Additional Financing. Project Number: April Nepal: Establishing Women and Children Service Centers

Transcription

1 Additional Financing Project Number: April 2011 Nepal: Establishing Women and Children Service Centers

2 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 31 March 2011) Currency Unit Nepalese rupee/s (NRe/NRs) NRe1.00 = $ $1.00 = NRs71.60 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank DFID Department for International Development of the United Kingdom GIU grant implementation unit JFPR Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction NGO nongovernment organization WCSC women and children service center NOTES (i) (ii) The fiscal year (FY) of the government and its agencies ends on 15 July. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 31 July In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Vice-President X. Zhao, Operations 1 Director General S. H. Rahman, South Asia Department (SARD) Director T. Matsuo, Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture Division, SARD Team leader Team members E-A.S. Campbell, Social Development Specialist, SARD F. Mathew, Financial Control Specialist, Controller s Department J. Versantvoort, Counsel, Office of the General Counsel In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

3 CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. BACKGROUND 1 III. PROJECT PERFORMANCE 2 IV. THE PROPOSED CHANGES 3 V. ASSESSMENT 4 VI. THE PRESIDENT'S RECOMMENDATION 4 APPENDIXES 1. Revised Design and Monitoring Framework 5 2. Revised Cost Tables 9 3. JFPR Progress Report 11

4 I. INTRODUCTION 1. In July 2009, a grant of $750,000 from the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) was approved by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for establishing Women and Children Service Centers (WCSCs). 1 The government contribution is $58,500 to cover portions of cost requirements and part of (i) incremental recurrent staff costs, (ii) operational costs and costs for equipment and supplies for the WCSCs, and (iii) costs for consultation meetings. The communities will provide $12,000 through participation and in-kind contributions. At the time of the grant approval, the total estimated project cost was $820,500. The grant became effective on 19 January 2010 and is expected to be completed by 19 January The project has experienced cost overruns and additional financing is needed. An additional $195,894 2 cofinancing grant from the Department for International Development (DFID) of the United Kingdom is available. Approval of the ADB Board of Directors is sought on a no-objection basis for ADB to administer the grant in accordance with ADB s Operation Manual (section H.5: Additional Financing). 3 The additional financing will not entail a change in the project scope and implementation. II. BACKGROUND 3. Poverty in Nepal is characterized by the exclusion of poor and vulnerable groups such as low castes, ethnic groups, and women from access to resources and opportunities. Nepal s Tenth Plan (FY2003 FY2007) 4 and the following 3-year interim development plan (FY2008 FY2010) 5 recognize that overcoming low levels of human development requires ensuring development addresses the needs of women, the very poor, and deprived communities, castes, and regions. 4. The high incidence of crimes against women and children, including domestic and other violence, exacerbates the difficulties these groups face in participating in development. Violence against women and children is unacceptable from a social justice standpoint, and has an associated economic cost, as both women and their dependent children experience (i) reduced (a) productivity, (b) participation in community and development activities, (c) control over resources, and (d) self-confidence; and (ii) increased (a) homelessness and helplessness, (b) demand for medical and community support services, and (c) expenditures on police and judicial services. In addition, child abuse, early child labor, and child marriage prevent affected children from participating in education, thereby decreasing their chance of later elevating themselves out of poverty. 5. The central WCSC was established in 1996 at police headquarters and a district WCSC was established in Kathmandu with the main task of investigating crimes against women and children, in close cooperation with various government agencies, nongovernment organizations (NGOs), and civil society. The central WCSC is under the direct command of the crime investigation department of the Nepal Police. Its objective is to create a conducive environment in which women and child victims of crimes feel safe in filing complaints against offenders. It formulates policy and programs for all service centers. Prior to the establishment of WCSCs, the victims of such crimes were reluctant to lodge their complaints against offenders, in particular to 1 ADB Proposed Grant Assistance to Nepal for Establishing Women and Children Service Centers. Manila. ( 2 Equal to 24% of the original grant amount of $820, ADB Additional Financing. Operations Manual. OM H5/BP and H5/OP. Manila (issued on 24 February). 4 National Planning Commission Nepal: Tenth Plan (FY2003 FY2007). 5 National Planning Commission Nepal: Three-Year Interim Plan (FY2008 FY2010).

