Cutting Red Tape. Simplification of Business Regulation at the Municipal Level in LAC
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1 Cutting Red Tape Simplification of Business Regulation at the Municipal Level in LAC Luke Haggarty IFC Program Manager for Business Enabling Environment Technical Assistance Facility for Latina America and the Caribbean Cairo, December Making Markets Work for Everyone
2 Why work on reducing administrative barriers to entry? Burocratic Barriers and Growth Competitiveness #!!"!! 2 Making Markets Work for Everyone
3 Why work on reducing administrative barriers to entry? 3 Making Markets Work for Everyone
4 Why work on reducing administrative barriers to entry? Burocratic Barriers and Corruption $ %! #!" #!!"&#'"( 4 Making Markets Work for Everyone
5 How bureaucratic is the process of starting a business? In Latin America it takes 63 days on average, tied with Africa as the longest regiional average. This is 21 times more than Canada. Average cost is over $1,000, 6 times more than the USA or Canada The level of informality is strongly related to the time and complexity of the process 3 Time (days) 27 Time to open a business and levels of informality % GDP Informal Canada Chile Argentina Nicaragua Colom bia Honduras Peru Brazil Fuente: Doing Business en I n f o r m a l i t y 5 Making Markets Work for Everyone
6 Why work at the Municipal Level? An example from Peru!"! 5. Legalize accounting books 6. Obtain a Tax payer number 7. Authorized and stamped labor sheets in the Ministry of Work 8. Obtain Zoning Certificate (Compatibilidad de Uso) 9. Obtain technical clearance from INDECI 10. Obtain Municipal Operation Licence 1. Verify firm name is not in use 2. Firm constitution is prepared and notarized % of the start up capital is deposited in a bank 4. Inscription in the Mercantile Registry Fuente: Doing Business in Making Markets Work for Everyone
7 What methodology do we use for municipal simplification? Detailed Diagnostic (minute by minute mapping of process) Process simplification proposal (in cooperation with municipal officials) Implementation (legal changes, training and awareness building) Monitoring and Evaluation (Indicators and collection system installed and operational) Continous Improvement and Sustainability (Public-private roundtable regularly reviews results) 7 Making Markets Work for Everyone
8 Case Study: Peru and Nicaragua Granada, Masaya and Leon, Nicaragua Comparative Statistics on Municipalities in Peru and Nicaragua Municipality Peru Lima (Cercado) Nicaragua 1. León 2. Granada 3. Masaya Project Start Date October, 2004 November, 2004 Local Partnerships Metropolitan Municipality of Lima Association of Municipalities of Nicaragua (MML) and CONFIEP (confederation of (AMUNIC) and CACONIC Industries) (Confederation of Commerce) Simplified Procedures 1. Municipal Operating License 1. Municipal Operating License 2. Construction Permit 2. Construction Permit Population of Municipality León: 198,314 Granada: 122,858 Masaya: 157,929 % of National Pop. 10% 9% SME as % of all firms 99% 95% (avg. of the three municipalities) % of firms that are Informal (estimate) New Enterprises Registered million (8.5 in Lima) 86% 1. León: 55% 2. Granada: 50% 3. Masaya 60% 1, (average of three municipalities) Lima, Peru 8 Making Markets Work for Everyone
9 The Diagnostic... Identification and quantification of steps, requirements, time, costs for firm operating license Detailed analysis of work-flow in each step Identification of main bottlenecks Validation of the diagnostic by municipal officials The diagnostic is a joint product (IFC & Municipality) 9 Making Markets Work for Everyone
10 Case Study: Peru and Nicaragua Results of detailed diagnostic make the bottlenecks clear TABLE 2: ANALYSIS OF THE TIME FOR OPERATING PERMIT BY ACTIVITY IN LIMA N PROCEDURE OPERATION NATURE OF THE ACTIVITY REVISION DISPATCH WAIT TOTAL Nº. OF DAYS COST VISITS TO MUNI. TIME INVESTED IN VISITS (HOURS) 1 CAE CCU CDC LAED LFP Total days Making Markets Work for Everyone
11 Case Study: Peru and Nicaragua The results of optimal performance under existing procedures clearly show the high costs to the entrepreneur. Comparative Statistics for Municipal Operating Licenses Lima León Masaya Granada Procedures Requirements Steps Number of Inspections Visits to Municipality Days Making Markets Work for Everyone
12 Simplification Reform Proposal Simpified work flow Reorganization of functions Reduction of requirments, time and (sometimes) cost to the entrepreneur Preparation of new norms and creation of a new Operating Procedures Manual Design of new forms Design of dissemination mechanisms and a new Guide to Open a Business Design of one stop shop 12 Making Markets Work for Everyone
13 Case Study: Peru and Nicaragua Reform Results Operating License in Lima Peru Pre-reform Post-reform Requirem ents 5 Num ber of Ins pections Visits to Municipality 1.6 Days * (wieghted avg.) Requirements Operating License in Leon, Nicaragua Number of Inspections Pre-reform Post reform w/insp Post reform w/o Insp Visits to Municipality Days Single, unified process in all 3 municipalities in Nicaragua 13 Making Markets Work for Everyone
14 Implementation... Training municipal staff in new procedures and carrying out simulations to detect problems. Development of TORs and Profiles for staff positions based on new procedures. Approval of new municipal by-laws and operations manual for new process. Design of new promotional material and public dissemination campaign. 14 Making Markets Work for Everyone
15 Monitoring and Evaluation and the Role of the Private Sector... Monitoring and evaluation system put in place in each municipality to monitor the results of the reforms. (IFC did not provide hardware). Public-Private Advisory Council put in place in each municipality with participation of representative private sector groups to oversee reform results (Periodic performance reviews) Private sector direct support to reform efforts (e.g. private in-kind donations of over $40,000 in Lima) 15 Making Markets Work for Everyone
16 Results of Municipal Simplification Reduction of time, steps and forms to do business More transparency in municipal administration Creation of local capacity to continue simplification of other processes Growth in formalization of firms (pending) 16 Making Markets Work for Everyone
17 Key Factors for Success... Political will & Strong technical counterpart. Institutional leadership with sensibilization and participation (internal and external). Joint (IFC & Client) project and project team. Appropriate implementation strategy (local factors). Implementation, not just a diagnostic or proposal. 17 Making Markets Work for Everyone
18 How do you make it sustainable over time? Constant training and continuous improvement Promotion and dissemenation of simplified processes (social control) Assure monitoring and evaluation systems are connected to beneficiaries (private sector) Get private sector involved in improvements Try to convince future administrations to appropriate the reform and improve it (political pressure) 18 Making Markets Work for Everyone
19 Expanding the Experience: National Plan for Municipal Simplfication A shared effort between Municipalities, Private Sector, Central Government, Intl. Cooperation and NGOs. The plan consists of an agenda and shared work plan with responsabilities, times and goals. Seeks to avoid duplication and help more communities more quickly The reform in Lima can serve as a national model 19 Making Markets Work for Everyone
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