A Note Concerning The BLS Response Analysis Survey of. Employment Trends

Transcription

1 Employment an d Earnings SEPTEMBER Vol. 3 No. 3 CONTENTS Page A Note Concerning The BLS Response Analysis Survey of Manufacturing Establishments... CHARTS Blast Furnaces, Steel Works, and Rolling Mills Industry, January Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division... Î Ü iv xiv SPECIAL CHARTS ON THE STEEL INDUSTRY... See pages iv and v f o r charts showing recent trends in the steel manufacturing industry. Employment Trends Summary... vi Table 1: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and selected groups... viii Table 2: Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group... ix Table 3: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group... x Table 4: Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group... xi Table 5: Index of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division... xii Table 6: Index of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group... xii Table 7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division, seasonally adjusted... xiii Table 8: Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted... xiii NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data appear in italics. DETAILED STATISTICS A-Em ploym ent and Payrolls Table A-l: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division... 1 Table A-2: All employees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry... 2 Table A-3: Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payroll in manufacturing... 7 Table A-4: Employees in Government and private shipyards, by region... 8 Table A-5s Government civilian employment and Federal military personnel... 9 Table A-6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and State Table A-7î Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Subscription prices $3.50 a year; $1 additional for foreign mailing. Single copies vary in price. This issue is 35 cents. B -L a b o r Turnover Table B-li Monthly labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by class of turnover Table B-2: Monthly labor turnover rates in selected industries 24 Continued next page

2 Employment and Earnings CONTENTS - C ontinued Pag«C - Hours and Earnings Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisary employees Table C-2: Gross average weekly earnings of production workers in selected industries, in current and 1947^49 dollars Table C-3: Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production workers in manufacturing, in current and dollars Table C-4: Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, and average weekly hours of production workers in manufacturing Table C-5: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activity Table C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas NOTE I Data for are preliminary. EXPLAN ATO RY NOTES INTRODUCTION... 1-E ESTABLISHMENT REPORTS: Collection... 1-E Industrial Classification... 1-E Coverage... 1-E DEFINITIONS AND ESTIMATING METHODS: Employment... 2-E Labor Turnover... 3-E Hours and Earnings... 4-E STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS... 5-E SUMARY (F MSTHODS FOR COMPUTING NATIONAL STATISTICS... 6-E GLOSSARY... 7-E #**#*#**## REGIONAL OFFICES AND COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES...Inside back cover **»«****** The national eaployment figures shown in this report have been adjusted to first quarter 1955 benchmark levels.

3 A Note Concerning... THE BLS RESPONSE A N A LYSIS SURVEY OF MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS In any statistical undertaking as large and complex as that of the Department of Labor*s Bureau of Labor Statistics1 program on employment, hours, and earnings, there are potential sources of error. The monthly estimates of esploymsnt, weekly hours and hourly earnings, by industry, far the Nation, the States, and local areas are based on data in monthly reports covering well over 150,000 industrial and commercial establishments. This is the largest monthly reporting sample of establishments in the world. In this large network of reports and estimates, errors could arise from imprecise instructions on the schedule used for the collection of data, mistakes in reporting, and other sources* Many control procedures have been instituted by BLS over the years to minimize errors in the employment, hours, and earnings series, and these procedures are new being formalized into a system of quality control. The first large unit of new work to be undertaken in this formal program of quality control is a study of the response patterns of manufacturing establishments. A response analysis survey is now being made of almost 50 firms selected to represent the sample of over AO,000 manufacturing establishments who report on employment, hours, and earnings each month. The survey consists of personal interviews conducted by professional staff members of the Bureau's Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics. A questionnaire, respondent's interview guide, and procedures manual were developed for use in the survey. Estimates of employmsnt, hours, and earnings can be no better than the original data upon which they are based. It is obvious that the respondents mist have a d e a r understanding of the definitions used and the precise nature of the data requested. Accurate reporting also requires that concepts and definitions used in the program be consistent with the characteristics of industry so that the information requested is readily available from records usually maintained b y business establishments. The immediate objectives of the response analysis survey, therefore, are: (1) to determine how well the concepts and definitions on the schedule are understood; (2) to determine quantitatively the extent and importance of deviations in reporting from the instructions on the schedule; and (3) to provide information on the recordkeeping practices of American industry which underlie the data reported to the BLS. Results of the survey may eventually lead to clarification of the definitions on the BLS manufacturing schedule, and perhaps even to changes in concepts and instructions to bring them into line with the kinds of information that business records can provide. During December 1955 and January, teams of interviewers conducted almost 50 pretest visits, mainly in New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, and Georgia. The pretest indicated that it is possible to collect the kind of information needed on reporting and recordkeeping practices in manufacturing establishments. fr*oblems encountered by Interviewers formed the basis for determining the specific method of approach and for developing an interviewers' manual. Interviewing the 450 establishments selected for the response analysis survey began in early April and was concluded in. When the data have been tabulated and analyzed, highlights of the findings will be published in Employment and Earnings.

4 BLAST FURNACES, STEEL WORKS, AND ROLLING MILLS INDUSTRY January NUMBER Per Em p l o y e e s NUMBER THOUSANDS THOUSANDS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Latest data: preliminary

5 BLAST FURNACES, STEEL WORKS. AND ROLLING MILLS INDUSTRY January INDEX = INDEX HOURS DOLLARS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Latest data: preliminary

6 Employment Trends AUGUST E M P L O Y M E N T O F M ILLIO N A R E C O R D F O R M ONTH A s w o rk e rs retu rn ed to th e ir jo bs a fte r the ste e l s tr ik e, n on farm em ploym ent ro se by 870,000 o ver the month to a new Augu st re c o rd of m illio n. S trik e-in d u ced em ploym ent d e clin e s re p o rte d in the p rim a ry m e ta ls, m in ing, and tra n sp o rta tio n in d u strie s in w e re reco u p ed in A ugu st as n orm al operations w ere quickly resu m ed. E m p loym ent in m o st other in d u strie s held steady at high le v e ls, e xcep t fo r n orm a l sea so n a l ch an ges. H ours of w o rk in m anufactu rin g ro s e by 0. 3 hour, the a v e ra g e sea so n a l in c r e a s e, to 40.3 h o u rs. The A m e ric a n fa c to r y w o r k e r 's a vera g e w ee k ly e a rn in g s, at $79. 79, and h is a ve ra g e h o u rly e a rn in g s, at $ 1.9 8, w e re both at an a lltim e high in A ugu st. P a y fo r o ve rtim e w o rk, unchanged fro m la s t m o n th 's a v e ra g e of 2.6 hours p er w eek, accounted fo r about $ of the fa c to r y w o r k e r 's p aych eck. M A N U FA CTU R IN G E M P L O Y M E N T STRONG F a c to r y em ploym en t, at a lm o st m illio n, w as 150, 000 m o re than a y e a r ago and 670,000 above the le v e l. A p a rt fro m the pickup of 365, 000 in p rim a ry m e ta ls, w hich re fle c te d the end of the s te e l s tr ik e, ch an ges in m anu facturing em ploym ent w e re la r g e ly in line w ith sea so n a l e x p ecta tio n s.. H o w ever, a b e tte r than sea so n a l gain w as r e g is te r e d by the fa b r i cated m e ta ls in d u stry w h ere p re p a ra tio n fo r 1957-m odel autom obile production boosted em ploym ent in m etal stam ping p lan ts. E m ploym ent continued to show stre n g th in in vestm en t goods in d u s trie s, w ith e le c t r ic a l m a ch in ery showing a b etter than seaso n al gain. None le c tr ic a l m a ch in ery r e s is te d the u su al A ugust decline as a strong in cre a se in g en era l indust r ia l m a ch in ery plan ts b alan ced out continued d e clin e s in the household applian ce and fa r m m a ch in ery segm en ts of the in d u stry. The tra n sp o rta tio n equipm ent in d u stry held steady as a sligh t gain in a ir c r a ft plant em ploym ent o ffse t the slig h t lo s s e s in autom obile plants due to p rep aratio n fo r 1957 m odel changeo ver s. E m ploym ent chan ges in m o st nondurable m an u facturin g in d u strie s w e r e se a so n a l, but the a p p a rel and le a th e r in d u strie s continued to show le s s than sea so n a l g a in s. M O ST N O N M AN U FACTU RIN G IN D U STR IES A T R E C O R D E M P L O Y M E N T L E V E L S In nonm anufacturing, co n tra ct co n stru ctio n at 3. 3 m illio n set a new em ploym ent high again in th is m onth. Sustained high le v e ls of co n su m er p urch asin g re su lted in continued high em ploym ent in r e ta il tra d e, in co n tra st to the u sual su m m er slum p. F inan ce and s e r v ic e in d u s trie s, at 2.4 and 6. 1 m illio n r e s p e c tiv e ly, continued at re c o r d em ploym ent le v e ls. HOURS O F W ORK RISE S E A SO N A L L Y The fa c to r y w orkw eek ro s e sea s o n a lly fro m to h o u rs betw een and A ugust as m anufacturin g p lan ts responded to the u su al autumn pickup. An excep tio n ally la r g e gain in w eek ly hours w as rep o rted by the ru bber indust r y, re fle c tin g p roduction buildups of n ew -typ e t ir e s intended fo r 1957 auto m o d e ls. G re a te r than seaso n a l d e clin e s in the a v e ra g e w orkw eek w e re re p o rted in the to bacco in d u stry as m any p a rt-tim e w o r k e rs w e re added to p a y r o lls of to b acco stem m ing and re d ry in g p lan ts. P e tr o leu m p rod u cts a lso re p o rted a la r g e d eclin e in hour s. C o m p ared w ith la s t A ugu st, the a v e ra g e w o rk w eek w as down by 0. 3 h o u rs. V irtu a lly a ll m anufacturin g in d u stries re p o rte d sh o rte r hours of w o rk. D eclin es of m o re than one hour p er w eek o c c u rre d in fu rn itu re, to b acco, and text ile s. The only m anufacturing in d u strie s r e p o rtin g lo n g er h ours of w o rk w e re ord n ance, n o n e le c tric a l m a ch in ery, and in stru m e n ts. A v e ra g e o vertim e hours put in by fa c to r y p roduction w o rk e rs w ere again unchanged this m onth at 2. 6 h o u rs, w ith o v e r-th e -m o n th inc r e a s e s in som e in d u stries b alan cin g out dec lin e s in o th ers. F A C T O R Y EARNINGS A T NEW A U G U ST R E C O R D The a v e ra g e w eekly p aych eck of fa c to ry production w o r k e rs ro s e by a lm o st $ o ver the m onth, fro m $78.80 to $ P a rtic u la r ly la rg e gains in w ee k ly e arn in gs w e re r e p o rted in ru bber ($ ), fu rn itu re ($ 2. 16), lu m b er ($ ), and a p p a rel ($ ), attrib u t able both to lo n g er hours of w o rk and h igher a ve ra g e hourly earn in gs. D urable-goods indust r ie s re p o rted an o v e r-th e -m o n th gain of $ in w eekly earn in gs. N ondurable-goods indust r ie s posted an o v e r-th e -m o n th lo s s of 22 cen ts

7 in the w eekly p aych eck, as a consequence of dec lin e s in to bacco ($ ), p etro le u m ($ ) and food ($ ), w ith sh o rte r h o u rs re sp o n sib le fo r the drop in w eekly pay. A ll m anufacturing in d u stry groups re p o rted h ig h er w ee k ly e arn in gs this A ugust than la s t, w ith the a v e ra g e up $ The h e a v ie s t ov'erth e -y e a r gain s in w ee k ly pay o c c u r re d in o rd n an ce, m a ch in ery (excep t e le c tr ic a l), p etro le u m, c h e m ic a ls, and p ap er, w ith the w eekly p aych eck a v e ra g in g $4. 00 to n e a rly $ m o re than in A ugust On the other hand, tex tiles and fu r n itu re re p o rted gains of le s s than one d o lla r in w ee k ly e a rn in g s. A v e ra g e h o u rly earn in gs in m anufacturing ro s e fro m $ in t o.$ in A ugust. The in c re a s e in durable-goods in d u strie s w as fro m $2. 07 to $2. 10 p er h our, w h ile in n on du rables, h o u rly e arn in gs d eclin ed fro m $ to $ The o v e r -th e -y e a r gain fo r a ll m anufacturing ind u strie s w as 10 cents p er hour.

