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- Loren Merritt
- 6 years ago
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6 *+ <":+ >8?&" <"L3?= 12& -9» <"%=> OG + «(<" (" 14Z= (% 12FZ) P"" 9 <W 3C + (" ()3F2 %&+ 1Z9" + :B9 l;" G39 1 -" ; <W Š? 1 -" P" *X".": %&+ 1Z9" (" 9 19 * E8 + (:=P: <"L3 G39 + " G39 L3 + (" 9 + (" ()3F2!" * )aw <"L3 G39 G3=x8).(i OG +)." %&+ 1Z9" (" 9 + (" 9 * 8?>" + : <: ("13 ; 19 (A?B" =313 ; 1 -" P" < % qr " O3+0 l;" + (9" " " (+.% X= -3- $^+ O1_ %- O("%-9 (,9 <"L3.: 13 ; 19 + :" 12& G?!" " <W +Q 9 %&+!" -" 34 * 37=" 1 O%8> E& +? ":9 :>.((Qn!" E4 19 i : O13%) -" & 9"9 E-+!" # : U3; 1 -" P" < 4340 K 5M 12& "" >8?&" P7 9 (+ N 19.-" 49 1MHn ("9 (+^ ":=` :="% 8 :" =3 >8?&" P7 12& 1 (34 "" -".(<8)!" E4 19 : OK W) := 9 1? " >8?&" <& h%8x OUV3A0 OE_ O:W OG- ()3_? 9 :3 G8^.K".( C%!- %m> + =3 OgQ 19 8?>" O>8?&" + (A?B" P7 () ()3_?!" gq 19 8?>" + "%- OG- 1 := <"%=> "" -3- <"L3.(Barkan, 1999: 63-76) :=?) >8?&" <"L3 9 CD + :=8 :B } Z " 9 5M E"%> «("12& ()%».? L3 GF+" G3F+ <" 1? a 1 3a 1X3? +!" P: *X" U := <? <"L3 3" ()K- F+ O:"1? " E8 12& 19 <"L3 "" 9.-" P: 9"9 + <# (378` %0 19 P:0? U," s p 1- D.L.sheth 2- Olsen
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8 ** «12& ("9» ("19 L& (L3` OPa: G"!".:=).(fi : O]HT( ) :% Š39 <W M3 ("9 12& (m>" <W 9 1 -" N O12&!" ( ) OF#" '3=38 <"!"1N P:34> 19?- G (3=9 + :+W 1ZH- 0 " 7 ()<" O)<"!" 9?- G (3=9." 3r <"% " 34" + 5H!" ("1?-%3 ()%7F" O12& O<"!"1N G" :!".-" (,-: *N <8) 1 " SH2 3=& 19 (78? ()*W 19 1%7` 1 :3a (,-: ST!" ) ()3=38.:+W % UN 0 " W "3n "%&% <"%=> 19 + :== P7 34" 0 " <! <" O<W 1 :7" N " «(,-:» L3 1"+#"+ 18) O3a" >8?&" <!- y + & *N y <"%=> 19 *N G" + :+W E3F 19 OF"M3F '3=38 <"!"1N P:34> 19.-" P%9 a: )<# + )<! >8?&" () %- + :% +:0 % <8)!" <! 1 -" =& e32m 9 1 :"=& q ()@4 G38) $B"+.% P! 'B g=& + ("9 +Q?.:+W %&+ 19 1?9"+ "%&% W!" O:== E380 <! ("9 1 ("PR+ 5" " )?- :== 2- <! <W T 1 -" % :=" <! (!-:=8"%» UM> 19.(Ugbomeh, 2001: 293) «:!- <%aa O" P7 13 ; " W 1 PaW % + ()1?-"% + )!3!" <! <W T 1 -" (:=" (!-:=8"%» 7 H8> ("9 *!, "%!" + :== %4 % " J:) 19 93?- UŽ& :% ":3 % " (?39 gq 19 8?>" $B"+.:% "%9 % ()1?-"% G?- )1N - JV9 (!-:=8"% 1N.(f~ : O<"7 + 9?) «:== 1a ()@4 19 O:" :3 <! ()@4!" # 9 = 1 <! E -9 P!%; OgQ 19 8?>" O(+9% 19 OE :3F% + 9 P+V> O=2 " 1&% <!.!" L3 h8?&" + P"% %" <! + %m; *X" ().r?" ("a3c Oa:!.r?" S; O<! (!-:=8"% 1N» + ( $9= K?= + -?- OU"33_ & + h% O12& P"% P:
9 *4,-&. & 0 *+! " #$% & &'( )" & 12&?- W G3M $B"+ + <! "% () 18) (3n.(Bhasin, 1996: 22-45) «-" + $9= 19 (= % ::4?2 (!-:=8"% 1N <;"T EI; $9= G"!" (:=P9 O<W ST!" 1 " 7?9 (:=" 19 1#H9 O3 P 9 :="%?9 :9 1#H9 := 9 P:% "%9 ()P+a '#; 54 :M <!.a %4 W 9 <:W SŒ + UV# 3r ()3H9B O12& 1 :" (+^ 12-% 19 93?- ("9 " 1H; f!" a 1 (!-:=8"% 1N.:== 1H; O 1H; O)aW 1H; O-?- 1H; OP 1H; :!" := M> ] & + P"% (3a'38A :=" <! 9"9 %m; 9 :3 1H;.K?= + "&" : O(L19 OUV# -= O)!3-9 <!.