M ETAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores COAL MINING Bituminous coal and lignite mining... OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum and natural gas fields. Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS Crushed and broken stone ,,, - 0-,-1 :0NTRACT CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS. HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS. Highway and street construction Heavy construction, nee.. SP.ECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning... Painting, paper hanging, decorating... Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering... Roofing and sheetmetal work MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS. NONDURABLE GOODS Durable Goods , U lto ! ,,,, 1 1 1, 1 1 1, ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms.. Complete guided missiles Sighting and fire control equipment.. Other ordnance and accessories... LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general. Millwork, plywood & related products. Millwork Veneer and plywood. Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates.. Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture- Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures Other furniture and fixtures STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS 1 Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 1 Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products 1 Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products. 7 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 8, Other stone and nonmetallic mineral products 1 Abrasive products * Hl II HO ,7 8.OI i.ll, See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary. 1, , H IO JL7 1 1,_ i I

74 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry sic Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours p TvLar. TOTAL PRIVATE ,1 1 1, MINING METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores COAL MIMING Bituminous coal and lignite mining.. OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum and natural gas fields Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS Crushed and broken stone ,,, - 0-,-1 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS.. HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Highway and street construction Heavy construction, nee SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning.. Painting, paper hanging, decorating.. Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering.. Roofing and sheet metal work MANUFACTURING.. DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS Durable Goods ,,,, 1 1 1, 1 1 1, ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms.. Complete guided missiles... Sighting and fire control equipment.. Other ordnance and accessories"... LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Miliwork, plywood & related products. Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates... Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture... Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures Other furniture and fixtures ' _ , 1 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS-. Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass,, nee Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile.... Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum and plaster products Other stone and nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products I I See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

75 (*) (*) ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C--. Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry Continued sic Code Industry Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings Durable Goods Continued 1 1 1, 1 7 1, 1 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products.. Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Nonferrous rolling and drawing... Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing. Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products... Iron and steel forgings $17.1 (*) 18 (*) (*) 1 10 $ $:1.. 1c 1, $ $ $ (*) 7 $ $ $ ,, 1, 1, 1 7 8,8 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and hand tools, incl.saws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric... Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods. Heating equipment, except electric... Fabricated structural metal products... Fabricated structural.steel Metal doors, sash, and trim. Fabricated plate work (boiler shops).. Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work... Screw machine products, bolts, etc... Screw machine products - Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Metal services, nee Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings (*) (*) , , % ,, 1, MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines... Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, n e c... '. Farm machinery Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery... Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails.. Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types... Special dies, tools, jigs & fixtures.. Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery Misc. machinery, except electrical See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

76 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-s Gross hours and earnings of production workers/ by industry Continued sic Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours Durable Goods-Continued 1 1 1, 1 7 1, 1 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products.. Blast furnaces and steel mills... Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries.... Nonferrous metals Nonferrous rolling and drawing... Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating. Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products... Iron and steel forgings.. (*) , ,, 1, 1, 1 7 8,8 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware. Cutlery and hand toois, incl. saws.-... Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric... Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods. Heating equipment, except electric... Fabricated structural metal products.... Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work.... Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products. Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Metal services, nee Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings 0 (*) ,, 1, MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee... Farm machinery Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery... Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails.. Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types.... Special dies, tools, jigs, & fixtures... Machine tool accessories.. Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery Misc. machinery, except electrical _ _. See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

77 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, by industry Continued Industry 108 Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings Durable Goods Continued ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES... Electric test & distributing equipment... Electric measuring instruments Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers... Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment... Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus... Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories.. Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies... Engine electrical equipment $ (*) $.^ U i.ll 107 $ * IOI t $ Hl U.1. $ IOI * OI 107 $ (*) $ , $ , $ l 7,8 1 $ , 0 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies, Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories... Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing... Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment, Other transportation equipment 17. (*) 1^ $.0 10 IO k Ik ,00 0 (*) k 8.k 0 8 M ^ M 0 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS. Engineering & scientific instruments... Mechanical measuring & control devices. Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies. Photographic equipment and supplies... Watches, clocks, and watchcases MISa MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES... Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware;... Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls & play vehicles... Sporting and athletic goods, nee... Pens, pencils, office and art supplies... Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries Musical instruments and parts * IOI () H8 18 II k ^ * -k H k IO ^ 0 (*) 8 8 0, k A , , Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats... Poultry dressing plants HO k k See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

78 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers,' by industry Continued sic Code Industry Average weekly hours 1-8 Average overtime hours Durable Goods--C.ontinu.ed , ** , ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES. Electric test & distributing equipment.. Electric measuring instruments Transformers.. Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers.. Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment.. Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus... Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories.. Electron tubes Other electronic components. Misc. electrical equipment & supplies... Engine electrical equipment (*)' , , , , TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories.. Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts... Other aircraft parts and equipment... Ship and boat building and repairing... Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing. Railroad equipment. Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.. Engineering & scientific instruments... Mechanical measuring & control devices. Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies.... Watches, clocks, and watch cases 0 (*) (*) " O ,8, MISC. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES... Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Toys and sporting goods: Games, toys, dolls, & play vehicles... Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies... Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries Musical instruments and parts O. 1. Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats... Poultry dressing plants See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

79 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers/ by industry Continued Industry Average weekly earnings tfer. Average hourly earnings!fer. Nondurable Goods Continued FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS-Continued Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk Canned, cured, and frozen foods Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods... Canned food, except sea foods Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products... Prepared feeds for animals and fowls... Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar Confectionery and related products Confectionery products Beverages Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear.. Men's and boys' separate trousers.. Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists.. Women's and misses' dresrses Women's and misses' suits and coats.. Women's and misses' outerwear, n e e. Women's and children's undergarments. Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses... Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel. Misc. fabricated textile products Housefurnishings PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... Paper and pulp mills paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes $7. 1% (*_) HO J $ O ^ B OI no.d 108 $ HO HO See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary. $ ta> ^ O $0. U i7.ll , *??? OO TJL $ $ fcs $ , I $ $ Mi

80 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry Continued Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours Nondurable Goods Continued FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS-Continued Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk Canned, cured, and frozen foods... Canned, cured and frozen sea foods. Canned food, except sea foods Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill product.. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products... Cookies and crackers Sugar Confectionery and related products... Confectionery products Beverages. Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes ; Cigars TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers... Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments. Women's and children's underwear... Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel.. Misc. fabricated textile products Housefumishings PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products. Bags, except textile bags 7TT Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes... ( ) _8 o. 8! ~7 8."o i ^ o.o 7 * , B.*.I ^ h fc~. ^ \ T1. See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary. -81 O-8-

81 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry Continued SIC Code Industry Nondurable Goods-Continued 108 Average weekly earnings 1Q8 Average hourly earnings Teb ,,7, , , 8, 1, ,, ,,-7, 17 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals. Books Commercial printing Commercial printing, ex. lithographic Commercial printing, lithographic... Blankbooks and bookbinding Other publishing & printing ind CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. Industrial chemicals Alkalies and chlorine Industrial organic chemicals, nee. Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee. Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs... Pharmaceutical preparations.- Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents. Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete & mixing only. Other chemical products PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS... Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products... RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, N E C Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastics products... LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS. Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Other leather products Handbags and personal leather goods.. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: $ H $ * * * $ $1.i.0 $ ? ^ $ ~8 (*) -7-8 (*) 8 $- 8 0 \% * 0 0 ^ $O ^ $ > ^ ts 1 1 $ 1, ? 7 ^ \% 8 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads (*) (*) (*) (*) 7 1 LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT: Local and suburban transportation... Intercity highway transportation H TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Public warehousing PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees^.. Line construction employees Telegraph communication Radio and television broadcasting... ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems... Gas companies and systems Combination companies and systems.. Water, steam & sanitary systems <* U IH Hl See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

82 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry-continued sic Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours Nondurable Goods--Continued ,,7, , , 8, 1, 0 G1 0,, ,,-7, 17 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals. Books Commercial printing Commercial printing, ex. lithographic Commercial printing, lithographic... Blankbooks and bookbinding Other publishing & printing ind CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.. Industrial chemicals Alkalies and chlorine Industrial organic chemicals, nee... Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee. Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins... Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods.... Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete & mixing only.. Other chemical products PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC.. Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastics products LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing. Footwear, except rubber. Other leather products Handbags and personal leather goods * (*) * 1*0. 8 1* (*) * 1* * in. 1* 1* ^ * * * tt 8.. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads (*) ^ LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT: Local and suburban transportation... Intercity highway transportation TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING. Public warehousing PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION.. COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees... Line construction employees Telegraph communication Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems Gas companies and systems Combination companies and systems... Water, steam, & sanitary systems 1* * ,..1 1* ^7. 0 1*0. See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

83 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry-continued sic Code ,, 1,, Industry WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE $ WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles & automotive equipment Drugs, chemicals, and allied products. Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware; plumbing & heating equipment Machinery, equipment, and supplies... Miscellaneous wholesalers 1 RETAIL TRADE...j 7* Retail general merchandise Department stores Mail order houses Variety stores Food stores Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores.. Apparel and accessory stores Men's & boys' clothing & furnishings. Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores Furniture and home furnishings stores.. Furniture and home furnishings Eating and drinking places Other retail trade Building materials and farm equipment Motor vehicle dealers Other automotive & accessory dealers. Drug stores and proprietary stores... Fuel and ice dealers FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE Banking, Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Security, commodity brokers & services.. Insurance carriers Life insurance ;... Accident and health insurance Fire, marine, and casualty insurance.. SERVICES: Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels, tourist courts, and motels... Personal Services: Laundries and dry cleaning plants Motion pictures: Motion picture filming & distributing.. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary. Average weekly earnings 1 $8l*.l * * * ** 1* HO 100.1* l* * (*) $8l*.l* lll*. 10 Ii7.ll 70.1* *.O * 8*. ni*.i 7.7 OD.< O ,8 101* <*) $ * * * I 7*.*8 1* * *81* * l*. 1*.1 1*-77 $80 UA^ 10. OJ * 7. 1*8.* 7* 7A * * *1* 10l*.i*. 81* *1* 10 10* * 101 $7 - _ $ ^ 8 * 0 1 Average hourly earnings *1* *7 0 l* * (*) $ 1.H.H *?* * * 0 * * 1 7 (*) $ 1 1* 1* * I7 1* 8 1* * * * * 1 $ 1* 0 1 1* * I7 I 8 *7 1* 7 I * 7 0 1*

84 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry-continued sic Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours ,, 1,, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles & automotive equipment. Drugs, chemicals, and allied products... Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware; plumbing & heating equipment Machinery, equipment, and supplies... Miscellaneous wholesalers RETAIL TRADE Retail general merchandise. Department stores Mail order houses Variety stores Food stores Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores... Apparel and accessory stores Men's & boys' clothing & furnishings. Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores Furniture and home furnishings stores.. Furniture and home furnishings Eating and drinking places Other retail trade Building materials and farm equipment Motor vehicle dealers Other automotive & accessory dealers. Drug stores and proprietary stores ;.. Fuel and ice dealers FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE? Banking Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Security, commodity brokers & services. Insurance carriers Life insurance Accident and health insurance. Fire,marine, and casualty insurance.. SERVICES: Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels, tourist courts, and motels... Personal Services: Laundries & dry cleaning plants Motion pictures: Motion picture filming & distributing.,. Si 1:1 1*0.0 0.* *0. &U o.o as I * For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-. Beginning January 1, data relate to railroads with operating revenues of $,000,000 or more. September : $1., $, 7, and. 7 - October : $10. 1, $., and - November : $1. 8, $. 1, and. 8. Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators; service assistants; operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. In 1, such employees made up percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craftsmen, installation and exchange repair craftsmen, line, cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. In 1, such employees made up percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. Data relate to nonsupervisory employees except messengers. Money payments only; tips, not included. 7 Data for nonoffice salesmen excluded from all series in this division. * Not available. ** Radio and TV Receiving Equipment - corrected data for January : $., $. 0, and 8.1. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

85 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Item Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (1=100): Average weekly earnings.. Average hourly earnings... Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (1=100): Average weekly earnings.. Average hourly earnings... Total employment Average weekly hours Average.overtime hours... Indexes (1=100): Average weekly earnings... Average hourly earnings... Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (1=100): Average weekly earnings... Average hourly earnings... C-: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government Jan., ,0 1* r (Employment in thousands includes both supervisory and nonsupervisory employees),. 10 1,0 1* U 8.O 8... Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. Ju*y June May, ,07. 1* *:, ,10 1* , m.i 1,10 1* H,7. EXECUTIVE BRANCH 10 10, , DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 1, , ,1. 1,1 1,1. 1*0.1 1* POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT OTHER AGENCIES , , , , , * , , , *. 10 8T NOTE: Averages presented in this table have been computed using data collected by the U.S. Civil Service Commission from all agencies of the executive branch of the Federal Governmei the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid wage-board employees. Since these averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers, both supervisory and nonsupervisory, they are not comparable to similar data presented in table C- which relate only to production or nonsupervisory workers. C-: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry MANUFACTURING. DURABLE GOODS. Major industry group Ordnance and accessories. Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products. Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies.... Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. $ NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products. Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products... Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee. Leather and leather products $ Average hourly earnings excluding overtime $ ^Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. Not available as average overtime rates are significantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data for the group in the nondurable goods total has little NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary. $ l.? I * 0 1

86 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 17- dollars Gross average elcly earnings Worker with no dependents Spendable average weekly earnings Worker with three dependents Max. TOTAL PRIVATE: Current dollars dollars... $ $ $. 8 $8. 7 $8 78 $8 71 $ 777 $ 77 $ MINING: Current dollars. 17- dollars U CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION: Current dollars 17- dollars IIO MANUFACTURING: Current dollars dollars WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE: Current dollars 17- dollars FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: Current dollars, 17- dollars IOO *For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. TOTAL MINING C-: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours and payrolls in industrial and construction activities 1 Industry CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING = Man-hours DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries I I NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee Leather and leather products H U H Payrolls H8. H MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING NOTE: Data foi lanufai efer to produc nths are prelin and related worker;

87 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS C-7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers' on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted Industry Jan. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May TOTAL PRIVATE MINING..... CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING. Overtime hours DURABLE GOODS. Overtime hours. Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS. Overtime hours.... Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products,n e c.. Leather and leather products WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

88 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-8: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activities 1 seasonally adjusted Industry Jan. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May TOTAL..., MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS ( Food and kindred products i Tobacco manufactures , Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products < Paper and allied products Ol. :.1.. Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee Leather and leather products 'For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, data relate to construction workers. NOTE: Data for the most recent months are preliminary.

