Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda

Transcription

1 97069 Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda Implementation Support Mission for Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP) II (APL-1: P & APL-2: P118316) And Preparation of Additional Financing for APL-1 December 1-12, 2014 Aide Memoire In accordance with the mission announcement letter dated November 20th, 2014, a World Bank team1 carried out an implementation support mission for the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP) II, in Mwanza during December 1-4, Kisumu during December 5-9, and in Kampala during December The task team leader, Stephen Ling, also visited Nairobi on December 4-5 to attend the last two days of the Regional Policy Steering Committee workshop, and the fisheries specialist, David Japp, conducted a parallel visit to the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization in Jinja during the week of December 8th. In addition, Jane Kibbassa and Yasmin Tayyab carried out a technical visit focused on safeguards in the APL-1 countries during November 9-21, and finally Jumaine Hussein continued field supervision and support activities with the Burundi project team during December. Results from all these engagements are reflected in the present Aide Memoire. Finalization of the Aide Memoire was delayed until the project teams had had the chance to provide a more complete update of results to date, and to incorporate updates from the APL-2 countries, as well as the latest discussions on Lake fisheries. The mission would like to thank all key counterparts in LVBC and the respective Governments for welcoming the mission and for the constructive discussions. The mission would also like to thank the government officials and other stakeholders, including members of numerous communities within the Basin who made themselves available to discuss activities under or related to the project. See Annex 1 for the mission schedule and Annex 2 for the persons met. BACKGROUND & MISSION OBJECTIVES Following the last main implementation support mission in May-June 2014, a discussion was held on modalities for continuing support to LVEMP APL-1 teams beyond the scheduled close of the project in June This culminated in formal requests and Bank approval of a Concept Memo (dated November 25, 2014) for a 2.5-year Additional Financing of APL-1, which would include incremental funding for Tanzania, Kenya and LVBC, and an extension of the existing project to allow Uganda to complete its planned program of activities within their current budget. The mission focused on the APL-1 countries, due to the need to discuss detailed plans for the proposed Additional Financing (which would include additional funds for Kenya, Tanzania and LVBC, and a 2.5-year extension of the existing project to allow Uganda to complete activities). 1 The Bank mission team consisted of Stephen Ling (Natural Resources Management Specialist, TTL); Edward Dwumfour (Sr. Environmental Specialist, Kenya country co-ttl); Berina Uwimbabazi (Senior Water Resources Specialist & UG country co-ttl); Jane Kibbassa (Senior Environment Specialist & TZ country co-ttl); Maurice Rawlins (Natural Resources Management Specialist & watershed management coordinator); Suiko Yoshijima (Environment Specialist & pollution management coordinator); Yasmin Tayyab (Senior Social Specialist); Toon van Eijk (agronomist, FAO Consultant); David Japp (fisheries specialist, FAO Consultant); and was supported by Gloria Sindano, Clare Busingye and Hope Nanshemeza in TZ, UG, and KE, respectively. Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 1

2 The specific objectives for the mission were: i) A general review of progress in terms of results, expenditures and agreed actions from the last mission, including progress on recently started sanitation works and other large contracts. ii) Development of plans for the Additional Financing, including new investments and budgets, studies to be completed in preparation for a next phase of LVEMP. This will include any adjustments required to this FY s work plans such as preparation activities for new investments as well as the preparation process itself including plans for further missions or technical visits this FY. iii) Reviewing plans to address sustainability issues for current investments, and progress in collating monitoring data, including outputs and impacts of watershed management activities. PRIMARY FINDINGS Overall program progress Component 1: Shared resources Policy related outputs and work on shared resources are covered in more detail in the LVBC section below, but recent progress on monitoring of water quality and water hyacinth is noticeable from a number of teams. The Kenya team has produced reports on water quality in the catchment and Lake, which suggest that there is little stratification in the Lake and that oxygen levels remain reasonable in most places, although lower in the Winam Gulf. However, there remains significant work to be done in Kenya and elsewhere on the quality control and presentation of data. In some cases, figures that not physically possible are included, and in others surprising values are presented without analysis or comment, undermining confidence in all the results that are presented. Kenya and Uganda have provided monitoring reports on water hyacinth distribution within Lakeshore areas, based on direct observations, and more recently in Kenya on analysis of satellite imagery. These are a good start, but visualization of the observation-based data could be improved and there is a question over the frequency with which such monitoring can be conducted and therefore its use i.e. for long-term tracking of the success of water hyacinth management, or also for short-term response to the spread of specific infestations. There remains need for a detailed technical visit to review water quality and water hyacinth data collected to data, to develop standardized formats for analysis and presentation, and to identify gaps in collection and quality assurance. This cannot be done until existing data is collated. The WRIS is expected to be populated soon, but that is still pending. Component 2: Pollution management Sanitation/Waste Management Wastewater management investments are planned in 8 locations (including investments to be carried out under the Additional Financing), 4 of which are already under construction, namely the Bukoba sludge disposal facility in Tanzania and rehabilitation of the three sewage treatment plants in Kenya. Rehabilitation of the slaughter house and construction of an artificial wetland in Mwanza, Tanzania, are also expected to be completed by the end of FY15, and the construction of house sewage connections in Mwanza (construction to start early 2015) will be completed by the end of Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 2

