CALCULATING THE SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (SNAP) PROGRAM ACCESS INDEX: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE FOR 2016

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1 USDA ~ United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service February 2018 CALCULATING THE SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (SNAP) PROGRAM ACCESS INDEX: A STEPBYSTEP GUIDE FOR 2016 Introduction The Program Access Index (PAI) is one of the indicators the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) uses to measure States performance in the administration of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (also known as the 2002 Farm Bill) directed USDA to establish a number of indicators of effective program performance and to award bonus payments to States with the best and most improved performance. The PAI is designed to indicate the degree to which lowincome people have access to SNAP benefits. The PAI is not, strictly speaking, a measure of participation among people eligible for benefits. For most purposes, the participation rate among people eligible for benefits is a better measure of program performance. 1 FNS uses the povertybased PAI because it is the best measure available in time to meet the law s requirements. The 2002 Farm Bill that authorizes the State performance awards requires prompt payment following the period of performance. As a result, there is not enough time to complete the more precise estimates of the number of people eligible for SNAP benefits. Waiting for the more precise estimates is inconsistent with the law and would also delay payments to States. FNS issued a final rule on February 7, 2005, codifying the procedures for calculating and awarding performance bonuses for the calendar 1 See for example Reaching Those in Need: State Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation Rates in 2014 by Karen E. Cunnyngham, available online at ing2014.pdf year 2005 and beyond. For this access measure, FNS uses the American Community Survey (ACS) for poverty count estimates. 2 In addition, the final rule changed the name of the measure to the PAI. The purpose of this stepbystep guide is to describe the calculation of the PAI in detail. It includes all of the data, adjustments, and calculations used in determining the PAI for every State in Calculating the PAI In general, the PAI is a simple index of the average monthly number of SNAP participants over the course of a calendar year to the number of people with income below 125 percent of the official poverty line in each State. FNS computes average monthly participation over a calendar year rather than the Federal fiscal year to better align the participation count with the annual poverty measure. FNS makes an adjustment to the counts of participants, the numerator of this index, to better reflect State performance in the administration of SNAP. FNS subtracts out estimates of the number of people who received SNAP disaster assistance. Disaster assistance is approved in limited circumstances and operates under special rules that differ from regular 2 FNS did a comparative analysis of the merits of the American Community Survey (ACS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) and determined that the ACS provided a better basis for the calculation of the Program Access Index beginning with the 2005 highperformance bonuses. See Estimating the Number of People in Poverty for the Program Access Index: The American Community Survey vs. the Current Population Survey available online at

2 SNAP rules. The adjustment is intended to account for only those disaster assistance recipients who are new to the program not existing participants who are issued replacement benefits. The quality of this adjustment depends in part on the accuracy of data reported by States to FNS on the operations of disaster assistance programs. FNS makes two adjustments to the poverty counts in the denominator of the index. Participants in the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) are subtracted from the number of people with income below 125 percent of poverty in each State. Participants in FDPIR would qualify for SNAP but have opted to take the FDPIR commodity package instead. In addition, lowincome Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients in California are subtracted from the number of people with income below 125 percent of poverty. By law, SSI recipients in California are ineligible for SNAP because they receive a Statefunded cash supplement for food. The number of participants in FDPIR and California SSI recipients offers no information on the effectiveness of State SNAP agency operations. FNS awards performance bonuses to the four States with the highest PAI and to the four States with the most improved PAI, provided that a State is