C I V I C L E A D E R S H I P : T H E G L O R I O U S B U R D O N T H E G L O R I O U S B U R D E N

Transcription

1 C I V I C L E A D E R S H I P : T H E G L O R I O U S C I V I C L E A D E R S H I P : T H E G L O R I O U S B U R D O N T H E G L O R I O U S B U R D E N S O U R C E S O F P O L I T I C A L B E L I E F I N S I D E T H I S I S S U E : S O U R C E S O F P O- L I T I C A L B E L I E F P O L I T I C A L V A L- 2 C A M P A I G N I N G A N D T H E E L E C Family - Most students identify with the same party as their parents 2. Peers - As we grow the people we surround ourselves influence our beliefs 3. Media - This effects people different based on their reading and viewing habits C H E C K S A N D B A- L E N C E S S T R U C T U R E A N D Q U A L I F I C A T I O N S P O W E R S A N D D U- T I E S F E D E R A L B U R E A U C R A C Y Opinion Makers - A person who influences others 5. Historical Events - Events that take place in someone's life S T A T E A N D L O C A L G O V E R N E M T N 8 W H A T M A K E S A L E A D E R? : 1. Poise under Pressure 2. Understand True Growth Takes Struggle 3. Understand That Change and Growth Take Time 4. Understand Their Response and Responsibility 5. Need to Be A Servant 6. Need to Tell Their Truth

2 C I V I C L E A D E R S H I P : T H E G L O R I O U S B U R D E N Page 2 P O L I T I C A L V A L U E S A N D I D E O L O G I E S Shared Political Values: Liberty: Believe in the greatest amount of liberty possible as long as they don t hurt others Equality: Believe in the equality of opportunity Democracy: Believe political authority comes from the people (Remember: Individuals vary in their attachment to these values) Individualism: Believe in personal freedom and responsibility Free Enterprise: Believe in a free-market economy Rule of Law: Believe in a system of laws and rights cannot be arbitrarily taken away by the government Patriotism: Pride in the values of American Democracy Two Widely Held Ideologies: Liberalism: favors an active role for the Government in solving societies problems Conservatism: favors a limited role for the Government in the lives of citizens. Liberal D E M O C R A T S ( L I B E R A L S ) Gun Control Jackson decided to use the image of the strongwilled animal on his campaign posters. Later, cartoonist Thomas Nast used the Democratic donkey in newspaper cartoons and made the symbol famous. Believe in Change Opportunity and equality Strong Federal Government = Higher Taxes Social Programs Social Justice Environmental Laws Anti-Discrimination Education Less Military Spending Usually supported by minority groups: Catholics, Hispanics, African Americans A political cartoon about the lack of democrats voting, allowing the Republicans to control Congress R E P U B L I C A N S ( C O N S E R V A T I V E S ) Conservative Believe in Status Quo Self-Reliance Freedom In Harper's Weekly in 1874, Nast drew a donkey clothed in lion's skin, scaring away all the animals at the zoo. One of those animals, the ele- Less Involved Federal Government = Lower Taxes Laisse Faire More Military Spending Oppose Gun Control Usually supported by busi- phant, was labeled The Republican Vote. That's all it took for the elephant to become associated with the Republican Party. Reliance on the private sector Pro-Business nessman and people that live in rural areas

3 . THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE: Made up of Electors (Who really elect the president) Winner Takes All System Number of Elector = States Representatives + Senators Magic Number is 270 Electoral Votes to Win Winner of the Popular Vote is not Guaranteed Win E X P A N D I N G S U F F R A G E Pre-Civil War: Only White Males could Vote in Most Elections 1870: 15th Amendment extends the vote to African American Males 1913: 17th Amendment provides direct election of senators 1920: 19th Amendment extends the vote to Women 1924: Right to vote given to Native Americans in the Indian Citizenship Act 1961: 23rd Amendment extends the right to vote in the presidential election to the District of Columbia 1964: 24th Amendment bans poll taxes 1965: Voting Rights Act passed to protect the rights of African Americans 1971: 26th Amendment lowers voting age to 18