3 In Kenya, rehabilitation of Homa Bay and Bomet are expected to be completed in early 2015, followed shortly by Kisumu. A site visit to the Homa Bay sewage system, however, suggested that the work may not be as far advanced as reported and more time may be needed. The Mission alerted the NPCT to extend the contract immediately before it lapses. The Mission also stressed the importance of the involvement of the County to ensure that it is prepared to take over the operation of the rehabilitated sewage system once handed over. The Mission also encouraged the site manager to ensure full implementation of environmental and safety measures, as some workers were not wearing PPE, and disposal of water hyacinth needs to be carefully done to avoid another spread of water hyacinth elsewhere. In Uganda, rehabilitation/construction of the waste water treatment systems in Kirinya -Jinja and in Gaba- Kampala were planned. Tendering of civil works at Kirinja was ongoing and construction expected to start in early 2015 and last for 9 months. Construction of Gaba sewage was dropped as the estimated cost according to the Feasibility Study was US$2.4 million higher than the available budget. Furthermore, implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan is expected to take time. As an alternative, the Project has identified reduction of pollution from municipal and industrial waste in Kampala as new intervention. The funds will mainly go towards procurement of equipment for solid waste management and services to dredge the Nakivubo Channel and other secondary Channels within Kampala. In addition, mobile sewerage maintenance equipment will be purchased to desludge the settling ponds once a year in about 15 locations. The team also started to work with the countries to identify sanitation and sewage coverage, status of solid waste management, and existing sanitation strategies and action plans to identify the gaps to be addressed in the future investments. Sanitation access (Toilets) Design/drawings and tender documents for construction of Bio toilets have been prepared and construction is underway (TZ-14, KE-17). AF will be utilized to ensure sustainability of investments by providing training for O&M as well as to build additional bio toilets as the number of the bio toilets was reduced in all the country due to the budget constraints. In addition to the toilets in public facilities and markets, there are a number of toilets being constructed as part of the CDD sub-projects. Cleaner Production End-of-project targets for the Cleaner Production component for APL-1 countries are almost met. 222 industries (94.9% of the target) were trained in RECP technologies and 89 industries have adopted cleaner production measures (exceeding the target of 81 industries totaling over $90m in investment). 339 industries have been mapped. CPC and the Bank GIS team are collating results from the work thus far to start to provide a basin-wide picture of industrial pollution loadings, progress on pollution reduction achieved through the project, and what can be achieved for further investments and associated knowledge products aimed at the public and practitioners. An initial mapping of pollution from industries has been provided, but data presentation needs to be improved, along with break-downs of the pollution loads by type and size of industry. Now that LVB effluent standards are available, the Mission asked LVBC to also collate data on existing compliance status to allow more systematic approach to effectively address industrial pollution and to promote cleaner production. Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 3

4 Component 3: Watershed management The rate of CDD/ CMI/ SI implementation is on track and even exceeding the targets for watershed management. The progress on wetland management however, has been slower, but the teams have indicated respective immediate actions to remedy this situation. Even while many CDDS and CMIs/ SIs have been completed in Tanzania and Kenya, and the NPCT and DPCT (where applicable) continue to monitor these sub-projects, sustainability of the intervention remains a major challenge. In all sub-projects observed, there is an evident need for explicit planning and documentation of sustainability measures. For example, a short to medium term plan for how income earned from collective activities such as bee-keeping will be re-invested into the community. It is understood that such indications should be part of the community s constitution, but in many cases it is not. It was agreed therefore that the WB team would work with the NPCTs on a methodology for designing basic sustainability plans. These plans should be determined in collaboration with the communities to build ownership and secure buy-in for the plans. These plans could be field-tested though sub-projects in Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda as they continue to implement sub-projects. It seems that the timeline required for the sub-projects inclusive of the capacity building of the community groups required, may be ambitious as many sub-projects have extended past their scheduled completion date. This may also be the case with the budget for the CDDs which on consultation with the NPCTs, is often not enough for adequate M&E for the projects. The CMI/ SI approach however seems to be working well in this respect and it would be useful to consider this in a deeper evaluation of the best approach for implementing the watershed management activities. Impacts of sub-projects are not well monitored and not well documented. This is especially the case for ecological impacts at the small-scale, for example, at the farm scale, and capacity building needs to be done with the DPCTs and community groups on how information (observations etc.) can be properly recorded. The variables of interest can be determined beforehand, for example there could be certain variables of interest around applying sustainable land management techniques, and tracked throughout the project. Enforcement of regulations regarding prohibited activities in riparian zones is a challenge in some communities, with no clear solutions as to how enforcement could be improved. In some projects we observed that where there was a strong sense of community, that enforcement tended to work better. This may be an argument for high social capital playing a role in enforcement and sustainability of interventions, and may be worth exploring. Monitoring of ecological impacts at the watershed/ basin scale is making headway with the three countries at various stages of development. It is essential that results of monitoring are forthcoming as soon as possible to be able to make a case for the benefits of the intervention, and to provide the rationale for scaling up the intervention through another phase of the LVEMP. It was agreed that this will be a focus of the upcoming watershed technical mission. Program management Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 4

