International facts. Last updated November GENERAL. Population

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1 International facts 1 GENERAL Population Of the current total world population of over 6.8 billion, there are over 770 million people aged 60 and over (11% of the total population) 1 By 2050, the over-60 population is predicted to be just over 2 billion 2 Every month, a million people in the world turn 60 3 By about 2015, the number of older people (60+) will have overtaken the number of children (0-14) 4 By the end of the decade, there will be about 106 million people aged 80 or over. By 2050, this figure is projected to nearly quadruple to 395 million 5 By 2050, there are expected to be eight times as many people aged 100 and over as there will be in By 2050, there will be more people aged 60 and over than aged 14 or less 7 In China by 2050, there will be 438 million people aged 60 and over. Of those, 103 million will be 80 or older 8 In less developed countries: The most rapid increases in the 60-and-older population are occurring in less developed countries, which will see a jump of 225 percent (to over 1.5 billion) between 2010 and In 2010, 9 percent of people in less developed countries will be over 60. By 2050, 20 percent of people in less developed countries will be over In 2010, 65 percent of the world s older people (60+) will live in less developed countries. By 2050, this will increase to just short of 80 percent 11 In the world s least developed countries, the 60-and-older population will see a jump of 320 percent (to 185 million) by In urban areas: For the first time in history, more than half of the world s human population, 3.3 billion people, will be living in urban areas 13 By 2030, this is expected to swell to almost 5 billion 14 Life expectancy Of the major countries, the highest rate of life expectancy at birth is in Japan, at 82.2 years. Hong Kong, Iceland, France, Spain, and Switzerland all have a life expectancy of over 81 years 15 The lowest is Haiti, at 30 years; Swaziland and Zimbabwe have a life expectancy of 48 years 16 Men in least developed countries who survived to age 60 can expect to live a further 15 years. Women can expect to live a further 17 years 17 Poverty 100 million older people in developing countries live on less than a dollar a day 18 47% of older people in Sub-Saharan Africa live on less than US$1 per day million older people in Asia live on less than a US$1 a day 20 Four fifths of older people in developing countries have no regular income 21 Last updated November 2010

2 World-wide, an estimated 607 million older people do not have adequate income security. 22 It has been estimated that 1.4 billion people live in extreme poverty, on less than $2 a day 23 Pensions Globally, 72 countries have some form of social (non-contributory) pension. However, 4 out of 5 older people have no access to a pension. 24 In Latin America, 4 in 10 people over 70 receive some type of pension 25 Literacy In China, Uganda and Bolivia, literacy among people aged 60 and over is half that of the total population 26 In % of women over 60 in Mozambique were illiterate (compared with 64% of men over 60) 27 In Bolivia, approximately 8 out of every 10 rural older women do not read or write 28 Emergencies Two weeks after the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster in December 2004, 1,500 older people surveyed in Cuddalore, India, said they had received little or no aid relief, even though distribution had been underway for some time 29 In a 2005 survey, 51 out of 60 humanitarian agencies worldwide reported having policies that identify particular vulnerable groups. 22 of these gave older people their lowest priority or did not rate them as a priority at all. Only three agencies made older people their top priority 30 Dementia Globally, dementia is predicted to affect more than 35 million in 2010, will almost double every 20 years to 65.7 million in 2030 and million in % of individuals with dementia worldwide live in low- and middle-income countries, but this percentage will rise to 70.5% by By 2050, numbers with dementia will rise in East Asia by 117% and 107% in South Asia, 134% to 146% in parts of Latin America, and 125% in North Africa and the Middle East 33 There is a forecast rise by 2050 of 40% in the number of people with dementia in Europe, 63% in North America, 77% in southern Latin America, and 89% in the developed Asia Pacific countries 34 Disease 44 per cent of all world deaths are due non-communicable diseases in older people 35 Throughout the world and particularly in low-income countries, more older people die from respiratory diseases and TB than any other age group, including children 0-14 years 36 Cardiovascular diseases account for the highest proportion of deaths among older people, accounting for 43% of deaths of over 60s in low-income countries. Respiratory disease accounts for 10% 37 Bangladesh HelpAge International estimates that 4.9 million older people live without improved water or sanitation 38 HIV/AIDS An estimated 22 to 26 million people were living with HIV in sub-saharan Africa in

3 In Southern Africa, the region with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence, life expectancy across the region as a whole has fallen from 55 years in , to a projected 43 years in By 2010, UNICEF estimate there may be as many as 16 million children who have lost one or both parents to AIDS in sub-saharan Africa alone. 41 In communities severely affected by HIV and AIDS, around 50% of older people care for orphans and vulnerable children to 60 percent of orphaned children not living with a surviving parent in Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Namibia are living with their grandmothers 43 Help the Aged estimate that up to half of the world s 15 million AIDS orphans are cared for by a grandparent 44 Blindness Globally, in million people were blind 45 Every 5 seconds one person in the world goes blind 46 19% of the world s population is aged 50 or over, but over 82% of the world s blind are in that age group 47 9% of people over 50 in Africa are blind compared to 0.2% of children and adults under Age related cataract is responsible for 48% of world blindness, which represents about 18 million people 49 It is estimated that 75% of all blindness is avoidable 50 Age discrimination 58% of Europeans perceive age-based discrimination as widespread 51 40% of EU citizens think there is widespread age-related discrimination when it comes to buying insurance products 52 31% think the same in relation to housing; 20% in relation to buying goods or using services and 19% about using the healthcare system 53 Living alone Globally, 19% of all women over 60 live alone compared to 9% of men 54 The latest available statistics show that the lowest percentage of people aged 60 and over living alone was in Bahrain (0.7% of the 60+ population). The highest was in Denmark (40%) 55 2 INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES Bangladesh In 2006, 6% (8.3 million) of the population was aged 60 or over and this figure is predicted to rise to 17% by per cent of older people live below the national poverty line. 57 Most older people live in rural areas with limited access to health, water and sanitation and other services. 58 In a recent study 50% of older people in rural Bangladesh suffered chronic energy deficiency and 62% were at risk of malnutrition. 59 The proportion of people over the age of 60 in the labour force is currently 66% for men and 18% for women. 60

