Chapter 2 The Accounting Information System

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1 Financial Accounting Making the Connection 1st Edition by Spiceland Chapter 2 The Accounting Information System REVIEW QUESTIONS Question 2-1 External transactions are transactions between the company and a separate economic entity. Internal transactions do not include an exchange with a separate economic entity. Purchasing supplies from a local vendor is classified as an external transaction. Question Use source documents to identify accounts affected by external transactions. 2. Analyze the impact of the transaction on the accounting equation. 3. Assess whether the transaction results in a debit or a credit to the account balance. 4. Record the transaction. 5. Post the transaction to the T-accounts in the general ledger. 6. Prepare a trial balance. Question 2-3 Dual effect refers to each transaction having at least two effects on the accounting equation. If an economic event increases (decreases) one side of the equation, then it also increases (decreases) the

2 other side of the equation by the same amount. Question 2-4 Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders equity (a) Increase = Increase + No change (b) Decrease = No change + Decrease (c) Increase = No change + Increase (d) No change* = No change + No change * One asset (equipment) increases while another asset (cash) decreases. Question 2-5 Jerry is not correct. While it is possible for a transaction to increase one account and decrease another, dual effect simply indicates that at least two accounts will always be affected. However, the accounting equation must always remain in balance. It is not possible for one side of the equation to increase while the other side decreases. answers to Review Questions (continued) Question 2-6 Accounts Assets Liabilities Stockholders equity Revenues Expenses Normal balance Debit Credit Credit Credit Debit Question 2-7 Jenny is not correct. Any account can be debited or credited. Since an asset has a normal debit balance, it would be debited when it increases and credited when it decreases. Similarly, since a liability has a normal credit balance, it would be credited when it increases and debited when it decreases.

3 Question 2-8 Accounts (a) Cash (b) Salaries payable (c) Utilities expense (d) Service revenue Increase Debit Credit Debit Credit Question 2-9 Accounts (a) Cash (b) Salaries payable (c) Utilities expense (d) Service revenue Decrease* Credit Debit Credit Debit * Answers are opposite of those in Question 2-8

4 answers to Review Questions (continued) Question 2-10 These statements are consistent. Retained earnings has three components revenues, expenses, and dividends. Changing the balance of any of these components changes the balance of retained earnings. Since expenses are negative components of retained earnings, an increase to an expense decreases retained earnings. Question 2-11 A journal provides a chronological record of all transactions affecting a firm. A journal entry is used to describe the format for recording a transaction. Question 2-12 Date Debit Credit Account Name Account Name (Description of transaction) Amount Amount Question 2-13 In each journal entry, the sum of all amounts debited equals the sum of all amounts credited. Question 2-14 (a) Debit Credit Cash 1,200 Service Revenue 1,200 (Receive cash from providing services) (b) Debit Credit Rent Expense 500 Cash 500 (Pay rent for the current month) (c) Debit Credit Building 10,000 Notes Payable 10,000 (Purchase building with note payable)

5 answers to Review Questions (continued) Question 2-15 (a) Purchase supplies by paying cash of $20,000. (b) Provide services to customer on account for $30,000. (c) Pay cash on accounts payable of $10,000. Question 2-16 A T-account is an informal means to show the balance in an account. The left side is referred to as a debit and the right side is referred to as a credit. Question 2-17 Posting is the process of transferring the debit and credit information from the journal to individual accounts in the general ledger. (a) Supplies Cash 20,000 20,000 (b) Accounts Receivable Service Revenue 30,000 30,000 (c) Accounts Payable Cash 10,000 10,000 Question 2-18 The general ledger is the collection of all accounts used to record the company s transactions. A chart of accounts is a listing of all account names. Question 2-19 A trial balance is a list of all accounts and their balances at a particular date. Balance refers to the fact that the sum of the accounts with debit balances should equal the sum of the accounts with credit balances. Question 2-20 Not necessarily. While total debits equaling total credits is a good indication that all accounts have been appropriately accounted for, the accounts could contain offsetting errors. For example, if one account with a debit (credit) balance is understated by the same amount that another account with a debit (credit) balance is overstated, the trial balance will show equal debit and credit totals.