5 2 male investigating officers, because of privacy and sensitivity issues and the risk of further verbal and/or physical attacks. This situation highlighted the need for a special investigative team composed of female police officers. 6. To date, there are 27 WCSCs, mostly in Kathmandu Valley and in border districts, where the focus is on trafficking. Major issues faced by the existing central and district WCSCs are the lack of (i) recognition of their status as an independent department within the police; (ii) separate allocation of a budget and human resources; (iii) systematic staff training to help WCSCs assist women and child victims of highly sensitive crimes; (iv) systematic, institutionalized coordination with NGOs, communities, and civil society, and of a clear understanding by all stakeholders of the different roles and responsibilities of police and civil society; and (v) awareness by the public at large of their existence and role. The project is intended to address these issues and establish new WCSCs. 7. The goal of the project is to reduce the vulnerability and helplessness of women and children in five districts of Nepal through the provision of professional and coordinated protection and assistance to women and children who are victims of rape, domestic violence, polygamy, alleged witchcraft, child abuse, child marriage, and trafficking. This will increase their chances of reintegration into mainstream society and thus their participation in the development process, leading eventually to poverty reduction. 8. The project is under implementation through its five components: (i) civil society consultation prior to establishing WCSCs, (ii) establishment of five WCSCs in rural districts and one for central Kathmandu, (iii) capacity development, (iv) outreach and networking, and (v) project management. The Nepal Police Headquarters is the executing agency and its central WCSC is the implementing agency, together with district-level WCSCs. 9. A minor change was approved on 19 October 2010 reducing the target districts from seven to five. 6 Four out of five were replacements based on changes in need as evidenced by reported crime incidence since the project was designed. All remain within the original project area which represents the poorest and most disadvantaged areas of Nepal where gender discrimination is pervasive. The change in districts did not change the project s objective, scope, implementation and benefits. 10. All procurement under the project is being conducted in accordance with ADB s Procurement Guidelines (2010, as amended from time to time). International project consultants will be recruited by the executing agency in accordance with ADB s Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2010, as amended from time to time). Local NGOs and consultants are contracted by the grant implementation unit (GIU) in accordance with ADB s Guidelines on the Use of Consultants. Grant funds are being disbursed in accordance with ADB s Loan Disbursement Handbook (2007, as amended from time to time). The government is maintaining separate accounts and records for the project in accordance with sound accounting principles and the Financial Management Guidelines of ADB 7. III. PROJECT PERFORMANCE 11. During the inception mission in March 2010, it was found that the funding for the civil works under this project was insufficient to cover the construction costs for all of six WCSCs. The current fund allocation would allow completion of only three out of the six WCSCs to be 6 Districts are Bara, Dhanusha, Doti (retained), Jumla, and Rautahat. 7 ADB Financial Management and Analysis of Projects. Manila

6 3 constructed. The staff assessment of this cost overrun was that (i) 51% 8 was due to an initial cost estimate found to be based on an inappropriate model; (ii) 39% 9 was due to significant increase in costs of materials, transportation, and labor during the 6 years lapsed between the project design and implementation and (iii) the Nepalese rupee has appreciated against the US dollar during this period After a slow start-up and despite the cost overrun, the pace of implementation started to accelerate when the project coordinator and management consultant joined the GIU in October 2010 to assist in project coordination and monitoring. The project is performing well with physical progress as of February 2011 at 12% against the elapsed period of 36%. Major performance aspects are summarized below: (i) The JFPR progress report (Appendix 3) rated the project not at risk and on track to meet its output targets with major activities including: (a) establishing the GIU and the national project advisory committee in 2010; (b) holding consultation workshops in Bara, Doti, Jumla, and Rautahat before establishment of the WCSCs; (c) launching an advance public information campaign using awareness-raising radio dramas, short films, information posters, and a video documentary in the project districts to sensitize people about the objectives of establishing the WCSC and its services; (d) forwarding expressions of interest and short-listed organizations for the recruitment for the baseline survey on violence against women and children to ADB for review and approval; and (e) approving bidding documents for the construction of the WCSCs in Bara, Doti, and Rautahat. (ii) Contract awards totaled $72,000 (9.6%) and disbursement $66,000 (8%). The disbursement represents the initial advance to the imprest account. (iii) (iv) The project has not encountered any safeguard issues. The executing agency has reiterated its commitment to managing risk by agreeing to (a) have strict financial controls including annual external audits of the project accounts; (b) have special arrangements regarding the use of equipment (which is intended only for the WCSCs), and have the executing agency replace it in case of disappearance; (c) assign women recruits to the WCSCs who have special training in crimes against women and children; (d) not transfer trained staff for at least 3 years; and (e) facilitate the assignment of women staff who can communicate in local languages. 13. The project will deliver significant economic and social benefits to the women and children of Nepal, especially those who are poor and disadvantaged. IV. THE PROPOSED CHANGES 14. ADB approached DFID for additional financing to make up for the shortfall in the cost of construction of the WCSCs. DFID responded by committing $195,894 in cofinancing, which will support completion of the remaining three WCSCs. 8 The cost was taken from a community building at village level from the ADB (2004) L2143:-NEP Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women project (Manila). That building was considerably smaller, built using local materials (e.g., mud), and had no provision for utilities. This original design-cost error accounts for 51% of the cost overrun. The budget also had no provision for escalation since all construction was expected to take place in Year 1. 9 ADB. Jan Domestic Cost Escalation Factors, (percent). Manila. Average inflation in Nepal between FY2000 and FY2010 was 5.7%. Implementation was delayed by 6 years due to heavy insurrection in the project areas during this period. 10 Exchange rate in April 2004 was 1 USD = NRs 73 vs. exchange rate in March 2011 of 1 USD, = NRs 71.6 which accounts for 2% of the cost overrun.