8 Table 1. Employ*««in nonagricultural establishments, by in d u s t r y division a n d selected groups (In thousands) Industry division and group Auguat 1/ Current 1/ Year»go August 1955 August net change from: Previous month Year ago TOTAL...._5l»782 50,918 _5iiT0?, 50,*8* ,305 MINING * * * Nonmetallic mining and quarrying... ll* CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION... 3,3*5 3,289 3,257 3, MANUFACTURING... 16,973 16,301 16,809 16, DURABLE GOODS... 9,731 9,291 9,76* 9,582 +1*1*0 + ll* * l.i* Lumber and wood products (except furniture) O *.* Primary metal industries.... 1, * l,33*.l 1,301.* Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation 1,086.it 1, , , *.9 2l*.7 1, , , ,587.* *.1* 1, , , , ,715.* 1, , ,77* Instruments and related products... 3*1.* Miscellaneous manufacturing industries... *9*.l *77.9 *91.1 * i*.o 7,2tó 7,010 7,0*5 7, * Pood and kindred products... 1, , , , ,0*1.0 1,018.* 1, , Apparel and other finished textile 1, ,1*7.0 1, , _ * Printing, publishing, and allied *8.* * I * * ll*.l TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES... *,191 *,1*6 *,181 *, * TRANSPORTATION... 2,758 2,717 2,776 2,76* + 1*1-6 COMMUNICATION * *9 OTHER PU BLIC U T IL I T I E S ' + 12 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE... 11,009 11,015 11,091 10, WHOLESALE TRADE... 2,976 2,970 2,955 2,86* RE T A IL TRADE...; 8,033 8,0*5 8,136 7,8* * 1,3*1.2 l,3*5-7 1, , Food and liquor stores... 1, , , ,*85.* * Apparel and accessories stores * Other retail trade... 3, , , , FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE... 2,355 2,351 2,320 2,265 + l* + 90 SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS... 6,138 6,138 6,089 5, *2 GOVERNMENT... 6,961 6,937 7,150 6, * + 271* FEDERAL... 2,22* 2,208 2,193 2, ^ STATE AND LOCAL... *,737 *,729 *,957 *,* *0 1/ Preliminary. vili

9 Table 2. Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group (In th o usands) August 1/ C u r r e n t 1/ Y e a r a g o August 1955 August net chan g e from: P r e v i o u s m o n t h Y e a r ago MANUFACTURING... 13,208 12,553 13,078 13,261» DURABLE GOODS... 7,5** 7,116 7,602 7,55* +1*28-10 O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t I * *76.2 *72.9 *8*.2 *75.* ,105.* 75*.3 1, ,097.* F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t o r d n a n c e, m a c h i n e r y, a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n * * 893.* , ,259.* 1, ,166.* & * ,2*7.6 1, , ,3* I n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s * M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s * NONDURABLE GOODS... 5,66* 5,*37 5,*76 5, *6 F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s... 1,2*8.8 1, , , T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s * A p p a r e l a n d o t h e r f i n i s h e d t e x t i l e p r o d u c t s... 1, , ,0*9.2 1, * *65.1 *59.0 *65.6 * Printing, publishing, and a l lied 5*6.6 5*3.* 5* *9.8 5** * 5* *.0 17* R u b b e r p r o d u c t s U > L e a t h e r a n d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s * *9.* l/ P r e l i m i n a r y

10 Table 3. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group Average weekly earnings A v e r a g e weekly hours A v e r a g e h ourly earnings M a j o r i n d ustry group IS ( IS> ! 1955 Ançust J aiy August August Jtugturt August August T r 1/ Tr MANUFACTURING... * «.a $76.33 *0.3 *0.0 *0.6 *1.98 *1.97 «1.88 DURABLE GOODS... «5.89 8*.0* *0.9 *«.6 * * *2 *1.5 *1.5 *0.* « Lu m b e r and w o o d products (except f u r n i t u r e ) * ta., Furniture and fi xtures )6 *1.0 *0.2 *2.0 1* Stone, clay, and glass p r o d u c t s *1.3 *1.0 * Pr i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s... (2/) * (2/) *0.0 *0.5 (2/) 2« F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l products (except ordnance, machinery, and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n equip * *1.1 *0.8 * e06 1*99 Machinery (except electrical). 9S.8B * *2.0 *1.8 *1.6 2«21 2e20 2*09 Electrical m a c h i n e r y » 76.1* *.2 *0.0 *.5 le 96 1* Transportation eq u i p m e n t *0.7 *0.6 *1.1 2* I n s t ruments and r e lated *1.1 *0.6 *0.6 2* M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s NONDURABLE GOODS... * * Food and kindred p r o d u c t s... 7*.3* *0.* *1.0 * Tobacco m a n u f a c t u r e s h 9.1 L T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s Í * A pparel and other f i n ished textile p r o d u c t s * Paper and allied p r o d u c t s... 8*. 32 8*.o *2.8 *2.9 *3.2 1*97 1* Printing, publishing, and allied i n d u s t r i e s... 9*.l* 93**1 9L.* C hemicals and a llied products. 87.5* 87.5* *1.1 *1.1 * Products o f p e t r o l e u m and c o a l *0.7 *1.6 * Rubber p r o d u c t s * * Leather and leather products **7 53.8* 37.* * / Preliminary. 2/ Not available * ^

11 Table 4. Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group Major industry group August l/ 1/ G r o s s Overtime hours G r o s s Overtime hours Gross Overtim e hours average Percent average weekly Average of total weekly Average Percent average of total weekly Average Percent of total hours hours hours MANUFACTURING * DURABLE GOODS * * _ -. * * L u m b e r and wood products (except * * 6.0 1* *1.1* P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s * F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t o r d n a n c e, m a c h i n e r y, a n d t r a n s p o r * M a c h i n e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) * 8.1 1* * * I n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s * * M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries...» * NONDURABLE 800D S A 2.1* * * 6.1 F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s.... « * T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s * A A p p a r e l a n d o t h e r f i n i s h e d t e x t i l e Paper and allied products * *2.7 1^ Printing, publishing, and allied _ Chemicals and allied products * 1* Products of petroleum and coal * 5.8 1* * JJ Preliminary. 1

12 Table 5. Index of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division ( = 100) I n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n August ll C u r r e n t J u l y ll Y e a r a g o JUne August 1955 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d p u b l i c U8. 4 U 6.lt u t i l i t i e s * W h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l t r a d e Finance, i n su rance, and r e a l e state * ll P r e l i m i n a r y. Table 6. Index of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, { = 100) M a j o r i n d u s t r y g r o u p August if C u r r e n t ii Y e a r a g o JUne August 1955 MANUFACTURING e8 101* DURABLE GOODS U 3.2 L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t * Stone, clay, a n d g r a s s p r o d u c t s * * F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t o r d n a n c e, m a c h i n e r y, a n d t r a n s U *4 133.* I n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s U U 6. 0 M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s NONDURABLE GOODS... 99o A p p a r e l a n d o t h e r f i n i s h e d t e x t i l e * * *4 P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s P r i n t i n g, p u b l i s h i n g, a n d a l l i e d ll * o P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o l e u m a n d c o a l *.l l] Preliminary. xii

13 Seasonally A d ju s te d D ata Table 7. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division, season ally adjusted TOTAL-2/. Industry division Augus t 1/ Index ( «= 100 ) 1/ no August Ç August If 51, , 6o 16,840 4, ,173 2, 320 6,018 Mining-^-/ ^.2 Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous Q.O Government ,232 l / P r e l iminary, 2/ May data revised: Total 117.6, 51,454; Mining 83.8, 794. Table 8. Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted Number (In thousands) 1J 51, ,074 16,467 4, , ,305 6,018 7, » , *32 16, ,162 2, 2G7 5, 99 7,161 August , >833 16, 677 4,105 1o, 873 2, 232 5,878 6,946 Major industry group MANUFACTURING... DURABLE GOODS. Ordnance and accessories... Lumber and wood products (except f urniture)... Furniture and fixtures... Stone, clay, and glass products... Primary metal industries... Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)... Machinery (except electrical)... Electrical machinery... Transportation equipment... Instruments and related products... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries... NONDURABLE GOODS. Food and kindred products... Tobacco manufactures... Textile-mill products... Apparel and other finished textile products.... Paper and allied products... Printing, publishing, and allied industries... Chemicals and allied products... Products of petroleum and coal... Rubber products... Leather and leather products... Au gust 1/ o O';.0 gb. 5 Ò ^ log g 1.2 Index ( = 100) 1/ 102. g o o. n o o g August Ì HI August 1/ 13, 088 7, , , 285 8g8 1, , K.QG 1, l, 06l 4^ Number (In thousands) 1/ 2 2,730 7, , > ,500 1, , ,149 7, , , , , August ,137 7, , , , ,544 1, , / Preliminary. a d ii

14 Millions 20 EMPLOYEES IN NONAGRICULTURAL ESTABLISHMENTS BY INDUSTRY DIVISION Millions Wholesale and Retail Trade ^ icevaii i rane P^-vr ' * V5 I * f UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR MIAU Of LAMM STATISTICS LATEST DATA: JULY, PRELIMINARY

15 Table A-l: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division Year and month T O T A L Mining Annual a v e r a g e : Contract c o n s t r u c t i o n (In thousands) M a n u f a c turing T r a n s p o r t ation and p ublic u t i l i t i e s Wholesale and retail trade F inance, i n s u r a n c e, and real estate Service and m i s c e l laneous Go vernment ,829 1,124 1,021 10,53* 3,711 *,661* 1,050 2,05* 2, ,088 1,230 8*8 10,53* 3,998 *,623 1,110 2,1*2 2, *, ,012 8,132 3, *59 *,75* 1,097 2,187 2, , ,185 8,986 3,505 5,08* 1,079 2,268 2,5* ,128 1,203 1,229 10,155 3,882 5, *9* 1,123 2,*31 2, ,770 1,092 1,321 9,523 3,806 5,626 1,163 2,516 2, ,505 1,080 1,**6 9,786 3,82* 5,810 1,166 2,591 2, ,539 1,176 1,555 9,997 3,9*0 6,033 1,235 2,755 2,8* ,691 1,105 1,608 9,839 3,891 6,165 1,295 2,871 2, ,710 1,041 1,606 9,786 3,822 6,137 1,360 2,962 2, ,0*1 1,078 1,*97 10,53* 3,907 6,1*01 1,*31 3,127 3, ,1*3 1,000 1,372 9, *01 3,675 6,061* 1,398 3,081* 3,1* , ,21* 8,021 3,2*3 5,531 1,333 2,913 3,261* , ,797 2,80* *,907 1,270 2,682 3, ,* ,258 2,659 *,999 1,225 2,61* 3, , ,3*6 2,736 5,552 1,2*7 2,78* 3, , ,907 2,771 5,692 1,262 2,883 3, * , ,1*5 9,653 2,956 6,076 1,313 3,06o 3, ,718 1,006 1,112 10,606 3,11* 6,5*3 1,355 3,233 3,7* , ,055 9,253 2,81*0 6,*53 1,3*7 3,196 3, , ,150 10,078 2,912 6,612 1,399 3,321 3,995 19*0.. 32, ,29* 10,780 3,013 6,9*0 1»*36 3, *77 *, , ,790 12,97* 3,2*8 7, *16 1,1*80 3,705 *,660 19*2.. 39, ,170 15,051 3, *33 7,333 1,*69 3,857 5, * *2, ,567 17,381 3,619 7,189 1,*35 3,919 6, *1,53* 883 1,09* 17,111 3,798 7,260 1,*09 3,93* 6,0* *0, ,132 15,302 3,872 7,522 1,1*28 *,011 5,9** 19*6.. *1, ,661 l*,*6l *,023 8,602 1,619 *,*7* 5, *3,* ,982 15,290 *,122 9,196 1,672 *,783 5, *7* M*, 1*1* ,169 15,321 i*,l*l 9,519 1,7*1 *,925 5, *3, ,165 1*,178 3,9* ,765 *,972 5, **, ,333 1*,967 3,977 9,6*5 1,821* 5,077 6, *7,3* ,603 16,101* M 66 10,012 1,892 5,26* 6, *8, ,63* 16,33* *,185 10,281 1,967 5,*11 6, *9, ,622 17,238 1*,221 10,527 2,038 5,538 6,6* *8,1* ,593 15,995 *,009 10,520 2,122 5,661* 6, *9, ,780 16,557 *,056 10,803 2,215 5,85* 6, :... 50,07* 772 3,032 16, *77 *,113 10,707 2,263 5,988 6,722 August... 50,1*81* 779 3,088 16,820 *,136 10,713 2,265 5,996 6,687 September. 50, ,09* 16,919 *,1*8 10,902 2,2*8 5,971 6,926 October.. 51, ,031 17,006 *,121 10,990 2,2*1 5,915 7,0*3 November.. 51, ,921 17,052 *,139 11,213 2,238 5,883 7,033 December.. 51, ,756 17,027 *,161 11,8*9 2,21*3 5,853 7,32* : January... 50,28* 777 2,588 16,81*2 *,083 10,920 2,238 5,803 7,033 February. 50,21* ,588 16,82* *,083 10,819 2,250 5,818 7,081* March... 50, * ,669 16,761* *,106 10,931 2,265 5,859 7,122 April... 50,81* ,853 16,769 *,121 10,928 2,278 5,979 7,130 May... *51,197 *786 3,0*0 16,715 *,138 10,985 2,289 6,0*1 7, , ,257 16,809 I*,l8l 11,091 2,320 6,089 7,150 50, ,289 16,301 *,1*6 11,015 2,351 6,138 6,937 Revised. 1

16 Industry Employment Table A -2: All em ployees and production workers in n onagricultural establishments, b y industry i In thousands) All employees Production workers Industry b 1955 TOTAL, x j... 50,918 51,709 50, MINING. 1/... 7* METAL MINING * * Lead and zinc mining ANTHRACITE, i/ BITUMINOUS-COAL CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION Petroleum and natural-gas production (except contract services) NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION... 3,289 3,257 3, NONBUILDING CO NSTRUCTIO N _ Other nonbuilding construction B U ILD IN G CO NSTRUCTIO N... 2,688 2,666 2, GENERAL CONTRACTORS... 1, , , SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS... 1,5*9.3 1, ,426.3 _ Plumbing and heating... 3* Electrical work Other special-trade contractors ~ - - MANUFACTURING... 16,301 16,809 16,477 12,553 13,078 12,942 DURABLE GOODS... 9,291 9,764 9,507 7,116 7,602 7,491 NONDURABLE GOODS... 7,010 7,045 6,970 5,437 5, *76 5,451 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS... 1, , , , , ,157.8 Meat products Dairy products Canning and preserving * Grain mill products Bakery products * Confectionery and related products Beverages... 23* O * TOBACCO MANUFACTURES *.l Tobacco and snuff