5 Overall project management remains satisfactory, but improvement must continue on monitoring and report at the national and regional levels, particularly impact and basin monitoring. A large number of communications products are being produced by the project, and a TOR for a film on the cleaner production program has been developed. The Bank team will arrange for a further technical visit focused on communications in order to review these outputs in depth, and to develop the key program-wide products (briefing notes, picture stories, documentary) that were earlier discussed. Further mission plans for the remainder of the FY include: (i) appraisal and negotiations for the Additional Financing, which are expected to be conducted by videoconference with each of the Kenya, Tanzania and EAC teams; (ii) a technical visit focused on the watershed activities to date in APL-1, and how to strengthen the component going forward, expected to take place in April; (iii) MTR mission for Rwanda, expected to take place in June (Burundi to follow early next FY); and (iv) focused technical visits on communications and water quality monitoring, which may take place this FY or next, depending on progress and resource availability. Audits reports have been received on schedule for all teams except for LVBC, who are expected to submit their report shortly. Safeguards The World Bank Environment and Social Safeguards team undertook a safeguards implementation support mission for APL I countries from November 9 through 21 st. The team visited multiple CDDs, CMIs and Investment projects in the three countries. The objective of the mission was to access extent to which the CDDs, CMIs and the large sanitation investment have followed the safeguards frameworks put in place to manage adverse environment and social impacts of these sub-projects. As agreed in the last Missions, in the absence of a standard traditional Resettlement Action Plan, the project was to apply the CDD approach as mitigation for the loss of livelihood for the households that depend partially or fully on farming in the protection zones and restoration of wetlands and forests. This required streamlining and sequencing of the house hold inventory and socio-economic surveys prior to the identification and planning process for CDD. Inclusion of these households was agreed as a critical criterion for beneficiary targeting. The recommendation from the last mission to conduct a rapid assessment to identify and target households that continue to cultivate within the protection zone has not been completed in any of the three countries. The objective to identify these households was to streamline the CDD planning process to link the livelihoods activities with the conservation and restoration of the Lake, rivers banks, wetlands and forests. In the villages visited, there has been no systematic demarcation of the protection zone, it was clear that while there are no houses and or any other physical structures within the protection zones, nonetheless, protection zones along the Lake and rivers continue to be under cultivation by the communities and open to grazing by cattle. In Tanzania and Uganda, the community is aware of the objective of LVEMP 11 project, but some continue to cultivate in the absence of enforcement. In Kenya CDDs, there is inadequate understanding between the promotion of alternative livelihood and conservation and restoration activities. The E&S team recommends that the livelihood CDDs be used as an incentive to the conservation and restoration activities. There are four main concerns emerging in the three countries: i) absence of social surveys to identify the households cultivating in the riparian protection zones; ii) lack of understanding of the Resettlement Policy Framework generally, as it is understood to be applicable only for physical displacement and not for restoration of livelihood and access to natural resources; iii) Absence of business plans and hence ownership and sustainability of the CDDs; and iv) inadequate response to cattle grazing and watering at the boat landing sites. The E&S team suggested that the environment and community development staff Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 5