4 C I V I C L E A D E R S H I P : T H E G L O R I O U S B U R D O N Page 4 E X E C U T I V E B R A N C H - C H E C K S A N D B A L A N C E S The Executive Branch has powers over both the Legislative and Judicial Branches. This system of checks and balances ensures that no group becomes too powerful. Executive Branch powers over Legislative Branch 1. Vetoes acts of Congress 2. Can call Congress into a special session December 8, 1941 Roosevelt did not have the authority to declare war against Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor. He needed Congress. Executive Branch powers over Judicial Branch 1. Appoints Supreme Court justices. The President can influence the court by selecting a choosing a judge that carries the same political ideals. Republican President = Republican Judge 2. The president can grant reprieves or pardons. President Gerald Ford on a 1974 cover of Time magazine. C H E C K S T H A T L I M I T T H E P O W E R O F T H E P R E S I D E N T Legislative Branch powers over the Executive Branch 1. Senate approves treaties and appointments 2. Congress can override vetoes Judicial Branch powers over the Executive Branch 1. Supreme Court may rule that executive acts are unconstitutional. 3. Impeach a president

5 C I V I C L E A D E R S H I P : T H E G L O R I O U S B U R D O N Page 5 S T R U C T U R E A N D O R G A N I Z A T I O N O F T H E E X E C U T I V E B R A N C H The powers of the executive branch are defined in the U.S. Constitution and the Constitution of Virginia The executive branch at the Appointing cabinet officers, and federal judges Oversee the federal bureaucracy The president receives help from 1. Vice President 2. Cabinet Members I want you to learn about the Executive Branch! So listen to Mr. Nelson. one of this nations greatest teachers state and federal level carries out the laws. 3. Heads of executive agencies This includes (among many responsibilities)- Unlike the powers of the president, their responsi- Executing the laws of the land When Washington was president, he recognized that bilities are not defined in the Constitution. Preparing the annual budget one person could not perform the duties of president with out advice and assistance W H O I S I N T H E E X E C U T I V E B R A N C H President of the United States Presidential Cabinet : Departments of: 1. State 2. Treasury 3. Defense Cabinet > heads of the 15 executive departments Federal agencies such as the National Security Council Vice President Members of the Presidents cabinet 4. Justice 5. Interior 6. Agriculture 7. Labor 8. Health 9. Transportation 10. Energy 11. Education 12. Veterans affairs 13. Homeland security 14. Housing /urban dev P R E S I D E N C Y : Q U A L I F I C A T I O N S, T E R M S A N D B E N E F I T S Qualifications Native born citizen At least 35 years old U.S. resident for 14 years Term of office elected to a 4 year term No term limits set in the U.S. Constitution 22nd amendment set a 2 term limit. FDR s 4 elected terms led to a reform in term limits. Salary and Benefits $400,000 a year plus $50,000 allowance Use of Air Force One and a fleet of cars and helicopters White House and Camp David

6 C I V I C L E A D E R S H I P : T H E G L O R I O U S B U R D E N Page 6 Q U A L I F I C A T I O N S / S U C C E S S I O N A N D A M E N D M E N T S Qualifications Presidential Succession Order of Presidential must meet the same qualifications as the 8 U.S. Presidents have died while in office. Succession 1. Vice President president 1 resigned 2. Speaker of the House Duties and responsibilities Takes over if the president dies or is removed from office Presides over the senate Salary In each case, the vice president took the oath of office and became president as provided by the Constitution. 25th amendment adopted in President pro-tempore of the senate 4. Members of the cabinet in the order in which they were created. William Henry Harrison refused to wear a coat at his inauguration. He contracted pneumonia and died a month later. $186,300 annually *new president picks his VP P O W E R S A N D D U T I E S O F T H E P R E S I D E N T It is said that the President wears many hats - that is he plays many roles 1. Commander in Chief: *commands all of the armed forces 2. Chief Legislator: *recommends laws to 4. Judicial Powers: *appoints federal judges *Pardons/reprieves 5. Political Party leader *Leader of his political party *Helps the party raise $$$ *Seeks friendly relations with other countries *Makes treaties *Appoints ambassadors Being a president is like riding a tiger. A man has to keep riding or he is swallowed Harry S. Truman congress *Campaigns for party *approves/vetoes laws members 3. Economic Planner: *prepares the budget 6. Foreign Policy leader President Reagan and Soviet Union leader, Mikhail Gorbachev together trying to bring peace between the two nations. H O W T H E P R E S I D E N T I N F L U E N C E S P O L I C Y M A K I N G - ( L A W S ) The Executive Branch that is an important way for a independent agencies. influences policymaking president s agenda to be (laws) by: communicated to the public 1. Proposing legislation and to Congress. (giving congress ideas 3. Approving or vetoing bills for laws) 4. Appointing officials who 2. Giving the State of the Union Address State of the Union Address Annual speech to Congress carry out the laws The President appoints the heads of cabinet departments and President Obama delivering his first State of the Union Address in 2009 The President receives advice from his cabinet. The president could not be expected to specialize in everything. That is why he surrounds himself around great people.