6 BRIEF EXERCISES Brief Exercise 2-1 Proper order: (c) Use source documents to identify accounts affected by external transactions. (d) Analyze the impact of the transaction on the accounting equation. (b) Assess whether the impact of the transaction results in a debit or credit to the account balance. (f) Record transactions using debits and credits. (a) Post the transaction to the T-account in the general ledger. (e) Prepare a trial balance. Brief Exercise 2-2 Possible Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders Equity (Yes/No) (a) Increase = Decrease + No change No (Cash ) (Accounts Payable ) (b) No change = Increase + Increase No (Salaries Payable ) (Service Revenues ) (c) Decrease = No Change + Decrease Yes (Cash ) (Advertising Expense ) Brief Exercise 2-3 Total Liabilities and Total Assets Stockholders Equity Cash $ 6,200 Accounts Payable $ 1,200 Supplies 1,600 Wages Payable 3,300 Prepaid Rent 2,200 Bank Loan Payable 13,000 Land 8,000 Stockholders Equity 12,500 Equipment 12,000 $ 30,000 $ 30,000

7 Brief Exercise 2-4 Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders Equity (a) +$40,000 = $0 + +$40,000 (b) +$32,000 $32,000 = $0 + $0 (c) +$25,000 = +$25,000 + $0 (d) $4,000 = $0 + $4,000 Brief Exercise 2-5 Account Debit Credit Asset + Liability + Common Stock + Retained Earnings + Dividend + Revenue + Expense +

8 Brief Exercise 2-6 (a) The balance of an asset account increases with a debit and decreases with a credit. (b) The balance of a liability account increases with a credit and decreases with a debit. (c) The balance of a stockholders equity account increases with a credit and decreases with a debit. (d) The balance of a revenue account increases with a credit and decreases with a debit. (e) The balance of an expense account increases with a debit and decreases with a credit. Brief Exercise 2-7 (a) DebitCredit Equipment 14,000 Notes Payable 14,000 (Purchase equipment with note payable) (b) Supplies 500 Cash 500 (Purchase office supplies for cash) (c) Rent Expense 700 Cash 700 (Pay rent for the current month)

9 Brief Exercise 2-8 (a) Debit Credit Cash 12,000 Service Revenue 12,000 (Provide services for cash) (b) Prepaid Insurance 3,600 Cash 3,600 (Purchase prepaid insurance with cash) (c) Equipment 15,000 Cash 15,000 (Purchase equipment with cash) (d) Cash 20,000 Notes Payable 20,000 (Obtain bank loan) Brief Exercise Cash 12,000 7,200 3,400 1,400 2,500 4,500 4, Postings on the left side (or debit side) of the cash T-account represent increases to cash, such as receiving cash from customers, selling assets, borrowing money, and issuing stock. 3. Postings on the right side (or credit side) of the cash T-account represent decreases to cash, such as paying cash for rent, supplies, equipment, workers salaries, utilities, repayment of debt, and dividends.

10 Brief Exercise 2-10 Stockholders Assets = Liabilities + Equity (a) +$25,000 = $0 + +$25,000 (b) +$15,000 = +$15,000 + $0 (c) $6,000 = $0 + $6,000 (a) Debit Credit Cash 25,000 Service Revenue 25,000 (Provide services for cash) (b) Supplies 15,000 Accounts Payable 15,000 (Purchase office supplies on account) (c) Salaries Expense 6,000 Cash 6,000 (Pay salaries for the current month) Cash Service Revenue 0 0 (a) 25,000 25,000 (a) 6,000 (c) 19,000 25,000 Supplies Accounts Payable Salaries Expense (b) 15,000 15,000 (b) (c) 6,000 15,000 15,000 6,000

11 Brief Exercise 2-11 Trial Balance Accounts Debit Credit Cash $ 5,600 Accounts Receivable 3,400 Prepaid Rent 800 Accounts Payable $ 1,500 Salaries Payable 600 Common Stock 5,200 Retained Earnings 1,300 Dividends 400 Service Revenue 6,100 Salaries Expense 2,000 Rent Expense 1,500 Advertising Expense 1,000 Totals $ 14,700 $ 14,700 Brief Exercise 2-12 Trial Balance Accounts Debit Credit Cash $ 6,300 Accounts receivable 1,600 Office equipment 9,400 Accounts payable $ 2,900 Unearned revenue 1,200 Common stock 10,000 Retained earnings 3,200 Dividends 700 Service revenue 3,500 Salaries expense 2,200 Utilities expense 600 Totals $ 20,800 $ 20,800

12 EXERCISES Exercise d. 2. b. 3. a. 4. e. 5. c. Exercise 2-2 Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders Equity 1. Increase = No effect + Increase 2. Increase = Increase + No effect 3. Increase = No effect + Increase 4. Decrease = No effect + Decrease 5. Decrease = No effect + Decrease 6. No effect* = No effect + No effect * One asset (cash) increases while another asset (accounts receivable) decreases.