eligible to receive such a bonus. If a State qualifies under both the best and most improved criteria, it is awarded the bonus for most improved, and the State with the next highest PAI is awarded a bonus for best performance. StepbyStep Guide The following provides a stepbystep description of the calculation of the PAI, using the calculation of the 2016 PAI for Texas as an example. The column references in the following example, along with the calculations for all States, can be found in the accompanying table: SNAP Program Access Index Calculation: The example below may contain discrepancies due to rounding. Description Step 1: Determine annual number of SNAP participants (CY 2016) The number of annual SNAP participants is the sum of the monthly counts from January to December The monthly counts are extracted from the FNS National Data Bank (NDB). The annual total is displayed in Column B of the table. Step 2: Determine annual number of FDPIR participants (CY 2016) The number of annual FDPIR participants is the sum of the monthly counts from January to December The monthly counts are extracted from the NDB. The annual total is displayed in Column C of the table. Example (Texas) Column B: 45,561,840 Column C: 1,492

3 Step 3: Determine number of disaster assistance participants (CY 2016) The number of disaster assistance participants is also extracted from the NDB. State and disaster specific adjustments are made to reflect the disaster policy in effect. For disasters that lasted more than a month, the reduction in participation is adjusted to reflect that. The annual total is displayed in Column D of the table. Step 4: Calculate adjusted number of annual participants (CY 2016) The adjusted annual number of participants is the annual number of SNAP participants (Column B) minus the number of disaster assistance recipients (Column D). Column D: 671 Column E: 45,561, =45,561,169 Step 5: Calculate adjusted monthly average number of participants (CY 2016) The adjusted monthly average number of participants is equal to the adjusted annual number of SNAP participants (Column E) divided by 12. Step 6: Determine the number of individuals with income below 125 percent of poverty Estimates of the number of people with income below 125 percent of poverty are published annually by the Bureau of the Census and are available online via the American FactFinder website ( The 2016 ACS estimates are displayed in Column G. Column F: 45,561, = 3,796,764 Column G: 5,645,277 Step 7: Calculate adjustment for SSI recipients in California Column H: This adjustment is based on the number of SSI recipients among the population with income below 125 percent of the official poverty threshold in California. This statistic is obtained from Census Bureau s Data Ferrett, which is the tool for accessing the Public Use American Community Survey data file. Step 8: Calculate monthly number of FDPIR participants (CY 2016) The monthly average number of FDPIR participants is equal to the annual number of FDPIR participants (Column C) divided by 12. Step 9: poverty Calculate adjusted number of people with income below 125 percent of The adjusted number of people with income below 125 percent of poverty is equal to the official counts of persons below 125 percent of poverty (Column G) minus the Monthly FDPIR Participants (Column I). For California, the adjusted number of people in poverty (Column J) is equal to the official counts of persons below 125 percent of poverty (Column G) minus the Monthly FDPIR Participants (Column I) minus the SSI adjustment (Column H). The SSI adjustment is not applied in any other State. N/A Column I: 1, = 124 Column J: 5,645, = 5,645,153

4 Step 10: Calculate the Program Access Index for 2016 The final PAI is an index of the adjusted count of participants to the adjusted estimate of persons living below 125 percent of the official poverty line. It is calculated by dividing adjusted monthly SNAP participants (Column F) by the adjusted poverty count (Column J). Column K: 3,796,764 5,645,153 = Step 11: Rank Order States by Program Access Index Column L: State rankings are determined in descending order, from highest to lowest. 37 Step 12: Determine the Program Access Index for 2015 The 2015 PAI was calculated in the same fashion, using prior year data. Column M: Step 13: Calculate the difference between the 2016 and 2015 PAIs Column N: The difference is equal to the 2016 PAI (Column K) minus the 2015 PAI (Column M). This provides the percentage point difference between 2016 and A positive difference indicates improvement; a negative difference indicates a reduction = Step 14: Rank Order States by Improvement the difference between the 2016 and 2015 PAIs State rankings are determined in descending order, from highest to lowest. Column O: 15 USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.

