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Transcription

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11 ƒ ƒ ƒ ˆˆ Respondent's basic information (mandatory) Name of the organisation: Location (country): Belgium /Contact Details: Type of organisation: (Civil Society Organisation) Area of activities: Fair Trade and Trade Justice Geographical coverage: Global/EU Questions 1. Is your organisation involved in supporting the development of public/private investments in countries outside of the EU? What in your view is the advantage/added value of such type of investments? Yes, the Fair Trade movement has a long history of promoting both private and public investments for small producers in the South. Ideally this is integrated into the entire supply chain, which means that smallholder famers and marginalised producers in the South become strongly interlinked with the companies who buy from them. This changes the traditional lender-borrower relation into a more equitable partnership to mutual benefit. An example of this approach is the Divine Chocolate company which was founded by the cocoa producing Kuapa Kokoo cooperative from Ghana in cooperation a British cooperative movement (Twin) a number of private sector actors (e.g. The Bodyshop, Natwest), the UK Department for International Development and classic development actors such as Christian Aid. Through this joint effort the world s first farmer owned chocolate company became a successful enterprise which allows growers of cocoa, sugar and other commodities to add value to their product across the supply chain. Even when producer ownership further along the value chain is no option democratising supply chains gives small producers in the South more security that their commitments will pay off, as demand for their product is guaranteed over a longer period, while the buyer/lender simultaneously improves the availability and quality of its supplies and secures its investments. Recently the Fair Trade movement has considerably stepped up its efforts in this field through the launch of the Fairtrade Access Fund (see attachment). This is a new investment fund that will tackle the large, unmet demand for long-term financing for smallholder farmers in developing countries. It is the first investment fund to focus on the long-term loans that allow farmers organizations to renew their farms or adopt new technologies and equipment. This fund is a unique, international collaboration between Incofin Investment Management, Grameen Foundation and Fairtrade International and the fund is projected to reach $25M by

12 the end of its second year. The fund is supported through public funding but also by private sector investors such as the Starbucks Coffee Company, which has already committed 1m. 2. Are there any barriers, issues that should be addressed in order to make such investments more attractive and workable in practice? Investors often perceive small producers as high risk, Fair Trade addresses this by making sure that both large and small corporations develop much stronger ties with their suppliers from the South. By doing so these corporations become much more realistic in their perception of the risk involved. This means investments become more easily accessible, and under better conditions. The fact that the local community is involved also increases the impact and longevity of public-private as the benefits of such investments return to the local community. (as opposed to capital flight that moves the benefit overseas) However, even for small producers who are in the Fair Trade system there are many barriers to investments. Small producers generally have little or no collateral, may lack the required formal documentation or the capacity to deal with complex administrative procedures. These problems are much larger for small producers who are not in the Fair Trade system. Many initiatives aimed at stimulating investments into the development of the global South in effect end up with Western companies, middleman or the owners of large scale plantations, as these have the resources and contacts to access such investments. Although from the perspective of development purposes the value of such investments is considerably lower, the fact that these are easier to administer often disadvantages pro-poor investment opportunities with the greatest potential in terms of sustainable development. A specific barrier to workable blending mechanisms the Fair Trade movement observed while preparing the Fairtrade Access Fund is that such large investment funds need to be based in countries which offer the highest standards of good governance and a solid infrastructure in terms of financial institutions. For these reasons the Fairtrade Access Fund is based in the EU. However, despite the fact that this fund is solely about providing investment opportunities for small producers in the South, the fact that it is not based in the South means that it is not eligible for some funding programmes of EU governments. As guidelines demand often that the recipients of funds need to be based in the South. 3. How do you see the current working of the existing EU blending mechanism (such as the Neighbourhood Investment Facility, the Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund or Western Balkans Investment Framework)? Do you see scope for improvement of these types of mechanisms or the development of new ones and, if so, how? We do not have experience with any of these specific EU blending mechanisms. More generally, the problem is often that institutional blending mechanisms are by their design only available to large borrowers in terms of eligibility or capacity. (e.g. applications which should be over 1m Euros, or conditions that the turnover of the enterprise should be 10 times the value of the contract) Through cooperative structures smallholder famers and other small producers may qualify, but this is an extra step which in itself also requires investments. Mechanisms need to be pro-poor by design which is only possible when all stakeholders, including those from the global South, are represented from the earliest opportunity. Mechanisms should work in a transparent and accountable manner and be subject to strong and enforced guidelines regarding sustainability and labour standards.

