Frontier Digital Ventures Limited

Transcription

1 Frontier Digital Ventures Limited Significant accounting policies This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements to the extent they have not already been disclosed elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. The financial statements are for the group consisting of Frontier Digital Ventures Limited and its subsidiaries. 1 Basis of preparation These general purpose financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and Interpretations issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board and the Corporations Act The Group is a for-profit entity for the purpose of preparing the financial statements. i) Compliance with IFRS The consolidated financial statements of the Group also comply with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). ii) Historical cost convention The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost basis, except for the following: available-for-sale financial assets, financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) certain classes of property, plant and equipment and investment property measured at fair value, and assets held for sale measured at fair value less cost of disposal. iii) Critical accounting estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group s accounting policies. It also requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates and assumptions. iv) New and amended standards adopted by the Group The group has applied the following standards and amendments for the first time for their annual reporting period commencing 1 January 2015: AASB Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards (including Part A: Annual Improvements and Cycles and Part B: Defined Benefit Plans: Employee Contributions Amendments to AASB 119) The adoption of these amendments did not result in substantial changes to the Group s and Company s accounting policies and had no material effect on the amounts reported for the current or prior financial years. v) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for 31 December 2015 reporting periods and have not been early

2 adopted by the group. The Group s assessment of the impact of these new standards and interpretations is set out below. Title of standard Nature of change Impact Mandatory application date/ Date of adoption by group AASB 9 Financial Instruments AASB 9 addresses the classification, measurement and derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities, introduces new rules for hedge accounting and a new impairment model for financial assets. The new hedging rules align hedge accounting more closely with the Group s risk management practices. As a general rule it will be easier to apply hedge accounting going forward. The new standard also introduces expanded disclosure requirements and changes in presentation. As it relates to the other changes contemplated by the new accounting standard, the Group continues to assess the impact on the financial statements and at 30 June 2015 the changes are not expected to materially impact the Group. Must be applied for financial years commencing on or after 1 January Based on the transitional provisions in the completed AASB 9, early adoption in phases was only permitted for annual reporting periods beginning before 1 February After that date, the new rules must be adopted in their entirety. The group is currently assessing whether it should adopt AASB 9 before its mandatory date.

3 Title of standard Nature of change Impact Mandatory application date/ Date of adoption by group AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers The AASB has issued a new standard for the recognition of revenue. This will replace AASB 118 which covers revenue arising from the sale of goods and the rendering of services and AASB 111 which covers construction contracts. The new standard is based on the principle that revenue is recognised when control of a good or service transfers to a customer. The standard permits either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach for the adoption. AASB 15 provides a single, principles based five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers. The five steps in the model are as follows: Identify the contract with the customer Identify the performance obligations in the contract Determine the transaction price Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contracts Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Guidance is provided on topics such as the point in which revenue is recognized, accounting for variable consideration, costs of fulfilling and obtaining a contract and various related matters. New disclosures about revenue are also introduced. Mandatory for financial years commencing on or after 1 January 2018, but available for early adoption. Expected date of adoption by the Group: 1 January Management is currently assessing the impact of the new rules. At this stage, the Group is not able to estimate the impact of the new rules on the Group s financial statements. The Group will make more detailed assessments of the impact over the next twelve months.

4 Title of standard Nature of change Impact Mandatory application date/ Date of adoption by group AASB 16 Leases The AASB has issued a new standard for lease accounting. AASB 16 will replace AASB 17. Lessee accounting Lessees are required to recognise assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 months, unless the underlying asset is of low value A lessee measures right-of-use assets similarly to other non-financial assets and lease liabilities similarly to other financial liabilities Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. The measurement includes noncancellable lease payments (including inflation-linked payments), and also includes payments to be made in optional periods if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend the lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate the lease. AASB 16 includes disclosure requirements for lessees. Mandatory for financial years commencing on or after 1 January 2019 but available for early adoption. Expected date of adoption by the Group: 1 January Lessor accounting will not change significantly.

5 There are no other standards that are not yet effective and that would be expected to have a material impact on the entity in the current or future reporting periods and on foreseeable future transactions.

6 2 Revenue recognition Sales comprise the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of goods and rendering of services in the ordinary course of the Group s activities. Sales are presented, net of value-added tax, rebates and discounts, and after eliminating sales within the Group. The Group recognises revenue when the amount of revenue and related cost can be reliably measured, it is probable that the collectability of the related receivables is reasonably assured and when the specific criteria for each of the Group s activities are met as follows: (a) Rendering of service Revenue is recognised where the contract outcome can be estimated reliably and control of the right to be compensated for their service and the stage of completion can be reliably measured. Advance billings are deferred and released in the appropriate period when the service is delivered. Prepayments for services are recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet and released in the appropriate period when service is delivered. Where customers prepay for services and it is not possible to allocate those prepayments to the services provided, the revenues are amortised over the expiry period of the credit. (b) Dividend and interest income Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment is established. Interest income is recognised as interest accrues using the effective interest rate method. (c) Other revenue Other revenue is recognised when it is recovered and when the right to receive payment is established.

