Corporate Finance - Final Exam QUESTIONS 78 terms by trunganhhung

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1 Corporate Finance - Final Exam QUESTIONS 78 terms by trunganhhung Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Which one of the following best defines the variance of an investment's annual returns over a number of years? The average squared difference between the actual returns and the arithmetic average return. A. The average squared difference between the arithmetic and the geometric average annual returns. B. The squared summation of the differences between the actual returns and the average geometric return. C. The average difference between the annual returns and the average return for the period. D. The difference between the arithmetic average and the geometric average return for the period. E. The average squared difference between the actual returns and the arithmetic average return. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 1/28

2 Standard deviation is a measure of which one of the following? volatility A. average rate of return B. volatility C. probability D. risk premium E. real returns Which one of the following is defined by its mean and its standard deviation? normal distribution A. arithmetic nominal return B. geometric real return C. normal distribution D. variance E. risk premium The average compound return earned per year over a multi year period is called the average return. geometric A. arithmetic B. standard C. variant D. geometric E. real 5. Which of the following statements is correct in relation to a stock investment? I. The capital gains yield can be positive, negative, or zero. II. The dividend yield can be positive, negative, or zero. III. The total return can be positive, negative, or zero. IV. Neither the dividend yield nor the total return can be negative. I and III only finance final exam questions flash cards/ 2/28

3 The real rate of return on a stock is approximately equal to the nominal rate of return: minus the inflation rate. A. multiplied by (1 + inflation rate). B. plus the inflation rate. C. minus the inflation rate. D. divided by (1 + inflation rate). E. divided by (1 inflation rate). 7. Which one of the following statements is correct? A. The greater the volatility of returns, the greater the risk premium. B. The lower the volatility of returns, the greater the risk premium. C. The lower the average return, the greater the risk premium. D. The risk premium is unrelated to the average rate of return. E. The risk premium is not affected by the volatility of returns. If the variability of the returns on large company stocks were to increase over the long term, you would expect which of the following to occur as a result? I. decrease in the average rate of return II. increase in the risk premium III. increase in the 68 percent probability range of the frequency distribution of returns IV. decrease in the standard deviation A. The greater the volatility of returns, the greater the risk premium. II and III only finance final exam questions flash cards/ 3/28

4 Estimates of the rate of return on a security based on a historical arithmetic average will probably tend to the expected return for the long term while estimates using the historical geometric average will probably tend to the expected return for the short term. Which two of the following are the most likely reasons why a stock price might not react at all on the day that new information related to the stock issuer is released? I. insiders knew the information prior to the announcement II. investors need time to digest the information prior to reacting III. the information has no bearing on the value of the firm IV. the information was anticipated Which one of the following measures the amount of systematic risk present in a particular risky asset relative to the systematic risk present in an average risky asset? overestimate; underestimate III and IV only beta A. beta B. reward to risk ratio C. risk ratio D. standard deviation E. price earnings ratio finance final exam questions flash cards/ 4/28

5 Which one of the following is a positively sloped linear function that is created when expected returns are graphed against security betas? security market line A. reward to risk matrix B. portfolio weight graph C. normal distribution D. security market line E. market real returns Which one of the following is represented by the slope of the security market line? market risk premium A. reward to risk ratio B. market standard deviation C. beta coefficient D. risk free interest rate E. market risk premium Which one of the following is the formula that explains the relationship between the expected return on a security and the level of that security's systematic risk? capital asset pricing model A. capital asset pricing model B. time value of money equation C. unsystematic risk equation D. market performance equation E. expected risk formula Standard deviation measures which type of risk? total A. total B. nondiversifiable C. unsystematic D. systematic E. economic finance final exam questions flash cards/ 5/28

6 The expected return on a portfolio considers which of the following factors? I. percentage of the portfolio invested in each individual security II. projected states of the economy III. the performance of each security given various economic states IV. probability of occurrence for each state of the economy Which one of the following is an example of systematic risk? I, II, III, and IV investors panic causing security prices around the globe to fall precipitously A. investors panic causing security prices around the globe to fall precipitously B. a flood washes away a firm's warehouse C. a city imposes an additional one percent sales tax on all products D. a toymaker has to recall its topselling toy E. corn prices increase due to increased demand for alternative fuels Unsystematic risk A. can be effectively eliminated by portfolio diversification. B. is compensated for by the risk premium. C. is measured by beta. D. is measured by standard deviation. E. is related to the overall economy. can be effectively eliminated by portfolio diversification. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 6/28