7 C I V I C L E A D E R S H I P : T H E G L O R I O U S B U R D O N Page 7 E X E C U T I V E D E P A R T M E N T S *Congress has the power to establish, reorganize and to *The heads of the Executive departments make up the National Park Service and Smokey the Bear are all part of the Department of the Interior eliminate executive President s Cabinet. departments. *Each department head as *Each department has a known as Secretary with specific area of responsibility the exception of the Depart- Example: The Department of the Interior is the United States federal executive ment of Justice. They are known as the Attorney General. department responsible for the management and conservation of most federal land and natural resources. *The role of the cabinet is to advise the president and to help implement federal laws. A political cartoon about the implosion of Barrack Obama s cabinet picks I N D E P E N D E N T A G E N C I E S A N D R E G U L A T O R Y C O M M I S S I O N S Independent agencies and Regulatory commissions -Created by Congress -Help keep the government and the economy running smoothly -Separate from executive departments because they perform specialized duties -Help to carry out the laws -Provide public goods and Defense, highways and even the United States Postal Service. -These agencies establish guidelines that protect your health and safety -They overseer the way individuals and companies do business. Independent agencies Independent agencies are agencies that exist outside of the Executive departments (those part of the cabinet). More specifically, the term is used to describe agencies that, while constitutionally part of the executive branch are independ- Regulatory Commissions: part of the executive branch that regulates a specific area of the economy (ie..fcc, FTC, SEC) -The head are called commissioners *FCC Federal Communication Commission (regulates radio, TV, cable etc ) services such as national ent of presidential control T H E F E D E R A L B U R E A U C R A C Y The Federal Bureaucracy is defined as: The works of a government run by bureaus and departments by nonelected officials. -a system in which the need to follow complex procedures impedes effective action. -in short there are no quick fixes in the government. The bureaucracy was formed by the departments and agencies of the Executive Branch. *Currently over 21 million people work in the federal, state and local bureaucracy. *Operates under heavy rules and regulations that create red tape Red tape: rigid regulations of rules that prevents decision from being made.

8 STATE AND LOCAL ILLINOIS GOVERNMENT Levels of State Government: State: Executive: The top executive official is the governor. All governors are elected through popular vote (typically every four years) Legislative: Each state has its own legislature wherein the elected members can propose bills to become law, raise taxes and receive proposals for legislation from the governor. It plays the same role as does the legislature in the federal system. State Tree: White Oak State Bird: Cardinal Judicial: This system deals with state constitutional issues (laws made by the legislative assembly), as well as US constitutional issues and statutes. The kinds of cases heard by these courts include most criminal cases, personal injuries, family law (marriage, divorce and so on). County - administer state laws within a particular geographic location. It has a number of responsibilities including managing most public services such as parks, hospi- State Flag tals, fire services, libraries, schools, courts, roads and law enforcement. Township - These are a subdivision of the county. Most townships have an elected board that includes supervisors who run local services such as rubbish collection and road maintenance. The red, white and blue stripes represent the colors on our nation's flag. The three stars represent the three original districts, Oak Glen on the west end, Bernice on the north and Lansing coming together as incorporated Lansing in The sand color on the stars represents the sandy ridge that Lansing, IL Flag Municipalities: municipalities are usually a fancy name for a city or a town. Municipal governments often have elected mayors serving as the executive and elected councilors serving as legislators. They re in charge of running most public services that an average person will come into con- tact with during their daily lives. Special districts: These subdivisions of government provide a specialist function They re unique entities and even Townships of Cook County have tax-raising powers to provide the services they cover.