13 Exercise 2-3 Dual Effect 1. Issue 10,000 shares of common stock Assets Stockholders in exchange for $32,000 in cash. increase equity increases 2. Purchase land for $19,000. A note Assets Liabilities payable is signed for the full amount. increase increase 3. Purchase storage containers for One asset (containers) increases $8,000. and another asset (cash) decreases 4. Hire three employees for $2,000 per No effect on the accounting month. equation 5. Receive cash of $12,000 in rental fees Assets Stockholders for the current month. increase equity increases 6. Purchase office supplies for $2,000 Assets Liabilities on account. increase increase 7. Pay employees $6,000 for the first Assets Stockholders month s salaries. decrease equity decreases

14 Exercise 2-4 Dual Effect 1. Paint houses in the current month for Assets Stockholders $15,000 on account. increase equity increases 2. Purchase painting equipment for One asset (equipment) increases $16,000 cash. and another asset (cash) decreases 3. Purchase office supplies on account Assets Liabilities for $2,500. increase increase 4. Pay workers salaries of $3,200 for Assets Stockholders the current month. decrease equity decreases 5. Purchase advertising to appear in the Assets Stockholders current month, $1,200. decrease equity decreases 6. Pay office rent of $4,400 for the Assets Stockholders current month. decrease equity decreases 7. Receive $10,000 from customers One asset (cash) increases and another in (1) above. asset (accounts receivable) decreases 8. Receive cash of $5,000 in advance from a customer that plans to have his house painted in the following month. Assets increase Liabilities increase

15 Exercise 2-5 Transaction Balance Retained earnings, April 1 $12, Issue common stock for cash, $10, Provide services to customers on account, $7, , Provide services to customers in exchange for cash, $2, , Purchase equipment and pay cash, $6, Pay rent for April, $1,200. 1, Pay workers salaries for April, $2,500. 2, Pay dividends to stockholders, $1,500. 1,500 Retained earnings, April 30 $16,500 Exercise 2-6 Debit or Credit Account 1. Debit Cash 2. Credit Service Revenue 3. Debit Salaries Expense 4. Credit Accounts Payable 5. Debit Equipment 6. Credit Retained Earnings 7. Debit Utilities Expense 8. Debit Accounts Receivable 9. Debit Dividends 10. Credit Common Stock

16 Exercise 2-7 Account Debited Account Credited Example: Purchase equipment in exchange for Equipment Cash cash. 1. Pay a cash dividend. 2. Pay rent in advance for the next three months. 3. Provide services to customers on account. 4. Purchase office supplies on account. 5. Pay salaries for the current month. 6. Issue common stock in exchange for cash. 7. Collect cash from customers for services provided in (3) above. 8. Borrow cash from the bank and signed a note. 9. Pay for the current month s utilities. 10. Pay for office supplies purchased in (4) above. Dividends Prepaid Rent Accounts Receivable Supplies Salaries Expense Cash Cash Cash Utilities Expense Accounts Payable Cash Cash Service Revenue Accounts Payable Cash Common Stock Accounts Receivable Notes Payable Cash Cash

17 Exercise 2-8 (1) Debit Credit Equipment 22,400 Cash 22,400 (Purchase equipment with cash) (2) Cash 5,800 Service Revenue 5,800 (Provide services for cash) (3) Rent Expense 1,100 Cash 1,100 (Pay current month s rent) (4) Supplies 900 Accounts Payable 900 (Purchase office suppliers on account) (5) Salaries Expense 1,600 Cash 1,600 (Pay current month s salaries)

18 Exercise Purchase equipment with cash, $8, Provide services to customers on account, $3, Pay current month s salaries, $1, Receive cash from customers in advance of services, $1, Pay dividends to stockholders, $900.