89 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-; Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas ALABAMA.. Birmingham Mobile.... State and area Average weekly *fer. $ $ alngs $. *. 8. ll* 1* 1*0.1* e weekly hours 1*0. 1* 1* 1*0.!*o8 1* Average hourly earnings Maro I j $ $ 1 $7 7 ALASKA... I *8 8.1* 7.1* 1*. ARIZONA Phoenix. Tucson. ARKANSAS Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock Pine Bluff 1 10 H** llkl.0 8.1* * *1 8. 1*0. 1*0 1*.1 8 1*0. 1* 1*0. 1*0 1* 1*0.0. 1*0. 1* 1* 1* 1* 1*0.1. 1*0 0 * l* CALIFORNIA Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove.. Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach Oxnard-Ventura Sacramento San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario.. San Diego San Francisco-Oakland San Jose Santa Barbara Santa Rosa Stockton. : Vallejo-Napa COLORADO. Denver... 1, 1,,8 18, 1,8 1 1^ M<? ,, ikh. ll+l ^. -1 ll* ^ Ill*.l 1.1 1l*o * * *1* *1 1.1* * II ^ *0 1*0.1* 7 1*0 1*.1 1*0 1*0.. 1* * 1*0 1*0. 1*0 1*0.1* 7 i*0«7 1*0.0 1*0. 1*0.. 1*0 8.1* * 8 1*0. 1*0. 1*0. 1** 1*0. 8.1* 1* *0. 1+lcO * 1* * * * * * * * 1 7 l* CONNECTICUT. Bridgeport Hartford.... New Britain... New Haven..., Stamford.... Waterbury * 1.1* *0 1l* * * 1* 1** 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 0 1 l* 0 1* 0 1* DELAWARE. Wilmington. +1* l* 1*0.1* 1*0. 1*0 8 0 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington SMSA FLORIDA d Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood. Jacksonville Miami Orlando Pensacola. Tampa-St. Petersburg West Palm Beach * *1* 10l* o *1* 10^ 01 8 * I 1*0 I*lo. 1*0. 1*0. 1* 1* 1* - 1*.1} 1* 1+ i*i*.o 1* 1** 1*. * * * *8 8. 1* * GEORGIA. Atlanta.. Savannah. II7.I *1* 87.I* *0.1* 8 1* 1*0..1 1** 1*0. 8 1* 0 I* 8 1* HAWAII IDAHO IO8.7 1*0.. 1*0.1 1 ILLINOIS Chicago Davenport-Rock Island-Moline 1.10 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary **0 1l*.l 1. *1*. 71* 1*0.1* 1*0. 1*0. 1*0. 1* 1** kl l* *

90 C-: ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Gross hours and earnings of production.workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued State and ares Averag B weekly earnings Maro Aver a e weekly hours Average» hourly e trnlngs """"MarT" ILLINOIS-(Continued) Peoria Rockford $1* 1 $1*8 1.0 *0.* * * * $-7 $o*l 0 INDIANA Indianapolis $1 18 1*.1 1*.* 1*.** *0. *0 *0 *0. *0 $7 8 7 IOWA Cedar Rapids Des Moines 18.* *.* *0. * *0.0 *0. * *0.* *0 * - 7 * 7.*0 8 KANSAS Topeka Wichita *8 1.IO o80 * * * * * * * *lo * * * KENTUCKY Louisville * 1.* 1.07 IOI8 7. * LOUISIANA, Baton Rouge... New Orleans, Shreveport, 10. 1*08 1* * ** * * *0. * * * * * * *, *0. * *.*7 * * * 1 * 1 MAINE Lewis ton-auburn Portland. 8 -^ *ol7 * *0 7o8 *0.1 * 8. *0. *0 *0 7.*8.*8 1 MARYLAND... Baltimore *.** 8.1 *0.* *o. *0. *0o8 *0.* *0. o0 1 MASSACHUSETTS... Boston Brockton Fall River Lawrence-Haverhill Lowell New Bedford Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke Worcester MICHIGAN,. Ann Arbor Battle Creek... Bay City.. Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Muskegon-Muskegon Heights Saginaw MINNESOTA. Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul MISSISSIPPI Jackson *O. 7.* * 18.** *.* 1*0. 17* l* *.** ** * 18.0 I7. 18.* *0 1. 1*.00 1.* 1 II U.10 1*.* * 1*.1* *0 8 *0.1. *0ol 7.. *0.0.1 *0. * *.l * * **.o * *0. 7 * * - * * *0. *1.* *0 *0. *0.. *0.* *0.0. *0 *0. * * * **.* 8. *0..0 * * *0. * *. *1.* *0.* *0.1.* *0. * *0* *.* *0..0 * *0.0 * *0.1 * *0o * *0. *0 0 0 * 1.* 8 7 * -* 7 * * * 8 * 0 * ** 8 *.ll 7 8 * * 8 8 *.*8 0.*0 * 7 0 MISSOURI Kansas City. St. Louis * (l). 8 *0. * * * MONTANA *0..0. NEBRASKA Omaha.0 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary * *1.* kl'.l * * 7 8

91 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-: Gross hours and earnings of production.workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued NEVADA... State and area I8 $17 weekly earning: $1 $18 8 e weekly hours. 8. $ $8 $8 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Manchester NEW JERSEY.. Atlantic City Jersey City Newark Paterson-Clifton-Passaic Perth Amboy... Trenton. NEW MEXICO Albuquerque IIO o o. o. 0 o o o. 8. o o o NEW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira.. Monroe County Nassau and Suffolk Counties.. New York-Northeastern New Jersey. New York SMSA New York City Rochester Rockland County Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County i 1 ) l.o o 0. l.o o l.o o. o NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte... Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point Raleigh. NORTH DAKOTA Fargo-Moorhead o o.l o OHIO Akron.. Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton.. Toledo Youngstown-Warren. OKLAHOMA.... Oklahoma City. Tulsa l.l o l OREGON.. Eugene.. Portland l.i PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton. Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh. Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton York IO o.l o.. 7. o.i.1.1 o o RHODE ISLAND Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. 10 IOI o. i.o

92 C-: ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Gross hours and earnings of production.workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued SOUTH CAROLINA, Charleston Greenville, State and area $ * age weekly i $81* alngs 8 1** 1+ h 1++ i+i #.i 1*0 1* 1+ Average hourly earni $7 * $l* 8 SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls... TENNESSEE. Chattanooga. Knoxville^.. Memphis.. Nashville ^..1* ^ * * l+l+" * 1*8. 1*0. 1*0. 0 *0 1* 1* 8 l* 8 * * TEXAS Amarillo Austin Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Fort Worth Galveston-Texas City Houston. Lubbock. San Antonio Waco Wichita Falls *...'.' UTAH. Salt Lake City... 8, ^ * * * * I7 1.1 ^. 0 10^ 1* *1 87 ll*7.l* ^ * *0.1* 1* 1* 1* 7-1* **.^ 1*0 1* 1* 1* * 1** ^ 1* 1* 1*0 1*0. 1*0. 1* 1 *1* ^ *1* l* VERMONT Burlington Springfield l * 7.^ 1* 1** 1* M. 1* Hi. 1* 1* ^ 0 *0 1 1 VIRGINIA Lynchburg... Norfolk-Portsmouth. Richmond Roanoke WASHINGTON.. Seattle-Everett Spokane Tacoma *0 18. * 0 ^. 1* * 18.1 ll*o IOO *0 10 ll* l*.1 1* 1* 1** 1*0.1 1* 1*0.0 1*0 8. 1* 1* ^ 1*0.1* 1* 1* *0.1* 1* 1*0. 1* 1*0.^ 8.1 0* 8 8.^ *0 * l* 1* 8 +0 * WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Huntington-Ashland Wheeling. *0 *.1* 100 Il*ol0 i.ll 8.1* *0. 1* 1*0.1 1*0.1 1*0.1* 1* 1*0.. I0I 8. 1 *1* 8 0 WISCONSIN. Green Bay Kenosha.. La Crosse Madison.. Milwaukee Racine WYOMING. Casper kh * ^ 17.1* l* I+.I+ 1 1^ 18 1* ^ 8.1*. 1*0.1* 1*0. 1*0. 7 1*0.1 1*0 1* 8. 1*0. 1*0. 1*0.1* * H. 1*0 1* 1* 1* 1* *0 * inot available. See area definitions at end of annual average tables for new geographic coverage. Revised series; not strictly comparable with previously published data. Area included in New York-Northeastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 7 Initial inclusion in this publication. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE? Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

93 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-1: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing 18 to date (Per 100 employees) Jan. May June July Aug. Sept. Dec. Annual are rage.o k..1 Total accessions c p.m- U k k.1 c c «1 T..0. «y -.1 I, J.O Q C New hires.. -1 Total separations Quits 1T.^ Layoffs l.l beginning with January 1, transfers between establishments of the same firm are included in total accessions and total separations, therefore rates for these items are not strictly comparable with prior data. Transfers comprise part of other accessions and other separations, che rates for which are not shown separately. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1. This inclusion has not significantly affected the labor turnover series. Data for the current month are preliminary.

94 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-t Labor turnover rates, by industry SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Separation rates Quits Layoffs MANUFACTURING ,,,- DURABLE GOODS. 0-,-1 NONDURABLE GOODS Durable Goods 1 1 1,,,, ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms... Sighting and fire control equipment... Other ordnance and accessories ' , n 1 1 1, LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Sawmills and planing mills. Sawmills and planing mills, general Millwork, plywood & related products. Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates.. Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.... Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture... Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS.. Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee... Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products. Abrasive products , 1 7 1, 1 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products.. Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries... Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing, Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing, and insulatin Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings.' Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products... Iron and steel forgings ( ). ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ). 8 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

95 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D- : Labor turnover rates, by industry-continued (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Separation rates SIC Code Industry i?eb. I jvlar. r eb. TeB, Quits Jb'eb. Layoffs Jb'eb.' Durable Goods Continued 1 1,, 1, 1, 8,8 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural steel Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Architectural and misc. metal work. J Screw machine products, bolts, etc Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings 8. 0 ( ). 0 a ( ) ( ) a ( ) () ,, 1 -, MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee Farm machinery Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tool accessories... Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings Power transmission equipment, Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery (M , , ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Electric test & distributing equipment. Electric measuring instruments Transformers. Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment.. Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus. Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies Engine electrical equipment. 1 O ( ) ( ). ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) O ( ). ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

96 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-: Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates New hires jviar. I Total Separation rates Quits Layoffs Durable Goods-Continued , , TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine.parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment ft ft ( ) ) ) 8. 1 ) ) , INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering & scientific instruments Mechanical measuring & control devices.... Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases ( ) ( ). 1 ( ) ( ) ,8, MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls, & play vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS.. Meat products. Meat packing plants Poultry dressing plants Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products.. Cookies and crackers Confectionery and related products... Confectionery products Beverages Malt liquors. ( ) ( ).. 1. ( ) ( ) TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars ( l ). See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. -81 O - 8-7

97 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-: Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Separation rates Quits j Layoffs Nondurable Goods--Continued TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit underwear mills Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats "... Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear.... Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and children's undergarments..... Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes PRINTING AND PUBLISHING. 1 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... Industrial chemicals Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs." Pharmaceutical preparations^ Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods. Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Other chemical products PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC. Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastics products See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

98 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-: Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Separation rates Quits Layoffs Nondurable Goods -Continued 1 1 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber NONMANUFACTURING ,1 1 METAL MINING- Iron ores... Copper ores. COAL MINING Bituminous coal and lignite mining ( l ) COMMUNICATION: Telephone communication. Telegraph communication. 1 Less than Not available. Data relate to all employees except messengers. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary D-: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by sex and major industry Major industry group January Total accession Men (per 100 men) Separations Quits Women (per 100 women) Total accessions Separations Quits MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS. 1 Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures. Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products.. Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment Instruments and related products.. ; Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastic products, nee. Leather and leather products ^These figures are based on a slightly smaller sample than those i data for women. tables D-l and D-, inasmuch as some firms do not report separate

99 ESTABLISHMENT DATA 100 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER D-: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 18 to date seasonally adjusted (Per 100 employees). May June July Aug. Sept. Oct I Total accessions U.1, *.1.1 1&T: 1.. i k New hires s - - Total separations x i ^ k.k v0 Quits i o l.l 8^ 1.. i Layoffs,1 ^Beginning with January 1, transfers between establishments of the same firm are included in total accessions and total separations, therefore rates for these items an not strictly comparable with prior data. Transfers comprise part of other accessions and other separations, the rates for which are not shown separately. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1. This inclusion has not significantly affected the labor turnover series. Data for the current month are preliminary.