17 1A i impj. '\H Table A-2: A ll em ployees and production w orkers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued ( In t h o u s a n d s ) A l l e m p l o y e e s P r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s I n d u s t r y 1<5« «p TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS... 1, , , S c o u r i n g and c o m b i n g p l a n t s B r o a d - w o v e n f a b r i c m i l l s K n i t t i n g m i l l s D y e i n g a n d f i n i s h i n g t e x t i l e s C a r p e t s, r u g s, o t h e r f l o o r c o v e r i n g s H a t s ( e x c e p t c l o t h a n d m i l l i n e r y M i s c e l l a n e o u s t e x t i l e g o o d s APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS... 1, , , , I , , M e n ' s a n d b o y s ' f u r n i s h i n g s a n d w o r k c l o t h i n g W o m e n 's, c h i l d r e n 's u n d e r g a r m e n t s M i s c e l l a n e o u s a p p a r e l a n d a c c e s s o r i e s O t h e r f a b r i c a t e d t e x t i l e p r o d u c t s LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) L o g g i n g c a m p s a n d c o n t r a c t o r s S a w m i l l s a n d p l a n i n g m i l l s M i l l w o r k, p l y w o o d, a n d p r e f a b r i c a t e d * FURNITURE AND FIXTURES H o u s e h o l d f u r n i t u r e O f f i c e, p u b l i c - b u i l d i n g, a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l * P a r t i t i o n s, s h e l v i n g, l o c k e r s, a n d f i x t u r e s...* S c r e e n s, b l i n d s, a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s f u r n i t u r e a n d f i x t u r e s PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS P a p e r b o a r d c o n t a i n e r s a n d b o x e s PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES * C o m m e r c i a l p r i n t i n g B o o k b i n d i n g a n d r e l a t e d i n d u s t r i e s M i s c e l l a n e o u s p u b l i s h i n g a n d p r i n t i n g M

18 Industry f'mplovnu'nt Table A-2: All em ployees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued ( I n t h o u s a n d s ) A l l e m p l o y e e s P r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s I n d u s t r y 1C> > CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS *K>.8 I n d u s t r i a l i n o r g a n i c c h e m i c a l s D r u g s a n d m e d i c i n e s S o a p, c l e a n i n g a n d p o l i s h i n g p r e p a r a t i o n s P a i n t s, p i g m e n t s, a n d f i l l e r s G u m a n d w o o d c h e m i c a l s F e r t i l i z e r s ' V e g e t a b l e a n d a n i m a l o i l s a n d f a t s M i s c e l l a n e o u s c h e m i c a l s PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL C o k e, o t h e r p e t r o l e u m a n d c o a l p r o d u c t s RUBBER PRODUCTS O t h e r r u b b e r p r o d u c t s LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather: tanned, curried, and fi ni s he d I n d u s t r i a l l e a t h e r b e l t i n g a n d p a c k i n g B o o t a n d s h o e c u t s t o c k a n d f i n d i n g s L u g g a g e H a n d b a g s a n d s m a l l l e a t h e r g o o d s G l o v e s a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s l e a t h e r g o o d s STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS G l a s s a n d g l a s s w a r e, p r e s s e d o r b l o w n G l a s s p r o d u c t s m a d e o f p u r c h a s e d g l a s s P o t t e r y a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s C o n c r e t e, g y p s u m, a n d p l a s t e r p r o d u c t s C u t - s t o n e a n d s t o n e p r o d u c t s M i s c e l l a n e o u s n o n m e t a l l i c ' m i n e r a l PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES , , , ,084.4 B l a s t f u r n a c e s, s t e e l w o r k s, a n d r o l l i n g m i l l s P r i m a r y s m e l t i n g a n d r e f i n i n g o f n o n f e r r o u s m e t a l s S e c o n d a r y s m e l t i n g a n d r e f i n i n g o f n o n f e r r o u s m e t a l s Rolling, drawing, and a l l oying of M i s c e l l a n e o u s p r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s

19 Table A-2: All em p loye e s and production workers in non agricu ltu ral establishments, by industry - Continued! MM'A'Wlk' (In thousands) All employees Production workers Industry FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)... 1, , , * * 5*.9 Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware * Heating apparatus (except electric) and *. 5 9*.* Fabricated structural metal products Metal stamping, coating, and engraving *, Lighting fixtures *.7 38.* *7.8 *8.6 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)... 1, , , , , ,170.7 Engines and turbines Agricultural machinery and tractors * Metalworking machinery Special-industry machinery (except General industrial machinery * 159.* Office and store machines and devices *.3 Service-industry and household machines Miscellaneous machinery parts O ELECTRICAL MACHINERY... 1, , , * Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus * I * Miscellaneous electrical products TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... 1, , , , , , * Aircraft and parts * Aircraft propellers and parts Other aircraft parts and equipment * Ship and boat building and repairing * Shipbuilding and repairing * *7.3 *0.1 Other transportation equipment * INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Laboratory, scientific, and engineering *.0 Mechanical measuring and controlling Optical instruments and lenses Surgical, medical, and dental *3.1 *

20 Indu -<ti v I i Table A -2: A ll employees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, b y industry - Continued (In thousands) A l l e m p l o y e e s P r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s I n d u s t r y J u l y J u l y J u l y J u n e J u l y MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES... *77.9 *91.1 * J e w e l r y, s i l v e r w a r e, a n d p l a t e d w a r e.... *7.8 *9.8 * M u s i c a l i n s t r u m e n t s a n d p a r t s * P e n s, p e n c i l s, o t h e r o f f i c e s u p p l i e s * C o s t u m e j e w e l r y, b u t t o n s, n o t i o n s * * *5.1 1*9.5 1*5.9 11* TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES... *,1*6 *,181 *, TRANSPORTATION... 2,717 2,776 2,7*5 1, , ,2*0.6 _ 1, ,07*.8 1,091.* _ U _ -, O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d s e r v i c e s... 6* B u s l i n e s, e x c e p t l o c a l... *5-* ** 5 *5.8 _ - _ A i r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( c o m m o n c a r r i e r ) * * - COMMUNICATION « * 727.* H 2. 8 *2.6 * OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES _ G a s a n d e l e c t r i c u t i l i t i e s E l e c t r i c l i g h t a n d p o w e r u t i l i t i e s * 25* *9.2 1*7.6 1**.* E l e c t r i c l i g h t a n d gas u t i l i t i e s 177.* *.2 L o c a l u t i l i t i e s, n o t e l s e w h e r e * WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE... 11,015 11,091 10, WHOLESALE TRADE... 2,970 2,955 2,859 _ W h o l e s a l e r s, f u l l - s e r v i c e a n d l i m i t e d - _ 1, , , * G r o c e r i e s, f o o d s p e c i a l t i e s, beer, w i n e s, a n d l i q u o r s... 30* _ E l e c t r i c a l goods, m a c h i n e r y, h a r d w a r e, *62.8 *60.6 *36.3 _ O t h e r f u l l - s e r v i c e a n d l i m i t e d - f u n c t i o n *7.* W h o l e s a l e d i s t r i b u t o r s, o t h e r... 1, , , RETAIL TRADE... 8,01*5 8,136 7,8*8 G e n e r a l m e r c h a n d i s e s t o r e s.... 1,3*5-7 1, , D e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s a n d g e n e r a l m a i l - o r d e r 883.* *62.3 *79-1 * _ 1, , ,* G r o c e r y, m e a t, a n d v e g e t a b l e m a r k e t s.... 1, , , D a i r y - p r o d u c t s t o r e s a n d d e a l e r s... 2*2.7 2*0. V O t h e r f o o d a n d l i q u o r s t o r e s * _ * *5.3-3, , , F u r n i t u r e a n d a p p l i a n c e s t o r e s *0.6 3*

21 Table A -2 : A ll employees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued I n d u s t r y ( I n t h o u s a n d s ) A l l e m p l o y e e s; I«« J u l v J u n e J u l v P r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE... 2,351 2,320 2,263 B a n k s a n d t r u s t c o m p a n i e s S e c u r i t y d e a l e r s a n d e x c h a n g e s... 8* I n s u r a n c e c a r r i e r s a n d a g e n t s O t h e r f i n a n c e a g e n c i e s a n d r e a l e s t a t e SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS... 6,138 6,089 5,988 H o t e l s a n d l o d g i n g p l a c e s... P e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s : _ C l e a n i n g a n d d y e i n g p l a n t s M o t i o n p i c t u r e s GOVERNMENT... 6,937 7,150 6, FEDERAL... 2,208 2,193 2,187 _ STATE AND LOCAL... 4,729 4,957 4,535 _ ~ - l/m&y r e v is e d d a t a a r e : T o t a l 51,197; M i n i n g 706; A n t h r a c i t e a l l e m p lo y e e s 26.5, a n d p r o d u c t io n w o rk e r«24.2. Table A-3! Indexes of production-worker employment and w eekly payrolls in manufacturing P r o d u c t i o n - wojrker e m p l o y m e n t P r o d u c t i o n - w o r k e r Y e a r P r o d u c t i o n - w o rker e m p l o y m e n t P r o d u c t i o n - w o r k e r Y e a r N u m b e r I n d e x p a y r o l l i n d e x and N u m b e r I n d e x p a y r o l l i n d e x ( in t h o u s a n d s ) ( = 100) ( = 100) m o n t h (in t h o u s a n d s ) ( = 100) ( = 100 ) , , , , Aug... 13, , S e p t... 13, , Oct... 13, l6l.l , Nov... 13, I , D e c , , , ,715 ioe Jan... 13, , Feb... 13, , Mar... 13, , Apr... 13, , M a y... 13, , , *--- 12, , , J L

22 Shipyards Table A-4: Employees in Government and private shipyards, by region (In thousands) Region 1/ 1955 J u l y Ju n e J u ly ALL REGIONS NAVY YARDS NORTH ATLANTIC ? * SOUTH ATLANTIC GULF: PACIFIC GREAT LAKES: INLAND: V / The North Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The South Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. The Gulf region includes all yards bordering on the Gulf of Mexico in the following States: Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The Pacific region includes all yards in California, Oregon, and Washington. The Great Lakes region includes all yards bordering on the Great Lakes in the following States: Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The Inland region includes all other yards. 2J Data include Curtis Bay Coast Guard Yard. 8

23 L'vH er nmenî Table A-5: Government civilian employment and Federal military personnel (In thousands) Unit of Government Jtme 1955 TOTAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT i/... 6,937 7,150 6,722 FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT 2/... 2,208 2,193 2,187 2, , , ,0*6.2 1,0*0.2 1,036.* I * *.3 *.3 *.0 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 3/ * Department of Defense ll*.l Judicial STATE AND LOCAL EMPLOYMENT... *,729 *,957 *,535 State... 1,2*2.7 1,291.1 l,17*.l 3,*86.2 3,665.* 3, , , , ,865.* 2, ,755.1 TOTAL MILITARY PERSONNEL 4/... 2,8*0 2,835 2,969 1, , , I 67* * / Data refer to Continental United States only. 2/ Data are prepared by the Civil Service Commission. 3/ Includes all Federal civilian employment in Washington Standard Metropolitan Area (District of Columbia and adjacent Maryland and Virginia counties). 4/ Data refer to Continental.Uni ted States and elsewhere. J L

24 Table A-6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and State (In thousands) State TOTAL Mining Contract construction Alabama * Arizona * *,251.* *,2*2.9 *, **0.8 **7.2 * * * (1/) (1/) (l/> District of Colunbla *93.7 (2/) (2/) (2/) Florida... 9*0.7 95* S Georgia... 95^ *.l Idaho... 1**.3 1* Illinois... 3,*12.2 3,*71.5 3, Indiana. 1, , , * * V *.l Î Maine ao * Massachusetts... 1, , ,782.* (2/) (2/) (2/) Michigan... 2, ,3*0.* 2,* Minnesota...» * Missouri... 1, , , * , ,90*.3 1, New Mexico * Hew York... 5, , , North Carolina... 1, , , North Dakota * , , , « * Oregon... *98.2 *98.9 * Pennsylvania... 3, ,7*7.1 3,667.* *.^ (2/) (2/) (2/) *.* * Tennessee... 85* * Texas... 2, , , Utah * * Virginia West Virginia... *69.* *87.2 * ,1*8.9 1, , See footnotes at end of table.