13 4. Would you be interested in being involved in the work of an EU Platform for external cooperation and development? How would you see your involvement working in practice? How would you see the involvement of CSOs at large? Yes, the Fair Trade movement would be keen to be represented in such an EU Platform. If given the right information at the right time the Fair Trade movement could offer a lot of expertise and evidence based best practise on this issue. CSOs need to be included in every step of the decision making but so should the other stakeholders. An EU Platform such as this can only work when the balance between stakeholders is right and all partners are given the same amount of information and opportunities. 5. Which could be in your view important tasks for a future EU Platform? For instance, policy design of instruments ; evaluation, reporting and impact assessment; pooling of more financial (including national) public and private resources for investment; harmonisation of guidelines and procedures; coordination and cooperation? The EU would be able to bring a lot of added value to the pooling of more financial (including national) public and private resources for investment as private sector investors often need strong and neutral leadership in order to cooperate with other private sector investors which may be their natural competitors. The EU is also ideally placed to facilitate an inclusive process for setting guidelines, procedures and standards and to coordinate transparent evaluation procedures with the representation of small producers from the South. 6. Are there any other comments on the topic of blending and the work of an EU Platform that you would like to share with us? We would appreciate to be kept informed on all developments in this area and would welcome the opportunity to cooperate on this issue with the Commission. The Commission should prioritise quality aspects such as sustainable development criteria rather than quantity (volume, profit) when it comes to promoting blending.

14 Šƒ Š ƒ Š ƒ Ž Š ˆ Š Žƒ ˆ ˆ š ƒž ƒ ƒ Ž Š Š Ž ƒ Ž Ž ƒ ˆ ƒ Š Šƒ ƒž Š ƒ Ž ƒ ˆ Š ˆ Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ Š ˆ Ž ƒ Š Š ƒ ƒ ƒ ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ Š ƒž Š ˆ ŽŽ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ ˆˆ ˆ ƒ Ž Š ƒ ƒ ˆˆ Š Š Šƒˆˆ Žƒ ƒž ƒ ˆƒ Š ƒ ƒ ƒ Šƒ Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ Ž Ž Ž ƒ ƒ ƒžƒ ˆ Š ˆ ƒ ˆˆ ƒžž ƒ ƒ ŽŽƒ ƒ ˆ ƒ Ž ˆ ƒž ˆ ƒ ƒ ƒ Š Ž Ž ƒ ƒž ƒ ƒž Ž ƒ ˆ ƒ ˆ Š Š ƒ ƒ ˆ Šƒ Ž Žƒ ƒž Žƒ ƒ ƒ ˆ ƒ Ž ˆ Š ƒ Šƒ Š ƒ Ž Šƒ Š Š ˆ ˆ Š Š Ž ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž Ž ƒž ŠƒŽŽ šƒ Š ƒ ˆ ƒ Š ƒ ƒ ƒ ˆ ƒžž ˆ ƒ ƒž ƒž ˆŽ ƒ Š ƒ Ž ˆˆ ƒ ƒž ƒ ƒ ƒˆ ƒ Š Šƒ ƒ ƒž ƒ ˆˆ ƒ Š Š Ž ƒ ˆƒ ƒž ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ˆ Ž Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ Šƒ Š ƒ ˆ Šƒ ƒ Šƒ ƒ Š Š Šƒ Ž Š Šƒ Š ƒ Š Ž Šƒ Š ƒ ƒ ƒ Ž Š ŽŽ ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ Š ƒ Š Ž ˆƒ Ž Š ƒ Š ƒ Ž ƒ Ž Ž ƒ ˆ ƒ ˆ Ž ƒ Žƒƒ ƒ ƒ Š ƒ ŽŽƒƒ ƒƒ ŽŽ Ž ˆ Š ˆ ƒ Š ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ Ž Š ƒ Ž ƒ ˆŽ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ šƒ ƒ ˆ Ž ƒ ƒ Ž ƒˆ Ž Ž ƒ ƒ Š ˆ Ž ƒ Š ˆ ƒ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ ˆ Ž Žƒ ƒž Ž ƒ Š ƒ Ž 5 Ž Š Ž ˆ Ž ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž Ž ƒž ŠƒŽŽ ƒ Ž