100 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER D-: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas State and area (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Total New hires Jan. Jan. Total Jan. Separation rates Quits Jan. Layoffs ALABAMA: Mobile^ ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS Little Rock-North Little Rock Pine Bluff CALIFORNIA^ COLORADO Denver. CONNFCTICUT.1 CO CO H * * DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: OJ H O OJ ON Q 0 «7..1 FT ORIDA GFORGIA HAWAII » IDAHO.1 ILLINOIS: Chicago INDIANA ^ - - *7 1*7 1*7 7 IOWA KANSAS Topeka KFNTUCKY U.0 vo 00 0 CO H -d. (7). LOUISIANA: New Orleans 8 MAINE Portland MARYLAND Baltimore See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

101 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER D-: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas Continued State and area Jan* (Per 100 employees) Jan. Jan. Sepa Jan. Layoffs MASSACHUSETTS.. Boston... - k. k MICHIGAN Detroit l.k MINNESOTA Duluth-Superior... Minneapolis-St. Paul. k.k..1.k k. k k.. MISSISSIPPI: Jackson. k..1 * -0 MISSOURI... Kansas City. St. Louis... MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE k.l k. k.l k. -.k k. k.q k.k -0.1 k.l Io7 1-.k l.k 7 l.k. NEW JERSEY: Jersey City Newark Paterson-Clifton-Passaic. Perth Amboy Trenton NEW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Monroe County" Nassau and Suffolk Counties 10 New York SMSA New York City Rochester Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County... NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte.. Greensboro-High Point.. NORTH DAKOTA. Fargo-Moorhead. OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown-Warren. * k.o.k k.i.k.k k.l k..k k.l k. k. k. k. k.o k. k..k... k. k.k k. -1 k.k k.k.k k.k.k k..k l.k.u k.l k.l.k.k.k k.k -k.k.k k. k.l l.k k.l k..k k.o k.l k. k. k. k.q - k. k.l k.q k..1.. k.l k.k.. l!8 l.k l.k l.k l.k l.u l.l 1- l.k 1-1- l.k l.k 1- l.k 1- l.k. 1-..k l.l. l.k (7).if. OKLAHOMA: Oklahoma City. Tulsa k..1.1 k. k.l k. k.o k k.k k. Portland 1 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. k -k k.l k. k.q k. 1-

102 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER D-: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas Continued State and area (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Jan. Jan. Jan. I8 Separation rates Suits Jan. PENNSYLVANIA: Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton. Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton York ok.k k..1 k.q * 0. 7 RHODE ISLAND Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick SOUTH CAROLINA: Greenville SOUTH DAKOTA, Sioux Falls - oo.. TENNESSEE: Memphis... TEXAS 1... Dallas 1.. Fort Worth 1 Houston 1 San Antonio '* UTAH Salt Lake City VERMONT.. Burlington. Springfield VIRGINIA., Richmond,. « k.o «oo - *7.1 o8 oo oo WASHINGTON: Seattle-Everett* k.o *1 WEST VIRGINIA: Charleston WISCONSIN Milwaukee WYOMING... 1 Excludes canning and preserving. Not available. Excludes agricultural chemicals and miscellaneous manufacturing. Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams and jellies. Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar. Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers. 7 Less than Excludes printing and publishing. Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 10 Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment. 1 Excludes canning and preserving, sugar, and tobacco. 1 Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

103 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA E-l: Insured unemployment under State programs (Week Including the 1th of the month) Number (in thousands) Rate (percent of average covered employment) State March Jhange: to Apr March 1*7 March TOTAL 1.. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED. 1, , : *1> 1. 8 L 1, Alabama. Alaska.. Arizona.. Arkansas. California.. Colorado... Connecticut. Delaware... District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho.. Illinois. Indiana. Iowa... Kansas.. Kentucky. Louisiana Maine... Maryland Massachusetts Michigan... Minnesota... Mississippi Missouri.. Montana.. Nebraska.. Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey... New Mexico... New York North Carolina North Dakota. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania.. Puerto Rico.*?. Rhode Island. South Carolina South Dakota. Tennessee... Texas.. Utah... Vermont Virginia. Washington... West Virginia. Wisconsin.., Wyoming.. i, , , ** Based on unrounded data; changes of less than 0 not shown. 'include data under the program for Puerto Rico's sugarcane workers. as comparable covered employment data are not yet available , ' " A Rates exclude the sugarcane workers "Excludes insured unemployment under extended duration provisions of regular State laws. ** Revised

104 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA E-: Insured unemployment 1 in 10 major labor areas 1 (In thousands, for week including the 1th of the month) State and area March State and area March State and area March State and area ALABAMA Birmingham Mobile ARIZONA Phoenix ARKANSAS Little Rock... CALIFORNIA Anahelm-S,Ana- Garden Grove/ Fresno.,,.,.,. Los Angeles... Sacramento... San Bernardino. San Diego San Francisco. San Jose... Stockton... COLORADO Denver, CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford New Britain Stamford Waterbury... DELAWARE Wilmington DIST. OF COL. Washington FLORIDA Jacksonville... ft ft INDIANA Evansville Ft. Wayne Gary-Hammond.. Indianapolis South Bend Terre Haute... IOWA Cedar Rapids... DesMoines.*... KANSAS Wichita ;.. KENTUCKY Louisville LOUISIANA Baton Rouge... New Orleans... Shreveport MAINE Portland., MARYLAND Baltimore MASSACHUSETTS Boston Brockton Fall River Lawrence Lowell New Bedford... Springfield Worcester MICHIGAN Battle Creek... Detroit Flint Grand Rapids... Kalamazoo... Lansing Muskegon Saginaw 1. ft NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester NEW JERSEY Atlantic City... Jersey City Newark New Brunswick. Paterson NEW MEXICO Albuquerque... NEW YORK Albany Binghamton Buffalo... New York- Rochester., Syracuse.., Utica, NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte Durham Greensboro... Winston-Salem... OHIO Akron... Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Hamilton Lorain Steubenville... Toledo Youngs town... OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City. Tulsa Pennsylvaniacontinued York PUERTO RICO" May ague z,. Ponce San Juan RHODE ISLAND Providence SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Greenville TENNESSEE Chattanooga Knozville Memphis, Nashville, TEXAS Austin Beaumont... Corpus Christi, Dallas., El Paso Ft. Worth Houston, San Antonio... UTAH Salt Lake City. VIRGINIA Hampton Norfolk Richmond Roanoke ft GEORGIA Atlanta Augusta... Columbus... Macoo Savannah... HAWAII Honolulu... ILLINOIS Chicago... Davenport.. Peoria Rockford MINNESOTA Duluth Minneapolis... MISSISSIPPI Jackson MISSOURI Kansas City... St. Louis.. NEBRASKA Omaha 1 1. **1 7. OREGON Portland., PENNSYLVANIA Allentown Altoona Erie Harrisburg Lancaster Philadelphia... Pittsburgh... Reading Scran ton... Wilkes-Barre WASHINGTON Seattle, Spokane Tacoma, WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Huntington Wheeling... WISCONSIN Kenosha Madison Milwaukee Racine Insured jobless under State, Federal Employee, and Ex-Servicemen's unemployment Insurance programs. *Por f u l l name of labor area, see Area Trends In Employment and Unemployment published by the Bureau of Employment Security. Excludes insured unemployed under extended duration provisions of regular State laws. "Revised.

105 STATES and AREAS Annual Averages Employment - Hours - Earnings - Labor Turnover 1-7 Page 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division. «1 08. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas. 1 Area Definitions 1

106 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT 1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and area Mining Manufacturing ALABAMA.. Birmingham ^ Huntsville. t Mobile Montgomery. Tuscaloosa. ALASKA. ^ * O ll* * 0.1* 70. ) ) ) ) *. i 0. 1 i* *..k * I ARIZONA... Phoenix... Tucson..., 1*1* 8 l* 8I 1* !*.O 1. * 1. l* I+ **-. J ARKANSAS Fayetteville Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock 1 Pine Bluff 1*8. 1*.1 1*8.1* * 1* 10l*. 1* i* l* 1 * * ll+.l * r L 1 C 1 7 S C CALIFORNIA Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grov Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beacb, Oxnard-Ventura Sacramento San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontari San Diego San Francisco-Oakland San Jose Santa Barbara, Santa Rosa Stockton Vallejo-Napa COLORADO,* ^ ,7.* 78. 1* ,1 7 1* *. 1+1,* 1* ,0. 7.1* 1+* l»-. I*. 1,1 0l* * 7..,800. 8,1*80.1* *. 7 1,08* 7l*..1* 1+ 7l* 1+ 71*. 7. * l.* * *..1* l+.o * , * I+.I 1,* * l*.l 10..1* 1.1*.1+.1* 70 1, * * * 0.0 ^ CONNECTICUT Bridgeport... Hartford... New Britain.. New Haven.. Stamford,... Waterbury... 1,1. * * 1* ,0.1* ll* l*l+ li* l*.l 1,0 17.1* * () *. 1* * 0.. 1* * *C 1+1 DELAWARE Wilmington, l*.O O 1 10 ll+.o I DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington SMSA I+. 1,00. ^ * 7 l* * FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Jacksonville Miami Orlando Pensacola Tampa-St.Petersburg.... West Palm Beach GEORGIA Atlanta 1, *0- o! 8.I 1,81* 1, *. 8 1, 0. 1, k I * A * *7. H7 7 1*. 18 ll+.l 1+.1* 1 1*0. 1 l* ll*. 1* 1 1*0 10.1* See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for tiie current month are preliminary.

107 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities * * ^ ^ « a ll.l O 7o , Wholes ,8* o ale and reta , * trade , I8 o. 7* Fins a 1. o Io l» 8. 0 Io lol I mce, insurance, nd real.estate Io O Services O 17. 1, " O Io o7 1 1, * 7 1 H , Government ,70. * 80I * o ,1. 0. oo * 1, oO ,1..O Digitized for FRASER

108 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT 1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and area 1 1 Mining 1 1 Contract construction 1 1 Manufacturing Ik GEORGIA (continued) Augusta Columbus Macon Savannah HAWAII.. Honolulu. ILLINOIS Chicago... Chicago-Northwestern Indiana. Davenport-Rock Island-Moline. Peoria Rockford INDIANA Evansville... Fort Wayne Gary-Hammond-East Chicago Indianapolis.... Muncie South Bend Terre Haute. [OWA... Cedar Rapids Des Moines.. Sioux City... Waterloo ,00.,0,8. 1^ , ,077.,8, , O 177.,8,8, , o ) ) ) ) ) ) OJ OJ ' ; I7O.O * * I , 7 1, , 7 1, ,0 lo 1, O Topeka. Wichita S KENTUCKY. Lexington. Louisville k LOUISIANA. Baton Rouge. Lake Charles. 7 Monroe 8 New Orleans. Shreveport... Lewiston-Auburn. Portland 1, S *.C , ,1 7 1, ol MASSACHUSETTS. Boston Brockton Fall River Lawrence-Haverhill Lowell.. New Bedford Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke.... Worcester. See footnotes At end of table.,18. 1, ,0 1, o ,018 1, ! I NOTE: Data for Uie current month are preliminary. 87.1* 7.C o ^ &

109 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division.-continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities « i8 1c. 7 IO Wholesale and retail trade I I C ^ I O > « I « Finance, insurance, and real estate I 17 Q I oo 1., Io O Services l ! oo » o.o *7 n.o Government ^ ol o * I * O o l Digitized for FRASER

110 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT 1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and area 1 1 Mining 1 1 Contract construction 1 1 Manufacturing Ik 1! 1 0 MICHIGAN Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Muskegon-Muskegon Heights. Saginaw MINNESOTA Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul. MISSISSIPPI Jackson.. MISSOURI... Kansas City St. Joseph.. St. Louis.. Springfield. MONTANA.. Billings... Great Falls.,81*.1* 1,1*1.* *.0 l7*-7 1* ,00 <?k.k 7 8 1,0 1*8 87 1*. 18, , * 1* l,ll*. *.l 87.1* , 1* 8.1 1*7 18,7 8..* 7.1* L, 1* 1 1** 1*7.1* 1,08 1*1*. k 7. l,*7-7 1*1*. 8ll*. l*l* 18 1 ) ) ) ) ) 8.. () * 7 ().1 7. *...* * * *.. 7* l*l*.o 1 l.l 7 l.l* k.k 8 * * *1* i,ioi* * * 1. 1, * *1*.1* 17.* 10. * 1 l,o*., l* *. 7.1 * * NEBRASKA. Lincoln.. Omaha... NEVADA 0 Las Vegas 1 Reno... 1*1* * 87. *-7 * 181* * *1« * 80. 1*.1 ().*. (8) () i*.o i*.l k. 80..* k NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1* 1*8 1* l*l* 1 1* ' * NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Jersey City" Newark Paterson-Clifton-Passaic.... Perth Amboy Trenton... / * 78.1* l*l*. *. 1,.. 7**- 1*1*.1 1,.1*. 7 1* 1.1 ""..1*...1* lt 10.* *. 10..k 10. * 87.1* 10.1* * * * * 1*1 1* NEW MEXICO Albuquerque * * * kk 1*7 1*8 0 1 H 7 NEW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy... Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Monroe County Nassau and Suffolk Counties ' New York-Northeastem New Jersey New York SMSA New York City Rochester Rockland County Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County,8 10l*. 1+81*. l*. I.O 1*, 1*, 1*.0,. 1 81*., o l*7l*.l* ,8. l*,.1,18. 1*. 1* ,0.0 1* *«*.l* 0. 7,07*.* l*,i*o, * *..1 ) *. 1* 7. 1 k. 0. *. 1* * *. 1 10l* ll* *. 1. 1* * * ,81.. k *.: 18 1,7 1,08 81* 1*7. 1*. 7.I 1* 7 1,8*.. kl l.lt 18..O 1,7 l,10l* 8 ll*l.lj ll* * 7 1,88.1 * l*l* l*-. 1 1,7 1, I 1 1.O 8. 7 See footnotes at end of table. MOTE: Data for tiie current aonth are preliminary.