7 4 15. Arrangements for implementation and monitoring and evaluation will remain the same as in the original design. The design and monitoring framework is in Appendix 1. The project implementation period will remain at 4 years, with no change in the implementation schedule. Regarding public relations and financing acknowledgement, of the six WCSCs to be constructed, three will have the JFPR logo exclusively, and three will have both the JFPR and DFID logos. JFPR will still finance the project management cost, and all communication will mention JFPR before DFID. 16. The additional $195,894 contribution from DFID will increase the overall project cost from $820,500 to $1,016,394. The rest of the funding allocation will remain unchanged. The revised cost tables by component and fund sources are in Appendix 2. A comparative financing plan is provided below. Comparative Project Financing Plan ($ 000) Item Original % Revised % Government of Nepal JFPR DFID b Beneficiaries Total a , DFID = Department for International Development of the United Kingdom, JFPR = Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction a Excludes taxes and duties. b Administered by the Asian Development Bank. This amount excludes the Asian Development Bank administration fee, audit costs, and bank charges. Source: Asian Development Bank estimates. V. ASSESSMENT 17. The project scope impact, outcomes, and outputs will remain the same as originally approved. The project will deliver significant economic and social benefits to the women and children of Nepal especially those who are poor and disadvantaged. The additional financing of $195,894 will be used to meet the cost overrun to be incurred above the project cost estimate as originally approved by the President and enable the project to deliver its benefits and development objectives. VI. THE PRESIDENT'S RECOMMENDATION 18. The President recommends that the Board approve the administration by ADB of a grant not exceeding the equivalent of $195,894 as additional financing to Nepal for Establishing Women and Children Service Centers, to be provided by the Department for International Development of the United Kingdom. 19. If the Board approves the recommended changes, the grant agreement will be amended as needed to reflect the changes where appropriate.