5 Calculation of SNAP Program Access Index: 2016 Worksheet Name Column Description PAI Calculation B Annual count of SNAP participants (set equal to column N of Annual SNAP Participants Worksheet) C Annual count of FDPIR participants (set equal to column N of Annual FDPIR Participants Worksheet) D Annual count of disaster assistance recipients (set equal to column F of Disaster Assistance Worksheet) E Adjusted annual count of SNAP participants (set equal to column B Column D) F Adjusted monthly average count of SNAP participants (set equal to column E divided by 12) G Count of persons in households with income less than 125% of poverty from 2016 ACS American FactFinder: 2016 ACS H CA Adjustment: Number of CA persons who receive SSI and have income less than 125% of poverty from 2016 ACS I Monthly FDPIR Participants (set equal to column C divided by 12) J Adjusted count of persons in households with income below 125% of poverty (set equal to column G column H column I) K Program Access Index, 2016 (set equal to column F divided by column J) L 2016 PAI Rank M Program Access Index, 2015 (compare to current year for improvement) N Improvement in Program Access Index from prior year (set equal to column K column M) O Improvement Rank SNAP Participants FDPIR Participants Disaster Assistance Counts of individual SNAP participants by State and month in calendar year Extracted from National Data Bank in August Annual total shown in last column. Counts of individual participants in Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations by State and month in calendar year Extracted from National Data Bank in August Annual total shown in last column. Counts of individual recipients of disaster assistance; includes only new participants, excludes replacement issuances. Extracted from National Data Bank in August 2017 from Form 292 (Report of Disaster Benefit Issuance) 2016 ACS Poverty Counts of individuals with income below 125 percent of poverty in Extracted from the American FactFinder website (

6 State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico 1 New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Annual Annual SNAP Disaster FDPIR Participants 2 Participants 2 Assistance 10,045,339 1,000,626 11,434,803 4,951,966 51,457,511 5,664,272 5,129,365 1,776,344 1,576,087 40,166,855 20,523,839 2,094,699 2,181,338 22,748,244 8,674,605 4,541,690 2,993,896 7,867,421 11,328,141 2,239,131 8,736,555 9,299,932 17,404,196 5,675,422 6,773,541 9,488,182 1,420,911 2,117,039 5,283,832 1,162,211 10,416,393 35,476,743 18,538, ,446 19,040,240 7,364,575 8,655,713 22,306,184 2,045,155 9,100,706 1,147,154 13,103,316 45,561,840 2,609, ,327 9,795,886 11,865,347 4,250,076 8,605, ,060 8, ,949 56,467 5,093 20,062 7,121 24,877 30,829 13,205 40,247 16,468 17,163 5,182 8,087 67, ,626 9, ,683 1,492 5,084 40,444 41,125 13,586 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Program Access Index (PAI) Calculation: , , ,547 Adjusted Annual 2 SNAP Participants 10,045,339 1,000,626 11,434,803 4,951,966 51,457,511 5,664,272 5,129,365 1,776,344 1,576,087 40,166,855 20,523,839 2,094,699 2,181,338 22,748,244 8,674,605 4,541,690 2,993,896 7,867,421 10,908,809 2,239,131 8,736,555 9,299,932 17,404,196 5,675,422 6,773,541 9,488,182 1,420,911 2,117,039 5,283,832 1,162,211 10,416,393 35,476,743 18,301, ,446 19,040,240 7,364,575 8,655,713 22,306,184 2,045,155 9,100,706 1,147,154 13,103,216 45,561,169 2,609, ,327 9,795,886 11,865,347 4,240,529 8,605, ,060 Adjusted Monthly SNAP Participants 837,112 83, , ,664 4,288, , , , ,341 3,347,238 1,710, , ,778 1,895, , , , , , , , ,994 1,450, , , , , , ,319 96, ,033 2,956,395 1,525,093 54,371 1,586, , ,309 1,858, , ,392 95,596 1,091,935 3,796, ,468 78, , , , ,157 34,088 ACS 125% Poverty Count 1,058,934 96,434 1,457, ,036 7,372, , , , ,434 4,042,007 2,084, , ,096 2,134,887 1,188, , ,354 1,006,041 1,165, , , ,835 1,892, , ,735 1,101, , , , ,975 1,216,360 3,625,549 2,032, ,624 2,140, , ,841 2,079, , , ,424 1,350,202 5,645, ,984 95,366 1,188,143 1,069, , ,790 84,601 CA SSI Adjustment 416,986 Monthly FDPIR Participants ,746 4, , ,073 2,569 1,100 3,354 1,372 1, ,666 33, , ,370 3,427 1,132 Adjusted Poverty Count 1,058,934 95,743 1,446, ,036 6,950, , , , ,434 4,042,007 2,084, , ,424 2,134,887 1,188, , ,761 1,006,041 1,165, , , ,835 1,890, , ,635 1,101, , , , ,975 1,216,360 3,625,117 2,031,380 99,958 2,140, , ,076 2,079, , , ,867 1,350,202 5,645, ,560 95,366 1,188,143 1,065, , ,363 83, PAI 2016 PAI Rank 2015 PAI Improvement US 2 517,648,147 1,080, , ,981,126 43,081,761 57,972, ,986 90,021 57,465, Improvement Rank Due to ongoing data issues, FNS did not calculate a PAI for New Mexico. 2. Total Annual SNAP and FDPIR Participants represent the sum of monthly participation and do not represent an actual individual count of participants. Individuals who participated in multiple months are included in the total more than once. Note: ACS: American Community Survey. FDPIR: Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations. CA SSI: Recipients of Supplemental Security Income in California.