111 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division Continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities io. 7. oo o *.O o ^ o Wholesale and retail trade , , » O _ * , , , , Finance, insurance, and real estate oo ll.l i-t ^ I Services U , , O. 1, , / I , , Government O , I _ , O { Digitized for FRASER

112 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT 1: Employees on nonagriculturol payrolls (In thousands) State and area Mining Contract construction Manufacturing NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte... Greensboro-Winston-Salem-HighPok Raleigh 1,7 1- *0 1,*. 1*. I,*o ll.l 8. 1.* * **.O NORTH DAKOTA. Fargo-Moorhead. 1*-7 1*7. 1* OHIO. Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown-Warren.,1 * 1 * , *.O 8OO ,*.* 10.. * o k.k * * ** 7. * ,8. * *. 17.* 78 8 l,*0 ** 1 1 8*. 1*. 7 8.* 1, 8. 1.O 8.* Oklahoma City. Tulsa 707.I * *7 *.* * 0. ko.k * *. OREGON. Eugene.., Portland.. Salem.. * 1*.0. *. * * 0. 1 * * oo.* 1.* *.l 1. 1*. 18.* * 7 PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton. Altoona Erie, Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia.. Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton... York 1^18. 0 ** , * *,O7*. 0 ** , 8 ll*. 81.* *.*.1,1*. 17. * *. 7 L, 7.* 0.* 78. k *.* 181.* * *.l *. 18.* I 7. k.l *..* 1,7. 10.* 1* * * 1.*.1 1, 10 1*. * 8.. * 7.*. *.l 1.* 8. l,* *0.0 1.* *8. 8 *7.* RHODE ISLAND Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick... 8 *. 0.0 * *. lk. 1*. 17«8 1* ** SOUTH CAROLINA. *c *1 Greenville * * 8.* 100. *7.. * *..* *.O *- SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls * 0 1* * *.*. 1. TENNESSEE. Chattanooga. Knoxville.. Memphis... Nashville.. 1,1.* II8. 1*0.1 *7.* 0. 1,18. < , *.* 1 1.I *. 1.* 10 * 0 *7. *.1 *- *7 *. O * *. *-. Amarillo. Austin.. Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange Corpus Christi,70.*,10, * 01.* 188.* * *. * * *. * See footnotes at end of table. MOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

113 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division.-continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities l * * * ^7..I * O : V7..1 I ^ h * 10. -* : 1 o , * 1. * * Wholesale and retail trade 8 o. 1.I.O ^ * * <, O. 7*7.* 7 1.* * * 0 7 7*. 1 0o I * * 1.O Finance, insurance, and real estate. 10. Ilo. o 1.*.1 7 8o 7o *.O I 7 lo * * * * *.l *..* o7. *..* *- 1 7-* l.l 87..* Services I80o 1o W II8. 0 O * * * » * o7 1* * * » * * * Government * o0» o8 10O 17..* * *. 0.* 1.0 * ** ol 7.* * O 1 1, * *8 10. *. 0 oo I d * * * *7 8 * 0 1 a Digitized for FRASER

114 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT 1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) Mining Contract construction Manufacturing TEXAS (continued) Dallas El Paso Fort Worth Galveston-Texas City. Houston Lubbock San Antonio Waco Wichita Falls.... UTAH Salt Lake City 1 1 1* * I 1* l*.l. S.B * * 1* 7.1* * * 8.1* * 10 * 1*- 8.1 VERMONT Burlington 1 Springfield ** VIRGINIA Lynchburg Newport News-Hampton Norfolk-Portsmouth... Richmond Roanoke WASHINGTON Seattle-Everett Spokane... Tacoma WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Hun ting ton- Ashland... Wheeling. 1,8 vr ^. ll* 7 1, ek.e, 80.k 1, if * , k *1 7.I 8.1* 1* ll*. 88. k 1 1 l*.i*. k k. 1 1.^ k.. l*.l k l* k.. 1 ll*. k. h.k 1 k. l*,l O 1* Io7 1* *8.1* II k 7 8 WISCONSIN Green Bay Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee * Racine WYOMING Casper Cheyenne 1,-7 W.I ^. I ,; , 1* 7. A I ) ).0 l*.. k.. 1*..0. * 7.1* i ll* I ll* 0 8 1^ 00..I* 7.0 l.l* 1 Data for not comparable with earlier years because of change in area definition. (See definitions at end of tables.) Combined with services. Combined with construction. Federal employment in the Maryland and Virginia sectors of the Washington Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is included in data for the District of Columbia. Data for I not comparable with later years because of change in area definition. (See definitions at end of tables.) Area included in Chicago-Northwestern Indiana Standard Consolidated Area. 7 Data for I not strictly comparable with later years. 8 Combined with manufacturing. Area included in New York-Northeastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. 10 Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 1 Total includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. Services excludes agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

115 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division Continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities O Wholesale and retail trade O II IO o» O Finance, insurance, and real estate *8»l 1^. oo ' I 7 ' ^ 1. Io ^ *. Io Services o A Io lo Government o o oli fc * Q y Digitized for FRASER

116 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas State and area Average weekly earnings 1 1 e weekly hours ALABAMA.. Birmingham Mobile.... $ $. 1 $ $0 8 $o1 0 $o 1 ALASKA... I ARIZONA Phoenix Tucson ARKANSAS Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock 1 Pine Bluff l.o o 0 l.l.^ l.o 0.0 o 1 8 I I CALIFORNIA Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach Oxnard-Ventura Sacramento San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario San Diego San Francisco-Oakland San Jose Santa Barbara Santa Rosa Stockton Vallejo-Napa Ii7.ll io.oi 10. ifl OO i0.ll 0. o o o l.l o. l.o o. 0. o 0.0 l.o 0 o o COLORADO Denver CONNECTICUT. Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New Haven Stamford Waterbury l.o o h.q i.o DELAWARE Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington SMSA o.o FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood.... Jacksonville Miami Orlando Pensacola Tampa-St. Petersburg...."... West Palm Beach / ^ l.o l.l / / 8 GEORGIA Atlanta Savannah l HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS 1 1 Chicago 17.0 Davenport-Rock Island-Moline ll. See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current aonth are preliminary o.o l.o

117 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued State and area ratfe 1 1 e weekly hours 1 1 Average hourly earnings 1 1 ILLINOIS-(Continued) Peoria Rockford $ll* $178 1 $1.17 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* $*1* 1 $8 0 $ I* INDIANA Indianapolis * 1 1 1*0,7 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1 1* 1 IOWA Cedar Rapids Des Moines l*.ll* 1*0 1** 1*0.1 1* 1* 1*0. 1*0 1** 1!* KANSAS.... T/opeka Wichita i oi* 18.^ 1* *0 1* 1* 1* 1* l*l*.o 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* l* KENTUCKY Louisville ioi*.o 1l* *0 1* 1* 1* LOUISIANA Baton Rouge.... New Orleans Shreveport 1^ * * * 1*0 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1*0 1* 0 7 * 7 MAINE Lewis ton-auburn... Portland * * 8.0 1*0. 1*.1* 1*0. 1* 8. 1* MARYLAND. Baltimore 1*. 1.1* !* 1 1*0. 1*0. 1* 1* 1* 1* o8 MASSACHUSETTS... Boston Brockton Fall River Lawrence-Haverhill.... Lowell New Bedford Springfield-Chiccpee-Holyoke Worcester MICHIGAN. Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City... Detroit Flint Grand Rapids.. Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Muskegon-Muskegon Heights Saginaw, k Ul-8 A. *0. 1 1^ *0 *.1 1^8 *. 10l* *.l* 108. *.10 * * 1o08 *7-8I* 10 8!*.O ll* 7.1* * ll*0.l* 1 1* *8 1* * 1*0.1* 1* 1+0 1* 1* 1* 1* 1*. 1* 1* 1* 1* 1*0 1* * 1* 1* 1* 1** 1* kk.o 1* 1* 1* l*l*.l 1* 1* 1* 1*0. 1* * *1.** l*l*. 1* 1* 1*1* 1*. 1* 1** 1* 1*1*. 1* 1* I* *7 1* 1* 1* *0 I* * 0 8 * *0 * 1* *0 1 8 MINNESOTA. Duluth-Superior... Minneapolis-St. Paul *1* 8.1 1*. 1* 1*. 1* 1* 1* MISSISSIPPI Jackson 8 81* * *0 1*0 1* 1* 1* 1* 0 0 MISSOURI Kansas City. St. Louis ill*. 7. h *0. 1*0.1 1*0. 1*0 1* 1*0 1*0. 1* 1* MONTANA * *0. 1* 1 0 NEBRASKA Omaha k * 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 8 *7 7 *0 See footnotes at end of table. MOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

118 ESTABLISHMENT DATA 1? STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS : Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued State and area rage weekly earnisis. 1 1 Avera e weekly hours 1 1 Average hourly earnings 1 1 NEVADA. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Manchester.... $* 1.H8 8k.k $ $18 8k ko..0 kook kl.l. ko. $ o7 $8 k k $8 NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Jersey City Newark. Paterson-Clifton-Passaic Perth Amboy Trenton. NEW MEXICO Albuquerque k Il8k k k.k 8.k k o8k 7.1 ko.. ki.o ko ko ko ko. ko kl.. kl.l kl. kl.k k ko ko.l ko.l kl.o ko kl. kl.k kl ko. ko. ko. k 7 0 okl k 0 0 k.k k k 1 k 1.kl NEW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Monroe County Nassau and Suffolk Counties New York-Northeastern New Jersey. New York SMSA New York City Rochester Rockland County Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point. Raleigh NORTH DAKOTA Fargo-Moorhead. * llk.kk 1.1* 01* ^ ko k.k8 1 llkl k.k llk k 71 8k.kk 77 10ko ko k 107k , o"kl IOO kl.o ko. kl.k kl ko kl klo ko. ko 8 ko. ko.o kl.k.. ko. k0. kl. kl. k kl. k kl k kl.k kl. kl. ko.o kl.k kl 8.1 k ko.l kl.o kl.o k ko.k k k ko kl. ko.. kl. tell k ko o 7 k k.k ^8 8 l 8 8.k OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown-Warren. OKLAHOMA.... Oklahoma City. Tulsa OREGON.. Eugene.. Portland. 1*8 lh.k k 1k1 lk.o lkl k Ik 1 1.k 1okO 1k Ikok lok.7. 7»k 108 1k.k iko lko. 1 1k.k k kl. k ko. ko ki ko.k k.k k. ko ko. kl k.k k kl. k k ko k k k0 kl kl k.k kol7. k k ko k.k k ko k k ko k k k kl.o.k.k8 8 7 k 1.k k , kl 8 k k PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton. Altoona. Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia.. w Pittsburgh... * Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton... York IO k.Ok k IIO k 7k w8k llk. 108o kl k0 7.0 k0. k0. ko.k 8 k k0 -k k ko.k 7 kl kl.l ko ko k.k ko..^ k0. k ko. 8.1 kl. ko ko ko. 7.. k 8 0 k k kl 1 ok 7.k RHODE ISLAND Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick 0.k See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current Month are preliminary. « ko. ko. ko ko ko. ko.ko

