International and regional cooperation and coordination

Transcription

1 Contents: Commitments to International Cooperation to Accelerate Sustainable Development in : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development 1. Stakeholders: Governments 1.1 Promoting sustainable development through trade Finance and cost evaluation 1.2 Providing adequate financial resources to developing Activities Meeting international targets of official development assistance funding Addressing the debt issue Finance and cost evaluation 1.3 Encouraging economic policies conducive to sustainable development Finance and cost evaluation 2. Stakeholder: International Community 2.1 Promoting sustainable development through trade Activities International and regional cooperation and coordination Management-related activities Data and Information 2.2 Providing adequate financial resources to developing Activities Addressing the debt issue 3. Stakeholders: GATT, UNCTAD and other relevant international and regional economic institutions, encouraged by Governments 3.1 Promoting sustainable development through trade Activities Data and Information 3.2 Making trade and environment mutually supportive Activities 4. Stakeholders: Industrialized and other able 4.1 Encouraging economic policies conductive to sustainable development Activities Management-related activities 1

2 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development International and regional cooperation and coordination 2

3 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development 1. Stakeholder: Governments 1.1 Promoting sustainable development through trade Finance and cost evaluation The Conference secretariat has estimated the average total annual cost ( ) of implementing the activities of this programme area to be about $8.8 Art 2.17 billion from the international community on grant or concessional terms. How much of this sum has the government contributed? Has the government decided upon any specific strategies and/or programmes? 1.2 Providing adequate financial resources to developing Activities CSD IX Art 26 Have environmental issues, that bear on the international economic environment been approached effectively through a constructive dialogue and genuine partnership on the basis of mutuality of interests and benefits, taking into account that, in view of the different contributions to global environmental Whole population degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities? Meeting international targets of official development assistance funding Has the government provided new and additional resources to support programmes in accordance with chapter 33 of? Art Addressing the debt issue Have Governments undertaken substantial bilateral debt reduction to the poorest and most indebted? Poorest Art

4 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Finance and cost evaluation Has the government considered chapter 33 of for finance and cost evaluation guidelines for this area? Chapter Encouraging economic policies conducive to sustainable development Finance and cost evaluation The Conference secretariat has estimated the average total annual cost ( ) of implementing the activities of this programme area to be about $50 Art 2.41 million. How much of this sum has the government contributed? Has the government decided upon any specific strategies and/or programmes? 2. Stakeholder: International Community 2.1 Promoting sustainable development through trade Activities International and regional cooperation and coordination Has the international community halted or reversed protectionism in order to bring about further liberalization and expansion of world trade, to the benefit of Art 2.10 (a) all, in particular the developing? 4

5 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Art 2.10 (b) Has the international community provided an equitable, secure, non-discriminatory and predictable international trading system? Art 2.10 (c) Has the international community facilitated, in a timely way, the integration of all into the world economy and the international trading system? Governments Art 2.10 (d) Has the international community ensured that the environment and trade policies are mutually supportive, with a view to achieving sustainable development? Art 2.10 (e) Has the international community strengthened the international trade policies system through an early, balanced, comprehensive and successful outcome of the Uruguay Round of multinational trade negotiations? Source Recommendation Target Gr oup Target Date Reference Art 2.11 Has the international community aimed at finding ways and means of achieving a better functioning and enhanced transparency of commodity markets, greater diversification of the commodity in developing economies within a macroeconomic framework that takes into consideration a country s economic structure, resource endowments and market opportunities, and better management of natural resources that takes into account the necessities of sustainable development? 5 Commodity Art 2.12 Has the international community implemented previous commitments to halt and reverse protectionism and further expand market access, particularly in area of interest to developing?