7 Calculation of SNAP Program Access Index: 2016 NATIONAL DATA BANK VERSION 8.2 PUBLIC USE 2016 SNAP Participants NATIONAL DATA BANK VERSION 8.2 PUBLIC USE SC6 STATES ASCENDING MONTHLY/ANNUAL DATA Part. People Actual/Final State/Territory Jan16 Feb16 Mar16 Apr16 May16 Jun16 Jul16 Aug16 Sep16 Oct16 Nov16 Dec16 Total 2 Alabama 869, , , , , , , , , , , ,878 10,045,339 Alaska 80,149 82,560 83,933 86,251 85,727 86,218 84,942 85,549 84,825 71,768 83,181 85,523 1,000,626 Arizona 965, , , , , , , , , , , ,941 11,434,803 Arkansas 443, , , , , , , , , , , ,802 4,951,966 California 4,384,491 4,354,226 4,378,063 4,319,732 4,302,479 4,287,282 4,257,428 4,267,498 4,252,654 4,230,399 4,228,297 4,194,962 51,457,511 Colorado 480, , , , , , , , , , , ,844 5,664,272 Connecticut 437, , , , , , , , , , , ,692 5,129,365 Delaware 146, , , , , , , , , , , ,095 1,776,344 District of Columbia 135, , , , , , , , , , , ,767 1,576,087 Florida 3,664,055 3,560,168 3,560,060 3,259,847 3,225,922 3,239,056 3,262,475 3,288,860 3,287,446 3,279,009 3,265,019 3,274,938 40,166,855 Georgia 1,897,350 1,734,949 1,719,210 1,697,022 1,692,442 1,690,889 1,677,306 1,688,336 1,688,832 1,683,945 1,679,738 1,673,820 20,523,839 Hawaii 178, , , , , , , , , , , ,893 2,094,699 Idaho 192, , , , , , , , , , , ,130 2,181,338 Illinois 1,909,279 1,847,703 1,870,177 1,828,522 1,838,917 1,915,113 1,924,612 1,938,304 1,931,575 1,907,969 1,918,930 1,917,143 22,748,244 Indiana 757, , , , , , , , , , , ,962 8,674,605 Iowa 382, , , , , , , , , , , ,404 4,541,690 Kansas 257, , , , , , , , , , , ,963 2,993,896 Kentucky 686, , , , , , , , , , , ,371 7,867,421 Louisiana 864, , , , , , ,861 1,076,773 1,042, , , ,029 11,328,141 Maine 190, , , , , , , , , , , ,737 2,239,131 Maryland 755, , , , , , , , , , , ,358 8,736,555 Massachusetts 787, , , , , , , , , , , ,876 9,299,932 Michigan 1,492,286 1,487,079 1,480,044 1,470,703 1,463,523 1,455,946 1,445,487 1,438,458 1,434,550 1,423,008 1,411,654 1,401,458 17,404,196 Minnesota 483, , , , , , , , , , , ,952 5,675,422 Mississippi 611, , , , , , , , , , , ,951 6,773,541 Missouri 838, , , , , , , , , , , ,135 9,488,182 Montana 114, , , , , , , , , , , ,061 1,420,911 Nebraska 176, , , , , , , , , , , ,490 2,117,039 Nevada 439, , , , , , , , , , , ,145 5,283,832 New Hampshire 99,972 99,450 99,485 98,457 97,582 96,846 95,976 95,542 95,393 94,823 94,539 94,146 1,162,211 New Jersey 888, , , , , , , , , , , ,707 10,416,393 New Mexico 1 New York 2,975,036 2,972,012 2,972,806 2,961,955 2,965,167 2,953,595 2,941,315 2,957,116 2,950,208 2,938,258 2,940,107 2,949,168 35,476,743 North Carolina 1,605,908 1,602,407 1,598,845 1,570,872 1,566,722 1,543,856 1,475,489 1,477,300 1,470,079 