25 Table A - 6: Employ«*«in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and State - Continued S t a t e M a n u f a c t u r in g ( I n t h o u s a n d s ) T r a n s p o r t a t i o n an d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s W h o le s a le an d r e t a i l t r a d e * J u l y * *3.6 1*3.8 1* * * * **9 1, ,1*0.6 1, * *26.7 *32.7 * **.* * * I d a h o *.* I l l i n o i s... 1,2*1.* 1, ,2* * * * * * * * 16* * 127.* 1*7.5 1* M a in e * M a r y la n d... 2* * * M i c h i g a n , ,139.* *65.3 *73.6 * * * M i s s i s s i p p i * O 8*.6 8*.* 8*.7 M i s s o u r i Ti * *1.* *1.3 *1.6 5.* * * W. 5 3**.6 3*3.7 3*1.* N ev M e x ic o *0 *2.9 *2.6 *1.* N e v Y o r k * 1, , ,86* ,29*.2 1, ,281.3 *50.6 *53.9 ** * O h io... 1, , ,3* * O O k lah o m a * * P e n n s y lv a n i a... 1, ,*93.* i,*yr.9 303* * O T e x a s... *6*.8 *73.6 ** * * U t a h V e rm o n t V i r g i n i a * *.2 21* W a s h in g to n ^ > W e st V i r g i n i a * *68.5 *58.3 * * W yom in g See footnotes at end of table

26 St jîc i m p l o \ m e n t State Tabl«A-6: Employ*«* in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and Stat«- Continued (In thousands) Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous Government 1955 _ * Arkansas * Colorado * Delavare l* O * Florida Georgia Idaho O Illinois * Iowa I *.* * Maryland hl Michigan * Minnesota Montana New Jersey * *7.* 44.1 New York * Ohio Oklahoma Oregon * * o.o Virginia V West Virginia I / Mining combined with construction. 2 / Mining combined with service* 3/ Revised series; not strictly comparable with previously published data* h/ Fédéral employment in Maryland and Virginia portions of Washington, D* C., Metropolitan area included in data for District of Columbia* 12

27 Area and industry d ivision Table A -7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division A i v j tmploynu'rtl (in thousands) Number o f employees Number o f employees Area and industry 1955 _ 1955 d ivision JuLy. Julv Julv Julv ALABAMA CALIFORNIA Birmingham Fresno Manufacturing Mining Contract con stru ction Los Angeles-Lona Beach Manufacturing , , ,948.9 Trans, and pub. u t i l Contract con stru ction Manufacturing Trans, and pub. u t i l Mobile T ota l... 85A 85.c 81.9 Contract con stru ction Sacramento 2 / Manufacturing Manufacturing Trans, and pub. u t i l San Bernardino *2 3-3 Riverside-Ontario Service l /, u y 9 8 u. 71 Manufacturing San Diego AEIZOHA Phoenix Contract con stru ction Mining Manufacturing Contract con stru ction Trans, and pub. u t i l Manufacturing Trans, and pub. u t i l Finance S e rv ice c2^ j * Government... *3.7 * San Francisco-Oakland Tucson * 1.4 T otal Contract con stru ction M inina Manufacturing Contract con stru ction Trans, and pub. u t i l Manufacturing Trans, and pub. u t i l» Finance S ervice J-A,L #J Pi nnnca Government O San Jose ARKANSAS L ittle Rock- Contract con stru ction N. L ittle Rock Manufacturing Trans, and pub. u t i l Contract con stru ction Manufacturing Finance Trans, and pub. u t i l Trade Government Stockton See footnotes at end of table. 13

28 A i C d [ mn!o\"r»ent A r e a an d In d u s t r y d i v i s i o n COLORADO Denver T E S T.... Mining..... Contract construction. Manufacturing. Trans. and pub. util... Trade.... Finance.... Service... Government... CONNECTICUT Bridgeport T ros r ; ;.... Contract construction l/ Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance Service... Government... Hartford Total.... Contract construction Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade Finance Service... Government.... New Britain Total..«.'... Contract construction Manufacturing. Trans. and pub. util... finds... Finance.... Service... Government... WewHaven '... Contract construction \J Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance Service... Government.... S t a m fo r d Tabl«A -7: Employ«««in nonaflricultural.stablishm.nts for scl.ct.d areas, by industry division - Continued (in thousands) Number of employees Number of emoloyees Area and industry j m «vsbc!9i J u ly division » * « Total Contract construction \ j 4.1 Manufacturing Ttons. and pub. util Trade Finance See footnotes at end of table. lk « « M> v * * Stamford - Continued Waterbury Total I 65.8 Contract construction 1/ Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util DELAWARE Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington 6I Contract construction... U6.7 1* Manufacturing Ttans. and pub. util I FLORIDA Jacksonville Total Contract construction Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Miami Contract construction Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Tampa-St. Petersburg Total Contract construction..« Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util IA.9 1*

29 Area and Industry division GBOBGIA Atlanta t e s t :... Contract construction*.. Manufacturing... Trans* and pub. util«*««trade.... Finance... Service 1/ Oovemment... Savannah To U T Contract construction. Manufacturing... Brans, and pub* util.#.. Brade... Finance.... Service 1/... Government... IDAHO Boise Total*» * «* Contract construction Manufacturing* TTans. and pub* util. Tirade... Finance... Service... Government... ILLINOIS Chicago Total* * «Mining* Contract construction Manufacturing... Trans, and pub* util* Tirade... Finance... Service... Government... Rockford Total* * * * * * * Contract construction l/ Manufacturing.... Trans, and pub* util***. Tirade... Finance... Service... Government INDIANA Evansville Total** IT.... Mining... Contract construction... See footnotes at end of table. Table A -7: Employ*«* in nonagricultural establishments, for M kcttd areas, by industry division - Continued Number o f em ployees "- r r I w O , (2/) (a/> (a/) <a/> , , (In thousands) , A r e a and In d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Evanaville - Continued Manufacturing... Trans. and pub* util**** Trade... Finance... «* Service 4/... Fort Wayne... Contract construction* * «Manufacturing... TTans* and pub* util*.«. Trade... Finance... ** Service 5/... Indianapolis Total...*e...*..«..* Contract construction Manufacturing...!Qrans* and pub* util* Trade... Finance... Service 4/... South Bend Contract construction*.* Manufacturing.... Trans, and pub. util.*.. Trade Finance... Service 5 /... IOWA Des Moines T E s n r r r. Contract construction.. * Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service 1/ Government*... KANSAS Topeka TfcSaT... Mining... Contract construction... Manufacturing.... Trans, and pub. util... Tirade... Finance.... Service...*... Government N uaber o f employe* - r g g r "afflar USE

30 Area Lmployrnent Tabl. A -7: Employ*«* in nonagricultural «stablishm.nts for s«l«ct«d areas, by industry division - Continued Area and Industry division KANSAS - Continued Wichita Total... Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service... Government... KENTUCKY Louisville Total... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service l/... Government... LOUISIANA Baton Bouge Total... Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service... Government... New Orleans Total Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade.... Finance... Service Government... MAINE Lewiston Total... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade Finance... Service l/... Government... See footnotes at end of table. 123, , , (in thousands) Number of employees W E M a Area and industry division Portland Total... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service 1 /... Government... MARYLAND Baltimore Total... Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service... Government... MASSACHUSETTS Boston Total... Contract construction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service 1/... Government... Fall Blver Total... Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Government... Other nonmanufacturing. New Bedford T ota l... Contract con stru ction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. u t i l... Trade... Government... Other nonmanufacturing. Springfield-H olyoke Total. Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service 1 /... Government... Number of employees 195E O

31 Table A-7: Employ*** in nonagricultural *stablishm*nts, for s*l*ct*d ar*as, by industry division - Continued V' r,j [ rnp't VirU nt (In thousands) Number of employees Area and industry 1<> _ Area and Industry division division MASSACHUSETTS - Continued Worcester Total... Contract construction Trans, and pub. util MICHIGAN Detroit 1, , ,317.6 Mining Contract construction Trans, and pub. util Flint Grand Rapids Lansing Muskegon Saginaw O MINNESOTA Duluth Contract construction Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util Minneapolis-St. Paul Contract construction Trans, and pub. util See footnotes at end of tat>le. MISSISSIPPI Jackson Total... Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service... Government... MISSOURI Kansas City Total... Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturlng... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service... Government... St. Louis Total... Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service... Government... MONTANA Great Falls Total.... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Service j... Government... NEBRASKA Omaha Total... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service 1 /... Government... Number of employees ti/> (3/> (2/> m (1 /) (1 /) <2/> (i/) (2/)

32 Ar o d [ m p l o y r r v n l Area and Industry division Tobl«A-7: Em ploy««in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued HEVADA Reno Contract construction * Manufacturing l/««« firans«and pub. util*... h f finds * *.«3.6 HEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester "IMi!«... *1.3 *1.3 *0.7 Oontract construction Seans«and pub«util firade *.* *.3 * (In thousand«) Number of employees Area and industry M v division 1955 firenton Oontract construction.« Manufacturing *1.6 *0.8 Trans«and pub. util * HEW MEXICO Albuquergue Contract construction..«5.5 5.* * 9.8 firans. and pub. util * 15.* 13, , HEW JERSEY Nsvark-Jersey City 2/ 7/ "e u i..77« * * Contract construction.« Manufacturing H Trans, and pub. util *.* Trade... 1*0.1 1*2.8 1*0.7 *7.3 *6.9 * * Paterson 7/ K S I ' Mining Oontract construction.. a?.* 26.* 22.8 Manufacturing * Trans, and pub. util.« * * 12.* * * 36.* 38.8 Perth Amboy 7/ *fctilv.v * Contract construction Manufacturing.... 8*.l 8* Trans, and pub. util..«. 9.* « * ao.7 Sea footnotes at end of tal9le HEW YORK Alban^-8chenectady-Troy Contract construction Manufacturing Trans, and pub«util ,8 * Binghamton * 76.8 Contract construction.«« *1.5 *1.1 *0.* Trans, and pub. util * i * * Buffalo *2*. 9 *53.1 **5.9 Contract construction.«. 2*.0 83.* 83.2 Manufacturing Trans, and pub. util l*.l 13.9 l*.l *6.3 *6.8 * Elmira 3*.2 3* * 6.* Other nonmanufacturing.. 10.*

33 f mpk vmont Tabl«A-7: Employ«*«in nonagricultural establishments, for s*l*ct*d ar*as, by industry division - Continued Area and industry division NEW YORK - Continued Nassau and Suffolk Counties 7/ Total* ««*.* * Contract construction Manufacturing... Trans«and pub. util* Trade... Finance... Service 1/... Government... New York-Northeastern New Jersey Toted... Mining... Contract construction** * Manufacturing... Trans* and pub. util..** Trade «*...*. Finance... Service**.**... Government...** New York City 7/ Total.«..* *. Mining... Contract construction. * * Manufacturing «* Trans, and pub* util**** Trade... Finance... Service*****... Government... Rochester Total* * * * Contract construction. * * Manufacturing* * Trans* and pub. util***«trade... Finance... Service 1 /... Government*... Number of employees JL25& J t e.. J , , , , , , , , O * 397.^ (In thousands) , , , , III Area and industry division Utica-Rome - Continued Trade... Finance... Service 1/... Government... Westchester County 7/ Total... Contract construction... Manufacturing... Trans, and pub* util.«trade... Finance... Service 1/... Government.... NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte Total... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans* and pub. util..*. Trade... Finance... Service 1/... Government... Greensboro-High Point Manufacturing... Winston-Salem Manufacturing. NORTH DAKOTA Fargo Total.*... Contract construction.. * Manufacturing.....* Trans* and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service 1 /... Government... Number of employees m u 12», I I Syraouse Total*.. Contract construction* * * Manufacturing... * Trans, and pub* util**.* Trade... Finance... Service 1/... Government.** ^ OHIO Akron Manufacturing. Canton Manufacturing. Cincinnati Manufacturing O.9 I63.O I Utica-Rame Total Contract construction Manufacturing Trans. and pub. util See footnotes at end of table Cleveland Manufacturing. Columbus Manufacturing

34 Area Employment Table A-7: Em ploy««in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division - Continued Number o f e m p lo yees 1955 A r e a and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n J u l y Ju n e J u ly (In thousands) A r e a a n d In d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of employees 1955 O H IO - C o n t in u e d D a y t o n T o le d o Y o u n g sto w n OKLAHOMA O klah om a C i t y T o t a l C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n M a n u f a c t u r in g T r a n s, and pub. u t i l T u l s a C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n M a n u f a c t u r in g T r a n s, an d p ub. u t i l.. « OREGON P o r t la n d T o t a l C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n M a n u f a c t u r in g T r a n s, and p ub. u t i l PEN N SYLV ANIA A lle n t o v n - B e t h le h e m - E a s t o n E r i e H a r r i s b u r g T o t a l C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n T r a n s, and p u b. u t i l See footnotes at end of table. a Harrisburg - Continued Trade... Finance... Service... Government... Lancaster Manufacturing.... Philadelphia Manufacturing... Pittsburgh Total... Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service... Government... Reading Manufacturing... Scranton Manufacturing..../ Wlikes -Barre Haz leton Manufacturing... York Manufacturing... RHODE ISLAND Providence Total... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service 1 /... Government... SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Total... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service 1/... Government... Greenville Manufacturing O