7 The primary purpose of portfolio diversification is to: eliminate asset specific risk. A. increase returns and risks. B. eliminate all risks. C. eliminate asset specific risk. D. eliminate systematic risk. E. lower both returns and risks. Systematic risk is measured by: beta. A. the mean. B. beta. C. the geometric average. D. the standard deviation. E. the arithmetic average. Total risk is measured by and systematic risk is measured by. standard deviation; beta A. beta; alpha B. beta; standard deviation C. alpha; beta D. standard deviation; beta E. standard deviation; variance The market rate of return is 11 percent and the risk free rate of return is 3 percent. Lexant stock has 3 percent less systematic risk than the market and has an actual return of 12 percent. This stock: is underpriced. A. is underpriced. B. is correctly priced. C. will plot below the security market line. D. will plot on the security market line. E. will plot to the right of the overall market on a security market line graph. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 7/28

8 The market risk premium is computed by: subtracting the risk free rate of return from the market rate of return. A. adding the risk free rate of return to the inflation rate. B. adding the risk free rate of return to the market rate of return. C. subtracting the risk free rate of return from the inflation rate. D. subtracting the risk free rate of return from the market rate of return. E. multiplying the risk free rate of return by a beta of 1.0. According to CAPM, the amount of reward an investor receives for bearing the risk of an individual security depends upon the: market risk premium and the amount of systematic risk inherent in the security. A. amount of total risk assumed and the market risk premium. B. market risk premium and the amount of systematic risk inherent in the security. C. risk free rate, the market rate of return, and the standard deviation of the security. D. beta of the security and the market rate of return. E. standard deviation of the security and the risk free rate of return. Which one of the following should earn the most risk premium based on CAPM? stock with a beta of 1.38 A. diversified portfolio with returns similar to the overall market B. stock with a beta of 1.38 C. stock with a beta of 0.74 D. U.S. Treasury bill E. portfolio with a beta of finance final exam questions flash cards/ 8/28

9 A group of individuals got together and purchased all of the outstanding shares of common stock of DL Smith, Inc. What is the return that these individuals require on this investment called? cost of equity A. dividend yield B. cost of equity C. capital gains yield D. cost of capital E. income return Textile Mills borrows money at a rate of 13.5 percent. This interest rate is referred to as the: cost of debt. A. compound rate. B. current yield. C. cost of debt. D. capital gains yield. E. cost of capital. The average of a firm's cost of equity and aftertax cost of debt that is weighted based on the firm's capital structure is called the: weighted average cost of capital. A. reward to risk ratio. B. weighted capital gains rate. C. structured cost of capital. D. subjective cost of capital. E. weighted average cost of capital. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 9/28

10 A firm's cost of capital: A. will decrease as the risk level of the firm increases. B. for a specific project is primarily dependent upon the source of the funds used for the project. C. is independent of the firm's capital structure. D. should be applied as the discount rate for any project considered by the firm. E. depends upon how the funds raised are going to be spent. Which one of the following statements related to the SML approach to equity valuation is correct? Assume the firm uses debt in its capital structure. depends upon how the funds raised are going to be spent. The model is dependent upon a reliable estimate of the market risk premium. A. This model considers a firm's rate of growth. B. The model applies only to nondividend paying firms. C. The model is dependent upon a reliable estimate of the market risk premium. D. The model generally produces the same cost of equity as the dividend growth model. E. This approach generally produces a cost of equity that equals the firm's overall cost of capital. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 10/28

11 The pre tax cost of debt: A. is based on the current yield to maturity of the firm's outstanding bonds. B. is equal to the coupon rate on the latest bonds issued by a firm. C. is equivalent to the average current yield on all of a firm's outstanding bonds. D. is based on the original yield to maturity on the latest bonds issued by a firm. E. has to be estimated as it cannot be directly observed in the market. The aftertax cost of debt generally increases when: I. a firm's bond rating increases. II. the market rate of interest increases. III. tax rates decrease. IV. bond prices rise. The cost of preferred stock is computed the same as the: is based on the current yield to maturity of the firm's outstanding bonds. II and III only return on a perpetuity. A. pre tax cost of debt. B. return on an annuity. C. aftertax cost of debt. D. return on a perpetuity. E. cost of an irregular growth common stock. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 11/28