119 : i ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Gross hours and earnings of production.workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued State and area Average weekly earnings 1 1 Aver a e weekly hours 1 1 Average hourly e trnlnds 1 1 SOUTH CAROLINA... Charleston Greenville $8 7 8 $8 8 $ i. q $7 8 $ $8 SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls TENNESSEE Chattanooga Knoxville.... Memphis Nashville IOO o o.o TEXAS.. Amarillo. Austin Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange... Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Fort Worth Galveston-Texas City Houston Lubbock.. San Antonio Waco Wichita Falls UTAH Salt Lake City... III o.l 0. 0o.0 l. 0 o.l l.l. o I I 0 7 VERMONT Burlington Springfield VIRGINIA.. Lynchburg. Norfolk-Portsmouth Richmond Roanoke WASHINGTON Seattle-Everett Spokane Tacoma o. o.l WEST VIRGINIA.. Charleston Huntington-Ashland Wheeling o.o o.o o o. 0o WISCONSIN Green Bay Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee 1 Racine o« WYOMING... Casper Data for not comparable with earlier years because of change in area definition. (See area definitions at end of tables.) * Not strictly comparable with later years. Area included in New York-Northeastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Data for I not comparable with later years because of change in area definition. (See area definitions at end of tables.) SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

120 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER : Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Separation rates Industry Total New hires Total Quits Layoffs ALABAMA: Birmingham Mobile * ALASKA o l.k ARIZONA Phoenix ARKANSAS Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock Pine Bluff k.k k. * k k k k. k.l - k. k CALIFORNIA 1 Los Angeles-Long Beach ^ COLORADO Denver...._ CONNECTICUT Hartford DELAWARE1 Wilmington 1 - k... k.o k. k.q -0 k.k LI *k ol k.q.1 k. k. k.o..1 k.k k. k..k 1,....1 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington SMSA.. FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Jacksonville Miami.. Orlando Pensacola Tampa-St. Petersburg West Palm Beach GEORGIA Atlanta. 7.. H l.k k. k.o. 7.0 k.l.. - k. k.l k k.l k.k. lok. 7.1 k.l. 7.1.k * l.k k. k.l.1.. HAWAII «IDAHO...0 k.k.0. ILLINOIS: Chicago. k.l k.i k. k k k.l INDIANA Indianapolis -7 k. k. k.o k.o k. k.l IOWA Cedar Rapids. Des Moines.. KANSAS. Topeka. Wichita. k.1 k.l. k.o. k.o k. k.o k. k.l k k. k. o k. k k.k.k k. k. k. k.l - k KENTUCKY. Louisville. k.k k. - LOUISIANA: New Orleans 7 MAINE. Portland. MARYLAND. Baltimore. 7.0 k..k k. k. k..k k. k. k.o k.1 k.k k.l k.l 0I k.l k.o 1-

121 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER : Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas Continued (Per 100 employees) Industry Accession rates Total New hires Separation rates Quits Layoffs MASSACHUSETTS... Boston k.k k.o <» MICHIGAN Detroit MINNESOTA Duluth-Superior... Minneapolis-St. Paul k. k.k..1 k. k.l k k.q.k - k.l k.k.1 *.1.1. MISSISSIPPI: Jackson MISSOURI. Kansas City St. Louis MONTANA.. NEBRASKA... NEVADA. NEW HAMPSHIRE... NEW JERSEY: Jersey City Newark Paterson-Clifton-Passaic Perth Amboy Trenton NEW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy... Binghamton Buffalo Elmira, Monroe County Nassau and Suffolk Counties New York SMSA New York City Rochester Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte Greensboro-High Point NORTH DAKOTA. Fargo-Moorhead. OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland. Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown-Warren. OKLAHOMA: Oklahoma City Tulsa *0.. * k. * k.l.k k.. k. k.. k.o k.k k. k.l k.o k. k.q k.l k.o k.l k. k. k. k.».k o0 *. k.k k. k. k.l k.l.k.k k.o -k.k -7 k.l k.k k. k.k.k.k. * ' o o» k.s k. 7 *,, :l k ».... o.1.. I08 LI l.l.. l.l OREGON 1 Portland e k.l

122 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER : Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas--continued (Per 100 employees) adust Accession rstes Total New hires Total 1 1 Separation rates Quits 1 1 1Layoffs 1 1 PENNSYLVANIA: Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Erie Philadelphia Wilkes-Barre""Hazleton.. York. RHODE ISLAND. k. tk k.q.0.1 *8 k. k..k.. *8 k..p «o? ^ k.q k * k. k. k....k k..k.k ^.1. k.o * k.. * l.k \\l 1^. -0. l.k. SOUTH CAROLINA: Greenville SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE: TEXAS Dallas Fort Worth Houston San Antonio... UTAH Salt Lake City VERMONT Springfield VIRGINIA * i+.o HOO VO t k. k. k.,? - *. 7.0 «7 k. ^.1 >CO OJ CM H OJ IA-* l> *0. k. ^. en en IA.=I >oo 00000! ^.k I1 k.k k.l k. k.o..u».* ?o8 CM CV OOO"?.k?* LA CO CM CO VO... H 00 H k WASHINGTON: Seattle-Everett^.,. k..1. k WEST VIRGINIA: Charleston WISCONSIN Milwaukee WYOMING CO VO I VO CM I CM CM CO CO.. 1 Excludes canning and preserving. Data for not strictly comparable with earlier years because of change in area definition. (See area definitions at end of tables.) Excludes agricultural chemicals and miscellaneous manufacturing. Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves," jams and jellies. Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar. Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers. 7 Excludes printing and publishing. 8 Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 10 Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment. Excludes canning and preserving, sugar, and tobacco. 1 Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

123 Area Definitions

124 CUea ALABAMA Birmingham Hunts ville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa ARIZONA Phoenix Tucson..Jefferson, Shelby, and Walker Counties (formerly limited to Jefferson County)..Limestone and Madison Counties.Baldwin and Mobile Counties..Elmore and Montgomery Counties..Tuscaloosa County..Maricopa County..Pima County Jacksonville Orlando Pensacola FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale- Tampa- St. Petersburg West Palm Beach..Broward County..Duval County..Dade County..Orange and Seminole Counties..Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties..Hillsborough and Pinellas Counties..Palm Beach County ARKANSAS Fayette ville Fort Smith Little Rock- N. Little Rock Pine Bluff..Washington County..Crawford and Sebastian Counties, Ark. ; LeFlore and Sequoyah Counties, Okla...Pulaski and Saline Counties (formerly excluded Saline County)..Jefferson County GEORGIA Atlanta Augusta Columbus Macon Savannah Clayton, Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, and Gwinnett Counties..Richmond County, Ga. ; Aiken County, S. C...Chattahoochee and Muscogee Counties, Ga. ; Russell County, Ala...Bibb and Houston Counties. Chatham County CALIFORNIA Anaheim-Santa Ana- Garden Grove.... Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles- Long Beach Oxnard- Ventura. Sacramento San Bernardino- Riverside- Ontario... San Francisco- Oakland San Jose Santa Barbara Santa Rosa Stockton Vallejo-Napa COLORADO Denver CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New Haven Stamford Waterbury.... DELAWARE Wilmington..Orange County.Kern County..Fresno County..Los Angeles County..Ventura County..Placer, Sacramento, and Yolo Counties..San Bernardino and Riverside Counties..San Diego County..Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties..Santa Clara County..Santa Barbara County..Sonoma County..San Joaquin County..Napa and Solano Counties..Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Denver, and Jefferson Counties..Bridgeport and Shelton cities, and Easton, Fairfield, Monroe, Stratford, and Trumbull towns in Fairfield County; Milford town in New Haven County..Hartford city, and Avon, Bloomfield, Canton, East Granby, East Hartford, East Windsor, Enfield, Farmington, Glastonbury, Granby, Manchester, Newington, Rocky Hill, Simsbury, South Windsor, Suffield, West Hartford, Wethersfield, Windsor, and Windsor Locks towns in Hartford County; Bolton, Ellington, Somers, Stafford, Tolland, and Vernon towns in Toliand County..New Britain city, and Berlin and Plainville towns in Hartford County..New Haven city, and Bethany, Branford, East Haven, Guilford, Hamden, Madison, North Branford, North Haven, Orange, West Haven, and Woodbridge towns in New Haven County..Stamford city, and Darien, Greenwich, and New Canaan towns in Fairfield County..Waterbury city, Naugatuck borough, and Beacon Falls, Cheshire, Middlebury, Prospect, Southbury, and Wolcott towns in New Haven County; Bethlehem, Thomaston, Water town, and Woodbury towns in Litchfield County..New Castle County, Del. ; Cecil County, Md. ; Salem County, N. J. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington SMSA..District of Columbia; Alexandria, Fairfax, and Falls Church cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William Counties, Va. ; Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties, Md. (employment prior to 1, hours and earnings prior to do not include Loudoun and Prince William Counties, Va.) HAWAII Honolulu.... IDAHO Boise ILLINOIS Chicago..Honolulu County..Ada County..Cook, Du Page, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will Counties Chicago- Northwestern Indiana..A Standard Consolidated Area comprised of Chicago, 1. SMSA and Gary- Hammond-East Chicago, Ind. SMSA Davenport-Rock Island- Moline Peoria Rockford.' INDIANA Fort Wayne Gary-Hammond- East Chicago Indianapolis Muncie South Bend Terre Haute IOWA Cedar Rapids Des Moines Sioux City Waterloo KANSAS Topeka. Wichita KENTUCKY LOUISIANA Lake Charle s New Orleans Shreveport..Henry and Rock Island Counties, 1. ; Scott County, Iowa..Peoria, Tazewell, and Woodford Counties..Boone and Winnebago Counties,.Vanderburgh and War rick Counties, Ind. ; Henderson County, Ky...Allen County..Lake and Porter Counties, Ind...Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Marion, Morgan, and Shelby Counties (hours and earnings, and labor turnover prior to do not include Boone County)..Delaware County..Marshall and St. Joseph Counties..Clay, Sullivan, Vermillion, and Vigo Counties..Linn County..Polk County..Woodbury County, Iowa; Dakota County, Neb...Black Hawk County.Shawnee County Butler and Sedgwick Counties..Fayette County,.Jefferson County, Ky. ; Clark and Floyd Counties, Ind...East Baton Rouge Parish..Calcasieu Parish..Ouachita Parish..Jefferson, Orleans, St. Bernard, and St. Tammany Parishes..Bossier and Caddo Parishes MAINE Lewiston-Auburn......Auburn and Lewiston cities, and Lisbon town in Androscoggin County Portland..Portland, South Portland, and Westbrook cities, and Cape Elizabeth, Cumberland, Falmouth, Gorham, Scarborough, and Yarmouth towns in Cumberland County