35 Tabl* A -7: Employ**» in nonagricultural establishments, for s*l*ct*d areas, by industry division - Continued Area Employment Area and industry division SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Jails Total... Contract construction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service 1 /... O o v e m m e n t... Chattanooga Total... Mining... Contract construction... Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service... Government... Knoxville Total... Mining... Contract construction.. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance.... Service... Government... Memphis Total... Mining... Contract construction... Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service... Government... Nashville Total... Mining... Contract construction... Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service... Government... UTAH Salt Lake City Total... Mining... See footnotes at end of table. Number of employees II I II I3O O I (In thousands) I30.I I A re a and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Salt Lake City - Continued Contract construction.. Manufacturing.... Trans, and pub. util... Trade... Finance... Service... Government... VERMONT Burlington Total... Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Service... Other nonmanufacturing Springfield Total... Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Service... Other nonmanufacturing VIRGINIA Norfolk-Portsmouth Total... Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service... Government... Richmond Total... Mining... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service... Government... WASHINGTON Seattle Total... Contract construction. Manufacturing... Trans, and pub. util.. Trade... Finance... Service 1 /... Government Julv I7.9 I I3.O I5.3 I5.O 14.3 I5.2 I I6.8 I I I5.7 I I I O 13.O I O I

36 Af\ \ í [ mployrnent Tabl. A -7: Employ««* in nonagricultural «*tablishm«nt* for sel«ct«d areas, by industry division - Continued A r e a and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n ( I n t h o u s a n d s ) Number o f em ployees Number o f em ployees A r e a a n d In d u s t r y _ d i v i s i o n WASHINGTON - Continued Wheelin«- Spokane Steubenville - Continued Trans, and pub. util... (2/> Contract construction (a/) Manufacturing F i n a n c e... (3/) Trans, and pub. util Service... (a/) T r a d e G overnment... (a/) Service 1 / WISCONSIN Milwaukee l Tacoma Contract construction I T o t a l... 7"5 1j 7i 75 1j 1 7^ IJ *79 Manufacturing ^ Contract construction Trans, and pub. util O Manufacturing T r a n s. and pub. u t i l F i n a n c e Trade O 16.O 1 *5.^ Service _1/ ^.2 F i n a n c e... j J ^ tv Government Service J / Government Racine Contract construction WEST VIRGINIA Manufacturing Charleston Trans, and pub. util T o t a l M i n i n g F i n a n c e Contract construction S e r v i c e\ J Manufacturing I Government Trans, and pub. util WYOMING S e r vice Casper Government Contract construction Wheel in#?-steubenville Manufacturing T o t a l... (a/) Trans, and pub. util Mining. (a/) 5.4 5* Contract construction... d / ) <3/> l/ Includes mining. 2/ Revised series; not strictly comparable with previously published data. 3/ Not available. 4/ Includes government. 5/ Includes mining and government. 6/ Includes mining and finance. 2/ Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey. 22

37 Table B-lt Monthly labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by class of turnover L a b o r T u i n o v c i 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955,. 1948, 1949, 1950, , 1953, o« m (Bar 100 employees Jan* Feb. Mar. Apr. Aug. Sept. Oot. Nov. Dec. Annual average Year TotelL accetision k , *ï ?-3 3.4?* Totia sepsu ation Î- 5?? Quit Dischaj"C Ô Layofj * l.l Mlscc»llaneoiis. inç]ludine 1nilitoq t

38 w m m m Table B-2: M onthly labor turnover rates in selected industries Industry (Per 100 employees) Total accession rate 1?56 1 #6 Separation rate Total Quit Discharge Layoff I956 Misc., incl. military MANUFACTURING... 3 ; 3 k k DURABLE G NONDURABLE GOODS k.o 3.O ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES k.l k FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS k.o 3-k l.k Ö k k.k B e v e r a g e s : k.k k.k TOBACCO MANUFACTURES l.k k (1/) k TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS k k.l A 3-9 k k k (1/).1 (2/) 3-8 (2/) k.o (2/) 2.1 (2/).1 (2/) 1-7 (2/).1 Dyeing and finishing textiles Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings.,3/. (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS l.k M e n s and boys' furnishings and work k.k LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) k k Logging camps and contractors... (2/) I3.O (2/) 7-9 (2/) 6.2 (2/) -7 (2/) -7 (2/) Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated 3.2 k k FURNITURE AND FIXTURES k k k k PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS k.k Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills k.l k.k CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS l.k k.k (1/) (1/) k See footnotes at end of table. 19^6

39 t b o i Iui'iiovcf Table B-2! M o n t h ly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries-continued Industry (Per 100 employees) fosat" ' Separation rate accession rate Total ÛULit Discharge Layoff J u ly J u ly I956 J u ly J u l y J u l y Ju n e Misc., incl. military I956 PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL O (1/) (1/) O RUBBER PRODUCTS I LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather: tanned, curried, and finished STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS (1/) PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m i l l s l. l Steel foundries : Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals: Primary smelting and refining of copper, Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals: Rolling, drawing, and alloying of copper i Nonferrous foundries I Other primary metal industries: Iron and steel forgings FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT) Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and edge t o ols (1/) Ha r d w a r e Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers' supplies Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere Fabricated structural metal products Metal stamping, coating, and engraving See footnotes at end of table. J u l y Ju n e -22.

40 Table B-2t M onthly labor turnover rates in selected in dustries-c ontinued Industry (Per 100 employees) Total accession rate J u ly I I Separation rate Total Quit Discharge Layoff J u n e 1! J u n e J u l y Ju n e 19*56 J u ly Misc., incl. military J u l y 19*56 Ju n e MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) I Engines and turbines Agricultural machinery and tractors... (2/) 3-7 (2/) 5.9 (2/) 1.3 (2/) 3 (2/) 3.7 (2/) I I Metalworking machinery (except machine Special-industry machinery (except metal General industrial machinery I Office and store machines and devices Service-industry and household machines Miscellaneous machinery p a r t s ELECTRICAL MACHINERY Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus , (2/) 5.1 (2/) 3.5 (2/) 2.3 (2/).4 (2/).6 (2/).2 Radios, phonographs, television sets, Telephone, telegraph, and related (2/) 4.2 (2/) 2.3 (2/) 1.7 (2/) 3 (2/).1 (2/).2 Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscel TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Aircraft engines and p a rts (1/) Aircraft propellers and p a r t s... (2/) (2/) ( /) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (I/) (2/) (2/) (2/) Ship and boat building and repairing... (2/) 13.7 (2/) 10.6 (2/) 2.9 (2/).6 (2/) 6.7 (2/).4 / 4.2 (a/) 6.8 (2/).8 (2/).2 (2/) 5.3 (1/).5 Locomotives and p a r t s... 2/ 4.3 2/J 4.4 (2/).6 (2/).3 (2/) 2.6 (2/) (2/) 8.4 (2/) 9 (2/).2 (2/) 7.0 (2/) 3 Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Photographic apparatus Watches and c locks * Professional and scientific instruments.. (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated w a r e I See footnotes at end of table.

41 I,îtvr T u r i i o u î Table B-2: M o n th ly labor turnover rates in selected industries-continued N O m W A C T U R I N G : Industry (Per 100 employees) ^otal accession rate l# 6 1?56 Seiparation rate Total ûuit Discharge Layoff Misc., incl. military I956 I956 I956 I956 METAL MINING O (l/> (l/).1 (1/) (1/) ANTHRACITE MINING (1/) BITUMINOUS-COAL MINING (1/) COMMUNICATION: (2/) 3.9 (2/) 2.0 (2/) 1.7 (2/).1 (2/).1 (2/).1 (2/) 3.0 (2/) 1.8 (2/) 1.2 (2/).1 (2/J.2 (2/) 3 1/ Less than / Not available. 2J May data are: 2.0, 5.5, 1.5, 0.4, 3.5, and 0.2 respectively. 4/ May data are: 4.3, 4.6, 0.7, 0.2, 3.0, and 0.7 respectively. 5/ May data are: 3*6, 6.3, 0.5, 0.2, 4.4, and 1.3 respectively. 6/ Data relate to domestic employees except messengers and those compensated entirely on a commission basis.

42 Hours vini Table C-1: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees MINING: Industry Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings. A METAL MINING... Iron mining... Copper mining... Lead and zinc mining... ANTHRACITE.*... BITUMINOUS-COAL... $ IOO * $ O $ $ $ O CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION: Petroleum and natural-gas production {except contract services)... IO6.OI NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION... IO3.O NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION... Highway and street... Other nonbuilding construction BUILDING CONSTRUCTION GENERAL CONTRACTORS SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS... Plumbing and heating... Painting and decorating... Electrical work... Other special-trade contractors... MANUFACTURING IOO.6I , I DURABLE GOODS...,... NONDURABLE GOODS... ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES O5 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS... Meat products... Meat packing, wholesale... Sausages and casings... Dairy products... Condensed and evaporated milk... Ice cream and ices... Canning and preserving... Sea Tood, canned and cured... Canned fruits, vegetables, and soup Grain-mill products... Flour and other grain-mill products Prepared feeds... Bakery products... Bread and other bakery products... Biscuits, crackers, and pretzels o I I.8I 1.85 I I

43 Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours _ 1955 Average hourly earnings FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS - Continued $83.95 $81.14 $ $1.98 $1.96 $ Beet sugar k Confectionery and related products k Malt liquors Distilled, rectified, and blended Miscellaneous food products * Corn sirup, sugar, oil, and starch ^ I TOBACCO MANUFACTURES kO k k V» Tobacco stemming and redrying TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS Scouring and combing plants k k Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber k o.o k ko kl k k k Pull-fashioned hosiery k k k-5-57 kl k k k0.3k k Dyeing and finishing textiles ko Dyeing and finishing textiles (except 63.7^ k ko.k Wool carpets, rugs, and carpet y a r n Hats (except cloth and millinery) Pelt goods (except woven felts and I.65 Paddings and upholstery filling Processed waste and recovered fibers k9>65 4o.o 40.7 k Artificial leather, oilcloth, and k

44 H o u r s,kui L i m i n g Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Average weekly earnings J a n e 1 0 = 6 J ü l y Average weekly hours J tm e 1 < J u l y i o r i ; J u l y 10 % Average hourly earnings APPAREL AND OTHER F IN IS H E D T E X T IL E PRODUCTS... * * * k 8. 2 k * * L. k 5 $ $ Men's and boys' suits and coats k M e n s and boys' furnishings and work k k.7 5 k k.7 6 k Shirts, collars, and nightwear... t o. 52 k k.3 9 k 0. k » Separate trousers... J k k l , k O.k O k 3 6. k U i * 5 ^ k k. 8 3 k.o k k. k k k J W b r 1 *» > k k. 7 3 k Women's suits, coats, and skirts k k * Women's, children's under garments... k 7. k 8 J k * Underwear and nightwear, except corsets. k k.9 6 k * 1 3 Corsets and allied garments k é. k l. k k 5k.6o Children's outerwear... k * k 6. k? Miscellaneous apparel and accessories... k 9.k 5 k k k, 6 k k Other fabricated textile products k 9. 2 k l. k l Curtains, draperies, and other house- * k s. k k k k l. k l«4o ko.o l. k k LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE) ko.5 ko Logging camps and contractors k Sawmills and planing mills... 7 k k 0. 6 k l.l ko Sawmills and planing mills, general... 7 k k ko.6 k l. i ko k k k k 6. l * k l. k k l. k k 3. k L k ko k Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated k l ko.7 k 0» 8 I k. k k 7 k k 3 ko.9 k l. 3 k k. l k o. 5 ko.6 k l k 0. 7 k o l. k Wooden boxes, other than cigar k 6 ko.9 ko.9 ko.5 l. k l ko.8 kl.3 k l. 7 l. k * *0 FURNITU R E AND F IX T U R E S k. 96 k o. 2 ko.3 ko ko I Wood household furniture, except k k ko.7 ko.3 k l. 5 l. k Wood household furniture, upholstered k 6 k. k k Mattresses and bedsprings k ko.9 I Office, public-building, and professional furniture ? k l. O k2.o kl.o k kl.k k 3. 2 kl.o k. 0 2 ko.9 k l. 7 k l Partitions, shelving, lockers, and 8k k l. l k l. 6 ko Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous furni- 6 6.fc > k.6 2 kl.o ko.5 ko

45 Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Hours aiui Liìninos Industry J u l y Average weekly earnings J u n e J u l y Average weekly hours J u l y J u n e J u l y I 956 I J u l y Average hourly earnings J u n e PAPER AND A L L IE D PRODUCTS... * 8 *. 0 8 $ 82. 1*1 $ $ $ $ Pulp, paper, and paperboard m i lls I ** I * I. 8I * I I.69 P R IN T IN G, P U B L IS H IN G, AND A L L IE D IN D U S T R IE S i e I * o. o I.60 I Bookbinding and related industries Miscellaneous publishing and printing IO CHEM IC A LS AND A L L ÍE D PRODUCTS I Industrial organic chemicals W I 5 Plastics, except synthetic rubber I o. 4 o I I.94 I.92 I.85 Soap, cleaning and polishing n Paints, pigments, and fillers Paints, varnishes, lacquers, and I I ' Fertilizers ' I.65 I Vegetable and animal oils and fats Vegetable oils I. 9I I I Essential oils, perfumes, cosmetics I.70 I Compressed and liquified gases PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL Petroleum refining Coke, other petroleum and coal products I. I O RUBBER PRODUCTS O I O I I.9 1 I.85 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS * I Leather: tanned, curried, and finished I.80 Industrial leather belting and packing «