8 Appendix 1 5 REVISED DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK Design Summary Impact Reduced vulnerability and helplessness of women and children in five a rural districts of Nepal as victims of crimes such as rape, domestic violence, polygamy, allegations of witchcrafts, child abuse, child marriage, and trafficking. Performance Targets and/or Indicators with Baselines The number of convictions for reported crimes against women and children in the target districts increased by 30% (from 2009 baseline). The number of crimes against women and children decreased by 20% by the end of the project (from 2009 baseline). 50% of the women and children victims that report crimes are reintegrated into the community. Data Sources and/or Reporting Mechanisms Police statistics at national level Police books and district police court reports Duty books and police journals of WCSCs staff ADB evaluation study Evaluation and research reports from donors (e.g., World Bank and DFID) on social inclusion Assumptions and Risks Assumptions Political changes continue to support addressing issues of concern to women. Society continues to be receptive towards an increased role for women and respect for rights of women and children. Prosecutors and judges are committed to the protection of the rights of women and children. Outcome Improved access by Nepalese women and children in five rural districts of Nepal to professional and coordinated protection from and assistance with crimes committed against them Outputs 1. Civil society consultations prior to establishing WCSCs to provide information about the intended purpose and mandate of the WCSCs and to Increase of 30% in the number of reported crimes against women and children in the first 2 years of implementation (from 2009 baseline). 50% increase in confidence in WCSCs and supporting agencies by the end of the project. At least 60% of crimes against women and children reported in the last 2 years of the project are satisfactorily handled by WCSCs and the supporting agencies. By the end of the project, the number of reported crimes against women and children that are prosecuted has increased by 50%. One information campaign through media outlets carried out in the first 6 months of project implementation Police crime reports at district level Public opinion surveys Victim surveys Progress reports from the executing agency Reports from ADB TA review missions Police reports Progress reports from the executing agency Risk Local government agencies and communities are not supportive of activities to reintegrate victims into communities. Assumptions Trained female police officers are transferred infrequently. Trained female police officers communicate in the local language. There is effective networking and coordination among supporting agencies. Male policy officers support female colleagues when needed. Risk Male police officers and men in the communities are reluctant to change their attitudes. Assumption Executing agency continuously engages with civil society. Risks

9 6 Appendix 1 Design Summary have local communities identify their main concerns related to crimes against women and children 2. Established the central WCSC in Kathmandu and five WCSCs in Bara, Dhanusha, Doti, Jumla, and Rautahat. Performance Targets and/or Indicators with Baselines Three workshops carried out in each districts, with outcome reports by month 6 One survey in the project districts in years 1 and 3, with analytical reports on the results One strategy paper for each new WCSC developed by month 6 One central WCSC operational in Kathmandu within year 1 The five target districts have an operational WCSC and network of supporting agencies within year 3 Data Sources and/or Reporting Mechanisms Minutes of focus groups and network meetings Minutes of communities meetings Public opinion survey reports Aide memoire from ADB review missions Assumptions and Risks Equipment dedicated to WCSCs used for regular police operations Civil society is reluctant to fully cooperate with the police. 3. Strengthened institutional capacity of the Nepal Police and civil society in dealing with crimes against women and children WCSCs provided with basic office package (computer, printer, camera, tape recorder, basic office furnishing, and accessories) Five modules and a training skills module focused on improving behavioral skills of police officers in the area of crimes against women and children are adapted to include elements on how to deal with crimes against women and children by year 2. Two specialized interactive training course developed on counseling and investigative techniques by year 2 The above training modules and the interactive training courses are integrated into the permanent curriculum of both the Police Academy and the regional police training centers (for the basic police training courses). 50% of the victims have access to the counseling services offered by the WCSCs. 30 police trainers trained in the new training programs 80 staff of WCSCs trained in policing with society, stress and trauma prevention for police officers, and investigative skills 50 WCSC staff and 250 representatives of supporting agencies jointly trained on

10 Appendix 1 7 Design Summary Performance Targets and/or Indicators with Baselines domestic violence, rape and sexual assault, sexual abuse of children, treatment of victims, and communication skills Data Sources and/or Reporting Mechanisms Assumptions and Risks 4. Expanded, strengthened, and institutionalized networking on issues related to crimes against women and children between the district WCSCs and supporting agencies Standard operating procedures (SOPs) on how to treat victims of crimes against women and children have been notified to all police stations and WCSCs by end of year 2 of the project Five districts have a functional district network that has met at least 10 times in the previous year by the end of the project. District-level MOUs signed between WCSCs and other supporting agencies By the end of the project, additional support (such as legal aid, medical or housing support) is provided to victims in 60% of crimes against women and children reported to the WCSCs. Public awareness campaign on crimes against women and children and the role of WCSCs and other supporting agencies implemented continuously Activities with Milestones 1. Civil society consultations prior to establishing WCSCs to provide information about the intended purpose and mandate of the WCSCs and to have local communities identify their main concerns related to crimes against women and children. Activity Scheduled Start Scheduled Finish 1.1 Establish grant implementation unit Jan 19, 2010 Feb 18, 2010 within month Recruit consultants in coordination Apr 19, 2010 May 18, 2010 with ADB within month Provide reports and information to Apr 19, 2010 May 18, 2010 the consultants within month Establish project advisory committee Apr 19, 2010 May 18, 2010 at national level within month Consult with and provide information Jul 19, 2010 Aug 18, 2010 to local communities on the mandate of WCSCs within month Implement information campaign Jul 19, 2010 Aug 18, 2010 within month Conduct three workshops in each Jul 19, 2010 Aug 18, 2010 district within month Engage a survey organization for the initial survey within month 6 Jul 19, 2010 Aug 18, 2010 Inputs JFPR - $750,000 DFID b - $195, Established the central WCSC in Kathmandu and 5 WCSCs in Bara, Dhanusha, Doti, Jumla, and Rautahat. Activity Scheduled Start Scheduled Finish 2.1 Manage civil works for the construction of the six WCSCs continuous from month 6 to month 36 Jul 19, 2010 Jan 19, 2013