15 ƒ Š ƒ Ž ˆƒ Ž ˆ šƒ Ž ˆ Šƒ ˆ Š ˆ ƒ ˆ ƒ ˆ ˆ ƒ ˆ ƒ Œ ƒ Ž ˆ Š Š ƒ Ž Œ Š Š Žƒ ˆ ƒ ƒ Š Šƒ Š Ž ˆƒ Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ ˆƒ Š ƒ Š ƒ ˆ Š ˆ Š Ž ˆ Š Š ƒ ƒ ˆ ƒ Ž ƒ Š Šƒ ƒ Ž Š Š Š ƒ ƒž Š ˆ ŽŽ Šƒ ƒ Š ˆ ˆ Ž Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ Šƒ ˆˆ ƒž ƒ ƒ ˆˆ Šƒ ƒ Š ƒž ƒ ƒ ƒ ˆ Š Ž ˆƒ Ž ˆ ˆ Ž ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ Ž Šƒ ƒžž ˆ ƒ ƒ ˆ Š ƒ Ž Š šƒ ƒ Šƒ Ž š ƒž Š ˆ ƒ ƒž ƒ ˆ Ž Š ƒ ˆ ˆ Œ Š ƒ Š Š ƒ ƒž ƒ Š ƒž ˆ ˆ Œ ƒ Š ƒ ƒž ƒžž Œ ˆ Š Š Š ƒ ƒ Ž ˆ ƒ ƒ Š ƒž ˆ Œ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ Š Š ˆ ƒ Š Š Ž Ž ƒ Š Š Š ƒ Š Šƒ Ž ƒ Š ˆ Žƒ Š ƒ ƒ Ž ˆ ˆ ƒ ƒž ƒ ƒž ˆ Š Ž ˆƒ Ž ƒ Šƒ ˆ ƒ Ž ƒ ˆŽ ƒ ƒ ƒ Š ˆ Š ˆ ƒ Š ƒ ƒ ƒ Ž Ž Ž ƒ ƒ ƒž ƒ ˆ Š ˆ ƒ Ž ˆ ƒž ˆ ƒ ƒ Š ˆ ƒ ƒž ƒ Š ˆˆ ˆ Ž Œ ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ ˆ ƒ Ž Š ƒ ˆ Š Ž ƒž ƒ Žƒ ˆ ˆƒ ƒž ƒ Žƒ ˆ ˆ ƒ ƒ Š ƒ ƒž ˆˆ ˆ Š Ž Œ ƒ Š šƒ ˆ Š ƒ Š Ž ƒ œ ƒ Ž Ž ƒ š ƒ Š Š ƒž ˆŽ ƒ ƒ ƒ Š Ž Ž Š ƒ Š Š Š Ž ƒ Š Š ƒ ƒ ƒ Ž ˆˆ ƒ Š Œ Š ƒ Š ƒ Žƒ ˆ Œ ˆ ƒ ˆ Ž Šƒ Š ƒ ˆ ƒ ƒž Š ƒž ˆ Š Œ ƒ ƒ Š Š Ž Ž ˆ ƒž ˆ Š ƒ ˆ Ž Š Š Ž Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ Š