6 familiarize themselves with the RPF to assure appropriate application. A summary of safeguards implementation status is provided in annex 11. Additional Financing A key objective of the mission was to agree on the broad parameters for the Additional Financing, and to begin discussion of detailed plans and budgets for each of the participating teams. However, the results of those discussions will be reflected in the draft project paper for the Additional Financing, and so will not be covered in detail here. The suggested outline for the Additional Financing was presented to the RPSC on December 4 in Nairobi. This would involve: (i) $10m additional IDA credits for KE & TZ, a $2m regional IDA grant for LVBC hopefully to be augmented with a $0.5m CIWA grant, but no additional funds for UG, only extension of the existing credit; (ii) a 2.5 years implementation period (until end 2017) to coincide with the start of IDA-18 and end of APL-2; (iii) coordinate going forward with the new Lake Victoria transport project; (iv) retention of most characteristics of the existing project, including implementation arrangements, safeguards, results indicators (with increases to some targets), and broad scope of activities; and (v) continued mainstreaming of cleaner production and fisheries monitoring activities under national budgets due to the severe constraint on resources at the regional level. The RPSC affirmed these parameters, and also provided insightful guidance on the development of the program going forward, including that it should: Incorporate and highlight lessons learnt to date. Provide an example of regional cooperation and align future activities to regional economic priorities and to EAC objectives. Study: ecosystem status and threats related to pollution; land degradation as its own issue, not just as source of sediment; socio-economic factors, including food security; sustainable financing, including financing for cleaner production; outputs of LVEMP I work; climate change; governance issues; adoption, not just passage of policy reforms. Ensure coordination of all major initiatives within the Basin into a single program, and support local institutions. Provide additional financial support to pollution investments, nature-based enterprises including bamboo, investments in water quality labs, and marketing of products developed under livelihood activities. Project teams were also advised to complete plans and feasibility studies for any additional investments during the Additional Financing at the earliest. In most cases the additional investments have already been prepared under the existing project, but some updating of design and/or safeguards documents may be required. Summary status by country / team LVBC The Mission met with the LVBC to discuss the progress up to date and the plan during the period of additional financing. Overall good progress has been made and most of the outputs have been developed and the remaining activities except surveys of Lake navigation routes are expected to be completed by the end of June Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 6

7 Water resources policies National legal reviews of draft LVB Water Resources Management Policy and Bill were completed, and presented to 13th LVB SECOM where further legal & technical inputs were recommended. Legal drafters and water experts met in September, 2014 and finalized the bill. It will be submitted to the 14th LVB SECOM and subsequently to EAC Council of Ministers. Effluent discharge standards were approved by the EAC Council of Ministers, but need to be passed by the EAC Legislative Assembly before adoption by the countries. Draft roll-out plan was prepared and will be shared with PSs for implementation. Proposals for establishment of a Lake Victoria Environment Fund have been prepared. RPCT organized a technical meeting to select the best option for establishing the LVEF from Oct 22-24, The meeting brought together representatives from Partner States and (i) agreed on the best option, (ii) identify possible sources of financing for the fund and (iii) developed roadmap for establishing the LVEF. KfW is also considering support on WRM for the Basin, and will prepare an investment plan over the next 18 months, alongside an IWRM model for the basin. Final outputs from the IWRMP consultancy are also due shortly and should be shared with the Bank team for comment. Fisheries The Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) continues to work closely with the three national fisheries project managers in developing the regional activities. These include 1) regional fisheries policy development and harmonization, 2) development of a Fisheries Management Plan (3) for the Lake, and 3) establishment of Fishing Levy Trust Funds (FLTF). There have not been any significant recent advances made regarding policy development, but LVFO has agreed to include Rwanda and Burundi in a regional fisheries policy would slow delivery of this output. The WB consultant made significant inputs into the revised FMP3 but stressed that it was not completed and need substantial further inputs. In particular the WB stressed that FMP3 needed inputs from the most recent stock assessments to develop realistic fish stock indicators and reference points to guide the management of the fisheries moving forward. The WB noted that progress on the FLTF had been slow. Considering that the FLTF concept and process had been initiated in 2001, the mission requested that the proposed structures in each country be expedited as quickly as possible and within the time frames of project extension. Governments have not generally bought into the idea of raising FLTFs from existing government revenues, and therefore recent proposals have centered on generated additional management funds from industry contributions. Planning documents for Kenya and Uganda contain revenue estimates and indicative allocations for these resources, but don t provide a clear basis for assessing the returns from additional investments in fisheries management. There is agreement with LVFO that further socioeconomic analysis would be helpful to make the case for expenditure on management. A recent Lake fisheries stock assessment report (based mostly on 2014 data) has just been issued. It shows clear evidence that average sizes of Nile Perch have decreased, and that only a minority of the catch is above the legal limit for the export industry of 50cm. Information on the health of stocks more generally remains somewhat contradictory, however, and some modules of the monitoring database and analysis are said to be working better than others. The Bank would therefore suggest a review of the methodology for the monitoring and stock assessment. Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 7