19 Exercise 2-10 February 2 Debit Credit Advertising Expense 600 Cash 600 (Pay advertising for current month) February 7 Supplies 1,200 Accounts Payable 1,200 (Purchase beauty supplies on account) February 14 Cash 2,400 Service Revenue 2,400 (Provide beauty services for cash) February 15 Salaries Expense 800 Cash 800 (Pay salaries for current month) February 25 Accounts Receivable 900 Service Revenue 900 (Provide beauty services on account) February 28 Utilities Expense 200 Cash 200 (Pay utilities for current month)

20 Exercise 2-11 March 1 Debit Credit Cash 16,000 Common Stock 16,000 (Issue common stock) March 5 Cash 8,000 Notes Payable 8,000 (Obtain bank loan) March 10 Equipment 20,000 Cash 20,000 (Purchase construction equipment for cash) March 15 Advertising Expense 1,000 Cash 1,000 (Purchase advertising for current month) March 22 Accounts Receivable 17,000 Service Revenue 17,000 (Provide construction services on account) March 27 Cash 12,000 Accounts Receivable 12,000 (Receive cash on account) March 28 Salaries Expense 5,000 Cash 5,000 (Pay salaries for current month)

21 Exercise 2-12 Cash Accounts Receivable 2,400 3,200 (3) 9,200 1,200 (4) (1) 7,400 9,200 (3) (6) 1,000 2,700 (5) 8,700 1,400 Supplies Accounts Payable 300 2,500 (2) 1,800 (5) 2,700 1,800 (2) 2,100 1,600 Unearned Revenue Service Revenue ,000 (6) 7,400 (1) 1,200 7,400 Advertising Expense 0 (4) 1,200 1,200

22 Exercise 2-13 Sooner Company Trial Balance April 30 Accounts Debit Credit Cash $ 2,900 Accounts Receivable 5,100 Prepaid Rent 6,400 Land 50,000 Accounts Payable $ 3,300 Unearned Revenue 1,800 Common Stock 30,000 Retained Earnings 20,500 Service Revenue 24,400 Supplies Expense 8,400 Salaries Expense 7,200 Totals $ 80,000 $ 80,000 Exercise 2-14 Fightin Blue Hens Incorporated Trial Balance March 31 Accounts Debit Credit Cash $ 2,500 Accounts receivable 3,200 Supplies 1,200 Prepaid insurance 1,300 Buildings 45,000 Accounts payable $ 1,700 Salaries payable 400 Common stock 25,000 Retained earnings 15,700 Service revenue 18,500 Salaries expense 5,400 Utilities expense 2,700 Totals $ 61,300 $ 61,300

23 Exercise 2-15 Requirement 1 (1) Debit Credit Cash 32,000 Common Stock 32,000 (Issue common stock) (2) Land 19,000 Notes Payable 19,000 (Purchase land with note payable) (3) Equipment 8,000 Cash 8,000 (Purchase storage containers) (4) No entry (5) Cash 12,000 Service Revenue 12,000 (Receive cash for current month s rent) (6) Supplies 2,000 Accounts Payable 2,000 (Purchase office supplies on account) (7) Salaries Expense 6,000 Cash 6,000 (Pay salaries for the current month)

24 Exercise 2-15 (continued) Requirement 2 Cash Common Stock 0 0 (1) 32,000 32,000 (1) 8,000 (3) (5) 12,000 6,000 (7) 30,000 32,000 Land Notes Payable 0 0 (2) 19,000 19,000 (2) 19,000 19,000 Equipment Service Revenue 0 0 (3) 8,000 12,000 (5) 8,000 12,000 Supplies Accounts Payable 0 0 (6) 2,000 2,000 (6) 2,000 2,000 Salaries Expense 0 (7) 6,000 6,000

25 Exercise 2-15 (concluded) Requirement 3 Green Wave Company Trial Balance Accounts Debit Credit Cash $30,000 Supplies 2,000 Land 19,000 Equipment 8,000 Accounts Payable $ 2,000 Notes Payable 19,000 Common Stock 32,000 Service Revenue 12,000 Salaries Expense 6,000 Totals $65,000 $ 65,000

26 Exercise 2-16 Requirement 1 (1) Debit Credit Accounts Receivable 15,000 Service Revenue 15,000 (Provide painting on account) (2) Equipment 16,000 Cash 16,000 (Purchase painting equipment) (3) Supplies 2,500 Accounts Payable 2,500 (Purchase office supplies on account) (4) Salaries Expense 3,200 Cash 3,200 (Pay salaries for the current month) (5) Advertising Expense 1,200 Cash 1,200 (Pay advertising for the current month) (6) Rent Expense 4,400 Cash 4,400 (Pay rent for the current month) (7) Cash 10,000 Accounts Receivable 10,000 (Receive cash on account) (8) Cash 5,000 Unearned Revenue 5,000 (Receive cash in advance for painting)