16 ƒ ƒ ˆˆ ˆ Ž ˆ ƒ Š Ž Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ Šƒ Šƒ Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ Šƒ ƒ Š ƒž ƒ ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ Š Š Š ƒ ƒž ˆƒ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ ˆˆ ˆ ƒ Ž Š ƒ ƒ ˆˆ Š Š Šƒˆˆ Žƒ ƒž ƒ Ž ˆƒ Š ƒ ƒ ƒ Šƒ Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ˆ Š Ž ˆƒ Ž Š ƒ ˆ ˆˆ ƒ ƒž Š Š Ž ˆƒ Ž ƒ ƒ Ž ˆƒ ˆˆ ƒž ƒ ƒ ƒ Š Š ƒ Ž Š Ž Šƒ ƒ Š Ž ˆ Š Ž ƒ ˆ Ž Šƒ ˆ šƒ Ž Š ˆ ƒ ˆƒ ƒ ƒ ƒž ˆŽ ˆ Ž Ž ˆ ƒ Š ƒ Ž ˆ ƒ ƒ ƒž Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ Š Ž Ž ƒ Š Š ƒ Ž Š ƒ ƒ ƒ Š Ž ƒ Š ƒž ƒ ˆ Š ƒ ƒ ƒ Š ˆ ƒ ƒ ƒ ˆ ƒž Š ƒ ƒžƒ Š ƒž ˆ Œ ˆ ƒ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ Š Š š Š Žƒ Š ƒ Ž ƒ Ž Ž ˆ ˆƒŽŽƒ ˆ ƒ Š Šƒ Š Ž Š ˆƒ ƒ ƒ Š ƒ Š Š Ž Š ƒ Š Šƒ Š Œ ˆ ƒ Š Š Šƒ Š ƒ Ž ƒ Šƒ Š Šƒ ˆ Š ƒ ˆ Š Š Œ ˆ Ž Š ƒ ƒ Ž Š Š Š Šƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ Œ Ž ƒ ƒ Š Š Œ ŽŽ ˆ Ž Š ˆ Š Ž ƒ Ž ƒ Š ƒ Ž Š Šƒ Š Œ ˆ ƒ Š ƒ Š Š ŠŠƒ Š ˆ Š ƒž Ž ƒ ˆƒˆ Žƒ ˆ Š Ž ƒ ƒž Š ƒ Š Š ˆ ƒž ŽŽƒ ƒ ƒ Œ ƒ Ž ƒ Ž ˆƒ Ž ˆ Žƒ Š Š ƒ Šƒ ˆ Ž

17 ƒ Ž Š Š Š Žƒ ˆ ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ Žƒ ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ ˆˆ Š ƒ ˆ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒž ƒ ˆƒ Ž ƒ ˆˆ Ž ƒ Š ƒ ˆˆ Ž ƒ Ž ƒ Šƒ ƒ ƒ ƒžž Šƒ Ž Š ƒ ƒž Œ hw K D^ &/ y& ^ D^ D^ d &/ E/& z& ^ D^ D^ d &/ / > &/ / > &/ ƒ Š Ž ƒ ƒ Šƒ ƒ ˆ ƒž ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ Žƒ ƒ Ž ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ Š Š ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒžž ƒ ƒ ƒ Š Ž ˆ Š ƒž ˆƒ Ž ƒ ˆ Ž Š ˆƒ Ž Š Š Œ ƒ ƒ Ž Ž ˆ ƒ ˆ

18 hw & D^ &/ ^ y& z& D^ d &/ D^ d &/ / > &/ / > &/ ƒ Š ƒ Š ƒ ƒž Œ Š Žƒ ˆ Š ƒžž Š Žƒ ˆ Šƒ ƒ ˆƒŽŽ Œ ƒ Š ˆƒ Ž ƒ ƒ Š ƒ ƒ Š ƒ ƒ Š Žƒ ˆ ƒ Ž ˆ ƒžž ƒ ˆ Œ Š ƒ ˆ Œ ƒ Š ˆ ƒ hw & D^ &/ ^ y& z& d &/ d &/ / > &/ / > &/ ƒ Š ƒ Š ƒžž Š ˆƒ Ž Šƒ ƒ ƒž ƒ ƒ Š ƒ Ž ˆƒ Ž Š Žƒ ˆ ƒžž Š ƒ Š Ž ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ Žƒ ƒ ƒ Ž ˆ