1,624,426 1,522,926 1,479,655 18,538,485 North Dakota 54,125 54,395 54,526 54,652 54,538 54,736 54,330 54,602 54,622 54,124 53,995 53, ,446 Ohio 1,627,589 1,629,165 1,628,168 1,610,098 1,601,833 1,591,757 1,566,937 1,576,754 1,564,498 1,553,901 1,549,654 1,539,886 19,040,240 Oklahoma 611, , , , , , , , , , , ,348 7,364,575 Oregon 748, , , , , , , , , , , ,334 8,655,713 Pennsylvania 1,870,344 1,866,888 1,866,954 1,865,182 1,860,827 1,850,791 1,854,367 1,860,044 1,858,232 1,855,129 1,851,309 1,846,117 22,306,184 Rhode Island 172, , , , , , , , , , , ,330 2,045,155 South Carolina 782, , , , , , , , , , , ,365 9,100,706 South Dakota 96,917 96,091 95,646 95,581 95,757 95,154 95,654 95,871 95,655 95,153 95,051 94,624 1,147,154 Tennessee 1,129,940 1,116,052 1,115,967 1,098,423 1,084,434 1,094,374 1,082,601 1,085,101 1,083,880 1,071,344 1,076,784 1,064,416 13,103,316 Texas 3,734,096 3,726,204 3,716,248 3,703,772 3,765,445 3,791,472 3,796,484 3,840,366 3,864,686 3,891,234 3,882,738 3,849,095 45,561,840 Utah 221, , , , , , , , , , , ,946 2,609,619 Vermont 81,549 80,740 79,653 78,890 78,146 78,064 77,456 77,715 78,034 78,092 78,386 78, ,327 Virginia 831, , , , , , , , , , , ,556 9,795,886 Washington 1,036,827 1,036,086 1,029,246 1,013,797 1,003, , , , , , , ,098 11,865,347 West Virginia 357, , , , , , , , , , , ,485 4,250,076 Wisconsin 731, , , , , , , , , , , ,540 8,605,889 Wyoming 34,167 34,399 34,712 34,335 34,063 34,052 33,719 33,960 33,806 33,977 33,771 34, ,060 US 2 44,313,552 43,841,184 43,800,451 43,023,575 42,933,521 42,984,639 42,775,235 43,070,166 42,939,680 42,871,058 42,656,448 42,438, ,648, Due to ongoing data issues, FNS did not calculate a PAI for New Mexico. 2. Total Annual SNAP and FDPIR Participants represent the sum of monthly participation and do not represent an actual individual count of participants. Individuals who participated in multiple months are included in the total more than once. Totals do not include New Mexico. Downloaded August 3, 2017, Jenny Laster Genser

8 2016 Food Distribution Program On Indian Reservations Participants NATIONAL DATA BANK VERSION 8.2 PUBLIC USE SC6 STATES ASCENDING MONTHLY/ANNUAL DATA Number of Participants State/Territory Jan16 Feb16 Mar16 Apr16 May16 Jun16 Jul16 Aug16 Sep16 Oct16 Nov16 Dec16 Total 2 Alabama 0 Alaska ,295 Arizona 12,230 11,303 11,694 11,638 11,625 12,312 12,340 12,290 11,804 11,049 11,244 11, ,949 Arkansas 0 California 4,949 4,729 4,944 4,730 4,596 4,771 4,668 4,777 4,677 4,663 4,687 4,276 56,467 Colorado ,093 Connecticut 0 Delaware 0 District of Columbia 0 Florida 0 Georgia 0 Hawaii 0 Idaho 1,752 1,652 1,601 1,644 1,690 1,669 1,689 1,810 1,722 1,771 1,643 1,419 20,062 Illinois 0 Indiana 