125 MARYLAND Baltimore..Baltimore city, and Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, and Howard Counties MISSISSIPPI..Hinds and Rankin Counties MASSACHUSETTS Brockton... Fall River. Lawrence-Haverhill.. Lowell New Bedford Springfield-Chicopee- Holyoke Worcester MICHIGAN Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City Detroit Flint Jackson Muskegon- Muskegon Heights.....Muskegon County Saginaw County MINNESOTA Du^uth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul...Suffolk County; Cambridge, Everett, Maiden, Medford, Melrose, Newton, Somerville, Waltham, and Woburn cities, and Arlington, Ashland, Bedford, Belmont, Burlington, Concord, Framingham, Lexington, Lincoln, Natick, North Reading, Reading, Sherborn, Stoneham, Sudbury, Wakefield, Watertown, Wayland, Weston, Wilmington, and Winchester towns in Middlesex County; Beverly, Lynn, Peabody, and Salem cities, anddanvers, Hamilton, Lynnfield, Manchester, Marblehead, Middleton, Nahant, Saugus, Swamp scott, Topsfield, and Wenham towns in Essex County; Quincy city, and Braintree, Brookline, Canton, Cohasset, Dedham, Dover, Holbrook, Medfield, Millis, Milton, Needham, Norfolk, Norwood, Randolph, Sharon, Walpole, Wellesley, Westwood, and Weymouth towns in Norfolk County; Duxbury, Hanover, Hingham, Hull, Marshfield, Norwell, Pembroke, Rockland, and Scituate towns in Plymouth County.Eastpn town in Bristol County; Avon and Stoughton towns in Norfolk County; Brockton city, and Abington, Bridgewater, East Bridgewater, Hanson, West Bridgewater, and Whitman towns in Plymouth County. Fall River city, and Somerset, Swansea, and Westport towns in Bristol County, Mass. ; Tiverton town in Newport County R. I...Lawrence and Haverhill cities, and Andover, Georgetown, Grove land, Merrimac, Methuen, North Andover, and West Newbury towns in Essex County, Mass. Newton, Plaistow, and Salem towns in Rockingham County, N. H..Lowell city, and Billerica, Chelmsford, Dracut, Tewksbury, Tyngsborough, and Westford towns in Middlesex County.New Bedford city, and Acushnet, Dartmouth, and Fairhaven towns in Bristol County; Marion and Mattapoisett towns in Plymouth County..Chicopee, Holyoke, Springfield, and Westfield cities, and Agawam, East Longmeadow, Hampden, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Monson, Palmer, Southwick, West Springfield, and Wilbraham towns in Hampden County; Northampton city, and Easthampton, Granby, Hadley, and South Hadley towns in Hampshire County; Warren town in Worcester County.Worcester city, and Auburn, Berlin, Boylston, Brookfield, East Brookfield, Grafton, Holden, Leicester, Millbury, Northborough, Northbridge, North Brookfield, Oxford, Paxton, Shrewsbury, Spencer, Sterling, Sutton, Upton, Westborough, and West Boylston towns in Worcester County Washtenaw County', Calhoun County..Bay County Macomb, Oakland, and Wayne Counties..Genesee and Lapeer Counties..Kent and Ottawa Counties..Jackson County..Kalamazoo County.Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties..Duluth city, Minn.; Douglas County, Wis...Anoka, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, and Washington Counties MISSOURI Kansas City St. Louis Springfield MONTANA Billings Great Falls NEBRASKA Lincoln Omaha NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Jersey City Newark Paterson- Clifton- Passaic Perth Amboy Trenton NEW MEXICO NEW YORK Albany- Schenectady- Troy Buffalo Monroe County Nassau and Suffolk..Johnson and Wyandotte Counties, Kans. ; Cass, Clay, Jackson, and Platte Counties, Mo...Buchanan County..St. Louis city, and Franklin, Jefferson, St. Charles, and St. Louis Counties, Mo. ; Madison and St. Clair Counties, 1...Greene County..Yellowstone County..Cascade County.Lancaster County..Douglas and Sarpy Counties, Nebr. ; Pottawattamie County, Iowa.Clark County; Beatty Township in Nye County..Washoe County..Manchester city, and Bedford and Goffstown towns in Hillsborough County; Hooksett town in Merrimack County,.Atlantic County..Hudson County..Essex, Morris, and Union Counties..Bergen and Passaic Counties..Middlesex and Somerset Counties..Mercer County..Bernalillo County..Albany, Rensselaer, Saratoga, and Schenectady Counties..Broome and Tioga Counties, N. Y. ; Susquehanna County, Pa..Erie and Niagara Counties.Chemung County..Monroe County..Nassau and Suffolk Counties New York-Northeastern New Jersey..A Standard Consolidated Area comprised of New York, No Y. SMSA; Newark, N. J. SMSA; Jersey City, N. J. SMSA; Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, N. J. SMSA; and the Perth Amboy, N. J. area New York SMSA..New York City, and Nassau, Rockland, Suffolk, and Westchester Counties New York City..Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, and Richmond Counties Counties..Rockland County Syracuse..Madison, Onondaga, and Oswego Counties Utica-Rome..Herkimer and Oneida Counties Westchester County....Westchester County NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte. Greensboro Wins ton- Salem-High Point... Raleigh NORTH DAKOTA Fargo-Moorhead,...Cass County, N. D. ; Clay County, Minn. OHIO..Buncombe County..Mecklenburg and Union Counties..Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, and Yadkin Counties (labor turnover _ Guilford County),.Wake County..Portage and Summit Counties,.Stark County..Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties, Ohio; Boone, Campbell, and Kenton Counties, Ky. ; Dearborn County, Ind.

126 OHIO- - Continued Cleveland Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, and Medina Counties Columbus Delaware, Franklin, and Pickaway Counties Dayton Greene, Miami, Montgomery, and Preble Counties Toledo. Lucas and Wood Counties, Ohio; Monroe County, Mich. Youngstown-Warren....Mahoning and Trumbull Counties OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City.....Canadian, Cleveland, and Oklahoma Counties Tulsa Creek, Osage, and Tulsa Counties OREGON Eugene Portland Salem Lane County Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington Counties, Oreg. ; Clark County, Wash. Marion and Polk Counties PENNSYLVANIA Allentown- Bethlehem- Easton. Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pa. ; Warren County, N.J. Altoona.Blair County Erie Erie County Harrisburg Cumberland, Dauphin, and Perry Counties Johnstown.Cambria and Somerset Counties Lancaster Lancaster County Philadelphia...Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pa. ; Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, N.J. Pittsburgh Allegheny, Beaver, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties Reading Berks County Scranton Lackawanna County Wilkes-Barre-- Hazleton Luzerne County York Adams and York Counties RHODE ISLAND Providence-Pawtucket- Warwick Central Falls, Cranston, East Providence, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket cities, and Burrillville, Cumberland, Foster, Glocester, Johnston, Lincoln, North Providence, North Smithfield, Scituate, and Smithfield towns in Providence County; Exeter, Narragansett, North Kingstown, and South Kingstown towns in Washington County; Warwick city, and Coventry, East Greenwich, West Greenwich, and West Warwick towns in Kent County; Jamestown and New Shoreham towns in Newport County; Bristol County, R. I. ; Attleboro city, and North Attleboro, Rehoboth, and Seekonk towns in Bristol County; Bellingham, Franklin, Plainville, and Wrentham towns in Norfolk County; Blackstone and Millville towns in Worcester County, Mass. SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Berkeley and Charleston Counties Columbia Lexington and Richland Counties Greenville. Greenville and Pickens Counties SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls TENNESSEE Chattanooga.. Knoxville Memphis Nashville Minnehaha County Hamilton County, Tenn. ; Walker County, Anderson, Blount, and Knox Counties; portion of Oak Ridge in Roane County Shelby County, Tenn. and Crittenden County, Ark. Davidson, Sumner, and Wilson Counties TEXAS Amarillo Potter and Randall Counties Austin Travis County Beaumont-Port-Arthur- Orange Jefferson and Orange Counties Corpus Christi Nueces and San Patricio Counties Dallas Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Kaufman, and Rockwall Counties El Paso El Paso County Fort Worth Johnson and Tarrant Counties Galves ton- Texas City Galveston County Houston Brazoria, Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty, and Montgomery Counties Lubbock Lubbock County San Antonio Bexar and Guadalupe Counties Waco McLennan County Wichita Falls.. Archer and Wichita Counties UTAH Salt Lake City. VERMONT Burlington.. Springfield. VIRGINIA Lynchburg.Bountiful, Centerville, Farmington, North Salt Lake, South Bountiful, and West Bountiful precincts in Davis County; Salt Lake County Chittenden County; Grand Isle and South Hero towns in Grand Isle County.Athens, Grafton, Londonderry, Rockingham (includes Bellows Falls), Westminster, and Windham towns in Windham County; Andover, Baltimore, Cavendish, Chester, Ludlow, Reading, Springfield, Weathersfield, Weston, West Windsor, and Windsor towns in Windsor County..Lynchburg city, and Amherst and Campbell Counties Newport News- Hampton..Newport News and Hampton cities, and York County Norfolk-Portsmouth....Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach cities Richmond. Richmond city, and Chesterfield, Hanover, and Henrico Counties Roanoke Roanoke city and Roanoke County WASHINGTON Seattle-Everett Spokane Tacoma King and Snohomish Counties Spokane County Pierce County WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Kanawha County Huntington-Ashland Cabell and Wayne Counties, W. Va. ; Boyd County, Ky. ; Lawrence County, Ohio Wheeling Marshall and Ohio Counties, W. Va. ; Belmont County, Ohio WISCONSIN Green Bay Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine WYOMING Casper Cheyenne Brown County Kenosha County La Crosse County (hours and earnings for 1 limited to La Crosse city) Dane County Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha Counties (employment, and hours and earnings prior to, labor turnover prior to do not include Washington County) Racine County.Natrona County Laramie County

127 Technical Note Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours and earnings, and labor turnover series concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitations is contained in technical notes for each of these series, available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics free of charge. INTRODUCTION The statistics in this periodical are compiled from three major sources: household interviews, payroll reports from employers, and () administrative statistics of unemployment insurance systems. Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample survey of the population 1 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed and the unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, color, marital status, occupations, hours of work, and duration of unemployment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a,sample of about 0,000 households, representing areas in 8 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 0 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 1th of the month. Data based on establishment payroll records are compiled each month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The payroll survey provides detailed industry information on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly and weekly earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The figures are based on payroll reports from a sample of establishments employing about million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 1th of the month. Data based on administrative records of unemployment insurance systems furnish a complete count of insured unemployment among the two-thirds of the Nation's labor force covered by unemployment insurance programs. Weekly reports, by State, are issued on the number of initial claims, the volume and rate of insured unemployment under State unemployment insurance programs, and the volume under programs of unemployment compensation for Federal employees, ex-servicemen, and railroad workers. These statistics are published by the Bureau of Employment Security, U.S. Department of Labor, in "Unemployment Insurance Claims." Relation between the household and payroll series The household and payroll data supplement one another, each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports. Data from these two sources differ from each other because of differences in definition and coverage, sources of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are.additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which have a differential effect on levels and trends of the two series are as follows: Employment Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other private household workers), selfemployed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 1 hours or more during the survey week in family-operated enterprises. Employment in both farm and nonfarm industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments. Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information on the work status of the population without duplication since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once and are classified according to the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the figures based on establishment records, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls. Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at work during the survey week that is, were not working but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or because they were taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. In -81 O - 8 -? 1

128 the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period. Hours of Work The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by employers. In the household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period. Comparability of the household interview data with other series Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the household survey includes all persons who did not have a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Bureau of Employment Security of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, State and local government, domestic service, self employment, unpaid family work, nonprofit organizations, and firms below a minimum size). In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as employed rather than unemployed in the household survey. Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of persons under 1 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) series and the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than once if they worked on more than one farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured in terms of impact on differences in level and trend of the two series. Comparability of the payroll employment data with other series Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the censuses of business establishments. The major reasons for some noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes contract construction, professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in BLS statistics. County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns, published jointly by the U.S. Departments of Commerce, and Health, Education, and Welfare, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities. Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Not all nonfarm wage and salary workers are covered by the unemployment insurance programs. All workers in certain activities, such as interstate railroads, are excluded. In addition, small firms in covered industries are also excluded in 1 States. In general, these are establishments with less than four employees. Labor Force Data COLLECTION AND COVERAGE Statistics on the employment status of the population, the personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey appears in "Concepts and Methods Used in Manpower Statistics from the Current Population Survey" (BLS Report 1). This report is available from BLS on request. These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population 1 years and over. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 1 years of age and over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, 1 0

129 Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 1th of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week. Inmates of institutions and persons under 1 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations and are excluded from the population and labor force statistics shown in this report. Data on members of the Armed Forces, who are included as part of the categories "total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," are obtained from the Department of Defense. Each month, 0,000 occupied units are designated for interview. About,00 of these households are visited but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of about percent. In addition to the 0,000 occupied units,there are 8,00 sample units in an average mdnth which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year ago. CONCEPTS Employed 'persons comprise (a) all those who during the survey week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business, profession, or farm, or who worked 1 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off, and whether or not they were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries, temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the premises of an Embassy. Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations. Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not work during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a job within the past weeks, and who were available for work during the survey week (except for temporary illness). Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all, were available for work, and (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary job within 0 days. Duration of unemployment represents the length of time (through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. A period of weeks or more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work. Average duration is an arithmetic mean computed from a distribution by single weeks of unemployment. The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above. The "total labor force" also includes members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the United States or abroad. The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, marital status, color, etc. Not in labor force includes all civilians 1 years and over who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in school," "unable to work" because of long-term physical or mental illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the voluntarily idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an "off" season and who were not reported as unemployed. Persons doing only incidental unpaid family work (less than 1 hours) are also classified as not in the labor force. For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at the time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are compiled on a quarterly basis. The detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked only in those households that are new entrants to the sample and in those that are reentering the sample after 8 months' absence. Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are classified according to their latest full-time civilian job lasting weeks or more. The occupation and industry groups used in data derived from the CPS household interviews are defined as in the 10 Census of Population. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request. The class-of-worker breakdown specifies "wage and salary workers," subdivided into private and government workers, "self-employed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a governmental unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their 1 1

130 own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 1 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by blood or marriage. Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours worked during the survey week. For example, a person who normally works 0 hours a week but who was off on the Veterans Day holiday would be reported as working hours even though he was paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week. However, all the hours are credited to the major job. Persons who worked hours or more in the survey week are designated as working "full time"; persons who worked between 1 and hours are designated as working "part time." Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full time or part time) and by their reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or other reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. "Other reasons" include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of home housework, school, no desire for full-time work, and full-time worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time schedules include, in addition to those working hours or more, those who worked from 1- hours for noneconomic reasons but usually work full time. Full- and part-time labor force. The full-time labor force consists of persons working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (because fulltime work is not available), and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The 'part-time labor force consists of persons working part time voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work. Persons with a job but not at work during the survey week are classified according to whether they usually work full or part time. Labor force time lost is a measure of man-hours lost to the economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available man-hours. It is computed by assuming: that unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an average of 7. hours, that those looking for parttime work lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and () that persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference between 7. hours and the actual number of hours they worked. ESTIMATING METHODS Under the estimation methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force, employment, or unemployment. Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of this statistical program. 1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately by groups of sample areas and, within these, for six groups color (white and nonwhite) within the three residence categories (urban, rural nonfarm, and rural farm). The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from to percent depending on weather, vacations, etc.. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the Nation as a whole, in such characteristics as age, color, sex, and residence. Since these population characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the latter estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of ratio estimates as follows: a. First-stage ratio estimate. This is a procedure in which the sample proportions are weighted by the known 10 Census data on the color-residence distribution of the population. This step takes into'account the differences existing at the time of the 10 Census between the color-residence distribution for the Nation and for the sample areas. b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this step, the sample proportions are weighted by independent current estimates of the population by age, sex, and color. These estimates are prepared by carrying forward the most recent census data (10) to take account of subsequent aging of the population, mortality, and migration between the United States and other countries.. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (7 percent) as well as the sample results for the current month. This procedure reduces the sampling variability of mo nth-to-mo nth changes especially and of the levels for most items also. Rounding of Estimates The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Differences, however, are insignificant. 1