19 hw h& ^ ^ E/& d /d& d / > &/ / > &/ Š ƒ šƒ Š ƒ ˆ Š ˆ ŽŽ ƒ Ž š Ž ƒ Š Ž Žƒ ƒ ˆ Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ Š Š ƒ Š ƒ Ž ƒ Ž ƒ Š Œ ƒ ˆ Ž Ž Ž Žƒ š Š ƒ ˆ Œ Ž Ž ˆ Ž ƒ ƒ Ž Š Œ Ž Ž ˆ ƒ ƒžž ƒ Ž Š Š Ž Ž E ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ Š ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ Š Œ ƒ ƒ ƒ ˆˆ š ƒ ƒ ƒ Š Ž ˆƒ Ž ƒ Ž ƒžƒ ƒƒ E Š Š ˆˆ ƒ Ž Š ƒ ƒ Š ƒ Ž ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ Š Ž Šƒ ƒˆ ƒ ƒ ƒ ŠŽ ƒ ƒ E Ž ˆŽ Ž ˆŽ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ Šƒ š Š ƒžž ƒ ˆ ƒ E ˆŽ ƒ Œ Š ƒ ƒ ˆ ƒ ƒ Š Š ˆ ƒ ŠƒŽŽ ƒ Š Š ƒ ƒž ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒžž Ž Š ƒ Š ƒ Ž Š ƒ ˆ ƒžž Š ƒ Š Ž ƒ ƒ ˆ ŽŽ ƒ ƒž ƒ Ž Š ƒ ƒ Š ƒ ƒ Š ƒ Ž š Ž Š Š Ž Ž Š Š

20 ƒ ƒ Ž Š Š ƒ ƒ Š ƒ ƒ Š Š Š Ž Š Š Š Ž ˆŽ Š Š ƒ ƒ ƒ Š ƒ Š ˆ ƒžž Ž ƒ ƒ ƒžž Š Žƒ ˆ ƒ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ Š ƒ ˆ Š ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ Š ƒ ˆ Š Šƒ ˆ Š Š ƒ Š ƒ Š ˆ Š Š Š Ž ƒ Š Œ ˆ ƒ ƒ Š ƒ ƒžž ƒ Š ƒ ƒ Ž Ž Š Š ƒ Š ƒ Š Žƒ ˆ Ž Š ƒ ƒ Šƒ ƒ ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ Ž Šƒ Šƒ ˆ ƒ ˆˆ Š ƒ Š ƒ ƒ Ž ƒ ƒ Š Ž Ž ŠŠƒ ƒ ƒ Ž ƒž Š ƒ ƒ Š ŠŽ ƒ ƒš ƒžž Ž ƒ ˆˆ Š ƒž ƒš ƒ Š Ž š Ž ˆ ƒ Š ƒ ƒ Ž ˆ Œ ƒ Š Š Šƒ Šƒ Ž ˆŽ ƒ Ž ƒ Ž Ž ƒ ƒž ƒ Š Š Š ƒ ˆ Ž ˆ ƒ Š ƒ Š ƒžƒ ˆƒŽŽ ˆ ƒ Ž ƒ Ž ƒ

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28 d d d ^ ' d d / E/& d / ' ' / ' Z h^ddd : dd dddd e eedl D / ' < eed ' Z Z d K Z Z ' Z t Z Z E dddd ' Z Z ' Z >> Z d

29 ' Z Z d ' d ddde E ddde E/& d ^/ / h ^K ^K, / E/& d ' / h ' /, h i Mid Term Review of EIB external mandate Report of the Steering Committee Feb. 2010, p. 41, paragraph 6.3 ii EU Blending Facilities: Implications for Future Governance Options (January 2011) ECDPM et al iii EU Blending Facilities: Implications for Future Governance Options, European Think-Thank Groups, January iv Norwegian Church Aid, Investing in Private Sector Development: What are the Returns, 2011 v Table 3: Assessing Blending vs. Pure Loans and Pure Grants vi EU Blending Facilities: Implications for Future Governance Options, January 2011, European Think Tank Group, The German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), Bonn, Germany; The European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM), Maastricht, Netherlands; Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE), Madrid, Spain; The Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London, UK. vii viii ix E.g.