0 Iowa 0 Kansas ,121 Kentucky 0 Louisiana 0 Maine 0 Maryland 0 Massachusetts 0 Michigan 2,103 2,063 2,132 2,110 2,105 2,120 2,039 2,034 2,016 2,049 2,086 2,020 24,877 Minnesota 2,573 2,405 2,659 2,663 2,584 2,640 2,536 2,603 2,676 2,594 2,526 2,370 30,829 Mississippi 1, ,066 1,078 1, ,145 1,140 1,256 1,238 1,142 13,205 Missouri 0 Montana 3,391 3,170 3,349 3,318 3,241 3,409 3,350 3,458 3,474 3,429 3,383 3,275 40,247 Nebraska 1,451 1,224 1,343 1,396 1,454 1,466 1,409 1,403 1,437 1,362 1,266 1,257 16,468 Nevada 1,547 1,484 1,503 1,445 1,356 1,449 1,448 1,365 1,430 1,389 1,397 1,350 17,163 New Hampshire 0 New Jersey 0 New Mexico 1 New York ,182 North Carolina ,087 North Dakota 5,712 5,353 5,569 5,723 5,640 6,164 5,963 6,150 5,810 5,767 5,087 5,059 67,997 Ohio 0 Oklahoma 34,097 31,940 32,194 32,405 32,637 34,053 34,209 35,039 34,772 34,613 34,771 33, ,626 Oregon ,175 Pennsylvania 0 Rhode Island 0 South Carolina 0 South Dakota 8,469 7,812 8,463 8,587 8,426 8,724 8,760 9,143 9,034 8,773 8,575 7, ,683 Tennessee 0 Texas ,492 Utah ,084 Vermont 0 Virginia 0 Washington 3,609 3,461 3,530 3,402 3,424 3,321 3,318 3,312 3,328 3,361 3,396 2,982 40,444 West Virginia 0 Wisconsin 3,532 3,322 3,446 3,502 3,355 3,565 3,402 3,383 3,499 3,477 3,305 3,337 41,125 Wyoming 1, ,054 1,118 1,089 1,226 1,122 1,278 1,230 1,289 1,128 1,060 13,586 US 2 94,631 88,865 91,665 91,959 91,410 95,098 94,077 96,236 95,016 93,854 92,650 89,185 1,080, Due to ongoing data issues, FNS did not calculate a PAI for New Mexico. 2. Total Annual SNAP and FDPIR Participants represent the sum of monthly participation and do not represent an actual individual count of participants. Individuals who participated in multiple months are included in the total more than once. Totals do not include New Mexico. Downloaded August 3, 2017, Jenny Laster Genser

9 2016 Disaster Assistance Recipients NATIONAL DATA BANK VERSION 8.2 PUBLIC USE SC6 STATES ASCENDING MONTHLY/ANNUAL DATA Total Number of New Persons Issued DSNAP Benefits State/Territory Jan16 Feb16 Mar16 Apr16 May16 Jun16 Jul16 Aug16 Sep16 Oct16 Nov16 Dec16 Total 2 Alabama 0 Alaska 0 Arizona 0 Arkansas 0 California 0 Colorado 0 Connecticut 0 Delaware 0 District of Columbia 0 Florida 0 Georgia 0 Hawaii 0 Idaho 0 Illinois 0 Indiana 0 Iowa 0 Kansas 0 Kentucky 0 Louisiana 132, , ,332 Maine 0 Maryland 0 Massachusetts 0 Michigan 0 Minnesota 0 Mississippi 0 Missouri 0 Montana 0 Nebraska 0 Nevada 0 New Hampshire 0 New Jersey 0 New Mexico 1 0 New York 0 North Carolina 237, ,371 North Dakota 0 Ohio 0 Oklahoma 0 Oregon 0 Pennsylvania 0 Rhode Island 0 South Carolina 0 South Dakota 0 Tennessee Texas Utah 0 Vermont 0 Virginia 0 Washington 0 West Virginia 3, ,781 9,547 Wisconsin 0 Wyoming 0 US 2 132, , ,611 4, , , Due to ongoing data issues, FNS did not calculate a PAI for New Mexico. 