8 Navigation safety Contracts for installation of navigation aids and oil spill management training have been signed, and installation is ongoing. The cost for the hydrographic surveys of Lake navigation routes was underestimated. Even following a large reduction in the scale of the work, the likely costs (based on the unit costs quoted under the earlier bids) would exceed the available budget by a couple of times. In addition, mobilization costs are likely to be substantial, and therefore conducting surveys at a small scale is unlikely to be very cost-efficient. It has therefore been decided (pending formal agreement from Sweden) that the hydrographic survey work will be conducted under the Lake Victoria Transport Project, which is currently under preparation, and that the funds which would have been used for this under LVEMP will be allocated partly to increasing the number of navigation aids provided (the first batch are currently being installed), and partly to supporting ongoing LVBC coordination and analytical work during the Additional Financing phase. Tanzania The mission met with the Tanzania national project team to discuss progress of activities to date, and also plans for the additional financing. A number of field visits were included as part of this mission to view the implementation of projects, and to afford the mission team the ability to make notes and recommendations as necessary on the implementation of projects. Implementation of the LVEMP in Tanzania is overall progressing well, with almost complete disbursement, and satisfactory progress on six of the seven PDO results indicators. Component 1: Strengthening institutional capacity for managing shared water and fisheries resources The mission was updated on the progress of the TZ implementation under component 1. The highlights of the presentation and discussion included: The implementation of the water quality labs for water quality will begin with the AF once funds become available. The design for the labs has been prepared and will be shared with the WB team. Funds budgeted for the water quality labs was realized to be insufficient for what was actually needed for procurement for the labs and the team was advised to scale down the contracts for the labs to match the available funding OR leave contracting for later, once the Additional Financing has been confirmed. The team would report on the decision taken in this respect. The country team was asked to present more detailed results for water hyacinth including spatial references for water hyacinth within the Lake; where possible a map of the coverage of the hyacinth, to better understand changes in the hyacinth; linking of decrease in water hyacinth in relation to the project; and details on the monitoring of the hyacinth. Such initial monitoring reports have been provided by Kenya and Uganda, but not yet by Tanzania. Component 2: Point source pollution control and prevention The mission was updated on the progress of the TZ implementation under component 2, and 5 sites were visited during the mission to observe the progress of the implementation of various activities; as detailed in Annex 5. The country team presented an update of activity implementation since the last mission and it was agreed that the team would compile and send data related to sanitation/sewage/waste collection coverage in urban areas for inclusion in the pollution model being designed by the World Bank team. Component 3: Watershed Management Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 8

9 The mission was updated on the progress of the TZ implementation under component 3, and 10 sites were visited during the mission to observe the progress of the CDD and CMI implementation; the details of the site visits are included in Annex 5. The highlights of the presentation and discussions included: Of 341 CDDs that were approved, 99 were completed and 140 are ongoing. The implementation of some of these ongoing CDDs will extend beyond June 2015, and into the AF period. Some of the approved activities will need funding from the AF, but the team was unable to confirm the number of CDDs or the amount needed at the time of the mission. 6 CMIs are above 50% implementation; 15 CMIs are below 50% implementation; and 3 CMIs have been approved but are not yet implemented. Mapping of CDDs and CMIs is ongoing. Data was presented on the likely economic benefits of some of the CDD interventions e.g. beekeeping and improved dairy cattle. However, it was found that the figures presented did not fully incorporate the input costs to these interventions, and so could not present a realistic costbenefit analysis (CBA) of the interventions. It was agreed that the focus going forward would be to determine the data that needs to be collected for a more complete CBA, and to actually undertake a CBA for some of the CDD interventions. The WB team would work with all of the country teams to do this. Some concerns were raised about the CMI planned for the Mirongo River in Mwanza. Much of its length is being used as an open sewer and dump site, and the city plans to clean up the area, and would like to channelize the river in addition to footbridges already constructed. Cleaning up areas along the river banks would be possible, but is unlikely to succeed without the active involvement and leadership of local residents, so it is recommended that any further activities prioritize community engagement and mobilization. Even this, however, is unlikely to have a significant impact on water quality without addressing wider waste water and solid waste management priorities within the town as whole, as the Mirongo currently receives large volumes of polluted surface run off during the wet season. A sanitation master plan to be developed by the EU may go some way to understanding needs. An existing solid waste management plan indicates that only around 50% of solid waste is collected, and does not account for population growth. Kenya Considerable progress that has been made in the last year or so, not just in disbursement (which now stands at close to 90%), but also working with the Bank to resolve questions on the last remaining prior review procurement contracts, and improving speed of progress reporting and general responsiveness, and development of Lake monitoring systems (including water quality and water hyacinth). Component 1: Strengthening institutional capacity for managing shared water and fisheries resources Welcome efforts are being made to strengthen Basin monitoring with significant investments in upgrading of water quality laboratories, but also the production of monitoring reports. Recent water quality and water hyacinth monitoring reports were provided, and are discussed briefly above. A design document for a set of soil erosion monitoring sites has also been provided, which the Bank is reviewing. Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 9