27 Exercise 2-16 (continued) Requirement 2 Accounts Receivable Service Revenue Beg. 1,200 0 Beg. (1) 15,000 15,000 (1) 10,000 (7) 6,200 15,000 Equipment Cash Beg. 6,400 Beg. 21,100 (2) 16,000 16,000 (2) 3,200 (4) 1,200 (5) 4,400 (6) (7) 10,000 (8) 5,000 22,400 11,300 Supplies Accounts Payable Beg ,100 Beg. (3) 2,500 2,500 (3) 2,900 3,600 Salaries Expense Advertising Expense Beg. 0 Beg. 0 (4) 3,200 (5) 1,200 3,200 1,200 Unearned Rent Expense Revenue Beg. 0 0 Beg. (6) 4,400 5,000 (8) 4,400 5,000 Common Stock Retained Earnings 20,000 Beg. 8,000 Beg. 20,000 8,000

28 Exercise 2-16 (concluded) Requirement 3 Boilermaker House Painting Company Trial Balance Accounts Debit Credit Cash $11,300 Accounts Receivable 6,200 Supplies 2,900 Equipment 22,400 Accounts Payable $ 3,600 Unearned Revenue 5,000 Common Stock 20,000 Retained Earnings 8,000 Service Revenue 15,000 Salaries Expense 3,200 Advertising Expense 1,200 Rent Expense 4,400 Totals $51,600 $ 51,600

29 PROBLEMS: SET A Problem 2-1A Stockholders Transaction Assets = Liabilities + Equity 1. Issue common stock in exchange for cash. 2. Purchase business supplies on account. 3. Pay for legal services for the current month. 4. Provide services to customers on account. 5. Pay employee salaries for the current month. 6. Provide services to customers for cash. 7. Pay for advertising for the current month. 8. Repay loan from the bank. 9. Pay dividends to stockholders. Increase = No effect + Increase Increase = Increase + No effect Decrease = No effect + Decrease Increase = No effect + Increase Decrease = No effect + Decrease Increase = No effect + Increase Decrease = No effect + Decrease Decrease = Decrease + No effect Decrease = No effect + Decrease 10. Receive cash from customers in (4) No effect* = No effect + No effect above. 11. Pay for supplies purchased in (2) above. Decrease = Decrease + No effect *One asset (cash) increases and another asset (accounts receivable) decreases

30 Problem 2-2A Stockholders Transaction Assets = Liabilities + Equity 1. Provide services to customers on account, +$1,600 = $0 + +$1,600 $1, Pay $400 for current month s rent. 3. Hire a new employee, who will be paid $500 at the end of each month. 4. Pay $100 for advertising on a radio station that will be aired in the current period. 5. Purchase office supplies for cash. 6. Receive cash of $1,000 from customers in (1) above. 7. Obtain a loan from the bank for $7, Receive a bill of $200 for utility costs of the current period. 9. Issue common stock for $10,000 cash. 10. Pay $500 to employee in (3) above. Totals $400 $0 $100 +$400 $400 +$1,000 $1,000 = = = $0 $0 $ $400 $0 $100 = $0 + $0 = $0 + $0 +$7,000 = +$7,000 + $0 $0 = +$200 + $200 +$10,000 = $0 + +$10,000 $500 = $0 + $500 $17,600 = $7,200 + $10,400

31 Problem 2-3A Normal Balance Accounts Type of Account (Debit or Credit) 1.Salaries Payable Liability Credit 2. Common Stock Stockholders equity Credit 3.Prepaid Rent Asset Debit 4.Buildings Asset Debit 5.Utilities Expense Expense Debit 6.Equipment Asset Debit 7.Rent Expense Expense Debit 8.Notes Payable Liability Credit 9.Salaries Expense Expense Debit 10. Insurance Expense Expense Debit 11. Cash Asset Debit 12. Service Revenue Revenue Credit

32 Problem 2-4A Corrections External Transaction Accounts Debit Credit 1. Owners invest $10,000 in the Cash 10,000 company and receive common stock. Common Stock 10, Receive cash of $3,000 for services Cash 3,000 provided in the current period. Service Revenue 3, Purchase office supplies on account, Supplies 200 $200. Accounts Payable Pay $500 for next month s rent. Prepaid Rent 500 Cash Purchase office equipment with cash Equipment 1,700 of $1,700. Cash 1,700

Chapter 2 Review of the Accounting Process

Chapter 2 Review of the Accounting Process QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW OF KEY TOPICS Question 2 1 External events involve an exchange transaction between the company and a separate economic entity. For every