6 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Management-related activities Art 2.13 (a) Has the international community created a domestic environment supportive of an optimal balance between production for the domestic and export markets and removed biases against exports and discouraged inefficient import-substitution? Art 2.13 (b) Has the international community promoted the policy framework and the infrastructure required to improve the efficiency of export and import trade as well as the functioning of domestic markets? Art 2.14 (a) Has the international community expanded processing, distribution and improved marketing practices and the competitiveness of the commodity? Commodity Art 2.14 (b) Has the international community diversified in order to reduce dependence on commodity exports? Art 2.14 (c) Has the international community reflected upon the efficient and sustainable use of the factors of production in the formation of commodity prices, including the reflection of environmental, social and resources costs? Data and Information 6

7 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Has the international community sought optimal functioning of commodity markets, inter alia, through improved market transparency involving exchanges Commodity Art 2.16 (a) of views and information on investment plans, prospects and markets for individual commodities? Art 2.16 (b) Has the international community continued to apply compensation mechanisms for shortfalls in commodity export earnings of developing in order to encourage diversification efforts? c.) How was it me asured? Art 2.16 (c) Has the international community provided assistance to developing upon request in the design and implementation of commodity policies and the gathering and utilization of information on commodity markets? Source Recommendati on Target Group Target Date Reference Art 2.16 (d) Has the international community supported the efforts of developing to promote the policy framework and infrastructure required to improve the efficiency of export and import trade? Art 2.16 (e) Has the international community supported the diversification initiatives of the developing at the national, regional and international levels? 2.2 Providing adequate financial resources to developing Activities Addressing the debt issue 7

8 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Art (a) Has the international community encouraged with heavy debts to banks to negotiate similar commercial bank debt reduction with their creditors? 8 Governments with heavy debts Art 2.27 (b) Has the international community taken into due account both the medium-term debt reduction and new money requirements of the debtor country? Art 2.27 (c) Has the international community actively been engaged in the strengthened international debt strategy to continue to support debt-reduction packages related to commercial bank debt with a view to ensuring that the magnitude of such financing is consonant with the evolving debt strategy? Has the international community encouraged creditor banks to participate in debt and debt-service reduction? Creditor banks Art 2.27 (d) 2.27 (e) Has the international community encouraged strengthened policies to attract direct investment, avoid unsustainable levels of debt and foster the return of flight capital? Is the international community servicing debt and safeguarding their credit worthiness? Governments Art 2.29 Art 2.30 In connection with multilateral debt, has the international community encouraged given serious attention to continuing to work towards growth-oriented solutions to the problem of developing with serious debt-servicing problems, including those whose debt is mainly to official creditors or to multilateral financial institutions? Debtor

9 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development 3. Stakeholders: GATT, UNCTAD and other relevant international and regional economic institutions, encouraged by Governments 3.1 Promoting sustainable development through trade Activities Data and Information Has GATT, UNCTAD and other relevant institutions continued to collect appropriate trade data and information? International Art 2.15 institutions 3.2 Making trade and environment mutually supportive Activities Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions elaborated on adequate studies for the better understanding of the Art 2.22 (a) relationship between trade and environment for the promotion of sustainable development? Art 2.22 (b) Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions promoted a dialogue between trade, development and environmental communities Trade, development, and environmental communities 9

10 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Art 2.22 (c) In the cases when trade measures are related to the environment, have GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions ensured transparency and compatibility with international obligations? Art 2.22 (d) Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions dealt with the root causes of environment and development problems in a manner that avoids the adoption of environmental measures resulting in unjustified restrictions on trade? Art 2.22 (e) Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions sought to avoid the use of trade restrictions or distortions as a means to offset differences in cost arising from differences in environmental standards and regulations, since their application could lead to trade distortion and increase protectionist tendencies? Whole population Art 2.22 (f) Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions ensured that environmental-related regulations or standards, including those related to health and safety standards, do not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade? Art 2.22 (g) Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions ensured that special favours affecting environment and trade policies in the developing are borne in mind of the application of environmental standards, as well as in the use of any trade measures? Art 2.22 (h) Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions encouraged participation of developing in multilateral agreements through such mechanisms as special transitional rules? 10