7 2. Significant accounting policies (continued) 3 Group accounting (a) Subsidiaries (i) Consolidation Subsidiaries are all entities (including special purpose entities) over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases. Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the transferred asset. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. Non-controlling interests in the results and equity of subsidiaries are shown separately in the consolidated statement of profit or loss, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and balance sheet respectively. (ii) Business Combinations The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for all business combinations by the Group, regardless of whether equity instruments or other assets are acquired. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary comprises the fair values of the assets transferred liabilities incurred to the former owners of the acquired business equity interests issued by the Group fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, and fair value of any pre-existing equity interest in the subsidiary.

8 3 Group accounting (continued) (a) Subsidiaries (continued) (ii) Business combinations (continued) Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are, with limited exceptions, measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. The Group recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest s proportionate share of the acquired entity s net identifiable assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. The excess of the consideration transferred, amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity, and acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquired entity over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If those amounts are less than the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognised directly in profit or loss as a bargain purchase. Where settlement of any part of cash consideration is deferred, the amounts payable in the future are discounted to their present value as at the date of exchange. The discount rate used is the entity s incremental borrowing rate, being the rate at which a similar borrowing could be obtained from an independent financier under comparable terms and conditions. Contingent consideration is classified either as equity or a financial liability. Amounts classified as a financial liability are subsequently remeasured to fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss. If the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date carrying value of the acquirer s previously held equity interest in the acquire is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date. Any gains or losses arising from such remeasurement are recognised in profit or loss. (iii) Changes in ownership interests The group treats transactions with non-controlling interests that do not result in a loss of control as transactions with equity owners of the group. A change in ownership interest results in an adjustment between the carrying amounts of the controlling and non-controlling interests to reflect their relative interests in the subsidiary. Any

9 difference between the amount of the adjustment to non-controlling interests and any consideration paid or received is recognised in a separate reserve within equity attributable to the owners of the Group. When the group ceases to consolidate or equity account for an investment because of a loss of control, joint control or significant influence, any retained interest in the entity is remeasured to its fair value with the change in carrying amount recognised in profit or loss. This fair value becomes the initial carrying amount for the purposes of subsequently accounting for the retained interest as an associate, joint venture or financial asset. In addition, any amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for as if the group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. This may mean that amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss.

10 3 Group accounting (continued) (b) Associated companies Associated companies are all entities over which the Group has significant influence, but not control or joint control, generally accompanied by a shareholding giving rise to voting rights of 20% and above but not exceeding 50%. Investments in associated companies are accounted for in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting, after initially being recognised at cost, less impairment losses, if any. (i) Equity method of accounting Under the equity method of accounting, the investments are initially recognised at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognise the Group s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of the investee in profit or loss, and the Group s share of movements in other comprehensive income of the investee in other comprehensive income. The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued or liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. Goodwill on associated companies represents the excess of the cost of acquisition of the associate over the Group s share of the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the associate and is included in the carrying amount of the investments. Dividends received or receivable from associates and joint ventures are recognised as a reduction in the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group s share of losses in an associated company equals or exceeds its interest in the associated company, including any other unsecured non-current receivables, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has obligations to make or has made payments on behalf of the associated company.

11 3 Group accounting (continued) (b) Associated companies (continued) (i) Equity method of accounting (continued) Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its associated companies are eliminated to the extent of the Group's interest in the associated companies. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. The accounting policies of associated companies have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by the Group. (ii) Joint arrangements Under AASB 11 Joint Arrangements investments in joint arrangements are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures. The classification depends on the contractual rights and obligations of each investor, rather than the legal structure of the joint arrangement. Joint operations The Group recognises its direct right to the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of joint operations and its share of any jointly held or incurred assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These have been incorporated in the financial statements under the appropriate headings. Joint ventures Interests in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method (see (b)(i) above), after initially being recognised at cost in the consolidated balance sheet. (iii) Disposals Investments in associated companies are derecognised when the Group loses significant influence. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries and associated companies, the difference between disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts of the investments are recognised in profit or loss. Any retained equity interest in the entity is remeasured at its fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the retained interest at the date when significant influence is lost and its fair value is recognised in profit or loss. If the ownership interest in a joint venture or an associate is reduced but joint control or significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate.