46 Hours and Earnings Table C-l: Hours r i d gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry J u ly Average weekly earnings J u ly 1955 Average weekly hours Ju n e J u l y J u ly 1955 J u l y Average hourly earnings LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS - Continued Luggage... $60.67 *62.17 $ $1.58 $1.57 $1.49 Handbags and small leather goods Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS I I Gla?s and glassware, pressed or blown o.4o Pressed and blown glass Glass products made of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and hollow tile I Sewer pipe l. l I Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete products I Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral Abrasive products PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills, except electrometallurgical Electrometallurgical products Gray-iron foundries I Primary smelting and refining of Primary smelting and refining of Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals... Rolling, drawing and alloying of I.89 nonferrous metals Rolling, drawing, and alloying of Rolling, drawing, and alloying of Miscellaneous primary metal industries IOI J u ly

47 Hours and Earnings Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Average weekly earnings i m Average weekly hours 1955 I I 1! Average hourly earnings FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT). *84.05 $84.46 $ $2.06 $2.06 $1.99 Tin cans and other tinware Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hardware Heating apparatus (except electric) and Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere Fabricated structural metal products Structural steel and ornamental metal Metal doors, sash, frames, molding, and Sheet-metal w o r k Metal stamping, coating, and engraving Vitreous-enameled products l.l Stamped and pressed metal products Fabricated wire products Miscellaneous fabricated metal products Metal shipping barrels, drums, kegs, MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) Steam engines, turbines, and water Diesel and other internal-combustion engines, not elsewhere classified Agricultural machinery and tractors Agricultural machinery (except tr a c t o r s ) Construction and mining machinery Construction and mining machinery, except for oil fields Oil-field machinery and t o ols Metalworking machinery Machine tools Metalworking machinery (except machine Machine-tool accessories Special-industry machinery (except metalworking machinery) Food-products machinery l.l Textile machinery T Paper-industries machinery Printing-trades machinery and equipment

48 Table C-l: Hour* and gross «armings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry Average weekly earnings 1996 II J u ly A v e r a g e w e e k ly hours J u n e J u l y 1955 J u ly Average hourly earnings MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) - Continued *91.34 *92.87 * $2.18 $2.18 $ Conveyors and conveying equipment Blowers, exhaust and ventilating fans Industrial trucks, tractors, e t c Mechanical power-transmission equipment Mechanical stokers and industrial Office and store machines and devices Computing machines and cash registers I.89 Service-industry and household machines l.l Commercial laundry, dry-cleaning, and Sewing machines Refrigerators and air-conditioning Miscellaneous machinery p a rts Fabricated pipe, fittings, and valves Ball and roller bearings Machine shops (job and repair) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus *98 Wiring devices and supplies Carbon and graphite products Electrical indicating, measuring, and Motors, generators, and motor-generator Power and distribution transformers Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial k Insulated wire and cable Electrical equipment for vehicles Electric lamps Radios, phonographs, television sets, and equipment... *... i Telephone, telegraph, and related Miscellaneous electrical products Primary batteries (dry and w e t ) X-ray and non-radio electronic tubes Ju n e J u l y

49 Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Hours and taming Industry J u l y Average weekly earnings J m e J t a ly Average weekly hours J V m * 1 <*56 J u l y J V Ü Average hourly earnings TRANSPORTATION EQ U IP M E N T * * * * Motor vehicles, bodies, parts, and : l. o Trailers (truck and automobile)... 80: : : : : : : M. 3 4 l. l Aircraft engines and parts... 96: 0e 9 ^ : l. 8 * a Aircraft propellers and p a rts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing o. l Shipbuilding and repairing e Boatbuilding and repairing * o * e Railroad and street cars Other transportation equipment... T ï.te o. l INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Laboratory, scientific, and engineering Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments Surgical, medical, ana dental instrum ents I o. l M ISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING I N D U S T R IE S o. l , 7 0 Jewelry and findings O I * I I.89 Musical instruments and p a rts * Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls, and Children's * Sporting and athletic goods o. l l Pens, pencils, other office supplies o.i 4l.O Costume jewelry, buttons, n otions l. O 4 l * ^ J u n e J t o ly

50 Hours and i f nui Table C-h Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Industry TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES:. Average weekly earnings 1955 Average weekly hours 1955 Average hourly earnings 1955 t r a nsportation: (1/) *87.78 *81.14 (I/) <i/> $2.11 $1.96 * $ COMMUNICATION: 7* Switchboard operating employees^/ Line construction, installation, and OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES: Electric light and power utilities... 9* Gas utilities Electric light and gas utilities combined WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE: WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE (EXCEPT FATING AND DRINKING PLACES) Department stores and general mail Pood and liquor stores Automotive and accessories dealers Apparel and accessories stores Other retail trade: Furniture and appliance stores Lumber and hardware supply stores FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: Security dealers and exchanges IOI SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS: Hotels and lodging places: Personal services: Cleaning and dyeing plants Motion pictures: Motion-picture production and distri l/ Not available. 2/ Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators; service assistants: operating room instructors: and pay-station attendants. During 1955 such employees made up 4l percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments reporting hours and earnings data. 3/ Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen: line, cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. During 1955 such employees made up 26 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments reporting hours and earnings data. b/ Data relate to domestic employees except messengers and those compensated entirely on a commission basis. 5/ Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and tips, not included. * Anthracite - May revised data are: $70.66, 29.2, and $2.42 respectively.

51 Table C-2: Gross average weekly earnings of production workers in selected industries, in current and dollars Ad I us ted tam ings Ye ar Manufacturing Current Bituminous-coal mining Current Laundries Current Year Bituminous-coal Manufacturing Laundries and mining month Current Current Current Annual a verage: Monthly data: * * * * * * * * * ÌI8 : * ** *9.97 5*.l* 5* ** * * * * * * * * * as *0.70 * * * **36 3*.50 3*.06 3*.04 3*.69 3* JtOyeeee Angeeeee Sept.**. Octee ee Feb. e e eeee Apr e eeee Mfty* eeee JtQ16ee ee * * * * * a * *41.01 *o.*o *0.70 *1.01 * 1. U *1.31 *1.51 * * *2.95 * *a Table C-3: Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production workers Year Annual average * * * * **... 19* * * * * Gross average weekly earnings Index Amount ( =* 100) * * **.5 in manufacturing, in current and dollars Net spendable average weekly earnings Worker with no dependents Current * * * ** 59 * *5.23 ** * * Worker with 3 dependents Current * * * *5 * * Year and month Monthly data: Aug*e e e e S e p t.... O c t.eeee H Ò V... DeCe.ee« a n..... F e b... Mare ee Apr... May* eeee J u n e * e e J u l y.... Gross average weekly earnings Index Amount ( = 100) * ** * *8.3 1* *9.2 1* Net spendable average weekly earnings Worker with no dependents Current * * 64.* *5*. 9* * Worker with 3 dependents Current * *2 72. * *

52 \J ii >k\i I j r m i u Table C-4: Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, and average weekly hours of production workers in manufacturing Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Year Average hourly earnings Average Average hourly earnings Average Average hourly earnings Average and Excluding overtime weekly Excluding weekly Excluding weekly mont h Gross Index Gross Gross Amount hours overtime hours overtime hours ( ) Annual average : $0.729 $ *.5 *0.6 $0.808 $ $0.640 $ ^ * » 69.it ** * * /-963 1/7*.8 *3.* / I/ *0.* *0.* * e I.V * * * * l ii2l lxl.3 * : JuXy *2.1 *0.* A u g, *1.3 * Sept *2.1 * Oct# V 1*2.9 * Nov I.85 1* 3.6 * Dec *3.6 * : Jan *5.2 * Ftb(« **.* * Mar««« *6.0 *0.* A p r *7.5 * May *7.5 * *8.3 * *7.5 * / 1 1 -month average; August 1945 excluded because of VJ-day holiday period. 38

53 Year and month TOTAL 2J Table C-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and constmction activity -V Mining division Contract construct ion division = ) Manufacturing division T o tal: Durable goods Total : Nondurable goods M an-h our Indexes Manufacturing - Durable goods Lumber and Ordnance and wood products accessories (except furniture) 1947: Average K.6 10k : Average * 103.* * : Average « : Average * : Average * * : Average : Average : Average« * * : A v e ra g e I * : J u l y l * *. l * *07.8 9*.2 A u g * * * * , * **9 N o v * * : J a n F e b * * * May *81.7 1* ».7 15*.* * * J u l y * Manufacturing - Durable goods - Continued Vo ig ar a t* Stone, clay, Fabricated Machinery Transportation and Purni ture and glass Primary metal metal (except Electrical month and fixtures products industries products electrical) machinery equipment 1947: A v e ra g e * : A v e ra g e.. 10* : A v e ra g e * : A v e ra g e * * s A v e ra g e * * : A v e r a g e *. 3 10* * : A v e ra g e * * : A v e r a g e * * s A v e ra g e * * : J u l y * **.5 A u g * * * O c t... 11*.7 11*. 3 11* * N o v * *0.3 15* * * 1*0.6 15*. 0 : J a n *6.9 F e b * 117.* * * * * * M a y * * J u l y * See footnotes at end of table. 39

54 \1 / m íkmii liijcvv Table C-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activity ^ Continued ( = ) Manufacturing - Durable goods-con. Manufacturing -- Nondurable goods Year and Instruments Miscellaneous Pood and Tobacco Textile-mill Apparel and other month and related manufacturing kindred manufactures products finished textile products industries products products 1947: Average.. IO IO io* : Average.. IO3.O : Average I f : Average : Average I03.I : Average : Average IO : Average : Average * * Nov Dec I : Jan * Feb IO Mar * May * Year and month Paper and allied products Manufacturing - Nondurable goods - Continued Printing, publishing, and allied industries Chemicals and allied products Products of petroleum and coal Rubber products Leather and leather products 1947: Average IO : Average IO : Average O : Average * : Average : Average C» * s Average IOO : Average ,7 IO * * Average.. 11*.* IO7.O * O U II : Jan... II IO9.I 93.3 II Feb... 11* IO9.O Mar... II K> May II6.8 H I IO O IO _1/ Aggregate man-hours are for the weekly pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month and do not represent totals for the month. For mining and manufacturing industries, data refer to production and related workers. Por contract construction, the data relate to construction workers. _2/ Includes only the divisions shown. fkevised. 4o

55 State and Area Hours and f amines Table C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas State and area Averaire weekly earnings Average weekly hours Averagei hourly earnings 1<> * JUly Æ ür. Jtaly *59.90 *6l.*6 * * *8 *1.56 H. 5 8 H.52 Birmingham 7*.* l.6o 39.6 *e.o *0.8 le88 1.9? 2.00 Mobile *1.2 * » *2.5 *2.5 * Phoenix *2.3 *2.2 * * * *0.1 *0.* * o 1*28 Little Rock-.N. Little Rock 5*.8l 55.* *0.3 *0.8 * CAI2F0RHIA *. 93 *0.* *0.5 * Fresno * * Los Angeles-Long Beach 89.6* 89.6* 85.** *0.8 *0.8 *0.9 2e Sacramento ** *0.* San Bernardino- Riverside-Ontario *0.6 *0.1 * San Diego 93.ee *1.6 *2.* * San Rrancisco-Oakland» * * San Jose *1.9 * * Stockton 87.I * * COLORADO ** *0.8 *1.2 * Denver e k.s s *9 * *!.* S *1.0 *1.1 *1.0 1*98 J Bridgeport 8*.*6 8*.*6 S3L.2Q *1.2 *1.* * ! Hartford 87.5* * *2.7 *2.3 * ^ Rev Britain *0.1 *0.6 *2.3 1* Saw Haven 77.7* 78.3* 70.*0 *0.7 *0.8 *0.0 1* Stamford (XL Waterbury *0.8 *0.7 * *0.7 * Wilmington 9*.* L.48 *0.0 *0.9 * DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington l.*l 39.2 *0.3 * FLORIDA «*1.1 *1.1 * Jacksonville 67** *1.1 ( Ù ) Miami Ê Æ 6* fiyj *0.7 *0.7 ( V ) w ) Tampa-St. Petersburg ^28 *0.2 *0.6 *0.2 1* E a o *.* * Atlanta * * Savannah *1.7 *2.5 * * 89.2* *3.5 *2.7 * I L U H 0 I S *0.3 *0.8 * Chicago *.66 *0.* *0.8 * Rockford 85.* *1.6 *2.9 * *0.0 *«.5 *0.* IOWA *0.1 * U 9 S Des Moines *5 78.* See footnotes at end of table. 4l