11 8 Appendix 1 Design Summary Performance Targets and/or Indicators with Baselines Data Sources and/or Reporting Mechanisms Assumptions and Risks 3. Strengthened institutional capacity of the Nepal Police and Civil society in dealing with crimes against women and children. Activity Scheduled Start Scheduled Finish 3.1 Develop two specialized interactive Jul 19, 2010 Aug 18, 2010 training modules within month Adapt 5 training modules on Jul 19, 2010 Aug 18, 2010 behavioral skills of police trainers within month Train police trainers, police staff, and representatives of NGOs and communities from month 1 to month 24 Jan 19, 2010 Feb 19, Expanded, strengthened, and institutionalized networking on issues related to crimes against women and children between the district WCSCs and supporting agencies. Activity Scheduled Start Scheduled Finish 4.1 Develop MoU to be signed by Jan 19, 2011 Feb 18, 2011 WCSCs and NGOs within month Organize monthly meetings for the networking activities continuous from month 12 to month 48 Jan 19, 2011 Jan 19, 2014 ADB = Asian Development Bank, DFID = Department for International Development, MOU = memorandum of understanding, NGO = nongovernment organization, TA = technical assistance, WCSC = Women and Children Service Centers. a On 19 October 2010, a minor change to decrease the number of target districts from 7 to 5 was approved by the director, Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture Division; 4 of the 5 were replacements based on reported crime incidents. b Supplementary funding received from DFID. Source: Asian Development Bank.

12 Inputs / Expenditure category REVISED COSTS TABLES Table A2.1: Detailed Cost Estimates by Expense Category ($) Grant Components Component A Civil Society Consultations Prior to Establishing W6SCS Component B Establishment of WCSCs Component c Capacity Building Component D Outreach and Networking, Component E Project Management Total (Input) Percent 1. Civil Works (including technical surveys and designs, and supervision of constructions) 2. Equipment and Supplies (e.g., power tools, turbines, excavation and construction tools, agricultural tools and equipment, communications devices, audio-visual, computing and other office equipment, furniture, etc.) 3. Training, Workshops, Seminars, Public Campaigns (e.g., resource persons, technical training specialists, community mobilizes and organizers, venue rental, travel, food and accommodation for participants and other related costs) 4. Consulting Services (e.g., for surveys, assessments and reviews, technical specialists, advisors, external auditors, etc., including related costs such as travel, accommodation, and per diem) 5. Grant Management (management of the specific components and of the PIU, including wages for project staff, travel costs and per diem, office equipment, rental, O&M, and recurrent costs, etc.) 6. Other Inputs: {For other specific project inputs that cannot be included in any of the above categories, such as, specific livelihood development costs by specialized NGOs, seed capital and funds for establishing micro-finance systems, etc.) 7. Contingencies (0% 10% of total estimated grant fund) Use of contingencies requires prior approval from ADB. Subtotal JFPR grant financed Government contribution {e.g., salaries for government staff, provision of project office, land acquisition, participation in workshops and/or meetings) Community's Contributions (mostly in kind): {e.g., participation in all training and community development; land development, and in-kind labor contribution through food for work) 1 436, , ,000 54, , ,500 50, , ,000 14, , , ,500 10,500 41, ,500 13, ,000 20,000 7,000 5,000 5,000 41, , , ,000 68, , , ,000 22,000 11,000. 5,000 14,500 58,500 7,000 4,000 1,000 12, Total Estimated Costs 54, , ,000 74, ,000 1,016,394 ADB = Asian Development Bank, NGO = nongovernment organization, O&M = operation and maintenance, PIU = project implementation unit, WCSC = Women and Children Service Center. Source: Asian Development Bank estimates. 5.7 Appendix 2 9