11 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Art 2.22 (i) Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions avoided unilateral actions to deal with environmental challenges outside the jurisdiction of the importing country? Art 2.22 (j) Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions developed more precision, where necessary, and clarified the relationship between GATT provisions and some of the multilateral measures adopted in the environment area? Art 2.22 (k) Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions ensured public input in the formation, negotiation and implementation of trade policies as a means of fostering increased transparency in the light of country-specific conditions? Public Art 2.22 (l) Has GATT, UNCTAD, and other relevant international and regional economic institutions ensured that environmental policies provide the appropriate legal and institutional framework to respond to new needs for the protection of the environment that may result from changes in production and trade specialization? 4. Stakeholders: Industrialized and other able 4.1 Encouraging economic policies conductive to sustainable development Activities Management-related activities 11

12 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) encouraged a stable and predictable international economic environment, Art 2.35 (a) particularly with regard to monetary stability, real rates of interest and fluctuations in key exchange rates? Art 2.35 (b) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) encouraged stimulated savings and reduced fiscal deficits? Art 2.35 (c) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) ensured that the processes of policy coordination take into account the interests and concerns of the developing, including the need to promote positive action to support the efforts of the least developed to halt their marginalization in the world economy? Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) undertaken appropriate national macroeconomic and structural policies aimed at Art 2.35 (d) promoting non-inflationary growth, narrowing major external imbalances and increasing the adjustment capacity of your economies? Art 2.36 (a) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) strengthened your effort at implementing sound economic policies that maintain the monetary and fiscal discipline required to promote price stability and external balance? Art 2.36 (b) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) strengthened your efforts at implementing sound economic policies that result in realistic exchange rates? 12

13 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Art 2.36 (c) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) strengthened your efforts at implementing sound economic policies that raise domestic savings and investment as well as improving returns to investment? Art 2.37 (a) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) removed the barriers to progress caused by bureaucratic inefficiencies, administrative strains, unnecessary controls on the neglect of market conditions? Art 2.37 (b) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) promoted transparency in administration and decision-making? Art 2.37 (c) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) encouraged the private and fostered entrepreneurship by improving institutional facilities for enterprise creation and market entry? Private Art 2.37 (d) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) promoted and supported the investment and infrastructure required for sustainable economic growth and diversification on an environmentally sound and sustainable basis? 13

14 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Art 2.37 (e) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) provided scope for appropriate economic instruments, including market mechanisms, in harmony with the objectives of sustainable development and fulfilment of basic needs? Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) promoted transparency in administration and decision-making? Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) promoted the operation of effective tax systems and financial s? Art 2.37 (f) Art 2.37 (g) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) provided opportunities for small-scale enterprises, both farm and non-farm, and for the indigenous population and local communities to contribute fully to the attainment of sustainable development? Small-scale enterprises Art 2.37 (h) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) removed biases against exports and in favour of inefficient import substitution, established policies that allow them to benefit fully from the flows of foreign investment, within the framework of national, social, economic and developmental goals? Governments Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) promoted the creation of a domestic economic environment support of an optimal Art 2.37 (i) balance between production for the domestic and export markets? International and regional cooperation and coordination Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) enhanced your efforts to provide developing with increased technical Art 2.38 (a) assistance for capacity-building in the nations design and implementation of polices, upon request? 14

15 : Chapter 2 and UN Commission Sustainable Development Art 2.38 (b) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) enhanced your efforts to provide developing with increased technical assistance for the design and operation of efficient tax systems, accounting systems and financial s? Art 2.38 (c) Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) enhanced your efforts to provide developing with increased technical assistance for promotion of entrepreneurship? CSD 19 th Special Session Have industrialized (and other in favourable positions) fostered a dynamic and enabling international economic environment favourable to all is in the interest of all? Moreover, have issues, including environmental issues, that bear on the international economic environment been approached through a constructive dialogue and genuine partnership on the basis of mutuality of interests and benefits, taking into account that, in view of the different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities? 15