2. Total Annual SNAP and FDPIR Participants represent the sum of monthly participation and do not represent an actual individual count of participants. Individuals who participated in multiple months are included in the total more than once. Totals do not include New Mexico. Downloaded August 3, 2017, Jenny Laster Genser

10 2016 Ammerican Community Survey Poverty Counts GEO_NAME B17002_2_EST B17002_3_EST B17002_4_EST B17002_5_EST Population Population between 50 Population between between 100 and Tota l Population below Population under 50 and 74.9 percent of 75 and 99.9 percent percent of 125 percent of Poverty 2 State percent of poverty poverty of poverty poverty Alabama 356, , , ,703 1,058,934 Alaska 33,035 15,734 22,797 24,868 96,434 Arizona 525, , , ,309 1,457,773 Arkansas 213, , , , ,036 California 2,389,302 1,297,402 1,838,820 1,847,120 7,372,644 Colorado 258, , , , ,601 Connecticut 157,228 74, , , ,210 Delaware 50,068 21,174 36,969 30, ,825 District of Columbia 69,581 22,031 28,696 23, ,434 Florida 1,295, , ,161 1,068,495 4,042,007 Georgia 727, , , ,306 2,084,319 Hawaii 64,908 25,840 38,821 42, ,872 Idaho 102,062 53,004 82,379 82, ,096 Illinois 738, , , ,379 2,134,887 Indiana 409, , , ,721 1,188,798 Iowa 159,453 88, , , ,862 Kansas 151,518 84, , , ,354 Kentucky 339, , , ,981 1,006,041 Louisiana 395, , , ,659 1,165,846 Maine 58,948 43,138 59,663 54, ,266 Maryland 271, , , , ,794 Massachusetts 324, , , , ,835 Michigan 646, , , ,460 1,892,396 Minnesota 238, , , , ,451 Mississippi 267, , , , ,735 Missouri 364, , , ,787 1,101,741 Montana 57,493 31,573 46,572 53, ,687 Nebraska 94,746 50,709 65,998 78, ,719 Nevada 181,573 90, , , ,538 New Hampshire 41,811 23,892 28,586 34, ,975 New Jersey 396, , , ,447 1,216,360 New Mexico 1 New York 1,289, , , ,725 3,625,549 North Carolina 658, , , ,174 2,032,054 North Dakota 40,350 15,663 22,451 27, ,624 Ohio 756, , , ,914 2,140,296 Oklahoma 272, , , , ,848 Oregon 237, , , , ,841 Pennsylvania 702, , , ,165 2,079,210 Rhode Island 55,404 30,914 43,614 40, ,528 South Carolina 345, , , , ,167 South Dakota 56,619 27,651 26,692 32, ,424 Tennessee 445, , , ,025 1,350,202 Texas 1,790,879 1,099,044 1,371,414 1,383,940 5,645,277 Utah 144,180 68,011 94, , ,984 Vermont 34,577 12,908 23,844 24,037 95,366 Virginia 426, , , ,703 1,188,143 Washington 370, , , ,538 1,069,229 West Virginia 141,536 90,772 86, , ,637 Wisconsin 286, , , , ,790 Wyoming 24,810 15,236 24,617 19,938 84,601 TOTAL 2 57,972, Due to ongoing data issues, FNS did not calculate a PAI for New Mexico. 2. Totals do not include New Mexico.