10 Work still needs to be done not only to track general basin health indicators, but also to link these to project interventions. Water hyacinth control requires some re-evaluation as only 4 BMU weevil rearing units have been found to be functioning effectively. After a quick visit to review bio-control activities in Tanzania, the Kenya team are now proposing to concentrate on a smaller number of sites for weevil rearing in Kenya. Biological control will shortly be supplemented by the arrival of the mechanical harvester. A plan has been developed for the operation of the harvester under the Kenya Maritime Authority, which envisages operating costs of close to $300k per year. Ensuring availability of operating funds from local authorities will be a key consideration as the project will only meet a fraction of the costs during a short transitional period. Disposal sites for the removed water hyacinth are yet to be identified. Component 2: Point source pollution control and prevention Notes on the construction of wastewater treatment and sanitation infrastructure are provided above. It was noted that training of local communities in the management of the new biotoilets will be a key undertaking, and should involve those local groups who are already experienced with these structure. It was also agreed that the team would carry out a rapid survey of existing coverage of waste and sanitation management services according to standard formats to be developed with the Bank. For future reference, the Bank s water and sanitation programs in Kenya are also implementing novel approaches to accessing private finance, which are worth considering in future phases of the project. Component 3: Watershed management The mission was updated on the progress of watershed management activities in KE under component 3 and 5 sites were visited to demonstrate the progress of the activities there. The main watershed management activities are being implemented through 225 CDDs and 9 CMIs. These activities include reforestation of degraded hillsides and also riparian zones, wetland rehabilitation (plans have been developed but no implementation on rehabilitation has taken place to date, and soil and water conservation on farmlands. o o o Of a total of 225 CDDs approved for implementation, to date: 22 have been completed; 139 are above 50% implementation; 64 are below 50% implementation. 4 wetland management plans have been developed to be implemented as CMIs, and implementation of these are projected to take place over (contingent on the Additional Financing period). 9 CMIs focus on community based natural resources conservation including reforestation of degraded lands and rehabilitation of riparian systems. Soil and water conservation practices on farmlands face sustainability challenges as there is often no clear incentive to undertake these practices. Some farmers have experienced benefits in terms of yield increases and reduction in crop loss, however lack of documentation by farmers of the changes they experience in terms of production makes it difficult to articulate the benefits gained from the introduction of these practices, and therefore to effectively package and communicate these as incentives. More systematic documentation of outputs and livelihoods benefits would help to identify those areas where further follow-up is required, as well as making the case for the interventions. The project team has noted that within project sites they are beginning to see reductions in the erosion of river banks, however measures are not yet in place to undertake measuring of sediment load in streams and rivers linked to erosion reduction. The team is just about to establish a large scale sediment monitoring network using silt traps, Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 10

11 and from these results of the intervention in terms of erosion reduction can be determined. Preliminary results of the silt trapping monitoring system are expected to be available by March The sub-projects visited focused on soil and water conservation activities on farms, and ecological restoration activities within riparian zones. These demonstrated varying levels of success in terms of achieving their respective objectives land restoration, livelihood development and strengthening, and the mission noted a few challenges to do with: buy-in of the entire community for riparian restoration initiatives lack of buy-in challenges the sustainability of the intervention; unclear land ownership arrangements that lead to conflicting land use and management practices for example in the riparian zone; and lack of firm plans for sustainability of the interventions once LVEMP comes to an end. We however, observed some very good success stories at Lemotit Hill where the community there is engaged in soil and water conservation practices on farms, and reforestation of the Hill. While more detailed examination of this case is needed in order to make robust arguments, it is likely that the high levels of community organization (strong networks and social capital) contribute to the buy-in and adherence to the plans for sustainable management of the Hill. This may be an issue to explore in other communities, i.e. the role of community organization in affecting the sustainability of introduced interventions. Details of the site visits are provided in Annex 5. Four wetland management plans have been developed and are in early stages of implementation. However, several of the plans offer more data on the surrounding county than the wetland themselves, and they are based on participatory ranking of activities, without quantitative data on state of wetlands / extent of degradation, or outcome indicators that would reflect progress on wetland condition. The Bank team will review the wetland restoration activities on future field trips, and the Kenya NPCT are reminded to share technical reports such as these at the draft stage, so that the Bank can review and comment. Kenya also has a strong interest in promoting the cultivation of bamboo. This is worth pursuing as it could have value for watershed restoration efforts as a fast-growing, multi-use plant that can effectively stabilize steep slopes and banks. If Kenya were to successful use bamboo, this could provide a valuable example for other parts of the basin with relatively high rainfall. Uganda LVEMP II Uganda has made significant implementation progress with most of the key activities including additional high impact activities initiated under some of the components such as supporting improved solid waste management in Kampala, one of the major contributors of pollution load into the lake. The mission was briefed on key achievements to date and what is planned during the project extension period. Below are key findings and recommendations under each component review and discussion. Component 1: Strengthening institutional capacity for managing shared water and fisheries resources Activities under this component are progressing well with a number of them in advanced stage and soon to be finalized e.g. the research grants. The mission requested for copies of completed MSC theses. The mission commended the project team for the progress made to date on a number of activities, but also noted some activities that still need to be fast tracked including the establishment and operationalization of the Fish Levy Trust Fund which is still under review and it s still not clear whether this will be approved and operationalized during the project period. Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 11