12 4 Plant and equipment Plant and equipment are recognised at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Subsequent expenditure relating to plant and equipment that has already been recognised is added to the carrying amount of the asset only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate depreciable amounts over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives are as follows: Computers Office equipment, furniture & fittings Useful lives 3 years 5 years The residual values, estimated useful lives and depreciation method of plant and equipment are reviewed, and adjusted as appropriate, at each balance sheet date. The effects of any revision are recognised in profit or loss when the changes arise. Increases in the carrying amounts arising on revaluation of plant and equipment are recognised, net of tax, in other comprehensive income and accumulated in reserves in shareholders equity. To the extent that the increase reverses a decrease previously recognised in profit or loss, the increase is first recognised in profit or loss. Decreases that reverse previous increases of the same asset are first recognised in other comprehensive income to the extent of the remaining surplus attributable to the asset; all other decreases are charged to profit or loss. Each year, the difference between depreciation based on the revalued carrying amount of the asset charged to profit or loss and depreciation based on the asset s original cost, net of tax, is reclassified from the property, plant and equipment revaluation surplus to retained earnings. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in profit or loss. When revalued assets are sold, it is group policy to transfer any amounts included in other reserves in respect of those assets to retained earnings. 5 Intangible assets (a) Goodwill on acquisitions Goodwill is measured as described in note 2.3(a)(ii). Goodwill on acquisitions of subsidiaries is included in intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortised but it is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired, and is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating units or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose. The units or groups of units are

13 identified at the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes, being the operating segments.

14 5 Intangible assets (continued) (b) Acquired computer software licences Acquired computer software licences are initially capitalised at cost which includes the purchase price (net of any discounts and rebates) and other directly attributable cost of preparing the asset for its intended use. Direct expenditure including employee costs, which enhances or extends the performance of computer software beyond its specifications and which can be reliably measured, is added to the original cost of the software. Costs associated with maintaining the computer software are recognised as an expense when incurred. Computer software licences are subsequently carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. These costs are amortised to profit or loss using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of three to five years. The amortisation period and amortisation method of intangible assets other than goodwill are reviewed at least at each balance sheet date. The effects of any revision are recognised in profit or loss when the changes arise.

15 6 Impairment of non-financial assets (a) Goodwill Goodwill recognised separately as an intangible asset is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is indication that the goodwill may be impaired. For the purpose of impairment testing of goodwill, goodwill is allocated to each of the Group s cash-generating-units ( CGU ) expected to benefit from synergies arising from the business combination. An impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of a CGU, including the goodwill, exceeds the recoverable amount of the CGU. The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of the CGU s fair value less cost to sell and value-in-use. The total impairment loss of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the CGU and then to the other assets of the CGU pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU. An impairment loss on goodwill is recognised as an expense and is not reversed in a subsequent period. (b) Other non-financial assets Intangible assets, plant and equipment and investments in subsidiaries and associated companies are tested for impairment whenever there is any objective evidence or indication that these assets may be impaired. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets. If this is the case, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. If the recoverable amount of the asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount.

16 6 Impairment of non-financial assets (continued) (b) Other non-financial assets (continued) 7 Financial assets The difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, in which case, such impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease. Please refer to the paragraph Plant and equipment for the treatment of a revaluation decrease. An impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is reversed if, and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The carrying amount of this asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. A reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognised in profit or loss, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, in which case, such reversal is treated as a revaluation increase. However, to the extent that an impairment loss on the same revalued asset was previously recognised as an expense, a reversal of that impairment is also credited to profit or loss. Bank balances and trade and other receivables are initially recognised at their fair values plus transaction costs and subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less accumulated impairment losses. The Group assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is objective evidence that these financial assets are impaired and recognises an allowance for impairment through profit or loss when such evidence exists. Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy and default or significant delay in payments are objective evidence that these financial assets are impaired. The carrying amount of these assets is reduced through the use of an impairment allowance account which is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate. These assets are presented as current assets except for those that are expected to be realised later than 12 months after the balance sheet date which are presented as noncurrent assets.

17 8 Trade and other payables 9 Leases Trade and other payables represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the group prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. They are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade and other payables are initially recognised at fair value, and subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The Group leases certain plant and equipment under operating leases from nonrelated parties. (a) Lessee - Operating leases Leases of plant and equipment where substantially all risks and rewards incidental to ownership are retained by the lessors are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessors) are recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. Contingent rents are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when incurred.

