1c. What has been happening to the gap between MDCs and LDCs in terms of GDP?

Transcription

1 Development: Key Issue 1 Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? Rubenstein, pp What four specific factors does the UN consider when determining a country s level of development, its HDI (Human Development Index)? ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT 1a. What is gross domestic product (GDP)? 1b. What is the annual per capita GDP in an MDC? in an LDC? 1c. What has been happening to the gap between MDCs and LDCs in terms of GDP? 2. Explain this statement: Per capita GDP measure average (mean) wealth, not its distribution. TYPES OF JOBS 3a. What types of jobs comprise the primary sector of an economy? secondary sector? tertiary sector? 3b. How is the % of workers in the primary sector different in LDCs and MDCs? 1

2 3c. Within MDCs, what is the trend (increasing or decreasing) for each of the sectors? Primary Secondary Tertiary PRODUCTVITY 4. Define each of the following related terms: productivity value added CONSUMER GOODS 6a. What three consumer goods are considered to be particularly good indicators of development? 6b. The people in LDCs who do have access to consumer goods are usually concentrated in what regions? 6c. What is the ratio of people to these types of goods in a typical MDC? in a typical LDC? SOCIAL INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION AND LITERACY 7a. Student-Teacher Ratio: What is the student teacher ratio for an MDC? LDC? 7b. What is the literacy rate in MDCs? in LDCs? 2

3 HEALTH AND WELFARE 8. People are in MDC s than in LDCs. 9. How does diet play a role in the health and welfare of those living in MDCs and LDCs? DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT 9. Indicate the statistic for each of the following demographic characteristics. Life Expectancy Infant Mortality Rate Natural Increase Rate Crude Birth Rate MDC LDC 3

4 Economic Development: Key Issue 2 Where Are More and Less Developed Countries Located? Rubenstein, pp As you read the text, identify the average HDI (Human Development Index) for each region in the left column and make any necessary commentary regarding the level of development in the region in the right column. North America Europe Russia Japan Oceana Latin America 4

5 East Asia Southwest Asia North Africa Southeast Asia Central Asia South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa 5

6 Economic Development: Key Issue 3 Where Does Level of Development Vary by Gender? Rubenstein, pp GENDER-RELATED DEVELOPMENT INDEX 1. The GDI considers what four specific areas as it compares the situation of women to that of men in various countries? 2a. Where are the highest GDIs? (specific countries) 2b. Where are GDIs the lowest? (specific countries) GENDER EMPOWERMENT 3. What does the GEM (Gender Empowerment Measure) measure? 4. What two things are measured in order to calculate the GEM? a) b) 5. What types of barriers restrict women from obtaining professional and technical jobs? (Map page 293) 6. What is the average income gap between men and women in MDCs vs LDCs? (map page 291) 7. Read the following statements regarding literacy and mark them as true or false. If false, repair the statement to make it true. (Map page 292) a. In MDCs literacy is universal among both women and men. b. In Latin America and Asia, literacy is universal among men, but rates are low for women. c. In sub-saharan Africa and the Middle East, female literacy is low, but it is slightly higher than that of men. 8. In what sense is the gender gap actually greater in MDCs than in LDCs? (page 293) 6

7 9. List 5 countries in which women comprise a 30% or above in parliament or congress. (page 295) 10a. In what region do women comprise a larger part of national government than anywhere else in the world? 10b. What percentage of legislators there are women? 11. What is that percentage in the United States? 7

8 Problems & Criticisms Elements Economic Development: Key Issue 4 Why Do Less Developed Countries Face Obstacles to Development? Rubenstein, pp Complete the table below with notes from the text on two different models of development. APPROACHES TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Self-Sufficiency Model International Trade Approach (Rostow s Development Model) 8

9 Case Studies Four Asian Dragons Arabian Peninsula States 2. Which of the two models for development has shown the most success? 3. Mark each of the following statements, regarding the WTO, as true or false. If false, make them true. (a) The WTO was formed by countries which conduct the majority of international trade. (b) The WTO seeks to increase import quotas and reduce import and export tariffs. (c) Though it can hear accusations, the WTO cannot order remedies. (d) The WTO seeks to eliminate restrictions on the flow of money between countries. 3b. Why have each of the following groups been critical of the WTO? i. Liberals: ii. Conservatives: 9

10 *FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 1. The flow of money in transnational corporations is not balanced. This is true in TWO ways. Explain. 2. Who is making the primary investments in South America? in Asia? (MAP 299) Transnational Corporations 3. What is a transnational corporation? 4. Of the 500 largest TNCs in 2008, had headquarters in and in._ FINANCING DEVELOPMENT 5. What are the two principal ways in which LDCs obtain money to finance development? a. b. Loans 6. Identify the two main sources, both controlled by MDCs, of loans for LDCs. a. b. 7. What is the THEORY behind using loans for infrastructure projects in LDCs? 8. In PRACTICE, what has usually happened when loans have been used for these infrastructure projects? 9. What are structural adjustment programs? 10. Why do LDCs enact structural adjustment programs, even though they may be unpopular with the citizens of their countries? 10

11 Draw the Brandt Line on the map. Use figure The Brandt Line is an imaginary line that divides the developed north from the less developed south. Color the developed countries brown, and the less developed countries a different color. 11