4 Vietnam 7.5 million people, representing 9% of the population, are 60 or over, predicted to rise to 12.6 million by per cent of older people live in rural areas and earn low incomes from farming or fishing million older people live below the poverty line. 63 There are 88 men for every 100 women in the population over the age of The proportion of people over the age of 60 in the labour force is currently 50% for men and 31% for women. 65 Life expectancy for 60-year-olds is almost 19 years. 66 The proportion of the voting population over the age of 60 was 13% in This will increase to 33% in World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Selected Tables, United Nations, 2009 (population 2 World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Selected Tables, United Nations, 2009 (population 3 Alexandre Sidorenko presentation, David Hobman memorial lecture, 25 January 2010 (data from UN DESA) 4 Alexandre Sidorenko presentation, David Hobman memorial lecture, 25 January 2010 (data from UN DESA) 5 World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Selected Tables, United Nations, 2009 (population 6 World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database, United Nations, 2009 (population 7 World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Selected Tables, United Nations, 2009 (population 8 China s Long March to Retirement. Jackson, R., Nakajima K., and Howe N., Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington DC and Prudential Foundation, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Selected Tables, United Nations, 2009 (population 10 World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Selected Tables, United Nations, 2009 (population 11 World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Selected Tables, United Nations, 2009 (population 12 World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Selected Tables, United Nations, 2009 (population 13 World Population Ageing 2007, United Nations, World Population Ageing 2007, United Nations, CIA World Factbook, 2010, 16 World Factbook, 2010, 17 HelpAge International Global Ageing Statistics (last modified February 2008) 18 Age and security: How social pensions can deliver effective aid to poor older people and their families, HelpAge International, HelpAge International Fact Sheet Poverty, Work, and Pensions (updated February 2008) 20 HelpAge International Fact Sheet Poverty, Work, and Pensions (updated February 2008) 21 Age and Security, HelpAge International, Social transfers: a critical strategy to meet the MDGs. HelpAge International, Economic and Social Research Council/DFID press release NEW RESEARCH TO FIGHT THE CHALLENGES OF POVERTY 20 July HelpAge International Fact Sheet Poverty, Work, and Pensions (updated February 2008) 25 HelpAge International Fact Sheet Poverty, Work, and Pensions (updated February 2008) 26 HelpAge International Fact Sheet Discrimination and Role in Society (updated February 2008) 27 HelpAge International website at 28 HelpAge International website at 29 HelpAge International website at 30 HelpAge International website at

5 31 World Alzheimer Report 2009, Alzheimer s Disease International, World Alzheimer Report 2009, Alzheimer s Disease International, World Alzheimer Report 2009, Alzheimer s Disease International, World Alzheimer Report 2009, Alzheimer s Disease International, WHO Global Burden of Disease 2004 report, 2008 (Table A5) 36 WHO Global Burden of Disease 2004 report, 2008 (Table A5) 37 WHO Global Burden of Disease 2004 report, 2008 (Table A5) 38 Memorandum submitted to Parliament by HelpAge International, 2006, 39 World Economic and Social Survey 2007: Development in an Ageing World, United Nations, 2007 and AVERT website at 40 World Population Ageing 2007, United Nations, Africa factsheet, Department for International Development, UNDESA Living Arrangements of Older People, UNICEF State of the World s Children, Estimate based on UNAIDS Epidemic Update reports World Health Organisation Factsheet No282, 46 Stronger together: Supporting the vital role played by older people in the fight against the HIV and AIDS pandemic, HelpAge International, 2007 and HelpAge International Fact Sheet on Older People (updated February 2008) 47 World Health Organisation Factsheet No282, 48 Global data on visual impairment in the year Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya'ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, Pokharel GP, et al., Bull World Health Organ Nov;82(11): Priority eye diseases. World Health Organisation, 2010, 50 World Health Organisation Factsheet No282, 51 Eurobarometer on age discrimination, European Commission, Eurobarometer on age discrimination, European Commission, Eurobarometer on age discrimination, European Commission, World Population Ageing 2009, United Nations, World Population Ageing 2009, United Nations, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) quoted in Age Demands Action in Bangladesh, HelpAge International, Age Demands Action in Bangladesh, HelpAge International, The national poverty line is set at 20,000 takas or US$ 300 per year. 58 Age Demands Action in Bangladesh, HelpAge International, Kabir, Ferdous, Cederholm, Khanam,Streatfield and Wahlin, Mini Nutritional Assesment of Rural Elderly People in Bangladesh: the impact of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors (2006), Public Health and Nutriton, Cambridge UniversityPress (Ibid.) 60 Population ageing wallchart, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2006 (Ibid.) 61 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Ageing , 2002, p. 472, worldageing Age Demands Action in Vietnam, HelpAge International, Age Demands Action in Vietnam, HelpAge International, Note: There are two poverty lines in Vietnam, one for rural and the other for urban. In Vietnam, a woman is considered elderly upon reaching the age of 55, and a man upon reaching the age of 60 years. 64 Population ageing wallchart, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), Population ageing wallchart, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), Age Demands Action in Vietnam, HelpAge International, Age Demands Action in Vietnam, HelpAge International, 2007