12 The capital structure weights used in computing the weighted average cost of capital: are based on the market value of the firm's debt and equity securities. A. are based on the book values of total debt and total equity. B. are based on the market value of the firm's debt and equity securities. C. are computed using the book value of the long term debt and the book value of equity. D. remain constant over time unless the firm issues new securities. E. are restricted to the firm's debt and common stock. If a firm uses its WACC as the discount rate for all of the projects it undertakes then the firm will tend to: I. reject some positive net present value projects. II. accept some negative net present value projects. III. favor high risk projects over low risk projects. IV. increase its overall level of risk over time. I, II, III, and IV finance final exam questions flash cards/ 12/28

13 The flotation cost for a firm is computed as: A. the arithmetic average of the flotation costs of both debt and equity. B. the weighted average of the flotation costs associated with each form of financing. C. the geometric average of the flotation costs associated with each form of financing. D. one half of the flotation cost of debt plus one half of the flotation cost of equity. E. a weighted average based on the book values of the firm's debt and equity. Incorporating flotation costs into the analysis of a project will: the weighted average of the flotation costs associated with each form of financing. increase the initial cash outflow of the project. A. cause the project to be improperly evaluated. B. increase the net present value of the project. C. increase the project's rate of return. D. increase the initial cash outflow of the project. E. have no effect on the present value of the project. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 13/28

14 Jones & Co. is funded by a group of individual investors for the sole purpose of providing funding for individuals who are trying to convert their new ideas into viable products. What is this type of funding called? venture capital A. green shoe funding B. tombstone underwriting C. venture capital D. red herring funding E. life cycle capital What is an issue of securities that is offered for sale to the general public on a direct cash basis called? general cash offer A. best efforts underwriting B. firm commitment underwriting C. general cash offer D. rights offer E. herring offer Tony currently owns 12,000 shares of GL Tools. He has just been notified that the firm is issuing additional shares of stock and that he is being given a chance to purchase some of these shares prior to the shares being offered to the general public. What is this type of an offer called? rights offer A. best efforts offer B. firm commitment offer C. general cash offer D. rights offer E. priority offer finance final exam questions flash cards/ 14/28

15 Soup Galore is a partnership that was formed three years ago for the purpose of creating, producing, and distributing healthy soups in a dried form. The firm has been extremely successful thus far and has decided to incorporate and offer shares of stock to the general public. What is this type of an equity offering called? initial public offering A. venture capital offering B. shelf offering C. private placement D. seasoned equity offering E. initial public offering What is a seasoned equity offering? A. an offering of shares by shareholders for repurchase by the issuer B. shares of stock that have been recommended for purchase by the SEC C. equity securities held by a firm's founder that are being offered for sale to the general public D. sale of newly issued equity shares by a firm that is currently publicly owned E. a set number of equity shares that are issued and offered to the public annually sale of newly issued equity shares by a firm that is currently publicly owned finance final exam questions flash cards/ 15/28

16 Executive Tours has decided to take its firm public and has hired an investment firm to handle this offering. The investment firm is serving as a(n): underwriter. A. aftermarket specialist. B. venture capitalist. C. underwriter. D. seasoned writer. E. primary investor. Denver Liquid Wholesalers recently offered 50,000 new shares of stock for sale. The underwriters sold a total of 53,000 shares to the public. The additional 3,000 shares were purchased in accordance with which one of the following? Green shoe provision A. Green shoe provision B. Red herring provision C. quiet provision D. lockup agreement E. post issue agreement Roy owns 200 shares of R.T.F., Inc. He has opted not to participate in the current rights offering by this firm. As a result, Roy will most likely be subject to: dilution. A. an oversubscription cost. B. underpricing. C. dilution. D. the Green Shoe provision. E. a locked in period. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 16/28

17 A group of five private investors recently loaned $6 million to Henderson Hardware for ten years at 9 percent interest. This loan is best described as a: private placement. A. private placement. B. debt SEO. C. notes payable. D. debt IPO. E. term loan. Pearson Electric recently registered 250,000 shares of stock under SEC Rule 415. The firm plans to sell 150,000 shares this year and the remaining 100,000 shares next year. What type of registration was this? shelf registration A. standby registration B. shelf registration C. Regulation A registration D. Regulation Q registration E. private placement registration Which of the following should be considered when selecting a venture capitalist? I. level of involvement II. past experiences III. termination of funding IV. financial strength I, II, III, and IV finance final exam questions flash cards/ 17/28