-" W <: :=8"% ("9 O: 3C <!!" (% ) T 93!" 19 OgQ 19 8?>" G?,9 1 ::4?2 1N G" <"":T.-" (+^.:X" <W 19 <! G?,9 + 12& <! + %& <"% 3) G" <"!"1N!" + % f 1) 1FM 1N E3# >8?&" <& O1FM 1N ]FB.9 * " G8H + L%- O+V9?3 OL=%) + 13M= + " ()+!- 1Z-"+ 19 $= 1FM K; 1 >8?&" <"7=!" P:.r?" 1N := O( ()1N!" *F" 9 1FM 1N.:=?) 1=L) + P: + P:) :;"+ % y3-v E# q%ar9 (A?B" "ap: 1N L3 + 4Z= ()@= G33M KM 19 r 1& + P" "B l34 " % E3H0 YZ-!".-" 7= P: 3M2 (3n + ( E"%>!" (3aP9 9 <" >8?&" (3 + % 19 M -" 7 (gq 19 8?>") (3=9 8?>" O]?# G" Pa: + "" 1 a #Q G" %4 ]&% +!- C? " K8>" +? 1 <%"3 O(LM =0) :"a 10I +9 G" UMC + "8?-" 9 + :8?>" E9B <& %" JV9 >8?&" 1FM 1 ::4?2 O1FM ]?# <"!"1N G3=x8).( :i 8?>" G3=x8) + +W %&+ 19 8?>" r % <+ + "" G39 (A?B" 1FM
10 *5 ]&% <V YZ- + % 7:# 9 "" 3838I +?-+ p>9 YZ- L8 9 1FM <"!"1N.(c :c O3") a 12& *X" + 1FM 1 ::4?2 ((A?B" 1FM + >8?&" 1FM) 1FM h% + G39 <: EB.:= ')" qr " G39 8?>" + gq 19 8?>" X" ("9 " (:> 1=3! O>8?&" $B"+ + %.%0 L3 >8?&" *X" >% >8?&" 1FM O3) G" N!" < <"%! U%I 19 " 1Z9" G".-" 12& ""?39 ("9 H> :" >8?&" 1FM 8?>"?-+ >8?&" *X" >8?&" s *X" 1 O '3+ <%` -= 12& < %#3 CW >8?&" *X" 19 1&% } G39." ("PR+ P7& g3% + O:" >8?&"? + E8> HI" 1QFD " #." %&+ E2? 1Z9" >% >8?&" *X" + >8?&".-" <"7 9 G? " E2 + wm " ("9 E94? 3 + 3H9B O ()w >8?&" <+2 + >8?&" ()? (=39@3 =2 (3=9 E + >8?&" + E# + E; 9.-" <Ma 19 - <W 9 P%4F9 >8?&" 'N ) 1 := E; " >8?&" + >8?&" (#8) ("9 1=3! OE94? 8?>" % 9 <L8) + % : OMH`) :W ')" O-" >8?&" 12-% + VI" ("9 % 1 1xW O-" P: <"%=> +" (A?B" + >8?&" % 1#=` O*= N 19.( g; %9 1?- t#" (A?B" + >8?&" ():=" " * B" 18).( : O*= ) %9 >8?&" *X" + 1`t# h8?&" y 19 SH !4! !" <! >8?&" 9 CD E"%> G %N= G" 1N O<! (!-:=8"% 1N O(8> 83F- 1N <%x8)) 12-% + ()1N + "r?-" (N.%``!" G" ()3_?.-" P: PQ?-"...+ 1FM 1- Durkheim 2- Toennies
11 *6,-&. & 0 *+! " #$% & &'( )" & (,- k%q +?3=& e32m ()3_? :!" := M> P: 1?a 19 )13^ (!-1=3! 1 )!" #.:"P:?=?-"?3=38 ()1N!" ^; S340 P"%?-.-" P"% O:8 Q" :"% <! >8?&" + 1? " %&+ y P"%8) OP"% *) lž 1 -" P%9 ("1%a 19 ':B <"+.-" P E380 P"% 9 " ":M?-" >% + P%9 +" P:> 9 )(3a'38A ]Fn!" )1 F+ -" (+:; %= <"+ (,- G" 1 :=` )!" # <"%=> 19 <! 1#=" 19 1&% 9 + ":3 12& <"% " (,- #Q G" 19 1&% 9?9 P"%?- U"33_ g O:== P"% --" <" VI" " P"% O<! 32B% >8?&" + 7=) VI" + 3a *X" <! <! (!-:=8"% 1N + 1FM 1N!" ((+9%) gq 19 8?>" 3_?. :)"% <W T 1 -" (:=" (!-:=8"% O<! (!-:=8"% 1N SMT 9.-" P: 1?a % " J:) 19 93?- UŽ& :% PaW % + ()1?-"% + )!3!" <! + :% "%9 % ()1?-"% G?- H8> ("9 *!, "%!" + :== %4 ()P+a '#; 54 :M <!.:== ":3 % " (?39 gq 19 8?>" $B"+ ()3H9B O12-% :=" 9 :="%?9 :9 1#H9 O:= 9 P:% "%9 1N!" >8?&" *X" 3_?.:== %4 W 9 <:W SŒ + UV# 3r )1N G" SMT 9.-" P: 1?a 19 +?=?-" O1FM 1N!" + >8?&" *X" 1=3! ') >8?&" *X" + -" >8?&" *X"!-1=3! >8?&" 1FM.+W ')" 12& " >8?&" *) 78.-" U+Q? a:! 14Z= ];9 <! >8?&" G373.-" U+Q? E) 32^+ ];9 <! >8?&" G373.-" U+Q? K_? " 32^+ ];9 <! >8?&" G373.-" U+Q? UV3A0 <"L3 ];9 <! >8?&" G373
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