56 State and Area Hours and farnirigs Table C-& Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued State and area Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings, _ JuÜL... Ms., KANSAS... *83.60 *82.8* *79.58 *1.8 *1.9 *1.9 $2.00 $1.98 $1.90 Tbpeka *2 *1.5 *1.0 * a 1.82 Wichita 66.8k 8*.* *1.8 *1.* * KENTUCKY... Louisville 75.6* W i / ) *0.7 * fi/i 1.75 (Sf) 81.6* *0.6 *1.2 (Sf) LOUISIANA * *0 ki.i *0.7 * I.69 Baton Rouge * *i.i *1.2 * New Orleans 7* * * MAINE *0.2 *0.1 * Lewiston 56. U 5* * Portland 72.* *. 21 *3.2 *1.7 * le6l 1.53 MARYLAND *0.7 *1.0 * *84 Baltimore *1.2 *1.1 * MASSACHUSETTS Boston 7*. 26 7* * Fall River * *.o New Bedford * * Springfield-Holyoke *0.8 *0.3 *0.* Worcester * *0.6 *1.0 * MICHIGAN * * Detroit * * Flint * * Grand Rapids * *0.5 *0.2 * Lansing 9* * *5.* Muskegon * Saginaw *0.5 *0.* * MINNESOTA * *0.* *0.5 * IXiluth 76. *6 83.9* o Minneapolis-St. Paul * *0.6 *0.2 * MISSISSIPPI... 5*.l* *9.92 * * Jackson *.26 *0.9 *2.2 *0.8 l.h MISSOURI *. 90 7* * Kansas City 79** * 39.9 * St* Louis *3 *0.2 *0.0 * MONTANA... 92* * *1.8 *1.8 * NEBRASKA... 73* * *1.8 *2.* * ffrqqhfl. G / > 79.*1 7*.22 (!/) *2.0 *2.2 <i/> NEVADA * NEW HAMPSHIRE * *0.9 *0.3 * Manchester *2 See footnotes at end of table. 42

57 State and Area Hours and f arninps Tabl. C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings State and area Newark-Jersey City 2/ Paterson 2/ Perth Amboy 2/ Trenton $ NEW MEXICO Albuquerque NEW T O ffic Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Nassau and Suffolk Counties 2/ New York-Northeastern New Jersey Sew Xork City 2/ Rochester Syracuse Utica-Rone Westchester County 2 / NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte Greensboro-High Point * OL.56 * o.4o a Wk/%C e? $ e $2.04 2e * DL A H J L.V W e ü O1A CelO * ? Q C 9Q Q 39.1 euu le 1 9 oft * * *1.0 *1.0 *0.2 J7efc NORTH DAKOTA (1/) Fargo m OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown 95.** OKLAHOMA* Oklahoma Clty Tulsa OREGON Portland I ojm PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-Bethlehem- Easton Erie Harrisburg Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton York See footnotes at end of table M s u *7. «* * o.4 4l * *1.1 *1.0 *1.0 4o.o *1.0 * * * û 41.6 t a w *1.3 * QQ O J7*^ * * * * * I.89 JL *1. SO oa le PO 1.70 C 0 «oc c v\ ? «1 2.2? m O 91. j j

58 Ar..., (k Table C-6: Hours and gross «amings of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued State and area Averaae weekly earnings Aversi» weekly hours Aver»»f hourly earnings I?*> 1955 J s Ïe* 1955 RBMDE ISLAND.... *65.57 $65.31 * *1.67 $1.65 I.56 Providence I SOUTH CAROLINA I I.29 Charleston I SOUTH JXKDBk o;o I Sioux Falls TERRESTE, e < Chattanooga I.52 Khoxville I.71 Manphis I.72 I Nashville I.60 I.51 TEXAS UTAH Salt lake City VERHÖRT... 6r I.60 I.6I I.52 Burlington I.45 Springfield ^ 1.81 VIRGINIA I Nbrfolk-Portsmouth I Richmond WASHINGTON Seattle Spokane Tacoma west vir g in ia Charleston WISCONSIN Kenosha La Crosse Madison I6 2.I Milwaukee Racine WYOMING I O5 Casper l / Hot available* %J Subarea o f Hsv York-Northeastern Hew Jersey.

59 E x p l a n a t o r y N o t e s I N T R O D U C T I O N The statistics for nonfarm industries presented in this monthly report are part of the broad program of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to provide timely, comprehensive, accurate, and detailed information for the use of businessmen, government officials, legislators, labor unions, research workers, and the general public. The statistics are an integral part of the Federal statistical system, and are considered basic indicators of the state of the Nation's economy* They are widely used in following and interpreting business developments and in making decisions in such fields as labar-management negotiations, marketing, personnel, plant location, and government policy. In addition, Government agencies use the data in this report to compile official indexes of production, labor productivity, and national income* E S T A B L I S H M E N T R E P O R T S : a. Collection The employment statistics program, which is based on establishment payroll reports, provides current data for both full- and part-time workers on payrolls of nonagrlcultural establishments (see glossary for definition, p. 7-E) during a specified period each month* The BLS uses two "shuttle schedules for this program, the BLS Form 790 (for employment, payroll, and manhours data) and the Form 1219 (for labor turnover data). The shuttle schedule, used by BLS for more than 25 years, Is designed to assist firms to report consistently, accurately, and with a minimum of cost* The questionnaire provides space for the establishment to report for each month of the current calendar year; in this way, the employer uses the same schedule for the entire year. Under a cooperative arrangement with the BLS, State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area series and then send the data to the BLS Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics for use in preparing the national series. b. Industrial Classification Establishments are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. This information is collected each year* For manufacturing establishments, a product supplement to the monthly 790 report is used. The supplement provides for reporting the percentage of total sales represented by each product* Information for nonmanufacturing establishments is collected on the 790 form itself. In the case of an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the unit is included under the industry indicated by the most important product or activity* The titles and descriptions of industries presented In the Standard Indtmtrial Clasalflcal Manual. (U. S. Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D. C.) are used for classifying reports from manufacturing and government establishments} the 1QA2 Tndn«.t^«- r.i Code. (U* S* Social Security Board) for reports from all other establishments* c. Coverage Monthly reports on employment and, for most industries, payroll and man-hours are obtained from approximately 155,000 establishments* (See table below.) The table also shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment and payrolls sample 1/ Division or industry Number of es tablish ments in samnle Number in sample Employees Percent of total 3, ,000 U5 Contract construction.. 20, ,000 2U ho,hoo 10,960,000 «Transportation and public utilities: Interstate railroads. (ICC)... 1,128, Other transportation and public utilities. Ill, 600 1,581, Wholesale and retail 58,300 1,928, Finance, insurance, and 12, , Service and miscellaneous: Hotels and lodging places... 1,200 3 M, Personal services: Laundries and cleaning and dyeing 2,300 9U, Government: Federal (Civil Service Commission)... 2,162, State and local... hjhoo 2,033,000 Ul / Some firms do not report payroll and mem-hour information. Therefore, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates.

60 Labor turnover reports are received from approximately 10,000 cooperating establishments in the manufacturing, mining, and communication industries (see table below). The definition of manufacturing used in the turnover series is not as extensive as in the BLS series on employment and hours and earnir^s because of the exclusion of the following major industries from the labor turnover sample : printing, publishing, and allied industries (since April 1943)5 canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and sea foods; womenfs and misses' outerwear; and fertilizer. Group and industry Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor turnover sample Number of ÄQ+oVkl C9 uauxxoir1 4 qh«employees ments in Number in Percent sample sample of total Manufacturing ,200 S,99U, Durable goods... 6, I*00 U,199,000 U3 Nondurable goods... 3,800 1,795, ifetal mining , Coal mining: Anthracite , Bituminous , C ommunication: Telephone , Telegraph... 28, l/ Does not apply. D E F I N I T I O N S A N D E S T I M A T I N G M E T H O D S : A. EMFLODffiNT Definition Employment data for all except Federal Government establishments refer to persons who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. For Federal Government establishments current data generally refer to persons who worked on, or received pay for, the last day of the month. Persons on an establishment payroll who are on paid sick leave, paid holiday, or paid vacation, or who work during a part of the specified pay period and are unemployed or on strike during the other part of the period are counted as employed. Persons are not considered employed who are laid off or are on leave without pay, who are on strike for the entire period, or who are hired but do not report to work during the period. Proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households are also excluded. Government employment covers only civilian employees; Federal military personnel are shown separately, but their number is excluded from total nonagricultural employment. With respect to employment in educational institutions (private and governmental), BLS considers regular full-time teachers to be employed during the summer vacation period whether or not they are specifically paid in those months. Benchmark Data Employment estimates are periodically compared with complete counts of employment in the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments made as indicated by the total counts or benchmarks. The comparison made for the first 3 months of 1955 resulted in changes amounting to 0.8 percent of all nonagricultural employment. Among the eight major industry divisions changes ranged from 0.2 to 2.3 percent, with the exception of contract construction which required an adjustment of 6.2 percent. As a result, the estimating techniques for contract construction were reviewed in detail and certain refinements have been introduced. Manufacturing industries as a whole were changed by 0.2 percent, a slightly smaller amount than necessary in 195U. vithin manufacturing, 1*3 of the 132 individual industries required no adjustment because the estimate and benchmark differed by less than 1.0 percent or less than 500 and 78 were adjusted by 1.0-U.9 percent. One significant cause of differences between the benchmark and estimate is the change in industrial classification of individual firms, which cannot be reflected in BLS estimates until they are adjusted to new benchmarks. Other causes are sampling and response errors. The basic sources of benchmark information are the quarterly tabulations of employment data, by industry, compiled by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. Supplementary tabulations prepared by the U. S. Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance are used for the group of establishments exempt from State unemployment insurance laws because of their small size. Benchmarks for industries wholly or partly excluded from the unemployment insurance laws are derived from a variety of other sources. The BLS estimates which are prepared for the benchmark quarter are compared with the new benchmark levels, industry by industry. Where revisions are necessary, the monthly estimates are adjusted between the new benchmark and the preceding one. Following revision for these intermediate periods, the industry data from the most recent benchmark are projected to the current month by use of the sample trends. Under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the level of employment while the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level. Estimating Ifethod The estimating procedure for industries for which data on both "all employees" and "production and related workers" are published (manufacturing and selected mining industries) is outlined below; the first step under this method is also used for industries for which only figures on "all employees" are published. The first step is to compute total employment (all employees) in the industry for the month following the benchmark period. The all-employee total for the last benchmark month (e.g., Iferch) is multiplied by the percent change of total employment over the month for the group of establishments reporting for both March and April. Thus, if firms in the BLS sample for an industry report 30,000 employees in Mirch and 31,200 in April, April employment is 104 percent (31,200 divided by 30,000) of March employment. If the allemployee benchmark in March is 40,000, the all-employee total in April would be 104 percent of 40,000 or 41,600. The second step is to compute the productionworker total for the industry. The all-employee total for the month is multiplied by the ratio of production 2-E

61 workers to all employees. This ratio is computed from establishment reports in the monthly sample. Thus, if these firms in April report 24,960 production workers and a total of 31*200 employees, the ratio of production workers to all employees would be.80 (24,960 divided by 31,200). The production-corker total in April would be 33,280 (41,600 multiplied by.so). Figures for subsequent months are computed by carrying forward the totals for the previous month according to the method described above. The number of women employees in manufacturing, published quarterly, is computed by multiplying the all-employee estimate for the industry by the ratio of women to all employees as reported in the industry sample. Employment Adjusted for Seasonal Variation Employment series for many industries reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be measured on the basis of past experience. By eliminating that part of the change in employment which can be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to clarify the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. Adjusted employment aggregates are shown and also indexes ( = 100) derived from these aggregates. The indexes have the additional advantage of comparing the current seasonally adjusted employment level with average employment in the base period. Comparability with Other Employment Estimates Employment data published by other government and private agencies may differ from BLS employment statistics because of differences in definition, sources of information, methods of collection, classification, and estimation. BLS monthly figures are not directly comparable, for example, with the estimates of the Census Monthly Report on the Labor Force (MILF). Census data are obtained by personal interviews with individual members of a small sample of households and are designed to provide information on the work status of the whole population, classified by their demographic characteristics. The BLS, on the other hand, obtains data by mail questionnaire v/hich are based on the payroll records of business units, and prepares detailed statistics on the industrial and geographic distribution of employment and on hours of work and earnings. Since BLS employment figures are derived from establishment payroll records, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period will be counted more than once in the BLS series. By definition, proprietors, self-employed persons, domestic servants, and unpaid family workers are excluded from the BLS but not the MRLF series. Employment estimates compiled by the Bureau of the Cen3U3 from its censuses and/or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments also differ from BLS employment statistics. Among the important reasons for lack of comparability are differences in industries covered, in the business units considered parts of an establishment, and in the industrial classification of establishments. Similar differences exist between the BLS data and those in County Business Patterns published jointly by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. B. LABOR TURNOVER Definition 11Labor turnover," as used in the BLS program, refers to the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employment status with respect to individual firms during a calendar month. This movement is subdivided into two broad types: accessions (new hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. All employees, including executive, office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers are covered by both the turnover movements and the employment base used in computing labor turnover rates. All groups of employees full- and part-time, permanent, and temporary are included. Transfers from one establishment to another within a company are not considered to be turnover items. hfethod of Computation To compute turnover rates for individual industries, the total number of each type of action (accessions, quits, etc.) reported for a calendar month by the sample establishments in each industry is first divided by the total number of employees reported by these establishments, who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of that month. The result is multiplied by 100 to obtain the turnover rate. For example, in an industry sample, the total number of employees who worked during, or received pay for, the week of January was reported as 25,498. During the period January 1-31 a total of 284 employees in all reporting firms quit. The quit rate for the industry is: 284 x 100 = ,498 To compute turnover rates for broader industrial categories, the rates for the component Industries are weighted by the estimated employment. Separate turnover rates for men and women are published quarterly for 1 month in each quarter. Only accessions, quits, and total separations are published. These rates are computed in the same manner as the all-employee rates; for example, the quit rate for women is obtained from an industry sample by dividing the number of women who quit during the month by the number of women employees reported. Average monthly turnover rates for the year for all employees are computed by dividing the sum of the monthly rates by 12. Comparability with Earlier Data Labor turnover rates are available on a comparable basis from January 1930 for manufacturing as a whole and from 1943 for two coal mining and two communication industries. Rates for many individual industries and industry groups for the period prior to January 1950 are not comparable with those for the subsequent period because of a revision which involved (l) the adoption of the Standard Industrial Classification (1945) code structure for manufacturing industries, and (2) the introduction of weighting 3 -E