18 The Securities and Exchange Commission: is concerned only that an issue complies with all rules and regulations. A. verifies the accuracy of the information contained in the prospectus. B. verifies the accuracy of the information contained in the red herring. C. examines the registration statement during the Green Shoe period. D. is concerned only that an issue complies with all rules and regulations. E. determines the final offer price once they have approved the registration statement. With firm commitment underwriting, the issuing firm: knows up front the amount of money it will receive from the stock offering. A. is unsure of the total amount of funds it will receive until after the offering is completed. B. is unsure of the number of shares it will actually issue until after the offering is completed. C. knows exactly how many shares will be purchased by the general public during the offer period. D. retains the financial risk associated with unsold shares. E. knows up front the amount of money it will receive from the stock offering. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 18/28

19 A firm should select the capital structure that: maximizes the value of the firm. A. produces the highest cost of capital. B. maximizes the value of the firm. C. minimizes taxes. D. is fully unlevered. E. equates the value of debt with the value of equity. The unlevered cost of capital refers to the cost of capital for a(n): all equity firm. A. private entity. B. all equity firm. C. governmental entity. D. private individual. E. corporate shareholder. By definition, which of the following costs are included in the term "financial distress costs"? I. direct bankruptcy costs II. indirect bankruptcy costs III. direct costs related to being financially distressed, but not bankrupt IV. indirect costs related to being financially distressed, but not bankrupt I, II, III, and IV finance final exam questions flash cards/ 19/28

20 The proposition that a firm borrows up to the point where the marginal benefit of the interest tax shield derived from increased debt is just equal to the marginal expense of the resulting increase in financial distress costs is called: the static theory of capital structure. A. the static theory of capital structure. B. M&M Proposition I. C. M&M Proposition II. D. the capital asset pricing model. E. the open markets theorem. The optimal capital structure has been achieved when the: A. debt equity ratio is equal to 1. B. weight of equity is equal to the weight of debt. C. cost of equity is maximized given a pre tax cost of debt. D. debt equity ratio is such that the cost of debt exceeds the cost of equity. E. debt equity ratio results in the lowest possible weighted average cost of capital. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the relationship between a levered and an unlevered capital structure? Assume there are no taxes. debt equity ratio results in the lowest possible weighted average cost of capital. At the break even point, there is no advantage to debt. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 20/28

21 Which of the following statements related to financial risk are correct? I. Financial risk is the risk associated with the use of debt financing. II. As financial risk increases so too does the cost of equity. III. Financial risk is wholly dependent upon the financial policy of a firm. IV. Financial risk is the risk that is inherent in a firm's operations. The present value of the interest tax shield is expressed as: I, II, and III only Tc x D. A. (TC x D)/RA. B. VU + (TC x D). C. [EBIT x (TC x D)]/RU. D. [EBIT x (TC x D)]/RA. E. Tc x D. The interest tax shield is a key reason why: the net cost of debt to a firm is generally less than the cost of equity. A. the required rate of return on assets rises when debt is added to the capital structure. B. the value of an unlevered firm is equal to the value of a levered firm. C. the net cost of debt to a firm is generally less than the cost of equity. D. the cost of debt is equal to the cost of equity for a levered firm. E. firms prefer equity financing over debt financing. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 21/28

22 The optimal capital structure: A. will be the same for all firms in the same industry. B. will remain constant over time unless the firm changes its primary operations. C. will vary over time as taxes and market conditions change. D. places more emphasis on operations than on financing. E. is unaffected by changes in the financial markets. Which one of the following refers to the ability of shareholders to undo a firm's dividend policy and create an alternative dividend policy by reinvesting dividends or selling shares of stock? will vary over time as taxes and market conditions change. homemade dividend policy A. perfect foresight model B. personalization C. recapitalization D. offsetting leverage E. homemade dividend policy finance final exam questions flash cards/ 22/28

23 The common stock of Pierson Enterprises has historically had a high dividend yield and is expected to continue to do so. As a result, the majority of its shareholders are individuals and entities that are seeking a regular source of cash income. Most of these shareholders pay either no taxes or a relatively low amount of taxes. The fact that most of these shareholders have similar characteristics is referred to by which one of the following terms? clientele effect A. information content effect B. clientele effect C. efficient markets hypothesis D. distribution effect E. market reaction effect HJ Corporation has excess cash and has opted to buy some of its shares of outstanding common stock. What is this process of buying called? stock repurchase A. stock dividend B. stock split C. stock repurchase D. stock recap E. stock repeal Which one of the following involves a payment in shares by a stock issuer that increases the number of shares a shareholder owns but also decreases the value per share? stock dividend A. cash dividend B. stock dividend C. stock repurchase D. stock split E. reverse stock split finance final exam questions flash cards/ 23/28