131 Reliability of the Estimates Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may differ from the figures that would have been obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures. The figures presented in table B are to be used for other characteristics and are approximations of the standard errors of all such characteristics. They should be interpreted as providing an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard errors rather than as the precise standard error for any specific item. The standard error is a measure of sampling variability, that is, the variations that might occur by chance because only a sample of the population is surveyed. The chances are about out of that an estimate from the sample would differ from a complete census by less than the standard error. The chances are about 1 out of 0 that the difference would be less than twice the standard error. Table A shows the average standard error for the major employment status categories, by sex, computed from data for past months. Estimates of change derived from the survey are also subject to sampling variability. The standard error of change for consecutive months is also shown in table A. The standard errors of level shown in table A are acceptable approximations of the standard errors of year-to-year change. Table A. Average standard error of major employment status categories Employment status and sex BOTH SEXES Labor force and total employment Nonagricultural employment Unemployment MALE Labor force and total Nonagricultural employment FEMALE Labor force and total employment Agriculture Nonagricultural employment Unemployment (In thousands) Average standard error of Monthly level Monthto-month change (consecutive months only) The standard error of the change in an item from one month to the next month is more closely related to the standard error of the monthly level for that item than to the size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in order to use the approximations to the standard errors of mo nth-to-month changes as presented in table C, it is first necessary to obtain the standard error of the monthly level of the item in table B, and then find the standard error of the mo nth-to-mo nth change in table C corresponding to this standard error of level. It should be noted that table C applies to estimates of change between consecutive months. For changes between the current month and the same month last year, the standard errors of level shown in table B are acceptable approximations. Size of estimate ,000...,00...,000 10, , , , Table B. Standard error of level of monthly estimates Bo,th sexes Total or white (In thousands) Male Total or white Female Total or white Nonwhite Nonwhite Nonwhite 1 17 Illustration: Assume that the tables showed the total number of persons working a specific number of hours as 1,000,000, an increase of 00,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the first column of table B shows that the standard error of 1,000,000 is about 1,000. Consequently, the chances are about 8 out of 100 that the sample estimate differs by less than 1,000 from the figure which would have been obtained from a complete count of the number of persons working the given number of hours. Using the 1,000 as the standard 0 1

132 error of the monthly level in table C, it may be seen that the standard error of the 00,000 increase is about 1,000. Table C. Standard error of estimates of month-to-month change (In thousands) of the percentage, particularly if the percentage is large (0 percent or greater). Table D shows the standard errors for percentages derived from the survey. Linear interpolation may be used for percentages and base figures not shown in table D. Table D. Standard error of percentage Standard error of monthly level Standard error of monthto-month change The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed by using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends upon both the size of the percentage and the size of the total upon which the percentage is based. Where the numerator is a subclass of the denominator, estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding absolute estimates of the numerator Base of percentages (thousands) ,000..,000..,000.., ,000.,000. 0,000. 7, or or or Estimated percentage or or 8 ; 1....? 0 or ? or 7 1 Q...? or? 1...? 0?... COLLECTION Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonfarm establishments, by industry and geographic location. Federal-State Cooperation Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the respondent fills out only one employment or labor turnover schedule, which is then used for national, State, and area estimates. This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of respondents and, together with the use of identical techniques at the national and State levels, insures maximum comparability of estimates. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area series and then send the data to the BLS for use in preparing the national series. Shuttle Schedules Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS 70 Monthly Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and Form DL Monthly Report Establishment Data on Labor Turnover. These schedules are of the "shuttle" type, with space for each month of the calendar year. The collecting agency returns the schedule to the respondent each month so that the next month's data can be entered. This procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures he has reported for previous months. Form BLS 70 provides for entry of data on the number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, payroll and man-hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 1th of the month. The labor turnover schedule provides for the collection of information on the total number of accessions and separations, by type, during the calendar month. CONCEPTS Industrial Classification Establishments reporting on Form BLS 70 and Form DL are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. This information is collected each year on a supplement to the 1

133 monthly0 or report. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the most important product or activity. All national, State, and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover series are classified in accordance with the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, Bureau of the Budget, 17, as amended by the 1 Supplement. Industry Employment Employment data except that for the Federal Government refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 1th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month. The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer, or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military personnel are excluded. Persons on an establishment payroll who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday or paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period and are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period, are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entire period, or who are hired but do not report to work during the period. Industry Hours and Earnings Hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and man-hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in contract construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the remaining nonfarm components. For Federal Government, hours and earnings relate to all employees who worked or received pay during the pay period which includes the 1th of the month. Terms are defined below. When the pay period reported is longer than 1 week, figures are reduced to a weekly basis. Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial and watchman services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above production operations. Construction workers include the following employees in the contract construction division: Working foremen, journeymen, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, etc., whether working at the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades. Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairmen, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aids, teachers, draftsmen, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, linemen, laborers, janitors, watchmen, and similar occupational levels, and other employees whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 1th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period), other pay not earned in pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay), tips, and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. Man-hours cover man-hours worked or paid for, during the pay period which includes the 1th of the month, for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. The man-hours include hours paid for holidays and vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from the firm. Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay period which includes the 1th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. Gross Average Hourly and Weekly Earnings Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis, reflecting not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates, but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work, and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. Shifts in the volume of employment between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers 1 earnings in individual establishments also affect the general earnings averages. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates are the amounts stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on 1

134 the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under the production-worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisoryemployee definitions. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly earnings, but also by changes in the. length of the workweek, part-time work, stoppages for varying causes, labor turnover, and absenteeism. Average Weekly Hours The workweek information relates to the average hours for which pay was received, and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as absenteeism, labor turnover, part time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Average Overtime Hours The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which were in excess of regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee worked on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction, from month-tomonth; for example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the industry-group level also may be caused by a marked change in gross hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. In addition, such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours. Hours and Earnings For Total Private Nonagricultural Industries This series covers all nonagricultural industry divisions except government. The principal source of payroll data is Form BLS 70. Secondary source material such as Employment and Wages (Bureau of Employment Security), County Business Patterns (Bureau of the Census), and additional supporting information such as The Hospital Guide, Part II, of the American Hospital Association and special studies by the National Council of Churches, supplement data for certain industry groups within the service division. For a technical description of this series, see the article, "Hours and Earnings for Workers in Private Nonagricultural Industries," published in the May issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Railroad Hours and Earnings The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the M-00 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Spendable Average Weekly Earnings Spendable average weekly earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated Federal social security and income taxes from gross weekly earnings. The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker and his marital status, as well as on the level of his gross income. To reflect these variables, spendable earnings are computed for a worker with no dependents, and a married worker with three dependents. The computations are based on the gross average weekly earnings for all production or nonsupervisory workers in the industry division without regard to total family income. "Real" earnings are computed by dividing the current Consumer Price Index into the earnings averages for the current month. The level of earnings is thus adjusted for changes in purchasing power since the base period (17-). Average Hourly Earnings Excluding Overtime Average hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total productionworker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production-worker man-hours and one-half of tcftal overtime man-hours. Prior to January 1, these data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings (as described in the Monthly Labor Review, May 10, pp. 7-0). Both methods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for at 1J times the straight-time rates. No adjustment is made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time and one-half. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Payrolls and Man-Hours The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and manhours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the 17- period. The man-hour aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and production-worker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product of gross average weekly earnings and production-worker employment. 1

135 Labor Turnover Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month, is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. The data relate to all employees, whether full- or part-time, permanent or temporary, including executive, office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers. Transfers to another establishment of the company are included, beginning with January 1. Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired employees. New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in the establishment (except employees transferring from another establishment of the same company) or of former employees not recalled by the employer. Other accessions, which are not published separately but are included in total accessions, are all additions to the employment roll which are not classified as new hires, including transfers from another establishment of the company. Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar month and are classified according to cause: Quits, layoffs, and other separations, are defined as follows: Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees, failure to report after being hired, and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month the person has been absent more than 7 consecutive calendar days. Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to last more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the employer without prejudice to the worker. O the r sep orations, which are not published separately but are included in total separations, are terminations of employment because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement, transfers to another establishment of the company, and entrance into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than 0 consecutive calendar days. Comparability With Employment Series Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar month; the employment reports refer to the pay period which includes the 1th of the month; and employees on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the employment estimates if the work stoppage extends through the report period. ESTIMATING METHODS The principal features of the procedure used to estimate employment for the industry statistics are the use of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, periodic adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks, and () the use of size and regional stratification. The "Link Relative" Technique From a sample composed of establishments reporting for both the previous and current months, the ratio of current month employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a link relative. The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these "link relatives." Other features of the general procedures are described later in the table, Summary of Methods for Computing Industry Statistics on Employment, Hours, Earnings, and Labor Turnover. Further details are given in the technical notes on Measurement of Employment, Hours, and Earnings in Nonagricultural Industries and on M easurementof L abor Turnover, which are available upon request. Size and Regional Stratification A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production- or nonsupervisory-worker data are used to weight the hours and earnings into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods may be a whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry. Benchmark Adjustments Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which provide "benchmarks" for the various nonagriculturalindustries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually. The primary source of benchmark information is the employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations, covering three-fourths of the total nonfarm employment in the United States, are prepared under the direction of the Bureau of Employment Security. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from the records of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number of other agencies in private industry or government. The estimates relating to the benchmark month are compared with new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary, the monthly series of estimates are adjusted between the new benchmark and the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry then is carried forward progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends. Thus, under 1 7

136 this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level. Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the series has been adjusted are subject therefore to revision. To provide users of the data with a convenient reference source for the revised data, the BLS publishes as soon as possible after each benchmark revision a summary volume of employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover statistics. THE SAMPLE Design The sampling plan used in the current employment statistics program is an optimum allocation design known as ' 'sampling proportionate to average size of establishment. 1 ' The universe of establishments is stratified first by industry and then within each industry by size of establishment in terms of employment. For each industry the total size of the sample is distributed among the size class cells on the basis of average employment per establishment in each cell. In practice, this is equivalent to distributing the predetermined total number of establishments required in the sample among the cells on the basis of the ratio of employment in each cell to total employment in the industry. Within each stratum the sample members are selected at random. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty. The size of the samples for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the larger establishments with only a few chosen from among the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments, and also for a substantial number of the smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and -service divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary to accept samples in these divisions with a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates. In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover statistics programs, with their emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after reports are mailed by respondents, and at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater industrial detail. The tendency of such a sample to produce biased estimates of the level of earnings for certain industries is counteracted by the stratified estimating procedure described under "Estimating Methods." Coverage The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. The table that follows shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the. proportions shown. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1 1 Industry division Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities: Railroad transportation (ICC) Other transportation and public utilities. Wholesale and retail trade.... Finance, insurance and real estate Services Government: Federal (Civil Service Commission). State and local Employees Number reported 8,000,000,8,000 77,000 1,8,000,8,000 1,07,000 1,88,000,0,000,17,000 Percent of total Since a few establishments do not report payroll and man-hour information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates. State and area estimates of Federal employment are based on reports from a sample of Federal establishments, collected through the BLS-State cooperative program. 1 8

137 The table below shows the approximate coverage, in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor turnover sample, March 1 Industry Manufacturing Communication: Telephone Telegraph Number reported,,00,00,00 0,800,00 Reliability of the Employment Estimates Employees Percent of total The estimates derived from the establishment survey may differ from the figures that would" have been obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures. The relatively large size of the BLS establishment sample assures a high degree of accuracy. However, since the link relative technique requires the use of the previous month's estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate, small sampling and response errors may cumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated error, the estimates are adjusted annually to new benchmarks. In addition to the sampling and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences, generally minor, arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. (A detailed description of the March 1 benchmark is available from the Bureau upon request.) The entire difference between the estimate and benchmarks is assumed to have accumulated at a regular rate. Accordingly, the all employee series are adjusted by tapering out the differences for months between the current and the previous benchmark. The series for months subsequent to the benchmark month are revised by projecting the level of the new benchmark by the trend of the unadjusted series. For the most recent months, national, State, and area estimates are preliminary and are so footnoted in the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample design have been received. Approximations of the standard deviations (based on the experience of the last several years) of revisions between final estimates and benchmarks, and preliminary and final estimates, are presented in the following table. The chances are about out of that the revisions will be less than the amount indicated for each size of estimate. The chances are about 1 out of 0 that the revisions will be less than twice the amount indicated. Standard deviation of revisions between final estimates and benchmarks and between preliminary and final estimates Size of empl. estimate 0, ,000 00,000 00,000 1,000,000 Standard deviations of revisions Final 1,000,00,000 7,00,00 Preliminary 00 1,000 1,00,000,00 1 Assuming 1-month intervals between benchmark revisions. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions made in the last benchmark years follows: Nonagricultural payroll employment estimates, by industry division, as a percentage of the benchmark for 1- Industry division Total Mining Contract construction... Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment ana E'arnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force that contains State and area annual averages. Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by 1