62 in the computation of industry-group rates. Comparability with Employment Series Msnth-to-rnonth changes in total employment in manufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar-month; the employment reports, for the most part, refer to a 1-week pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. (2) The turnover sample excludes certain industries (see under coverage, p. 2-E). (3) Plants on strike are not included in the turnover computations beginning with the month the strike starts through the month the workers return; the influence of such stoppages is reflected, however, in the employment figures. C. HOURS AND EARNINGS Definitions of production workers, nonsupervisory employees, payrolls, and man-hours from which hours and earnings data are derived are included in the glossary, page 7-E. Methods used to compute hours and earnings averages are described in summary of methods for computing national statistics, page 6-E. Gross Average Hourly and Weekly Earnings Average hourly earnings for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are on a "gross basis, i.e., they reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates, but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work, and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive basis. Employment shifts between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers* earnings in individual establishments also affect the general earnings averages* Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ fi*om wage rates. Earnings refer to the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates are the amounts stipulated for a given unit of work or time. However, the average earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer, since the following are excluded: irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under the productionworker or nonsupervisory-employee definitions. Gross average weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly earnings, but also by changes in the length of the workweek, parttime work, stoppages for varying causes, labor turnover, and absenteeism. Average Weekly Hours The workweek information relates to average hours worked or paid for, and is somewhat different from standard or scheduled hours. Normally, such factors as absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishments. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Average Overtime Hours The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which were in excess of regular hours and for which premium payments were made. If an employee works on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, the gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from month to month; for example, premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends on the industrygroup level may also be caused by a marked change in gross hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. In addition, such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours. Gross Average Weekly Earnings In Current and CftUtara These series indicate changes in the level of weekly earnings before and after adjustment for changes in purchasing power as determined from the BLS Consumer Price Index. Net Spendable Average Weekly Earnings Net spendable average weekly earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting Federal social security and income taxes from gross weekly earnings. The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker, as well as on the level of his gross income. To reflect these variables, net spendable earnings have been computed for two types of income receivers: (1 ) a worker with no dependents; and (2) a worker with three dependents. The computations of net spendable earnings for both the factory worker with no dependents and the factory worker with three dependents are based upon the gross average weekly earnings for all production workers in manufacturing industries without regard to marital status, family conqposition, and total family income. Net spendable weekly earnings in dollars represent an approximate measure of changes in "real" net spendable weekly earnings. "Real" earnings are computed by dividing the current Consumer Price Index into the spendable earnings average for the current month. The resulting level of spendable earnings expressed in dollars is thus adjusted for changes in purchasing power since that base period. 4 E

63 Average Hourly Earnings. Excludliy ny^rt.lma. of Production Workers to Mumfacturlng Industries These data are based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings (as described in the Monthly Labor Review. May 1950, pp ; reprint available, Serial No. R. 2020)* This method eliminates only the earnings due to overtime paid for at one and one-half times the straight-time rates after 40 hours a week* Thus, no adjustment is made for other premium-payxnent provisions for example, holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time and one-half«indexes of Aggregate Weekly fen-houra The indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the period. These aggregates represent the product of average weekly hours and employment. The aggregate man-hours are defined as total manhours for which pay was received by full- and parttime production or construction workers, including hours paid for holidays, sick leave, and vacations taken. The man-hours are for 1 week of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month, and may not be typical of the entire month. Railroad Hours and Earnings The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based upon monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who received pay during the month, except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC Group I). Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hour3 paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by Average hourly earnings. Because hours and earnings data for manufacturing and other nonmanufacturing industries are based upon reports to the BLS which generally represent 1 weekly pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month, the data for railroad employees are not strictly comparable with other industry information shown in this publication. S T A T I S T I C S F O R S T A T E S A N D A R E A S State and area employment, hours, and earnings statistics are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with the BLS. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by the BLS for preparing national estimates. State employment series are adjusted to benchmark data from State unemployment insurance agencies and the Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance. Because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and use slightly varying methods of computation, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly from the official U. S. totals prepared by the BLS. Additional industry detail may be obtainable from the cooperating State agencies listed on the inside back cover of this report. NOTE: Additional information concerning the preparation of the employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover series concepts and scope, survey methods, and reliability and limitations-- is contained in technical notes for each of these series, available from BLS free of charge. For all of this information as well as similar material for other BLS statistics, see Techniques of Preparing Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168, December 195U. Copies are on file in many public and university libraries, or may be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. at 65 cents each.

64 S U M M A R Y O F M E T H O D S F O R C O M P U T I N G N A T I O N A L S T A T I S T I C S E M P L O Y M E N T, H O U R S, A N D E A R N I N G S Item Individual manufacturing and nonmanufacturin^ industries Total nonagricultural divisions, major groups, and groups M O N T H L Y D A T A All emolovees All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month for sample establishments which reported for both months. Sum of all-employee estimates for component industries. Production workers All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by ratio of production workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month. Sum of production-worker estimates for component industries. Average weekly hours Total production or nonsupervisory man-hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers. Average, weighted by employment, of the average weekly hours for component industries. Average hourly earnings Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker man-hours. Average, weighted by aggregate manhours, of the average hourly earnings for component industries. Average weekly earnings Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. A N N U A L A V E R A G E D A T A All emolovees and nroduction workers Sum of monthly estimates divided by IP- Sum of monthly estimates divided by IP- Average weekly hours Annual total of aggregate manhours (employment multiplied by average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Average, weighted by employment, of the annual averages of weekly hours for component industries. Average hourly earnings Annual total of aggregate payrolls (weekly earnings multiplied by employment) divided by annual aggregate man-hours. Average, weighted by aggregate manhours, of the annual averages of hourly earnings for component industries. Average weekly earnings Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings.

65 G L O S S A R Y ALL EMPLOYEES - The total number of persons on establishment payrolls who worked full- or part-time or received pay for any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month* Includes salaried officers of corporations as well as employees on the establishment payroll engaged in new construction and major additions or alterations to the plant who are utilized as a separate work force (forceaccount construction workers). Proprietors, selfemployed persons, domestic servants, unpaid family workers, and members of the Armed Forces are excluded* CONSTRUCTION WORKERS - Includes working foreman, journeyman, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, and similar workers engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, and other actual construction work, at the 'site of construction or working in shop or yard at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades; includes all such workers regardless of skill, engaged in any way in contract construction activities CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION - Covers only firms engaged in the construction business on a contract basis for others* Force-account construction workers, i.e., hired directly by and on the payroll of Federal, State, and local government, public utilities, and private establishments, are excluded from contract construction and included in the employment for such establishments * DURABLE GOODS - The durable-goods subdivision includes the following major manufacturing industry groups: ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood products; furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and glass products; primary metal industries; fabricated metal products; machinery; electrical machinery; transportation equipment; instruments and related products; and miscellaneous manufacturing industries as defined. This definition is consistent with that used by other Federal agencies, e.g., Federal Reserve Board. ESTABLISHMENT - "A single physical location where business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed; for example, a factory, mill, store, mine, or farm. Where a single physical location comprises two or more units which maintain separate payroll and inventory records and which are engaged in distinct or separate activities for which different industry classifications are provided in the Standard Industrial Classification, each unit shall be treated as a separate establishment* An establishment is not necessarily identical with the business concern or firm which may consist of one or more establishments. It is also to be distinguished from organizational subunits, departments, or divisions within an establishment.n (Standard Industrial Classification Manual, U. S. Bureau of the Budget, Vol* I, Part I, p* 1, November 1945.) FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE - Covers private establishments operating in the fields of finance (banks, security dealers, loan agencies, holding companies, and other finance agencies); insurance (insurance carriers and independent agents and brokers); and real estate (real estate owners, including speculative builders, subdividers, and developers; and agents and brokers). GOVERNMENT - Covers Federal, State, and local government establishments performing legislative, executive, and judicial functions, including Government corporations, Government force-account construction, and such units as arsenals, navy yards, and hospitals. Federal government employment excludes employees of the Central Intelligence Agency* State and local government employment includes teachers, but excludes, as nominal employees, paid volunteer firemen and elected officials of small local units. LABOR TURNOVER: Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar month and are classified according to cause: quits, discharges, layoffs, and miscellaneous separations (including military), as defined below. Quits are terminations of employment during the calendar month initiated by employees for such reasons as: acceptance of a job in another company, dissatisfaction, return to school, marriage, maternity, ill health, or voluntary retirement where no company pension is provided. Failure to report after being hired and unauthorized absences of more than 7 consecutive calendar days are also classified as quits. Prior to 1940, miscellaneous separations were also included in this category. Discharges are terminations of employment during the calendar month inititated by the employer for such reasons as employees* incompetence, violation of rules, dishonesty, insubordination, laziness, habitual absenteeism, or inability to meet physical standards* layoffs are terminations of employment during the calendar month lasting or expected to last more than 7 consecutive calendar days -without pay, initiated by the employer without prejudice to the worker, for such reasons as lack of orders or materials, release of temporary help, conversion of plant, introduction of labor-saving machinery or processes, or suspensions of operations without pay during inventory periods. Miscellaneous separations (including military) are terminations of employment during the calendar month because of permanent disability, death, retirement on company pension, and entrance into the Armed Forces expected to last more than 30 consecutive calendar days. Prior to 19k0, miscellaneous separations were included with quits. Beginning September 1940, military separations were included here. Persons on leave of absence (paid or unpaid) with the approval of the employer are not counted as separations until such time as it is definitely determined that such persons will not return to work. At that time, a separation is reported as one of the above types, depending on the circumstances. Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary additions to the employment roll during the calendar month, including both new and rehired employees. Persons returning to work after a layoff, military separations, or other absences who have been counted as separations are considered accessions. 7 -E

66 MAN-HOURS - Covers man-hours worked or paid for of specified groups of workers, during the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. The specified group of workers in manufacturing and mining industries, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants is production and related workers; in the contract construction industry, it is construction workers; and in the other industries, it is nonsupervisory employees. The man-hours include hours paid for holidays, sick leave, and vacations taken; if the employee elects to work during a vacation period, the vacation pay and the hours it represents are omitted. I'ANUFACTURING - Covers private establishments engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of inorganic or organic substances into new products and usually described as plants, factories, or mills, which characteristically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. Establishments engaged in assembling component parts of manufactured products are also considered manufacturing if the new product is neither a structure nor other fixed improvement. Government manufacturing operations such as arsenals and navy yards are excluded from manufacturing and are included under Government. MINING - Covers establishments engaged in the extraction from the earth of Organic and inorganic minerals which occur in nature as solids, liquids, or gases; includes various contract services required in mining operations, such as removal of overburden, tunneling and shafting, and the drilling or acidizing of oil wells; also includes ore dressing, bénéficia ting, and concentration. NONDURABLE GOODS - The nondurable-goods subdivision includes the following major manufacturing industry groups : food and kindred products; tobacco manufactures; textile-mill products; apparel and other finished textile products; paper and allied products; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chemicals and allied products; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products; and leather and leather products. This definition is consistent v/ith that used by other Federal agencies, e.g., Federal Reserve Board. NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES - Includes employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairmen, salespersons, operators, drivers, attendants, service employees, linemen, laborers, janitors, watchmen, and similar occupational levels, and other employees whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. OVERTIME HOURS - Covers premium overtime hours of production and related workers during the pay period ending nearest the l th of the month. Overtime hours are those for which premiums were paid because the hours WBre in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or workweek. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if premium wage rates were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. PAYROLL - The weekly payroll for the specified groups of full- and part-time employees who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the l th of the month. The specified group of employees in the manufacturing and mining industries, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants is production and related workers; in the contract construction industry, it is construction workers; and in the other industries, it is nonsupervisory employees and working supervisors. The payroll is reported before deductions for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, and union dues; also includes pay for sick leave, holidays, and vacations taken. Excludes cash payments for vacations not taken, retroactive pay not earned during period reported, value of payments in kind, and bonuses, unless earned and paid regularly each pay period. PRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKERS - Includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including lead men and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services, products development, auxiliary production for plant s own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above production operations. REGIONS: North - Includes all States except the 17 listed as South. South - Includes the following 17 States: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. (In the case of sawmills and planning mills, general, a third region is identified - the West - and includes California, Oregon, and Washington.) SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS - Covers establishments primarily engaged in rendering services to individuals and business firms, including automotive repair services. Excludes domestic service workers. Nongovernment schools, hospitals, museums, etc., are included under service and miscellaneous; similar Government establishments are included under Government. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITES - Covers only private establishments engaged in providing all types of transportation and related services; telephone, telegraph, and other connunication services ornproviding electricity, gas, steam, water, or sanitary service. Similar Government establishments are included under Government. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRACE - Covers establishments engaged in wholesale trade, i.e., selling merchandise to retailers, and in retail trade, i.e., selling merchandise for personal or household consumption, and rendering service incidental to the sales of goods. Similar Government establishments are included under Government.