24 Which one of the following statements related to cash dividends is correct? A dividend is never a liability until it has been declared. A. Extra cash dividends cannot be repeated in the future. B. A dividend is never a liability until it has been declared. C. If a firm has paid regular quarterly dividends for at least five consecutive years it is legally obligated to continue doing so. D. Regular cash dividends reduce paidin capital. E. The dividend yield expresses the annual dividend as a percentage of net income. All else equal, the market value of a stock will tend to decrease by roughly the aftertax value of the dividend on the: ex dividend date. A. dividend declaration date. B. ex dividend date. C. date of record. D. date of payment. E. day after the date of payment. Which one of the following favors a low dividend policy? the tax on capital gains is deferred until the gain is realized A. the tax on capital gains is deferred until the gain is realized B. few, if any, positive net present value projects are available to a firm C. a majority of the shareholders has a low relevant tax rate D. a majority of the shareholders has better investment opportunities with similar risks E. corporate tax rates exceed personal tax rates finance final exam questions flash cards/ 24/28

25 Which of the following shareholders tend to favor a high dividend policy? I. retired individuals II. endowment funds III. corporate investors IV. investors with high dividend tax rates but low capital gains tax rates Which one of the following statements is correct? A. Firms prefer to cut dividend payments rather than borrow money to fund a short term cash need. B. Share repurchases tend to increase agency costs. C. Maintaining a steady dividend is a key goal of most dividend paying firms. D. Tax rates are the key factor in determining a firm's dividend policy. E. Stock prices tend to ignore expected changes in dividend payments. Stock splits can be used to: A. adjust the market price of a stock such that it falls within a preferred trading range. B. decrease the excess cash held by a firm thereby lowering agency costs. C. increase both the number of shares outstanding and the market price per share. D. increase the total equity of a firm. E. adjust the debt equity ratio. I, II, and III only C. Maintaining a steady dividend is a key goal of most dividend paying firms. adjust the market price of a stock such that it falls within a preferred trading range. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 25/28

26 The length of time between the purchase of inventory and the receipt of cash from the sale of that inventory is called the: operating cycle. A. operating cycle. B. inventory period. C. accounts receivable period. D. accounts payable period. E. cash cycle. Central Supply purchased a toboggan for inventory this morning and paid cash for it. The time period between today and the day Central Supply will receive cash from the sale of this toboggan is called the: cash cycle. A. operating cycle. B. inventory period. C. accounts receivable period. D. accounts payable period. E. cash cycle. Which of the following determines the length of the operating cycle? I. cash cycle II. inventory period III. accounts payable period IV. accounts receivable period Which of the following are associated with a restrictive short term financial policy? I. little, if any, investment in marketable securities II. liberal credit terms for customers III. low cash balances IV. increasing inventory levels II and IV only I and III only finance final exam questions flash cards/ 26/28

27 A flexible short term financial policy: A. increases a firm's need for longterm financing. B. minimizes net working capital. C. avoids bad debts by only selling items for cash. D. maximizes fixed assets and minimizes current assets. E. is most appropriate for a firm with relatively high carrying costs and relatively low shortage costs. The optimal investment in current assets for an operating firm occurs at the point where: increases a firm's need for long term financing. the total costs of holding current assets is minimized. A. both shortage costs and carrying costs equal zero. B. shortage costs are equal to zero. C. carrying costs are equal to zero. D. carrying costs exceed shortage costs. E. the total costs of holding current assets is minimized. A cumulative cash deficit indicates a firm: has at least a short term need for external funding. A. has at least a short term need for external funding. B. is facing long term financial distress. C. will go out of business within the year. D. is capable of funding all of its needs internally. E. is using its cash wisely. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 27/28

28 A firm's overall cost of equity is: A. is generally less that the firm's WACC given a leveraged firm. B. unaffected by changes in the market risk premium. C. highly dependent upon the growth rate and risk level of the firm. D. generally less than the firm's aftertax cost of debt. E. inversely related to changes in the firm's tax rate. highly dependent upon the growth rate and risk level of the firm. finance final exam questions flash cards/ 28/28