12 The mission noted the limited data / information available on the actual progress with regards to project expected results, and emphasized the need for capturing and sharing this information on a regularly and continuously in order to track and capture actual project results. The mission was informed of the identification of three potential cage aquaculture sites but implementation was not clearly outlined with a number of issues needing to be clarified prior to implementation such as management of safeguard related risks. The mission requested for the study reports undertaken prior to or as part of the identification process to better understand this activity. This was to be done immediately but reports are yet to be shared with the Bank team. Related to this activity, the mission was informed of the plan to include development of at least two model fishing villages as additional investments during the no-cost extension period. A concept note has been provided and will be reviewed by the Bank. Component 2: Point source pollution control and prevention The mission noted the progress to date in advancing all key activities including the completion of the upgrading of two water quality laboratories at NWSC and the Directorate of Water Resources in Entebbe. However, the mission noted that the management of water quality data and information is still lacking i.e. the collection, analysis and use of this data. Better management of this data including sharing of data will also contribute significantly to capturing project results. The mission recommended this data and reports therein be shared with the Bank as well as disseminated widely to all key stakeholders. While commending the team for including the additional activities with the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), the mission noted that need to regularly and consistently monitor the effluent in the main Nakivubo in order to capture the before and after project intervention and be able to measure the attribution to project results in particular reduction of the pollution load, as well as the number of people that will benefit from these interventions. Component 3: Watershed management The mission noted the progress made to date with 50% of the funds disbursed so far for all sub-projects and processing 35% of the second tranche underway for seven out of nine districts. The mission however also noted that the data on progress in particular the qualitative data is not forth coming, and requested that this be shared immediately. This should include area of intervention (e.g. Ha under SLM; wetland restoration etc.), any registered change in livelihood / income, recorded improvements or not for water hyacinth interventions etc. It was agreed that updated data/information would be shared in accordance with formats being development with the Bank team. Based on prior discussions it is understood that the identification and mapping of ecologically hotspots was done during LVEMP I, however the reports have not been shared. The mission requested that these reports also be shared. During the last mission it was recommended that an NGO be hired to support the project team with fast tracking of this component, however this has been delayed and given that the sub-projects have already significantly advanced the scope of work earlier envisioned for the NGO may not hold now and will need to be revised. It was agreed that the ToR will be reviewed to focus mainly on ensuring sustainability. In addition, the mission recommended that the value addition be reviewed as this is based on the fact that the sub projects have progressed significantly. Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 12

13 The mission was also briefed on the additional activities being considered for implementation during the no-cost extension period including the multi-purpose dams. It was agreed that given that the CDDs are performing better than the SIs they should be given priority in the event of additional funding and more beneficiaries/community members considered. Regarding the dams, the mission recommended that more information be provided on the contribution to broader catchment management, and all related safeguard documentation including technical design reports be shared with the Bank for review. The mission was informed that some sub-projects would be affected by the newly introduced Value Added Tax (VAT) on certain activities. It was agreed that all sub-projects be reviewed in light of this and for impacted budgets adjusted accordingly, however, these additional funds should be obtained from counterpart funding as is being done in other GoU programs / projects. Component 4: Project coordination and management Whilst noting the progress made, the mission emphasized the need for effective monitoring and tracking of project results in line with the indicators and beyond e.g. capturing pictorial evidence or interviews with beneficiaries. This will help with capturing of lessons and achievements that will feed later into the project completion report. The project team was encouraged to learn from the ongoing monitoring tools in the other APL 1 countries. The project team is commended for the improved communication with key stakeholders and this should be enhanced further to improve the image and visibility of the project. Burundi A summary of recent progress is provided as annex 12, which indicates impressive progress towards watershed management goals, with over 1000 ha of land having been treated and implementation of a number of CDD subgrants about to start. The rate of disbursement has also increased markedly within the last year. However, further progress is needed, both on the acceleration of current activities, and the implementation of key studies for sanitation investments and to develop knowledge and monitoring systems in support of the watershed interventions. The team needs to finalize TORs for the consolidated ENRM technical assistance and for the national sanitation code, as well as to make sure that the Bank is provided with outputs from the sanitation master plans consultancy for timely review (as well as the smaller contracts related to fisheries and hydromet). It has been agreed that the mid-term review for Burundi will be carried out in September 2015, earlier dates being untenable due to election processes. Rwanda Watershed management activities continue to progress, with around 1,200 ha of terracing and riparian buffer protection zones having been established around Lake Rweru and in the Nyabarongo catchment. Eight CDD projects are beginning and sites have been identified from further watershed investments Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 13