18 10 Income taxes Current income tax for current and prior periods is recognised at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred income tax is recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction. A deferred income tax liability is recognised on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associated companies and joint ventures, except where the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. A deferred income tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilised. Deferred income tax is measured: (i) (ii) at the tax rates that are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date; and based on the tax consequence that will follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the balance sheet date, to recover or settle the carrying amounts of its assets and liabilities except for investment properties. Investment property measured at fair value is presumed to be recovered entirely through sale. Current and deferred income taxes are recognised as income or expense in profit or loss, except to the extent that the tax relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. Deferred tax arising from a business combination is adjusted against goodwill on acquisition. Deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill.

19 11 Employee compensation Employee benefits are recognised as an expense, unless the cost qualifies to be capitalised as an asset. (a) Short-term obligations Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits and accumulating sick leave that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet. (b) Defined contribution plans Defined contribution plans are post-employment benefit plans under which the Group pays fixed contributions into separate entities such as the Central Provident Fund on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. (c) Share-based payments Share-based compensation benefits are provided to employees via an employee share scheme. (i) Deferred shares d) Termination benefits The fair value of deferred shares granted to employees for nil consideration under the short-term incentive scheme is recognised as an expense over the relevant service period, being the year to which the bonus relates and the vesting period of the shares. The fair value is measured at the grant date of the shares and is recognised in equity in the share-based payment reserve. The number of shares expected to vest is estimated based on the non-market vesting conditions. The estimates are revised at the end of each reporting period and adjustments are recognised in profit or loss and the share-based payment reserve. Where shares are forfeited due to a failure by the employee to satisfy the service conditions, any expenses previously recognised in relation to such shares are reversed effective the date of the forfeiture. Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the group before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The group recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the group can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of AASB 137 and involves the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to

20 encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

21 12 Currency translation (a) Functional and presentation currency Items included in the financial statements of each entity in the Group are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates ( functional currency ). The financial statements are presented in Australian dollars, the Group s presentation currency. (b) Transactions and balances Transactions in a currency other than the functional currency ( foreign currency ) are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Currency translation differences resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the closing rates at the balance sheet date are recognised in profit or loss. However, in the consolidated financial statements, currency translation differences arising from borrowings in foreign currencies and other currency instruments designated and qualifying as net investment hedges and net investment in foreign operations, are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the currency translation reserve. When a foreign operation is disposed of or any borrowings forming part of the net investment of the foreign operation are repaid, a proportionate share of the accumulated translation differences is reclassified to profit or loss, as part of the gain or loss on disposal. Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings are presented in the income statement within finance cost. All other foreign exchange gains and losses impacting profit or loss are presented in the income statement within other losses net. Non-monetary items measured at fair values in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair values are determined.

22 12 Currency translation (continued) (c) Translation of Group entities financial statements The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: (i) (ii) (iii) Assets and liabilities are translated at the closing exchange rates at the reporting date; Income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates (unless the average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions); and All resulting currency translation differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the currency translation reserve. 13 Cash and cash equivalents Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of foreign operations are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operations and translated at the closing rates at the reporting date. For the purpose of presentation in the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank overdrafts. 14 Share capital and treasury shares Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new ordinary shares are deducted against the share capital account. Where any group company purchases the company s equity instruments, for example as the result of a share buy-back or a share-based payment plan, the consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental costs (net of income taxes) is deducted from equity attributable to the owners of Frontier Digital Ventures Limited as treasury shares until the shares are cancelled or reissued. Where such ordinary shares are subsequently reissued, any consideration received, net of any directly attributable incremental transaction costs and the related income tax effects, is included in equity attributable to the owners of Frontier Digital Ventures Limited. 15 Dividends to Company s shareholders Dividends to the Company s shareholders are recognised when the dividends are approved for payment.

23 16 Earnings per share (a) Basic earnings per share Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing: the profit attributable to owners of the company, excluding any costs of servicing equity other than ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in ordinary shares issued during the year and excluding treasury shares. (b) Diluted earnings per share 17 Segment reporting Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account: the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential ordinary shares, and the weighted average number of additional ordinary shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The board of Frontier Digital Ventures Limited has appointed a strategic steering committee which assesses the financial performance and position of the group, and makes strategic decisions. The steering committee, which has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker, consists of the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer and the manager for corporate planning. 18 Goods and Services Tax (GST) Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of associated GST, unless the GST incurred is not recoverable from the taxation authority. In this case it is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense. Receivables and payables are stated inclusive of the amount of GST receivable or payable. The net amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included with other receivables or payables in the balance sheet. Cash flows are presented on a gross basis. The GST components of cash flows arising from investing or financing activities which are recoverable from, or payable to the taxation authority, are presented as operating cash flows. 19 Rounding of amounts The company is of a kind referred to in Class Order 98/100, issued by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, relating to the rounding off of amounts in the financial statements. Amounts in the financial statements have been rounded off in accordance with that Class Order to the nearest thousand dollars, or in certain cases, the nearest dollar.