13 10 Appendix 2 Table A2.2: Detailed Cost Estimates by Component and Fund Source ($) Code Supplies and Services Rendered Unit Quantity Units Cost per Unit Total Fund Source (Amount) JFPR DFID GOV Communities Method of Procurement Component A: Civil Society Consultations Prior to Establishing WCSCs 1.3 Training, Workshops, and Seminars Information Campaign Lump sum 7 2,000 14,000 14, Community Meetings Lump sum 7,000 4,000 2,000 1, Surveys Lump sum 2 9,500 19,000 19, Community participation 10,000 4,000 6,000 Subtotal 50,000 37, ,000 7,000 Component B: Establishment of WCSCs 2.1 Civil Works Central WCSCs Lump sum 1 61,231 61,232 30,500 30,732 NCB WCSCs at district level Lump sum 5 75, , , ,162 NCB 2.2 Equipment and Supplies Central WCSCs Lump sum 1 5,000 5,000 5,000 Shopping WCSCs at district level Lump sum 5 9,800 49,000 49,000 Shopping 2.4 Consulting Services National Consultant Engineer person-month 2 3,000 6,000 6,000 INDV 2.5 Management and Coordination of this Component Component 1 - Staff INDV Travel and Per Diem Operational Costs Year 1 Lump sum 5 3,500 17,500 14,500 3,000 Operational Costs Year 2 Lump sum 5 3,500 17,500 10,500 7,000 Operational Costs Year 3 Lump sum 5 3,500 17,500 5,500 12,000 Subtotal 548, , ,894 22,000 0 Component C: Capacity Building 1.2 Equipment and Supplies Project Office 4,500 4,500 PDFS Office Supply 1,500 1,500 PDFS 1.3 Training, Workshops, and Seminars Curricula Development (adaptation of modules, manuals, programs) Lump sum 39,500 38,500 1, Training of Trainers Trainee ,000 18,500 1,500 1, Training of WCSCs Staff Trainee ,000 8,000 1, Joint training of WCSCs and NGOs staff Trainee ,000 69,000 3, Workshop on internal procedures Lump sum 9,500 9, Consulting Services Curriculum Development on couseling (national) Day ,750 3,750 INDV Curriculum Development on investigation skills (international) Day ,000 7,000 INDV Curriculum Development on investigation skills (national) Day ,750 3,750 INDV 1.5 management and Coordination of this Component Component 1 - Staff 1,000 1, Travel and Per Diem Operational Costs Subtotal 173, , ,000 4,000 Component D: Outreach and Networking 1.3 Training, Workshops, Seminars Public Awareness Campaign Lump sum 5 7,000 35,000 35, Community Meetings Year 1 Lump sum ,000 6, Community Meetings Year 2 Lump sum ,000 5,000 1, Community Meetings Year 3 Lump sum ,000 4,000 1, Other Project Inputs (Specify: e.g., costs for NGO's, microfinance) District Networks Year 1 Lump sum ,500 5, District Networks Year 2 Lump sum ,500 4,500 1, District Networks Year 3 Lump sum ,500 3,500 1, Subtotal 69,500 63, ,000 1,000 Component E: Project Management 3.3 Consulting Services (e.g., for management and monitoring/assessments) External Audit 10,000 10, Domestic Consultant for Management person-month 36 2,000 72,000 72,000 INDV Domestic Consultant for Civil Works person-month 18 1,500 27,000 27,000 INDV 3.4 Management and Coordination of this Component Component 1 - Staff 4,000 4, Travel and Per Diem Lump sum 15,000 10,500 4, Operational Costs Lump sum 6,000 6,000 Subtotal 134, , ,500 0 Components A - E = Subtotal 975, , ,894 58,500 12,000 Contingency (Maximum 10% of total JFPR Contribution 41,000 41,000 Total Grant Costs 1,016, , ,894 58,500 12,000 DFID = Department for International Development of the United Kingdom, GOV = Government of Nepal, INDV = individual consultants, JFPR = Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction, NCB = national competitive bidding, NGO = nongovernment organization, PDFS = purchase directly from a supplier, WCSC = women and children service center. Source: Asian Development Bank estimates.

14 Appendix 3 11