14 through CMIs. Watershed management and sanitation technical advisors are being recruited to strengthen the technical capacity within the project team for management of key activities. However, further progress is needed, both on the acceleration of current activities, and the implementation of key studies for sanitation investments and to develop knowledge and monitoring systems in support of the watershed interventions. Procurement of all major studies is underway. For the sanitation master plans, designs for Kicukiro & Gasabo sewerage and plan for Gikondo & Nyabugogo wetland, the procurement processes are very advanced, but have already taken considerable time, and therefore attention is needed to make sure that contracts are finalized in a timely fashion. For the consolidated ENRM technical assistance, the process has recently started, but must not be subject to the same delays as earlier contracts. The mid-term review for Rwanda will take place in June 2015, after the Mourning Period. A national consultant is being recruited by the project to support the MTR. Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 14

15 NEXT STEPS The following table summarizes specific actions agreed between the Bank and project teams. A summary of progress against the agreed actions from the previous mission is provided in Annex 3. Agreed Actions from current mission Overall (multiple teams) Action Deadline Responsible Clarify arrangements for handover of key equipment & works including need for End March, MoUs / commitments and phasing out of 2015 All APL-1 teams support for operating costs Develop format for rapid assessment of urban coverage of sanitation and solid waste services, and agree on timetable for completion Agree on improved formats for subprojects database and evaluation reports, and agree on timetable for completion Agree on incorporation of economic models for livelihoods and agree timetable for completion Refresher training on safeguards frameworks Begin work on designs & safeguards for new or revised AF investments: UG: dams TZ: extra toilets (any additional works at Bukoba or Mwanza sewer connections?) KE: additional investments at Bomet and Homa Bay, 22 CDDs, 13 bio-toilets, 2 wetland management plans Provide recent WQ data and agree on agenda and schedule Water Quality technical visit (visit works and labs) Ensure information on project results is publically disseminated in some form on a quarterly basis Review existing communications outputs and provide more details on approach Provide consolidated report on cleaner production results, including mapping, economic & WQ data Develop quick guide to top 10 cleaner production investments End March, 2015 Before watersheds mission During watersheds mission End May, 2015 Immediate & ongoing End April, 2015 ongoing April 15, 2015 WB (Suiko) with APL-1 NPCTs WB (Maurice) with APL-1 NPCTs WB (Maurice) with APL-1 NPCTs WB and all NPCTs All APL-1 NPCTs All APL-2 teams & WB All teams WB End March, 2015 KCPC End April, 2015 KCPC Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 15

16 Action Deadline Responsible LVBC Collate data on existing compliance with LVB effluent standards to estimate compliance levels Provide table of LVBC donors and programs Share final WRMP consultancy outputs with the Bank Obtain geo-referenced data on fisheries, primarily from Frame surveys, CAS and hydro-acoustics for development of spatial maps of fishery. Submit a draft regional fisheries policy for all Basin countries for review by Bank Complete workshop report on FLTF and outline next steps towards completion of FLTF in each country. Provide final draft FMP3 for Bank review following review by states End April, 2015 End March, 2015 As soon as available May 15, 2015 End June, 2015 End March, 2015 End May, 2015 RPCT in coordination with NPCTs LVBC LVBC LVFO in consultation with World Bank fisheries expert LVFO LVFO LVFO Tanzania See actions under Overall above Kenya Clarify proposed expansion of sewage system rehabilitation at Homa Bay and Bomet using AF, including design documents for extra elements to be included Provide simple Water Hyacinth biocontrol plan (after visit to TZ if appropriate) Involve existing bio-toilet community groups in training for new installations End April, 2014 End April, 2015 Ongoing NPCT to send to WB NPCT NPCT Uganda Provide results of MSc research (as Immediate and NPCT available to be shared) ongoing Provide water quality data from WIS immediate NPCT Locate and provide farming system maps, or otherwise land unit / agro-ec zone maps Before watersheds mission NPCT Provide breakdown of V.A.T affected subprojects and consider possibility of resolving this using counterpart funding Provide report on identification and mapping of ecologically sensitive wetland / fishery sites End March, 2015 End April, 2015 NPCT NPCT Provide results to date on studies of cage immediate NPCT Lake Victoria Fisheries Report February 2015 (World Bank LVEMP 2) Page 16