138 BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification. For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed industry statistics currently published by each cooperating State agency are presented (from the earliest date of availability of each series) in a summary volume published annually by the BLS. UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA Insured unemployment represents the number of persons reporting a week of unemployment under an unemployment insurance program. It includes some persons who are working part time who would be counted as employed in the payroll and household surveys. Excluded are persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, State and local government, domestic service, self-employment, unpaid family work, nonprofit organizations, and firms below a minimum size). The rate of insured unemployment is the number of insured unemployed expressed as a percent of average covered employment in a 1-month period ending to 8 months prior to the week of reference. Initial claims are notices filed by those losing jobs covered by an unemployment insurance program that they are starting a period of unemployment. A claimant who continues to be unemployed a full week is then counted in the insured unemployment figure. Because of differences in State laws and procedures under which unemployment insurance programs are operated, State unemployment rates generally indicate, but do not precisely measure, differences among the individual States. Persons wishing to receive a detailed description of the nature, sources, inclusions and exclusions, and limitations of unemployment insurance data should address their inquiries to Bureau of Employment Security, Washington, D.C. SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience. By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating deviations from the seasonal pattern that is, changes in a seasonally adjusted series it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the original data on which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other errors but, in addition, are affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. The seasonal adjustment method used for these series is an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving average method, with a provision for "moving''adjustmentfactors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the method is given in the booklet, The BLS Seasonal Factor Method (1), which may be obtained from the Bureau on request. For establishment data, the seasonally adjusted series on weekly hours and labor turnover rates for industry groupings are computed by applying factors directly to the corresponding unadjusted series. However, seasonally adjusted employment totals for all employees and production workers by industry division are obtained by summing seasonally adjusted data for the component industries. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours, seasonally adjusted, for mining, contract construction, and the major industries in manufacturing are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by, production workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 17- base. For total, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable goods, the indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly man-hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 17- base. The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary help employed by the Post Office Department in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only significant seasonal change in Federal Government employment during the winter months. Furthermore, the volume of such employment may change substantially from year to year because of administrative decisions by the Post Office Department. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the data upon which the seasonally adjusted series is based. Factors currently in use for the establishment data are shown in the September Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force, and revisions will be made coincidental with the adjustment of series to new benchmark levels. 1 0

139 For each of the three major labor force componentsagricultural and nonagricultural employment, and unemployment data for four age-sex groups (male and female workers under age 0, and age 0 and over) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to give seasonally adjusted total figures. In order to produce seasonally adjusted total employment and civilian labor force data, the appropriate series are aggregated. The seasonally adjusted rate of unemployment is derived by dividing the seasonally adjusted figure for total unemployment (the sum of four seasonally adjusted age-sex components) by the figure for the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force (the sum of twelve seasonally adjusted age-sex components). The seasonal adjustment factors applying to current data are based on a pattern shown by past experience. These factors are revised in the light of the pattern revealed by subsequent data. Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components of the labor force based on data through December are published in the February Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Revisions will be made annually as each additional year's data become available. ATTENTION As discussed in the Technical Note, the Bureau periodically adjusts the industry employment series to a recent benchmark to improve their accuracy. These adjustments may also affect the hours and earnings series because employment levels are used as weights. Industry data for all national series shown in this report have been adjusted to March 1 benchmarks, Data from 1 forward are subject to revision at the time of the next benchmark. Beginning with the September and subsequent issues of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force, the national data in sections B, C, and D supersede those published in previous issues, as well as. those appearing in the Handbook of Labor Statistics,. Comparable data are published in Employment and-earnings Statistics for the United States, 10-7, BLS Bulletin -. Industry titles conform to the Bureau of the Budget's standard list of short SIC titles. 1 1

140 Summary of Methods for Computing Industry Statistics on Employment, Hours, Earnings, and Lnh or Turnover Item Basic estimating cells (industry, region, size, or region/size cell) Monthly Aggregate industry levels (divisions, groups and, Data All employees.. All-employee estimate for previous month multimonth to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months. Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells. Production or nonsupervisory workers; women employees. All-employee estimate for current month multi - plied by ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, ratio of women to all employees. Sum of production- or nonsupervisory-worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for component cells. Gross average weekly hours Production- or nonsupervisory-worker man-hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers. Average, weighted by production- or nonsupervisory-worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells. Average weekly overtime hours... Production-worker overtime man-hours divided by number of production workers. Average, weighted by production-worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for component cells. Gross average hourly earnings.. Total production- or nonsupervisory-worker payroll divided by total production- or nonsupervisory-worker man-hours. Average, weighted by aggregate man-hours, of the average hourly earnings for component cells. Gross average weekly earnings.. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Labor turnover rates (total, men, and women). The number of particular actions (e.g., quits) in reporting firms divided by total employment in those firms. The result is multiplied by 100. For men (or women), the number of men (women) who quit is divided by the total number of men (women) employed. Average, weighted by employment, of the rates for component cells. Annual Average Data All employees and production or nonsupervisory workers-.. Sum of monthly estimates divided by 1. Sum of monthly estimates divided by 1. Gross average weekly hours.. Annual total of aggregate man-hours (productionor nonsupervisory-worker employment multiplied by average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate man-hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Average weekly overtime hours.. Annual total of aggregate overtime man-hours (production-worker emp'oyment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate overtime man-hours for production workers divided by annual sum pi employment for these workers. Gross average hourly earnings..... Annual total of aggregate payrolls (productionor nonsupervisory-worker employment multiplied by weekly earnings) divided by annual aggregate man-hours. Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annua aggregate man-hours. Gross average weekly earnings.. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Labor turnover rates.... Sum of monthly rates divided by 1. Sum of monthly rates divided by 1. 1

141 Employment Statistics Data Available from the BLS tl&e, vielen, TECHNICAL NOTES Labor Force Data Concepts and Methods Used in Manpower Statistics from the Current Population Survey Establishment Data Measurement of Employment, Hours, and Earnings in Nonagricultural Industries Measuring Employment, Hours, and Earnings in States and Areas The Calculation and Uses of Spendable Earnings Series Measurement of Labor Turnover BLS Establishment Employment Estimates Revised to March 1 Benchmark Levels SPECIAL LABOR FORCE REPORTS No. 7 Labor Force Projections by Color, No. 7 Labor Force Projections by State, 170 and 180 No. 7 Poverty Areas of Our Major Cities No. 7 Work Experience of The Population in 1 No. 77 Job Tenure of Workers, January 1 No. 78 Why The Unemployed Looked For Work No. 7 Adult Men Not in The Labor Force No. 80 Marital and Family Characteristics of Workers, March 1 No. 81 Overtime Hours and Premium Pay No. 8 Low Earners and Their Income No. 8 Educational Attainment of Workers, March 1 No. 8 Occupational Mobility of Employed Workers No. 8 Employment of High School Graduates and Dropouts in 1 No. No. 8 Reasons for Nonparticipation in the Labor Force 87 Employment of School Age Youth In October 1 No. 88 Changes iri Occupational Employment Over The Past Decade No. 8 Short Workweeks and Underemployment No. 0 Multiple Jobholders in May 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of Manpower and Employment Statistics Washington, D. C. 01 Please send me the following free of charge: \ Please add my name to the mailing list for all future special labor force reports. NAME ORGANIZATION ADDRESS CITY STATE CODE,

142 Articles Published in Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force January 1 to present NOTE: This is a cumulative listing of articles that were published since January 1. In addition each issue contains timely analyses of, current employment and unemployment developments. Surveys of Recent Developments Title The Unemployed in a Tightening Labor Market Recent Labor Force Developments Contrasted With the Early 10's Author Susan Holland James Wetzel Paul Ryscavage Issue Vol. 1, No. - 1 Vol. 1, No. -May 1 The Employment Situation in 1 Paul Ryscavage Vol. 1, No. 7 - Jan. Employment and Unemployment in Paul Ryscavage Hazel Willacy Vol. 1, No. 7 - Jan. Recent Developments in Manufacturing Paul Ryscavage Hazel Willacy Vol. 1, No. - Special Studies Hours and Earnings The Spendable Earnings of Factory Workers Hours and Earnings Trends Tret in Private Industry, 17-1 Teenagers The Teenage Labor Force in Early 1 The Outlook for Youth Employment: Summer Trends in Full- and Part-time Employment Miscellaneous The Unemployed: Why They Started Looking for Work Household Characteristics of the Unemployed Unemployment in 1 Metropolitan Areas Industry Employment and Unemployment in the Construction Industry Women Women on Nonagricultural Payrolls Nonwhite s The Employment Situation for Negroes James Wetzel Vol. 1, No. 8-1 Carol Utter Vol. 1, No. - Dec. Tom Swanstrom Vol. 1, No. - 1 Vol. 1, No. 1 - Jun. Susan Holland Vol. 1, No. 1-Jun. 1 Kathryn Hoyle Paul Flaim James Wetzel Lyle Ryter Vol. 1, No. 1 - Jul. 1 Vol. 1, No. - Sept. Vol. 1, No. 7 - Jan. Vol. 1, No. - Oct. 1 Carol Utter Vol. 1, No. - Nov. 1 Susan Holland Vol. 1, No. - Sept. Technical Articles Industry Employment Statistics in the United States -- Fifty Years of Development John Wymer Vol. 1, No. 7 - Jan. 1 New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment Robert Stein Vol. 1, No. 8 - Hours and Earnings for Workers in Private Nonagricultural Industries BLS Establishment Employment Estimates Revised to March 1 Benchmark Levels Arthur Spinks Arthur Spinks Vol. Vol. 1, No. - May 1, No. - Sept. Technical Note on Area Data from The Current Population Survey Vol. 1, No. 7 - Jan. The Method of Seasonal Adjustment for Labor Force Series Vol. 1, No. 8 - BLS Earnings Statistics for Use in Escalation Agreements Darrell Nelson Vol. 1, No. - ir U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : O For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 00 Single copies are cents. Subscription Price: $7 per year; $1. additional for foreign mailing.

143 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices NEW ENGLAND REGION BLS Regional Director John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg. Government Center - Room 10A Boston, Mass. 00 III SOUTHERN REGION BLS Regional Director 171 Peachtree Street, N. E. Atlanta, Ga. 00 PACIFIC REGION BLS Regional Director 0 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 017 San Francisco, Calif. 10 MIDDLE ATLANTIC REGION BLS Regional Director 1 Ninth Avenue New York, N..Y IV NORTH CENTRAL REGION BLS Regional Director 1 South Dearborn Street Chicago, VI MOUNTAIN - PLAINS REGIONS BLS Regional Director Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 10 BLS Region COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES III V V III V ALABAMA ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA VI I II II in III V V IV IV VI VI IV III I II I IV IV III VI VI VI V I II III II II VI IV III V II I COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DIST. OF COL. FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND k/w> W * bhaxav &A %*\S / -** \J A. A. \ X VAX (IV V \* A. I -Department of Employment, Denver 800 -Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Hartford 0 -Employment Security Commission, Wilmington U.S. Employment Service for D. C., Washington 01 -Industrial Commission, Tallahassee 0 -Employment Security Agency, Department of Labor, Atlanta 00 -Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Honolulu 8 -Department of Employment, Boise Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, Chicago 00 -Employment Security Division, Indianapolis 0 -Employment Security Commission, Des Moines 01 -Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Topeka 0 -Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Economic Security, Frankfort 001 -Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor, Baton Rouge Employment Security Commission, Augusta 00 -Department of Employment Security, Baltimore 101 -Division of Statistics, Department of Labor and Industries, Boston 00 (Employment). Division of Employment Security, Boston 01 (Turnover). -Employment Security Commission, Detroit 80 -Department of Employment Security, St. Paul 101 -Employment Security Commission, Jackson 0 -Division of Employment Security, Jefferson City 10 -Unemployment Compensation Commission, Helena 01 -Division of Employment, Department of Labor, Lincoln 801 -Employment Security Department, Carson City Department of Employment Security, Concord 001 -Department of Labor and Industry: Bureau of Statistics and Records (Employment); Division of Employment Security (Turnover), Trenton 08 -Employment Security Commission, Albuquerque Research and Statistics Office, Division of Employment, N. Y. State Department of Labor, State Campus Building 1, Albany 101 -Division of Statistics, Department of Labor, Raleigh 70 (Employment). Bureau of TTTYinlnvrnfint Ser.tiritv Research. TTmnlnvmftnt SemiTitv C^nTnmissinn. Ra.l*»iali 70) 1 in VI in in VIi n V II IV VI SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING -Employment becurity Commission, Columbia cvcuc -Employment Security Department, Aberdeen 701 -Department of Employment Security, Nashville 71 -Employment Commission, Austin Department of Employment Security, Salt Lake City 81 -Department of Employment Security, Montpelier 00 -Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry, Richmond 1 (Employment). Employment Commission, Richmond (Turnover). -Employment Security Department, Olympia 801 -Department of Employment Security, Charleston 0 -Unemployment Compensation Department, Madison 701 -Employment Security Commission, Casper 801